Showing 40 items matching "economic conditions"
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Koorie Heritage TrustBook, Warby, Michael, Past wrongs, future rights : anti-discrimination, Native Title and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander policy, 1975-1997, 1997
... | Torres Strait Islanders -- Economic conditions..... | Aboriginal Australians -- Economic conditions. | Torres Strait Islanders -- Social conditions. | Torres Strait Islanders -- Economic conditions. ...The central thesis of this book is that the major failing of native title, as communal, inalienable and partial title, is that is does not represent a sound instrument for significantly improving the conditions and prospects of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. The costs involved to the Australian community are not balanced by commensurate benefits to indigenous Australians.i-iv; 167 P.; index; bib.; footnotes; 21 cm.The central thesis of this book is that the major failing of native title, as communal, inalienable and partial title, is that is does not represent a sound instrument for significantly improving the conditions and prospects of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. The costs involved to the Australian community are not balanced by commensurate benefits to indigenous Australians.land tenure -- law and legislation -- australia. | aboriginal australians -- land tenure. | torres strait islanders -- land tenure. | aboriginal australians -- social conditions. | aboriginal australians -- economic conditions. | torres strait islanders -- social conditions. | torres strait islanders -- economic conditions. -
Phillip Island and District Historical Society Inc.Book, Bill Hampel, Against the grain : fourteen farmers adapt to climate change, 2015
... farmers -- australia -- economic conditions....A summary of climate change impacts - and an account of the numerous economic, political, and media barriers toward change - combine to provide a context for their work. agriculture -- environmental aspects -- australia. farmers -- australia -- economic conditions. rural development -- australia. climatic changes -- australia. ...Can we humans simply ignore the fires, the floods, and the increase in deaths brought about by climate change? In this book, Australian farmers - who bear the brunt of climate change, yet accept the science - share their experiences with the unpredictable weather events, the reduction in rainfall, and the shift to hotter months which are a challenge to farming cycles. Far from contributing to the problem with their farming practices, these farmers demonstrate how to reduce their greenhouse gases - to zero or below in some cases - while remaining profitable. They are all committed to pass on their farm in a better condition than when they first purchased or inherited it. With crops or livestock, big or small, they have worked cooperatively, mostly through land management, to plant thousands of trees, which has led to the daily presence of over 100 bird species. The farmers' inspiring and informative stories will open up a new world to most urban dwellers. A summary of climate change impacts - and an account of the numerous economic, political, and media barriers toward change - combine to provide a context for their work. 280 pages : colour illustrations, colour maps, colour portraits ; 23 cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Also available in digital formats: ebook & epdf. ISBN 9781925078503 Dewey number 338.10994 Chapter 5 : Bob & Anne Davie Donor : Anne Davie ; Date : 14.10.2015.agriculture -- environmental aspects -- australia., farmers -- australia -- economic conditions., rural development -- australia., climatic changes -- australia. -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)Book, Cannon, Michael, The human face of the great depression, 1996
... ...economic conditions...City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum) Joyce Park Jasper Road Ormond melbourne Depressions poverty Australia politics economic conditions 1st ed. limited to 950 copies. 315 p. : ill., facsims., ports. ; Ill. on end papers. ...315 p. : ill., facsims., ports. ; Ill. on end papers. Includes bibliography and index.non-fictiondepressions, poverty, australia, politics, economic conditions -
Greensborough Historical SocietyBook, Making their mark: The Victorians; by Susan Priestley, 1984_
... ...victoria economic conditions...Published to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the European settlement of Victoria victoria land use victoria economic conditions victoria history victoria social conditions susan priestley melbourne suburbs Hard cover. 382 pages, illus., maps. ...This text deals with the economic development of Victoria in the 19th and early 20th century.Published to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the European settlement of VictoriaHard cover. 382 pages, illus., maps.victoria land use, victoria economic conditions, victoria history, victoria social conditions, susan priestley, melbourne suburbs -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)Book, Kolko, Gabriel, Vietnam: Anatomy of a Peace, 1997
... ...Vietnam -- Economic conditions -- 1975...National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM) 25 Veterans Drive Newhaven phillip-island-and-the-bass-coast Vietnam -- Social conditions -- 1975 Vietnam -- Economic conditions -- 1975 In Vietnam: Anatomy of a Peace, Gabriel Kolko argues that victory in 1975 caught the Communists wholly unprepared to cope with the reconstruction of the war-torn nation. ...In Vietnam: Anatomy of a Peace, Gabriel Kolko argues that victory in 1975 caught the Communists wholly unprepared to cope with the reconstruction of the war-torn nation.In Vietnam: Anatomy of a Peace, Gabriel Kolko argues that victory in 1975 caught the Communists wholly unprepared to cope with the reconstruction of the war-torn nation.vietnam -- social conditions -- 1975, vietnam -- economic conditions -- 1975 -
Kew Historical Society IncBook, Melbourne After the Gold Rush / [by] Michael Cannon, 1993
... melbourne (vic.) - economic conditions - 1851-1901.....) - social conditions - 1851-1901. melbourne (vic.) - economic conditions - 1851-1901. gold rush 473 p. : ill. ...473 p. : ill.(some col.); 25 cm. melbourne (vic.) - history - 1851-1901., melbourne (vic.) - social conditions - 1851-1901., melbourne (vic.) - economic conditions - 1851-1901., gold rush -
Koorie Heritage TrustBook, Blainey, Geoffrey, Triumph of the nomads : A history of ancient Australia, 1975
