Portrait of Cpl Marcus Wakely b. 1890 from Yenda NSW part of the garrison at Hay Internment Camp. Sketched while Hofmann was in Camp Hospital, Hay, NSW. 1941.Photocopy of a sketch. Portrait of a soldier in uniform.Robert Hofmann March 41garrison, robert hofmann, wakley, hay

HAY NSW HAY N.S.W.hay, new south wales

Printed on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the arrival in Australia. Interviews with 69 of the original Dunera men and their families done by 15 Hay students from Hay War Memorial School.Light blue covered folio side bound in black. Contains 70 pages of printed text and photos. Black and white picture on cover. Title in black ink above picture. Black taped spine.The Dunera Tapes Conversations on a Windy Day in Hayhay internment camp, 50th anniversary of dunera arrival, hay war memorial school, internment camp interviews, peter alsberg, paul altmann, max arnott, herbert barber, michael brent, gerald cunningham, peter danziger, reinhold eckfield, peter feistmann, adi felder, henry felder, john fletcher, werner frank, fred freitag, ernest green, john gresham, dennis goodman, frank heymann, horst jacobs, ernie katz, walter kaufmann, jimmy king, heinz kuehlenthal, george lederer, kurt leiser, kurt lewinski, hans loewe, franz menzel, rudi meth, albert meyer, martin moore, fred parkinson, fred reich, howard rickenberg, ernest rodeck, max rubinsohn, fren schonbach, ernest schonfeld, henry seaman, martin shelton, mike sondheim, ralph stern, george strauss, henry teltscher, roy thalheimer, herbert treidel, harry unger, fred warschauer, harold weinberg, mendel weisser, victor wieselmann, walter weyl, ernst wolf, christoph wolkenstein, oswald wolkenstein

The original sketches were used by the Tatura Museum for an exhibition c.1997, and were photographed before their return to Wittenberg's nephew, who verbally approved of the use of these copies for any purpose by the Society.Four A4 photographs of colour sketches mounted in a timber frame with glass front. Photo of sketches displaying life on the "Dunera" barracks, bunks and toilet facilities in the internment camps.The "Dunera" Story, Sketches by Emil Wittenberg."dunera", hay internment camp, internment camps, tatura, camp 2, world war ii, emil wittenberg

Designed by Dunera internee, Teltscher, and printed by Riverine grazier at Hay internment campFacsmilie. Encapsulated/laminated bank note to the value of six pence, with blue colour design(s) on white background with black printing. Features emblem of kangaroo, emu and merino ram above banner of the words "Camp seven bank". Display in plastic stand frameC41937, Printed on back of bank note "This note is valid only within the boundaries of Camp 7 Internment Camp Hay" "The bank is under no obligation to honour this note if presented by holder outside the Camp".tatura, numismatics, notes

Copies of 6 sketches done by Reinhold Eckfeld whilst an internee in camps 9 and 10 at Hay NSW. He was also on the Dunera.Collection of 6 copies of sketches done in pencil and laminated. 1 - Pencil sketch of Rudi Laqeur and Hans Abarbanell 2 - Pencil sketch of Michael Ritterman, Heinz Oschinski and Hans Feder (sketches 2 and 3 were joined together) 3 - Pencil sketch looking through 3 rows of barbed wire to trees beyond 4 - Pencil sketch looking through 3 rows of barbed wire at a different view point to no 3 5 - Pencil sketch of inside hut 39 Hay, front corner with bunks on left hand side 6 - Pencil sketch of two of the mess huts and other huts at Hay and some of the gardenhans feder, michael rittermann, heinz oschinski, internment camps new south wales, hans abarbanell, rudi laqeur, hay internment camp, dunera internees

Certificate of Internment x 2; Deed poll; Certificate of Naturalization; Certificate of Discharge. Ludwig EICHBAUM was an refugee from England who was sent to Australia on HMT Dunera and interned in Hay NSW and then Tatura Victoria.5 documents in 4 plastic sleeves pertaining to Ludwig 00 (later known as Leslie Ernest EVERETT). certificate of internment, certificate of naturalization, certificate of discharge, deed poll, ludwig eichbaum, leslie ernest everett, hay internment camp, tatura internment camp, hmt dunera