... | Aboriginal Australians -- Economic conditions -- History. | Aboriginal Australians. | Habitation - Nomadism. | Demography - Palaeodemography - Aboriginal settlement of Australia. | Reproduction - Infanticide. | Feuds and warfare. | Hunting.... | Aboriginal Australians -- Economic conditions -- History. | Aboriginal Australians. | Habitation - Nomadism. | Demography - Palaeodemography - Aboriginal settlement of Australia. | Reproduction - Infanticide. | Feuds and warfare. | Hunting gathering and fishing. | Food - Plants. | Trade and exchange - Trade routes. ...General account based on secondary sources of the prehistory of Australia; origins, migration and pre-contact culture.x,285p. : maps ; 22cm.General account based on secondary sources of the prehistory of Australia; origins, migration and pre-contact culture.australian aboriginal civilization, to 1788. ecological aspects | aboriginal australians -- history. | aboriginal australians -- economic conditions -- history. | aboriginal australians. | habitation - nomadism. | demography - palaeodemography - aboriginal settlement of australia. | reproduction - infanticide. | feuds and warfare. | hunting, gathering and fishing. | food - plants. | trade and exchange - trade routes. -
Kew Historical Society IncBook, George Robertson & Co, Australia Unlimited, 1918
... australia - economic conditions - 1901-1914...Reference books have entered the collection through donation, presentation, collection and purchase. australia - description and travel - 1901-1950 australia - economic conditions - 1901-1914 1083, lvi p. : ill., ports. ; 31 cm. ...1083, lvi p. : ill., ports. ; 31 cm. non-fictionaustralia - description and travel - 1901-1950, australia - economic conditions - 1901-1914 -
Port Fairy Historical Society Museum and ArchivesBook, Macmillan Publishers Group Australia Pty Ltd, Triumph of the nomads : a History of Ancient Australia, 1982
... aboriginal australians -- economic conditions -- history....Port Fairy Historical Society Museum and Archives 30 Gipps Street Port Fairy great-ocean-road Argues that Australia's Indigenous people discovered the land, adapted it and mastered its climates, seasons & reserves. habitation - nomadism. demography - palaeodemography - aboriginal settlement of australia. reproduction - infanticide. feuds and warfare. hunting gathering and fishing. food - plants. trade and exchange - trade routes. australiens (aborign̈es) aborigines australian -- social life and customs. aboriginal australians -- social life and customs -- northern territory. aboriginal australians -- history. aboriginal australians -- culture -- history. aboriginal australians -- civilization -- history. aboriginal australians -- economic conditions -- history. aboriginal australians -- social life and customs. human ecology -- australia. aboriginal australians. aborigines. australiens (aborigènes) australien. australia -- history. lake mungo / walls of china (willandra sw nsw si54-08) tasmania (tas) australia - aborigines Book Argues that Australia's Indigenous people discovered the land, adapted it and mastered its climates, seasons & reserves. 23.0 x 14.0cms, 938 pp. b/w illust dust jacket Triumph of the nomads : a History of Ancient Australia. ...Argues that Australia's Indigenous people discovered the land, adapted it and mastered its climates, seasons & reserves.23.0 x 14.0cms, 938 pp. b/w illust dust jacketnon-fictionArgues that Australia's Indigenous people discovered the land, adapted it and mastered its climates, seasons & reserves.habitation - nomadism., demography - palaeodemography - aboriginal settlement of australia., reproduction - infanticide., feuds and warfare., hunting, gathering and fishing., food - plants., trade and exchange - trade routes., australiens (aborign̈es), aborigines, australian -- social life and customs., aboriginal australians -- social life and customs -- northern territory., aboriginal australians -- history., aboriginal australians -- culture -- history., aboriginal australians -- civilization -- history., aboriginal australians -- economic conditions -- history., aboriginal australians -- social life and customs., human ecology -- australia., aboriginal australians., aborigines., australiens (aborigènes), australien., australia -- history., lake mungo / walls of china (willandra sw nsw si54-08), tasmania (tas), australia - aborigines, book -
Unions BallaratWeevils in the flour : an oral record of the 1930s depression in Australia, Lowenstein, Wendy, 1978
... ...economic conditions...Relevant to Australian social and workplace history, especially during the period of the Great Depression of the 1930s. btlc ballarat trades hall ballarat trades and labour council the great depression work for the dole oral histories wages economic conditions social history history australian history economics employment unemployment Front cover: title and author's name. ...An oral history relating to the Great Depression and the personal hardships that were suffered by families. Relevant to Australian social and workplace history, especially during the period of the Great Depression of the 1930s.Paper; book. Front cover: black background; artistic impression of working class people, including a banner that reads "work not dole"'; red, yellow and white lettering. Front cover: title and author's name.btlc, ballarat trades hall, ballarat trades and labour council, the great depression, work for the dole, oral histories, wages, economic conditions, social history, history, australian history, economics, employment, unemployment -
Mont De LanceyBook, Graeme Davidson, The Rise and Fall of Marvellous Melbourne, 1978
... Melbourne - Economic conditions - 1880-1890...History Melbourne Australian history Melbourne - Economic conditions - 1880-1890 This book looks beyond public events to discover how the experience of boom and depression touched the lives of ordinary Melburnians at work and at home and reshaped their society and their sense of urban identity. ...This book looks beyond public events to discover how the experience of boom and depression touched the lives of ordinary Melburnians at work and at home and reshaped their society and their sense of urban identity.A red hardcover book, The Rise and Fall of Marvellous Melbourne by Graeme Davidson. The red cover has large flourished gold embossed letters MM on the front cover with the title and publisher symbol at the bottom of the spine. It has a grey dust jacket with the title printed in black and red letters at the top front and the author written in white letters below. A full page grey and white cityscape of Melbourne wraps around the jacket. On the inside of the jacket there is a blurb explaining briefly the book's contents. There is a Contents, list of Illustrations, Acknowledgements, Notes and Abbreviations pages. On the back inside jacket are details of the author. Tables, black and white illustrations and photographs are included.non-fictionThis book looks beyond public events to discover how the experience of boom and depression touched the lives of ordinary Melburnians at work and at home and reshaped their society and their sense of urban identity.history melbourne, australian history, melbourne - economic conditions - 1880-1890 -
Mrs Aeneas Gunn Memorial LibraryBook, Smith Elder and Co, The reign of Queen Victoria : a survey of fifty years of progress v.1, 1887