1389 Trooper Samuel Mensford of Hay NSW. The 13th Light Horse Regiment (AIF) was raised at Broadmeadows Victoria in March 1915. Following service at Gallipoli the regiment was broken up with squadrons going to France as Divisional Cavalry Squadrons of 2nd, 4th and 5ht Divisions. The regiment was reformed as firstly 1st Anzac Corps Mounted Troops and lather Australian Corps Mounted Troops. Black and white photograph of Trooper S Mensford 13th Light Horse, mounted on his horse. He is holding his rifle and is wearng a steel helmet." 13 ALH Trooper France 1917 "world war one, wwi, mensford, 13th, light horse

Letters enclosed within cardboard enclosures. Written on outside ' Air Mail, 'Flown Covers' R.K. Munro, 63 Pyke Street, Bendigo, Vic. Aus.' Stamped underneath stamp 'booking agents for Australian Aerial Services Ltd. Per Aerial Mail'. Airmail Envelopes sundry addresses : 9 addressed to Wilkinson & Lavender, Melbourne - from Hay, NSW. (no contents); 1 addressed to K Munro c/o Box 808J GPO Melbourne - contains 3 used 3d. Stamps (Airmail Service). Stamped on back of one envelope: Wilkinson & Lavender Ltd., Riverina Office, Hay, N.S.W. Auctioneers, Stock & Station Agents, Sydney & Hay. Date 10 May, 1929, stamped on back of envelope.communication, postal, airmail

This album is one of three albums compiled and owned by J W Allen, Secretary of New South Wales Grazier's, and is associated with the New South Wales Graziers Association world tour of sheep 1928-1929. This album contains photographs of travel, sheep, farms, stations, people and landscapes from around the world. Locations include Warren (NSW), Molong (NSW), Gamboola (NSW), Forbes (NSW), Hay (NSW), Conargo (NSW), Mokine (WA), New Zealand, Hawke's Bay, Southland, Lyttleton Harbour, Rotorua, Christchurch, Lincoln, Banks Peninsula, Akaroa, Pigeon Bay, Darfield, Rakahuri, Kaiwara, Highbank, Lake Heron, Mt Somers, Otago, Moa Flat, Waimahaka, Tarras, Moeraki and Blenheim. Properties depicted include Haddonrig, Egelabra, Bundemar, Redbank, Wandary, Tubbo Station, Coonong Station, Boonoke Station, Wanganella Estate, Yoorooga Estate, Taruna Farm, Harpenden Wool Works, Keppoch Estate, Bushey Park, Morven Downs, Meadowbank, Te Apiti and Penrose Farm. The album was found in a clean out at the Great Southern Agricultural Research Institute and donated to the National Wool Museum, along with other related material such as photographs, glass lantern slides and ephemera.Photo album with card cover and silk string binding. Inside are twenty four pages of brown carded paper with black and white photos and hand written black text. A white piece of paper with hand written text has been added to the inside front page.new south wales graziers association, world tour, sheep, farm, rural, agriculture, travel, new zealand, warren, molong, gamboola, forbes, hay, conargo, mokine, hawke's bay, southland, lyttleton, rotorua, christchurch, lincoln, banks peninsula, akoroa, pigeon bay, darfield, rakahuri, kaiwara, highbank, lake heron, mt somers, otago, moa flat, waimahaka, tarras, moeraki, blenheim, haddonrig, egelabra, bundemar, redbank, wandary, tubbo station, coonong station, boonoke station, wanganella estate, yoorooga estate, taruna farm, harpenden wool works, keppoch estate, bushey park, morven downs, meadowbank, te apiti, penrose farm

This photograph was found loose in the third of three albums compiled and owned by J W Allen, Secretary of New South Wales Grazier's, and is associated with the New South Wales Graziers Association world tour of sheep 1928-1929. The album contains photographs of travel, sheep, farms, stations, people and landscapes from around the world. Locations include Warren (NSW), Molong (NSW), Gamboola (NSW), Forbes (NSW), Hay (NSW), Conargo (NSW), Mokine (WA), New Zealand, Hawke's Bay, Southland, Lyttleton Harbour, Rotorua, Christchurch, Lincoln, Banks Peninsula, Akaroa, Pigeon Bay, Darfield, Rakahuri, Kaiwara, Highbank, Lake Heron, Mt Somers, Otago, Moa Flat, Waimahaka, Tarras, Moeraki and Blenheim. Properties depicted include Haddonrig, Egelabra, Bundemar, Redbank, Wandary, Tubbo Station, Coonong Station, Boonoke Station, Wanganella Estate, Yoorooga Estate, Taruna Farm, Harpenden Wool Works, Keppoch Estate, Bushey Park, Morven Downs, Meadowbank, Te Apiti and Penrose Farm. The album was found in a clean out at the Great Southern Agricultural Research Institute and donated to the National Wool Museum, along with other related material such as photographs, glass lantern slides and ephemera.Black and white image showing two sheep in a field.Back: [handwritten] Low, Highbank / Border ♀♀ / [printed] 68world tour, sheep, graziers, photograph, border leicester sheep

75 blue envelopes addressed to Messrs Wilkinson & Lavender Ltd, Box 848J GPO Melbourne Victoria 3001. Sent from Hay NSW (The Riverina Office of Wilkinson & Lavender). Letters are enclosed within two pieces of brown cardboard, secured with an elastic band. Written on outside of cardboard ' Air Mail Flown Covers. R.K. Munro, 63 Pyke Street, Bendigo, Vic. Aus' 'By Air Mail' sticker affixed alongside name and address. Various postage stamp denominations on envelopes; 1p, 11/2p, 3p, (King George V), 3p (air mail service), 11/2p (1929 Centenary of Western Australia), and A.A.S. Ltd stamp*. No contents in envelopes. Cancellation marks on stamps. Items collected by R. K. Munro, 63 Pyke Bendigo Victoria 3550. Wilkinson & Lavender were Stock & Station Agents and Airline agents for A.A.S Ltd. R. K. Munro was employed by Wilkinson Lavender in 1929/30? *Australian Aerial Services Ltd - featuring a winged messenger.Wilkinson & Lavender Stock & Station Agents, Airline Agents for Australian.Aerial.Services Ltdaviation, civilian, air mail envelopes within aust., basil watson collection.