... Great Britain - Economic conditions - 19th century...Mrs Aeneas Gunn Memorial Library via Monbulk RSL, 48 Main Rd Monbulk yarra-valley-and-the-dandenong-ranges Great Britain - Social conditions - 19th century Great Britain - Economic conditions - 19th century A study of the history of Great Britain during the reign of Queen Victoria Map, p.594. ...A study of the history of Great Britain during the reign of Queen VictoriaMap, p.594.non-fictionA study of the history of Great Britain during the reign of Queen Victoriagreat britain - social conditions - 19th century, great britain - economic conditions - 19th century -
Mrs Aeneas Gunn Memorial LibraryBook, Smith Elder and Co, The reign of Queen Victoria : a survey of fifty years of progress v.2, 1887
... Great Britain - Economic conditions - 19th century...Mrs Aeneas Gunn Memorial Library via Monbulk RSL, 48 Main Rd Monbulk yarra-valley-and-the-dandenong-ranges Great Britain - Social conditions - 19th century Great Britain - Economic conditions - 19th century A study of the history of Great Britain during the reign of Queen Victoria Map, p.620. ...A study of the history of Great Britain during the reign of Queen VictoriaMap, p.620.non-fictionA study of the history of Great Britain during the reign of Queen Victoriagreat britain - social conditions - 19th century, great britain - economic conditions - 19th century -
The Celtic ClubBook, Mrs Cobden Unwin, The hungry forties, 1904
... Ireland - Economic conditions...The Celtic Club Limerick Arms Hotel, 364 Clarendon St, South Melbourne VIC 3205 Ireland - Economic conditions Irelend - Social conditions Life under the bread tax operating in Ireland in the 1840s. p.274, ill. ...Life under the bread tax operating in Ireland in the 1840s.p.274, ill.non-fictionLife under the bread tax operating in Ireland in the 1840s.ireland - economic conditions, irelend - social conditions -
Federation University Historical CollectionBook - Book - ledger, Ernest Pickering, Architectural Design by Ernest Pickering, 1941, 1941
... Contents include architectural influences, climate, topography, materials, social conditions, economic conditions, evolution of form, plan and volume, visible structure, materials, structure, creative principles, composition, design....Contents include architectural influences, climate, topography, materials, social conditions, economic conditions, evolution of form, plan and volume, visible structure, materials, structure, creative principles, composition, design. ...Ernest Pickering was author of Architecture at the University of Cincinnati.Brown hard covered book. Contents include architectural influences, climate, topography, materials, social conditions, economic conditions, evolution of form, plan and volume, visible structure, materials, structure, creative principles, composition, design.architecture, decorative elements, principles of design, ernest pickering, ballarat scbool of mines library -
Melbourne Tram MuseumDocument - Memorandum, R. J. Risson, "PCC Agreement", 20/01/1953 12:00:00 AM
... Notes Brisbane's work and the economic conditions in Australia at the time....Notes Brisbane's work and the economic conditions in Australia at the time. "PCC Agreement" Document Memorandum R. ...Memorandum - carbon copy - two foolscap sheets and one quarto sheet - titled "PCC Agreement", regarding the agreement between the MMTB and Transit Research Corporation of the USA regarding the licence to use PCC Equipment dated and initialled by R. J. Risson Chairman 20/1/1953. Seems to be some dispute over the holding of the licence with the TRC. Meeting attended by the former MMTB Manager (Operations) S. M. Richardson, Mr Bell Junior and Mr. Guice Acting Secretary. Notes Brisbane's work and the economic conditions in Australia at the time.trams, tramways, mmtb, pcc, new trams, agreements -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Certificate - Certificate of Exception from Compulsory Attendance from school
... The journey towards compulsory attendance in Victorian education was a gradual process, influenced by various factors such as economic conditions, social attitudes, and the need for efficient instruction. ...The journey towards compulsory attendance in Victorian education was a gradual process, influenced by various factors such as economic conditions, social attitudes, and the need for efficient instruction. ...The journey towards compulsory attendance in Victorian education was a gradual process, influenced by various factors such as economic conditions, social attitudes, and the need for efficient instruction. The first attempts to encourage attendance were made in the 1860s with the Revised Code of 1862, which linked payments to attendance and academic performance. However, it was not until the 1870s and 1880s that measures were taken to make attendance compulsory. The 1876 Sandon’s Acts were a significant step, compelling parents to ensure their children received efficient instruction and imposing penalties for non-compliance. The 1870 Education Act allowed School Boards to frame bye-laws for compulsory attendance between the ages of 5 and 13, but it was not until the 1880s that full compulsory attendance was established.every, education, victorian education department -
Queenscliffe Maritime MuseumFunctional object - Propeller
... Apart from local exercises and a 1921 visit to Tasmania, the submarines saw little use, and by June 1922, the cost of maintaining the boats and deteriorating economic conditions saw the six submarines decommissioned and marked for disposal....Apart from local exercises and a 1921 visit to Tasmania, the submarines saw little use, and by June 1922, the cost of maintaining the boats and deteriorating economic conditions saw the six submarines decommissioned and marked for disposal. ...HMS J3 (later HMAS J3) was a J-class submarine operated by the Royal Navy and later the Royal Australian Navy. After the war, the British Admiralty decided that the best way to protect the Pacific region was with a force of submarines and cruisers. To this end, they offered the six surviving submarines of the J-class to the Royal Australian Navy as gifts. J1 and her sisters were commissioned into the RAN in April 1919, and sailed for Australia on 9 April, in the company of the cruisers Sydney and Brisbane, and the tender Platypus. The flotilla reached Thursday Island on 29 June, and Sydney on 10 July. Because of the submarines' condition after the long voyage, they were immediately taken out of service for refits. Apart from local exercises and a 1921 visit to Tasmania, the submarines saw little use, and by June 1922, the cost of maintaining the boats and deteriorating economic conditions saw the six submarines decommissioned and marked for disposal.The wreck of JR can still be seen off Swan Bay2 propellers from the J3 submarine 'HMAS Reaper'j3, j class submarines, hmas reaper -
Wodonga & District Historical Society IncDecorative object - Bead and Snake bone necklace, Fred Walker, c1930
... He travelled much of the east coast of Australia until the economic conditions improved, when he settled in Melbourne. ...He travelled much of the east coast of Australia until the economic conditions improved, when he settled in Melbourne. ...These beads were made by Fred Walker, then of Wodonga, during the Depression. He created them to make additional income when work was scarce. They were sold for 3 shillings per necklace. The snakes he caught were boiled to separate the flesh from the bones. After saturating the market in Wodonga, Fred and a friend took to the road. At one stage they travelled with live snakes which had been de-fanged and kept them alive with frogs until more necklaces were needed. He travelled much of the east coast of Australia until the economic conditions improved, when he settled in Melbourne. After the death of his wife in the mid 1970s, Fred took to the road again, resurrecting the making of snake jewellery as he travelled the countryside. These beads were purchased by Mrs. Lilian Black of Kergunyah, Victoria when Fred Walker visited her family farm in the 1930s.These beads demonstrate enterprising activities carried out by Australian people in order to survive during the Great Depression of the 1930s.A necklace made from black beads and treated snake bones. There are 5 coloured beads in the middle of the necklace.snake jewellery, the great depression, survival during the depression -
Unions BallaratSelect Documents in Australian History 1788-1850, 1950
... Constitutional history 8. Economic and social conditions...Constitutional history 8. Economic and social conditions Constitution, land, economic and social history pertinent to the period 1788-1850. australian history btlc ballarat regional trades and labour council cmh clark manning clark economics social policy crime australian settlement convicts migration lands squatters constitution land Previous owner's name and pencil notes on front page. ...Australian history 1788-1850 Table of contents: 1. The British background 2. The first settlements 3. Transportation 4. Immigration 5. Land policy 6. The squatters 7. Constitutional history 8. Economic and social conditionsConstitution, land, economic and social history pertinent to the period 1788-1850.Hardback; book.Previous owner's name and pencil notes on front page. Cover: authors' names and title.australian history, btlc, ballarat regional trades and labour council, cmh clark, manning clark, economics, social policy, crime, australian settlement, convicts, migration, lands, squatters, constitution, land -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Document - NORMAN OLIVER COLLECTION: NEW YEAR SPEECH NOTES 1951
... This speech is undated but is on the topic of the New Year 1951 and mentions the arrival of Bendigo's Centenary Year and prevailing economic and social conditions in Australia and the world....This speech is undated but is on the topic of the New Year 1951 and mentions the arrival of Bendigo's Centenary Year and prevailing economic and social conditions in Australia and the world. ...The Norman Oliver collection. Norman Oliver was three times Mayor of Bendigo - 1950-51, 1964-65, 1970-71. Eleven pages of typed notes for a speech by Cr Norman Oliver. This speech is undated but is on the topic of the New Year 1951 and mentions the arrival of Bendigo's Centenary Year and prevailing economic and social conditions in Australia and the world.bendigo, council, speech notes, councillor norman oliver. mayor of bendigo 1951-1971. radio station 3bo 'the mayor speaks'. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Newspaper - Bendigo Advertiser Collection: Small Town With Big Hearts Article on Raywood, June 23 1993
... Government costs and changing economic conditions have impacted local employment and services. ...Government costs and changing economic conditions have impacted local employment and services. ...Raywood is portrayed as a close-knit, self-reliant rural community where local businesses and residents play a central role in sustaining town life. Residents take initiative, such as managing the swimming pool access themselves and seeking new financial services after the local bank agency closed. Local businesses adapt to challenges, like the butcher expanding to home deliveries to stay afloat. The butcher's shop, pub, general store, and newsagency are central to daily life and social interaction.Business owners, such as Ron the butcher and Stewie the shopkeeper, are deeply invested in the town's survival and continuity. The closure of the Commonwealth Bank agency was met with community resolve to prove their independence. Young people increasingly spend money outside town, posing a challenge to local commerce. Government costs and changing economic conditions have impacted local employment and services. Residents participate in school councils, volunteer firefighting, and community organizations. The town school remains a focal point, with about 80 pupils and hopes to avoid closure or change. Despite hardships, such as floods and fires, residents like Dennis and Jill O'Gorman (publicans) and the Neate family remain committed to Raywood.Long-term residents, like Stewie, emphasize the importance of keeping both their businesses and the town alive. Raywood's story highlights the importance of local initiative, adaptability, and strong community ties in maintaining rural town life. Northern United Football Club won four consecutive premierships, but some locals feel these victories were tainted because the club paid high prices to attract top players from Bendigo.When the financial support ended, these players left, leaving the club without a strong foundation or new local talent. The club struggled after the departure of paid players, lacking reliable and affordable local players. A drought period followed, with Northern United going two years without a win. The club recently celebrated a rare victory, only its second in two-and-a-half years, which brought great joy to the community. The town now values these hard-earned wins more than the earlier, expensive premierships.Small Towns With Big Hearts Ravenswood. Series of photos and information about Raywood. Pictures by Peter Hyett. Written by Wayne Gregson. This item contains the following documents newspaper articles and black and white photos: 8091.606a Part of Page 22, the Bendigo Advertiser Weds Nov 03 1993 8091.606b Part of Page 22, the Bendigo Advertiser Wednesday Nov 03 1993 8091.606c Black and White Photo of Ron the Butcher - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606d Black and White Photo of Beverley Neale, the Post Mistriss - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606e Black and White Elevated view of Raywood and countryside - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606f Black and White General Store and Town Hall - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606g Black and White Photo of Sign Posts - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606h Black and White Photo of Stewie McGregor Store-keeper - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606i Black and White Photo of Dennis and Jill O'Gorman Publicans of the Raywood Hotel - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606j Black and White Photo of an old cart behind a fence - Contact BHS for Detailsnewspaper, bendigo advertiser, raywood -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Slide - Images by Arthur Pulfer, 1957-1970