The photograph, taken in the 1890s, shows sailing ships and a wreck in Lady Bay, Warrnambool. Lady Bay was once a very busy port of trade in Warrnambool and was also called the Port of Warrnambool or Warrnambool Harbour. ENTERPRISE (1847-1850) NOTE: The “Enterprise” wrecked in 1850 in Warrnambool should not be confused with John Pascoe Faulkner’s ‘Enterprise’, which was wrecked in NSW in 1847. The 58-ton schooner Enterprise was built by David Hay in Waiheke, New Zealand in 1847 and registered by owners John Watson and Edward Byam in Melbourne, Australia. She was a single-deck sailing ship with two masts, used for carrying cargo such as local agricultural produce and general commodities between Melbourne and other colonial ports. On September 14th, 1850 the Enterprise had sailed from Melbourne under the control of the ship’s Master, James Gardiner Caught, and was moored in at the Tramway Jetty in Lady Bay, laden with wheat and potatoes. The vessel rode out a south-easterly gale but eventually dragged anchor and was beached, bow first and then broadside. Buckwall, a local indigenous man, braved the heavy surf and reached the stricken vessel with a rescue line, saving all five crew on board. There were no passengers on board. The Enterprise wreck was in an area called Tramway Jetty in Lady Bay. Since then the area has become the location of Lady Bay Hotel and now, in 2019, it is in the grounds of the Deep Blue Apartments. In fact, with the constantly changing coastline through built-up sand, the wreck site is now apparently under the No 2 Caravan Park on Pertobe Road, perhaps 150 metres from the high tide. Its location was found by Ian McKiggan (leader of the various searches in the 1980s for the legendary Mahogany Ship). The Warrnambool Wreck Enterprise is listed on the Victorian Heritage Database VHR S238. DIFFERENTIATING the New Zealand Schooner “Enterprise” from John Fawkner’s “Enterprize“ Dr Murray Johns, Melbourne, says in his article The Mahogany Ship Story, “…the Enterprise, wrecked in Lady Bay, Warrnambool in 1850 ... was soon covered by sand but was exposed again after several storms in 1887. “Samples of timber were then cut from the wreck, which would then have been buried for 37 years. In November 1887 the Warrnambool Standard reported that “the timber looks sound and hard, a penknife scarcely making any impression.” “For many years there was confusion about the identity of that ship in Lady Bay. Most people believed it was the wreck of John Pascoe Fawkner’s Enterprize, which had sailed from Tasmania to Victoria bringing the pioneer settlers to Melbourne in 1835. “In fact, as I documented in 1985, the Warrnambool wreck was of an entirely different ship, also called Enterprize [Enterprise], but built in New Zealand in 1847. Fawkner’s ship had already been sold to Captain Sullivan in 1845 and was wrecked on the Richmond Pier in northern New South Wales early in 1847. “In 1985 a piece of timber from the local Enterprise, which had been kept at the Warrnambool Museum since 1892, was identified histologically as a New Zealand timber, not Tasmanian timber such as blue gum, from which Fawkner’s Enterprize would have been built in 1830. This confirmed the identity of the Warrnambool Enterprize.”[Dr. M.W. Johns later wrote an article called “The Schooner Enterprise: A Final Word on a Historic Wreck.”] ABOUT THE S S EDINA The three-masted iron screw steamer SS Edina was built in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1854 by Barclay and Curle. She was adorned with the figurehead of the ‘fair maid of Judea’. The many years of service made SS Edina famous worldwide as the longest-serving screw steamer. (The term screw steamer comes from being driven by a single propeller, sometimes called a screw, driven by a steam engine.) SS Edina’s interesting history includes English Chanel runs, serving in the Crimean Ware carrying ammunition, horses and stores to the Black Sea, and further service in the American Civil War and later, serving in the western district of Victoria as well as in Queensland and carried gold, currency and gold prospectors Australia to New Zealand. SS Edina had the privilege of being an escort vessel to H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh during his visit to Australia in 1867. In March 1863 SS Edina arrived in Port Phillip Bay, Melbourne and was bought by Stephen Henty, of Portland fame, to work the cargo and passenger run from Melbourne – Warrnambool – Port Fairy - Portland. After a short time of working the run from Australia to New Zealand, with passengers and cargo that included gold and currency, she returned to her Melbourne - Warrnambool – Port Fairy run, with cargo including bales of wool produced in the western district of Victoria. The Warrnambool Steam Packet Company purchased SS Edina in 1867; she was now commanded by Captain John Thompson and Chief Engineer John Davies. She survived several mishaps at sea, had a complete service and overhaul and several changes of commanders. In 1870 SS Edina was in Lady Bay, Warrnambool, when a gale sprung up and caused a collision with the iron screw steamer SS Dandenong. SS Edina’s figurehead was broken into pieces and it was not ever replaced. SS Edina was re-fitted in 1870 and was then used as a coastal trader in Queensland for a period. She was then brought to Melbourne to carry cargo and passengers between Melbourne and Geelong and performed this service from 1880-1938. During this time (1917) she was again refitted with a new mast, funnel, bridge and promenade deck, altering her appearance. In 1938, after more collisions, SS Edina was taken out of service. However, she was later renamed Dinah and used as a ‘lighter’ (a vessel without an engine or superstructure) to be towed and carry wool and general cargo between Melbourne and Geelong. In 1957, after 104 years, the SS Edina was broken up at Footscray, Melbourne. Remains of SS Edina’s hull can be found in the Maribyrnong River, Port Phillip Bay. This photograph is significant for its association with the screw steamer SS Edina, heritage listed on the Victorian Heritage Database VHR S199. She had endeared herself to the people of Port Phillip Bay as a passenger ferry, part of their history and culture. She played a significant role in the Crimean War, the American Civil War and the gold rush in New Zealand. She also served western Victoria for many years in her cargo and passenger runs. The SS Edina is famous for being the longest-serving screw steamer in the world. After spending her first nine years overseas she arrived in Melbourne and her work included running the essential service of transporting cargo and passengers between Melbourne and the western Victoria ports of Warrnambool, Port Fairy and Portland. The SS Edina was purchased in the late 1860s by the local Warrnambool business, the Warrnambool Steam Packet Co. and continued trading from there as part of the local business community. Her original ‘fair maid of Judea’ figurehead was broken to pieces in a collision with another vessel (the SS Dandenong) in a gale off Warrnambool, Victoria, in 1870. The photograph is significant for its association wreck of the Victorian Heritage Listed schooner Enterprise, VHR S238, being a New Zealand-built but Australian-owned coastal trader. The wreck was also significant for its association with the local indigenous hero, Buckawall, who saved the lives of the five crew on board. Photograph "Vessels in the Bay". Black and white photograph of several vessels in Lady Bay, Warrnambool, including some small vessels and "S.S. Edina", the "Peveril" and "Tommy", plus the remains of the wrecked vessel "Enterprise" in the foreground. Photograph is mounted on beige card with label describing the vessels, plus pencilled vessel names. There are several pin holes in each corner of the photograph. Typed label under the photograph “VESSELS IN THE BAY – “EDINA” “PEREVIL” AND “TOMMY”. / REMAINS OF “THE ENTERPRISE” IN FOREGROUND. (Also crossed out on the label “FIRST VESSEL TO SAIL UP YARRA RIVER). In pencil script above the vessels on the photograph “S.S. Edina”, “Peveril” “Tommy”. On the reverse is a printed sticker with “F-Ph 59/2 74”, red felt-tip pen “88”, green pen script repeating the text that is under the photograph on the front.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, enterprize, port of warrnambool, warrnambool harbour, peveril, tommy, ss edina, lighter dinah, warrnambool steam packet company, lady bay, pleasure steamer, edina, trade, travel, screw ship, coastal trader, cargo, victoria, buckawall, indigenous rescue, indigenous hero