... It states that 'The licence of Caralulup Hotel, near Talbot, has been surrendered, thus severing an 80 year association with the district' State Library of Victoria TOLMER GOLD ESCORT ROUTE The gold rush in New South Wales and Victoria left few able miners in South Australia. Bad economic conditions saw more than 15,000 men leave the Kapunda and Burra mines by the end of 1851. ...It states that 'The licence of Caralulup Hotel, near Talbot, has been surrendered, thus severing an 80 year association with the district' State Library of Victoria TOLMER GOLD ESCORT ROUTE The gold rush in New South Wales and Victoria left few able miners in South Australia. Bad economic conditions saw more than 15,000 men leave the Kapunda and Burra mines by the end of 1851. ...Arthur William Pulfer was born on 18 April 1918, in Bendigo, Victoria, Australia, his father, Harold Victor Pulfer, was 30 and his mother, Elsie Maud Rumball, was 26. He married Norma Stewart in Bendigo, Victoria, Australia. He died on 6 March 2001, in his hometown, at the age of 82, and was buried in the Bendigo Cemetery. ROSEVIEW 407 High Street, Golden Square Bendigo "Roseview" was designed by Godfrey Eathorne and constructed in 1939. It is one of the few Streamline Moderne houses in the Central Goldfields region, and was one of the earliest constructed in the Bendigo region. It is an outstanding example of this style of housing. It resembles an ocean liner, and reflects the emphasis on the streamlining of methods of transportation. It utilizes both flat and curved surfaces and has little external ornamentation. The use of materials such as rounded glass windows and metal window and door frames reflects an innovative approach to construction consistent with the style. "Roseview" was constructed on a large scale, with large and spacious rooms. It reflects the prominent social status and wealth of the original owner, together with the desire for a building in 'the latest' style which was sure to attract attention and prominence in the region. It has been maintained largely in original condition. CARALULUP HOTEL 'The Sun' dated January 17, 1941 on the back. It states that 'The licence of Caralulup Hotel, near Talbot, has been surrendered, thus severing an 80 year association with the district' State Library of Victoria TOLMER GOLD ESCORT ROUTE The gold rush in New South Wales and Victoria left few able miners in South Australia. Bad economic conditions saw more than 15,000 men leave the Kapunda and Burra mines by the end of 1851. Alexander Tolmer, Commissioner of Police in 1852 proposed that the gold won by South Australians should be brought back to South Australia under an escort consisting of only a few men. In March a Gold Escort was on its way back to Adelaide with almost 6,000 ounces of gold for the vaults of the Treasury Building. After this successful trip Tolmer led two other escorts before handing over his duties. A total of eighteen gold escorts were made, the last one during November and December 1853 when Inspector Wyndham was in charge. You’ll find Gold Escort Route Monuments between Meningie, Coonalpyn and Tintinara.Many images from by Arthur Pulfer copied to slides. Twenty Slides of Bendigo: 7795.5a Market Gardens - possibly North Bendigo 7795.5b North Deborah Mine photo taken from Breen Street 1958 7795.5c Laying the track to get the engine into the park, looking down Mitchell Street Bendigo 7795.5d R766 in the Victorian Railways Institute Park Railway Place Bendigo 7795.5e On the Methodist Church Steps Arnold street Bendigo 7795.5f Caralulup Hotel near Talbot Victoria 7795.5g Miner's Hut at Moliagul 7795.5h Tolmer's Gold Route Victoria to South Australia 7795.5i Basket Lunch - White Hills Botanical Gardens - St johns 100 year celebrations 7795.5j White Hills Swimming Pool February 1970 7795.5k White Hills Botanical Gardens Bendigo 7795.5l Bendigo Show Parade 1958 7795.5n Bullens Circus Bendigo February 1966 7795.5o The old Lockup Eaglehawk Bendigo September 1967 7795.5p The old Golden Gully Hotel Diamond Hill Road, Bendigo 7795.5q Roseview Pethards Home 407 High Street Golden Square Bendigo 25th March 1957 7795.5r House - possibly on the Midland Highway Epsom, Bendigo - 8 April 1955 7795.5s The Big Tree Sedgwick Road March 1972 7795.5t Kangaroo Flat Bus Lines mini bus 7795.5m The Arrival of the Cobb and Co Coach in Bendigo September 1963 7795.5n Bullens Circus Bendigo February 1966 - two elephants walking along the Bendigo Creekhistory, bendigo, james lerk collection, golden square high school, dragon loong, white hill botanical gardens, 407 high street bendigo, r766 engine, bullens circus, caralulup, moligual, bendigo show, tolmer's gold route, kangaroo flat bus lines, eaglehawk lockup, arnold street methodist church, elephants, arthur pulfer -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and VillageFunctional object - Lead Ingot, circa 1878
... Demand for building materials in the gold and wool rich Colony of Victoria was high in the 1870s, and much of the LOCH ARD cargo was intended for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, which was another example of buoyant economic conditions. In the nineteenth century lead was valued for its density (high ratio of weight to volume), flexibility (relative softness for working into shape), and durability (corrosion resistant and waterproofing properties). ...Demand for building materials in the gold and wool rich Colony of Victoria was high in the 1870s, and much of the LOCH ARD cargo was intended for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, which was another example of buoyant economic conditions. In the nineteenth century lead was valued for its density (high ratio of weight to volume), flexibility (relative softness for working into shape), and durability (corrosion resistant and waterproofing properties). ...This lead ingot was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in January 2015 by local residents who discovered the ingot in their garden after they purchased the property about 12 months ago The LOCH ARD cargo manifest lists “Pig lead 50 tons” comprising “944 pig and 37 rolls”. Subsequent classification has rendered this section of cargo as “Lead Ballast”. This could be true. The international price per ton of lead ore plunged from a high point of £17 in 1853 to a low of £8 in 1882. The cheaper price of lead at the time of the vessel’s loading in early 1878 may have meant it was considered as an alternative to other ballast material (traditionally stone) for the journey to Melbourne. Loch Line ships generally returned to Britain laden with Australian wool. Even though wool bales were “screwed in” to the hold to less than half their “pressed weight”, they still made an awkwardly light cargo for the passage around the Horn. The concentrated weight of lead pigs along the keel line would help steady and centre the ship, and perhaps the artefacts in this case were to be retained for this purpose, rather than being sold on to the ready colonial market. However this is conjecture. Demand for building materials in the gold and wool rich Colony of Victoria was high in the 1870s, and much of the LOCH ARD cargo was intended for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, which was another example of buoyant economic conditions. In the nineteenth century lead was valued for its density (high ratio of weight to volume), flexibility (relative softness for working into shape), and durability (corrosion resistant and waterproofing properties). It was used for pipes and water tanks, roof flashing and guttering, window sealing and internal plumbing. Many large private residences and new public buildings were at planning or construction stage in the colony during this period. The LOCH ARD lead ingots could equally have been destined for this ready market. HISTORY OF THE LOCH ARD The LOCH ARD belonged to the famous Loch Line which sailed many ships from England to Australia. Built in Glasgow by Barclay, Curdle and Co. in 1873, the LOCH ARD was a three-masted square rigged iron sailing ship. The ship measured 262ft 7" (79.87m) in length, 38ft (11.58m) in width, 23ft (7m) in depth and had a gross tonnage of 1693 tons. The LOCH ARD's main mast measured a massive 150ft (45.7m) in height. LOCH ARD made three trips to Australia and one trip to Calcutta before its final voyage. LOCH ARD left England on March 2, 1878, under the command of Captain Gibbs, a newly married, 29 year old. She was bound for Melbourne with a crew of 37, plus 17 passengers and a load of cargo. The general cargo reflected the affluence of Melbourne at the time. On board were straw hats, umbrella, perfumes, clay pipes, pianos, clocks, confectionary, linen and candles, as well as a heavier load of railway irons, cement, lead and copper. There were items included that intended for display in the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. The voyage to Port Phillip was long but uneventful. At 3am on June 1, 1878, Captain Gibbs was expecting to see land and the passengers were becoming excited as they prepared to view their new homeland in the early morning. But LOCH ARD was running into a fog which greatly reduced visibility. Captain Gibbs was becoming anxious as there was no sign of land or the Cape Otway lighthouse. At 4am the fog lifted. A man aloft announced that he could see breakers. The sheer cliffs of Victoria's west coast came into view, and Captain Gibbs realised that the ship was much closer to them than expected. He ordered as much sail to be set as time would permit and then attempted to steer the vessel out to sea. On coming head on into the wind, the ship lost momentum, the sails fell limp and LOCH ARD's bow swung back. Gibbs then ordered the anchors to be released in an attempt to hold its position. The anchors sank some 50 fathoms - but did not hold. By this time LOCH ARD was among the breakers and the tall cliffs of Mutton Bird Island rose behind the ship. Just half a mile from the coast, the ship's bow was suddenly pulled around by the anchor. The captain tried to tack out to sea, but the ship struck a reef at the base of Mutton Bird Island, near Port Campbell. Waves broke over the ship and the top deck was loosened from the hull. The masts and rigging came crashing down knocking passengers and crew overboard. When a lifeboat was finally launched, it crashed into the side of LOCH ARD and capsized. Tom Pearce, who had launched the boat, managed to cling to its overturned hull and shelter beneath it. He drifted out to sea and then on the flood tide came into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. He swam to shore, bruised and dazed, and found a cave in which to shelter. Some of the crew stayed below deck to shelter from the falling rigging but drowned when the ship slipped off the reef into deeper water. Eva Carmichael had raced onto deck to find out what was happening only to be confronted by towering cliffs looming above the stricken ship. In all the chaos, Captain Gibbs grabbed Eva and said, "If you are saved Eva, let my dear wife know that I died like a sailor". That was the last Eva Carmichael saw of the captain. She was swept off the ship by a huge wave. Eva saw Tom Pearce on a small rocky beach and yelled to attract his attention. He dived in and swam to the exhausted woman and dragged her to shore. He took her to the cave and broke open case of brandy which had washed up on the beach. He opened a bottle to revive the unconscious woman. A few hours later Tom scaled a cliff in search of help. He followed hoof prints and came by chance upon two men from nearby Glenample Station three and a half miles away. In a state of exhaustion, he told the men of the tragedy. Tom returned to the gorge while the two men rode back to the station to get help. By the time they reached LOCH ARD Gorge, it was cold and dark. The two shipwreck survivors were taken to Glenample Station to recover. Eva stayed at the station for six weeks before returning to Ireland, this time by steamship. In Melbourne, Tom Pearce received a hero's welcome. He was presented with the first gold medal of the Royal Humane Society of Victoria and a £1000 cheque from the Victorian Government. Concerts were performed to honour the young man's bravery and to raise money for those who lost family in the LOCH ARD disaster. Of the 54 crew members and passengers on board, only two survived: the apprentice, Tom Pearce and the young woman passenger, Eva Carmichael, who lost all of her family in the tragedy. Ten days after the LOCH ARD tragedy, salvage rights to the wreck were sold at auction for £2,120. Cargo valued at £3,000 was salvaged and placed on the beach, but most washed back into the sea when another storm developed. The wreck of LOCH ARD still lies at the base of Mutton Bird Island. Much of the cargo has now been salvaged and some was washed up into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. Cargo and artefacts have also been illegally salvaged over many years before protective legislation was introduced. One of the most unlikely pieces of cargo to have survived the shipwreck was a Minton porcelain peacock - one of only nine in the world. The peacock was destined for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. It had been well packed, which gave it adequate protection during the violent storm. Today, the Minton peacock