Frame 10. Photo 1. A group of Sergeants on the deck of the Karmala. Jack and Bert were the only Sergeants from the 45th quota from the original Battalion on the Karmala. There were two other Sergeants who had transferred to the 38th, one in Oct 1918, Sgt R. L. Glover from the 37th Batt and Sgt F. Perkins also from the 37th who transferred in April 1919. Both are or should be in the collection of photos. Photo 2. life on deck of the Karmalal. Photo 3. A group of nurses on the Karmala. In the family collection there are two faded sepia photos showing the others not in this negative. The negatives to these are missing. From the War Diary of the Karmala there were ten nurses on the Karmala and there are ten nurses in the photos. There was also the ship's Medical Officer who is hidden in this negative. The ship's S.M.O. was Captain C. P. Rosenthal from the 33rd Batt HQ. The nurses on board were: Sister Sarah Eliza Faulkner (Sydney) S/Nurse Ivy Louisa Robbins (Epping NSW) S/Nurse Edith Agnes Purdon (Bathurst, NSW) Sister Catherine Douglas Graham (Footscray, Vic) Nurse Gladys Webster Jarrett "RRC" (Middle Park, Vic) Nurse Ida Mary Mason (Wodonga, Vic) Nurse Ethel May Mead "RRC" (Elsternwick, Vic) Sister Elizabeth Hamilton O'Reilly (Leitchville, Vic) S/Nurse Janet Hay (Adelaide, SA) Sister Janet Ivy Barron (Ennogerra, Qld) Photo 4. Arriving at Cape Town, South Africa on the way home. Refer Cat No. 5880P for exhibition details. Refer Cat No. 1280 for Jack GRINTON Service Records.Photographs - black and white on paper. 4 photographs top to bottom. 1. Group of soldiers on ship's deck. 2. Crowd of soldiers on ship's deck. 3. Group of nurses on ship's deck. 4. View of a dock. Frame - timber with black colour paint. Glass front. Mount - black colour cardboard. Backing cardboard with handwritten notation.Backing cardboard - handwritten black felt tip pen "10."framed photographs, grinton collection, ww1, 38th