can be seen at the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum in Warrnambool. From Australia's most dramatic shipwreck it has now become Australia's most valuable shipwreck artefact and is one of very few 'objects' on the Victorian State Heritage Register. The shipwreck of the LOCH ARD is of State significance ― Victorian Heritage Register S417 Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. Lead ingots (sometimes referred to as ‘lead ballast’ or ‘lead pigs), salvaged from the wreck of the LOCH ARD. Grey metal bars with flat base, rising in a curved moulded shape to form a smooth rounded upper face. The imprint of the maker runs along the upper surface in clearly legible capital lettering (height 3cm). Durable and heavy, with some marine staining, but in good condition. Stamped along curved surface, within oval border, "PONTIFEX & WOOD LONDON."flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, loch line, loch ard, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, lead pigs, lead ingots, lead ballast, pontifex and wood, london, lead smelters -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyDress Knitted
... Kiewa Valley Historical Society Mount Beauty Information Centre 31 Bogong High Plains Rd Mt Beauty high-country This dress was possibly manufactured by a local seamstress in the period circa early 1900.The quality of the dress suggests that the lady who wore it was from middle to upper range of the socio-economic structure within the Kiewa Valley Historically this item dating in the early 1900s was made by a very competent seamstress (lack of manufacturer's label). It demonstrates that the conditions ...This dress was possibly manufactured by a local seamstress in the period circa early 1900.The quality of the dress suggests that the lady who wore it was from middle to upper range of the socio-economic structure within the Kiewa ValleyHistorically this item dating in the early 1900s was made by a very competent seamstress (lack of manufacturer's label). It demonstrates that the conditions of relative isolation within the Kiewa Valley was not extreme and that local manufacture of clothing items were available and at a very high level of quality. This item demonstrates that the hand made era was alive and an essential part of community/social adhesion within the valley.Beige knitted dress, sleeveless ladies pin weaved running from waist to bottom. Fine pin weave from bust to waist. Two mother of pearl buttons fastening opening front neck 11cm from neck to upper breastno manufacturer's label suggesting manufacturer was a very talented local seamstress costume, woollen, knitted, dress, female clothing -
The Beechworth Burke MuseumAudio - Oral History, Jennifer Williams, Mrs Sheila Parkinson, 3 January 2000
... conditions and treatments improved as a result of increased government funding of services and advances in psychiatry and pharmaceutical medicine. Mrs Sheila Parkinson's oral history recording is historically and socially significant for its witness to life in Beechworth in the pre- and post-WWII period. Sheila's story enriches our understanding of processes of modernisation with regard to psychiatric and welfare services, while the course of Sheila's professional training and employment brings attention to systemic and socio-economic barriers faced by women, as well as the valuable contribution women and migrants make in the delivery of care and ancillary services. ...Mrs Sheila Parkinson was born in Wagga in 1916 and came to Beechworth as a young woman around 1938. Sheila trained as a psychiatric nurse at Mayday Hills hospital prior to the second World War. At that time, unmarried women were accommodated and received nursing training on-site. Shiela was obliged to cease professional training and employment when she married in 1941, which disrupted completion of her final nursing examinations. Following post-war changes to the law that allowed married women to work, Sheila returned to Mayday Hills. Sheila's husband, Don, returned to Beechworth after four years abroad as a serviceman in the Australian Air Force. Beechworth's institutions were a major source of local employment throughout the twentieth century. As well as providing limited employment opportunities to young women like Shiela, post-war European migrants from Bonegilla Migrant camp found at Mayday Hills, encouraging European migrant settlement in the district. Mayday Hills was renamed several times since its establishment in 1867. At the peak of operations, it comprised sixty-seven buildings housing over twelve hundred patients patients and five hundred staff. The hospital officially closed in 1998. Today, the decommissioned two-storey Italianate style main building stands on eleven hectares of botanical gardens under National Trust protection. The site remains a popular cultural heritage destination for visitors. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. The cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Employed as a psychiatric nurse at one of Beechworth's large welfare institutions, Mayday Hills, Mrs Sheila Parkinson recalls the conditions faced by staff and patients at the hospital, which cared for chronically ill people from the Ovens region and patients from the Yarra Bend Asylum, Melbourne, which closed in 1925. When Sheila first began her nurse training, Mayday Hills suffered from a lack of resources and rudimentary facilities and patients frequently suffered from the cold due to poor heating and inadequate clothing and bedding. However, as the twentieth century progressed, Sheila recalls how conditions and treatments improved as a result of increased government funding of services and advances in psychiatry and pharmaceutical medicine. Mrs Sheila Parkinson's oral history recording is historically and socially significant for its witness to life in Beechworth in the pre- and post-WWII period. Sheila's story enriches our understanding of processes of modernisation with regard to psychiatric and welfare services, while the course of Sheila's professional training and employment brings attention to systemic and socio-economic barriers faced by women, as well as the valuable contribution women and migrants make in the delivery of care and ancillary services. This oral history account is socially and historically significant as it is a part of a broader collection of interviews conducted by Jennifer Williams which were published in the book 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth-century Beechworth.' While the township of Beechworth is known for its history as a gold rush town, these accounts provide a unique insight into the day-to-day life of the town's residents during the twentieth century, many of which would have been lost if they had not been preserved.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.Mrs Sheila Parkinson /twentieth century beechworth, mayday hills, psychiatric care, benevolent asylums, nursing, wwii, psychiatric treatment, country women, psychiatric hostpital, beechworth's institutions, local employment, government institutions, listen to what they say, oral history, burke museum, sheila parkinson, beechworth lunatic asylum, beechworth mental hospital, beechworth hospital for the insane, the kerferd clinic, bonegilla migrant camp, working women, white australia policy -