The Grinton Collection. Ships SMO and Nurses on the HMAT Karmala on the way home 1919. SMO Capt. C. P. Rosenthal. (Ships Medical Officer) Nurses include; Sister Sarah Eliza Faulkner (Sydney) S/Nurse Ivy Louisa Robbins (Epping, NSW) S/Nurse Edith Agnes Purdon (Bathurst, NSW) Sister Catherine Douglas Graham (Footscray) Nurse Gladys Webster Jarrett RRC (Middle Park) Nurse Ida Mary Mason (Wodonga) Nurse Ethel May Mead RRC (Elsternwick) Sister Elizabeth Hamilton O'Reilly (Leitchville) S/Nurse Janet Hay (Adelaide) Sister Janet Ivy Barron (Enogerra, Qld). Refer Cat No 1280 for Jack Grintons service details.Photograph framed. Photograph - black and white photograph on paper depicting a group of nurses and a medical officer, all in uniform, in an informal group portrait. Background - ship's superstructure. Frame - Timber, light varnish finish, Perspex front, cardboard backing."Group 5: Quota 45 - Journey Home". "J. Australian nurses and a Medical Officer". framed accesssories, camera on the somme, ww1, 38th bn, grinton, hmat karmala

The following information is from http://melbourneday.com.au/about.html, accessed 30 August 2016 Melbourne was founded on 30 August 1835 by settlers who sailed from Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania) aboard the schooner Enterprize. They landed on the north bank of the Yarra River and established the first permanent settlement, close to where the Immigration Museum at the Old Customs House — on the corner of William and Flinders Streets — stands and the place today known as Enterprize Park. Melbourne Day Committee was established to help correct the record about the founding of Melbourne and celebrate its anniversaries. The settlers came from Launceston in search of sheep-grazing land. Land had become expensive and there had long been stories told by whalers and sealers working in Bass Strait of fertile land to the north. This was the southern part of the colony of New South Wales, which the Colonial Government did not want settled at that time. After the Henty family crossed Bass Strait and settled at Portland in 1834 others quickly followed. The north bank was chosen because a small waterfall, or rapids, stopped further progress up the river. The waterfall also separated the tidal movement, providing a vital supply of fresh water. The site had previously been noted by the colony of New South Wales' surveyor, Charles Grimes, in 1803. The north bank also offered more stable, suitable ground. The people of the Kulin nation are the traditional owners of the land that became Melbourne — including the Boonwurrung, Woiwurrung, Taungurung and Djadjawurrung people, who gathered in this place for ceremonies and cultural activities. The topsail schooner Enterprize you see today is a full-size replica of the one that brought the settlers and has become a symbol of Melbourne Day. Her keel was laid at Polly Woodside Maritime Museum in 1991, and the $2.5 million, 27m vessel was launched by Felicity Kennett on 30 August, 1997, at Hobsons Bay. The original ship was bought by John Pascoe Fawkner in April 1835 specifically to search for a suitable place for a settlement in the Port Phillip District. After helping establish Melbourne, the original Enterprize continued operating as a coastal trading vessel for a number of years. She eventually disappeared off the shipping register in 1847, having been wrecked on a sand bar in the Richmond River in northern NSW, with the loss of two lives. The replica is managed by the Enterprize Ship Trust, a not-for-profit organisation. The first settlers were those on board the Enterprize — her crew and passengers. They were John Lancey , master mariner and Fawkner’s representative; Enterprize's captain, Peter Hunter; George Evans, plasterer/builder; carpenters William Jackson and Robert Hay Marr; Evan Evans, George Evans’ servant; and Fawkner’s servants ploughman Charles Wise, general servant Thomas Morgan, blacksmith James Gilbert and his pregnant wife, Mary. And Mary's cat! Enterprize set sail on her historic voyage from Launceston on July 21, 1835, stopping at George Town in northern Tasmania where creditors detained Fawkner. He was therefore not part of the first trip to Melbourne. Enterprize then left on August 1 under the command of captain Hunter. The expedition was led by Lancey, Fawkner's delegate. The party first considered Western Port and the eastern side of Port Phillip for a place to settle, before deciding on the Yarra’s north bank — known today as Enterprize Park. On Sunday, August 30, they disembarked and began to erect shelter, build a store and clear land to grow food, thus starting the permanent European settlement of Melbourne.Image of the fledgling town of Melbourne on the banks of the Yarra River. melbourne, yarra river, john helder wedge