The Beechworth Burke MuseumAudio - Oral History, Jennifer Williams, Mavis Jensen, 11 May 2000
... economic struggles, and women's societal roles in a rural area. Her oral history is particularly significant for its insights into developments in psychiatric patient treatment and care in regional Victoria, as well as women's work conditions in the mid-twentieth century. ...Mavis Jensen (nee Knight) was born in Broadford in 1920 and came to Beechworth with her family a year later, so her father could assist his father at Knight's Blacksmith at 1A Camp Street, where the Hotel Nicholas is now located. Mavis Jensen left school at the age of 13 and worked as a kitchen maid at Ovens Benevolent Asylum. She was employed as a ward assistant at Mayday Hills Hospital from 1939 to 1980, except for 1958-59 when she gave birth to her son, Noel. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Mavis Jensen's account of her life in Beechworth and the local area during the 20th century is historically and socially significant to the cultural heritage of the region. She details important historical events and hardships in the region's history that had a lasting local, regional and national impact, including Australia during war time, economic struggles, and women's societal roles in a rural area. Her oral history is particularly significant for its insights into developments in psychiatric patient treatment and care in regional Victoria, as well as women's work conditions in the mid-twentieth century. This oral history account is socially and historically significant as it is a part of a broader collection of interviews conducted by Jennifer Williams which were published in the book 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth-century Beechworth.' While the township of Beechworth is known for its history as a gold rush town, these accounts provide a unique insight into the day-to-day life of the town's residents during the 20th century, many of which will have now been lost if they had not been preserved.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.Mavis Jensen /listen to what they say, beechworth, oral history, burke museum, jensen, mavis jensen, psychiatric hospitals, mid-twentieth century psychiatry, regional hospitals, regional mental health care, mid-twentieth century women's working conditions, mayday hills hospital., ovens benevolent asylum, beechworth hospital history -
The Beechworth Burke MuseumAudio - Oral History, Jennifer Williams, Mr Bill Gerrard, 10 August 2000
... He recounts aspects of community life and working conditions in Beechworth, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, as well as conditions for staff and patients at Mayday Hills Hospital where his wife worked during that period. His story also provides insights into economic hardhsip and the role of voluntary fundraising in the Beechworth community. ...Bill Gerrard was born in Albury in 1934 and moved to Beechworth in 1960 when his wife was employed as a nurse at Mayday Hills Hospital, later becoming nurse-in-charge. Gerrard first worked for the local railway and then as a taxi driver in Beechworth, and was involved in volunteer fund-raising activities such as raffles for charitable causes. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Mr Bill Gerrard's account of his life in Beechworth and the local area during the mid-to-late 20th century is historically and socially significant to the cultural heritage of the region. He recounts aspects of community life and working conditions in Beechworth, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, as well as conditions for staff and patients at Mayday Hills Hospital where his wife worked during that period. His story also provides insights into economic hardhsip and the role of voluntary fundraising in the Beechworth community. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.Mr Bill Gerrard /listen to what they say, beechworth, oral history, burke museum, bill gerrard, mayday hills hospital, taxi driver, beechworth railway, religion, beechworth 1960s, beechworth 1970s, social welfare, community cohesion, twentieth-century working conditions, twentieth-century regional victoria, hibernian hotel, fund-raising -
Greensborough Historical SocietyBook - Atlas, Victoria. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne atlas, 2006_
... economic and cultural aspects of Melbourne which can be used in planning. It contains maps and graphs depicting many aspects of life in Melbourne. A snapshot of life in Melbourne in 2006. melbourne maps town planning social conditions Various paging, text, illus., colour maps. ...The purpose of the Melbourne Atlas is to give a spatial view of physical , environmental, social, economic and cultural aspects of Melbourne which can be used in planning. It contains maps and graphs depicting many aspects of life in Melbourne. A snapshot of life in Melbourne in 2006.Various paging, text, illus., colour maps. Wire binding.melbourne, maps, town planning, social conditions -
Alfred Hospital Nurses League - Nursing History CollectionBook - Illustrated book, Peter Yule, The Royal Children's Hospital: a history of faith science and love, 1999
... As well as the hospitals history, the book provides insight into the social and economic conditions in Victoria in the late 19th and early 20th century. ...An insight into the origins and development of the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Opening in 1870 with six rooms as "the Melbourne Free Hospital for Sick Children, it has grown into a major paediatric institution. As well as the hospitals history, the book provides insight into the social and economic conditions in Victoria in the late 19th and early 20th century.Illustrated book with dust jacket. Book is bound in dark green material, with title authors name and publishers mark print ed in gilt on spine. Dust jacket is black and gold in colour, with a coloured photo of newborn baby lying on adult hand on front cover. Title and author's name on front cover, also on spine with the addition of the publisher's mark. On the back cover is the RCH coat of arms.non-fictionAn insight into the origins and development of the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Opening in 1870 with six rooms as "the Melbourne Free Hospital for Sick Children, it has grown into a major paediatric institution. As well as the hospitals history, the book provides insight into the social and economic conditions in Victoria in the late 19th and early 20th century.royal children's hospital (melbourne), paediatrics-victoria-history