The heavy cast iron, round lid was originally fastened into a large, riveted metal box, known as a ship tank. It has the name ‘John Bellamy London’ cast in capitals in a continuous circle on the outer edge of the lid face, and the words ‘Byng St Millwall’ on the inner circle. , of Millwall, London, manufactured boilers and ship tanks from the 1860s to the 1930s and came from a family of tank makers who began manufacturing tanks some time before 1856. Ship tanks were invented in 1808 by notable engineer, Richard Trevithick and his associate John Dickinson. Their patent obtained the same year described the tank’s superior cubic shape that allowed it to fit squarely as a container in vessels and thus use space efficiently, while its metal fabric preserved and secured its liquid or solid contents from damage. The containers revolutionised the movement of goods by ship and made wooden casks redundant. Research by Michael Pearson has determined that they were carried on passages to Australia from at least the 1830s conveying ships’ victuals and water storage, as well as general goods heading for the colonies. Pearson found photographic evidence of their use in the 1860s, and by the 1870s they appeared to be in common use. lids surviving from containers indicate that nearly all the tanks transported to Australia came from London manufacturers. It was usual for the brand name to also feature as a stencil on the tank but in most cases this eventually wore off. A tank without its original stencil survives at Wilsons Promontory. Tanks transporting ‘drinking water or perishable dry goods were hermetically sealed by the use of the tightly fitting lid with a rubber sealing ring ‘which was screwed tight with the aid of lugs cast into the lid and wedges cast into the rim of the loading hole’. The raised iron rod welded across the outer face of many lids such as the Bellamy example, allowed for screwing the lid tight. Once in the colonies, the ship tanks were often recycled and adapted for many resourceful uses such as packing cases, dog kennels, water tanks, oil containers and food stores and this invariably led to the separation of the lid and tank. The Bellamy lid could have been salvaged from a shipwreck but is more likely to have to have originated from a recycled tank that was brought to the lightstation for water storage purposes. Pearson writes that: Ship tanks show up at a wide range of sites, many of them isolated like lighthouses. They were, I think, usually taken there for the purposes they filled, usually water storage, as they were readily available, relatively light to transport, and probably very cheap to buy as second-hand goods containers. In rural areas they may have been scavenged for their new uses from local stores, to whom goods were delivered in them. Parks Victoria has identified five tank lids in the lightstation collections covered by this project. In addition to the Bellamy lid at Point Hicks, they include a Bow brand lid at Point Hicks and another at Cape Otway, unidentified lids at Cape Otway and Wilsons Promontory. Pearson and Miles Lewis have each recorded two versions of the Bellamy trade name on the lids; one being ‘John Bellamy Byng St. London’; the other, ‘John Bellamy Byng St. Millwall London’. The Point Hicks lid has the second version of the name, as do other examples in Victoria that Lewis has identified at Illawarra, Toorak; Warrock homestead, Casterton; Eeyeuk homestead, Terang; Ward’s Mill, Kyneton; and Boisdale homestead near Maffra, and in NSW at Ayrdale Park, Wolumla; and Bishop’s Lodge, Hay. Pearson’s list includes the same lids in NSW at Tumbarumba; the Quarantine Station, Sydney; Willandra Station; Bedervale, Braidwood; Gunnedah Museum; Walla Walla and Macquarie Island. The Point Hicks lid is currently stored in the lighthouse although it is unlikely that its use had any association with this building. The lid is in good condition and retains the central bung. Pearson notes that ‘surviving lids are far less numerous than the tanks themselves, presumably because the uses to which the tanks were put did not require the lid to be retained’.347 The Bellamy ship tank lid has first level contributory significance for its historic values. Circular cast-iron disc with raised outer ridge with inscription. It also has an inner depression with inscription. Two metal sections form handles over inner depression. Hole in middle of disc.Around perimeter of outer edge "JOHN BELLAMY LONDON" Around inner area "BYNG ST MILLWALL"