Illustrated book. Front cover has two coloured photographs: one is of a group of soldiers with three helicopters about to land (members of 5 platoon B Company 7RAR wait for US Army helicopters waiting to take them back to Nui Dat after completion of Operation Ulmarra) The other is of two women wearing green uniforms and peaked caps holding a baby and standing in front of a building with a corrugated roof (RAANC Margaret Ahern and Terrie Roche with children of Hoa Long village) Title (green and black ink) and author's name (light brown ink) are printed between these photos. This information is printed in similar colours on the spine, along with a small photograph of two women in uniform (RAANC Margaret Ahern and Terrie Roche) and the publisher's name. The back cover has a summary of the book printed below five photographs, nurse (Janice Hilton) with patient; nurse (June Minchow) with patient; man (Phil Badcock) and woman (RAANC Di Lawrence); unidentified nurse with four patients strapped to stretchers inside an RAAF Hercules aircraft; two nurses (Von Clinch and Maureen Spicer) with children (at Bien Hoa provincial hospital). non-fictionWhen Australia joined the Vietnam War, civilian nurses were there to save lives and comfort the wounded. Working incredibly long hours and surrounded by chaos and turmoil, these brave nurses and medics were integral to our war effort. These fifteen stories show a side to the Vietnam War that has received little recognition but played an important part in shaping Australia's presence in the war.royal australian army nursing corps, butterwowth air base, military nursing-australia\military nursing-vietnam, vietnam war 1961-1975-medical care, military hospitals-vietnam, military camps-malaysia, military camps-philippines-clark field

White cover with title printed in green text across the front, subtitle and author's name below in balck and brown print. The top of the cover shows a photo image of a helicopter landing in a field, followed by two more in the distance and soldiers on the ground. Another photo image at the bottom of the cover shows two females in army greens holding a baby. The images and text appears the same way on the spine of the book.non-fictionFrom the bestselling author of Bush Nurses and Nurses of the Outback comes this collection of compelling and moving stories of our heroic nurses in the Vietnam War Being a nurse always requires a cool head, a steady hand and an open heart. But if you're working in a war zone, the challenges are much harder. When Australia joined the Vietnam War, civilian and military nurses were there to save lives and comfort the wounded. With spirit and good humour, they worked hard and held strong, even though most of them were completely unprepared for the war before they landed in the middle of it. Working incredibly long hours and surrounded by chaos and turmoil, these brave nurses and medics were integral to our war effort. These fifteen stories show a side to the Vietnam War that has received little recognition but played an important part in shaping Australia's presence in the war. From flying with critically wounded Australian soldiers out of turbulent war zones, to being held at gunpoint, the compassion, courage and grace under fire in Our Vietnam Nurses will inspire and astound. - from Trove royal australian army nursing corps, vietnam war, military hospitals vietnam, military camps malaysia, military nursing history

1st Australian Field Hospital Vung Tau was part of the 1st Australian Logistics Supprt group based in Vung Tau South Vietnam. Item in the collection of Malcolm Stuart Angus No 3112710, Vietnam.Kit Bag, green colour canvas, 8 eyelets on top with flap and nylon tie cord, a section has been painted white to put details on.(illegible top line) “1 Aust FD Hosp” “Vung Tau”military equipment - kit bag, personal effects- containers, vietnam

Soft ;cover with camp hospital scene on front. Title and author on spine, history of author on back. Pink - white - grey colouring. Illustrated 302 pages. Donated by Bendigo YMCA - front page.books-military-history, essential service-red cross, vietnam

Ill, maps, p.280non-fictionThis inside story of an Australian Field Hospital during the Vietnam War is told through a compilation of operational facts interspersed with the personal experiences of those who served and the patients who passed through the hospital doors, into their care.Call Sign VAMPIRE provides a window into the frenetic world of a military hospital in a war zone through evocative, sometimes confronting imagery. In this environment time was of the essence and life often hung in the balance.vietnam conflict - australian involvement, 1st australian field ambulance

Illustrated book with dust jacket. Book has a marron cover with title, author and publisher's name embossed in gold on the spine. Front and spine of dust jacket has a black and white photograph: sick sisters on Lemnos. Title and authors name in black and red print on front and spinenon-fictionThis book investigates the contradictions, paradoxes and anomalies which have arisen for those assigned the role of army nurse. Financial discrimination saw the female captain in charge of an operating theatre in Vietnam being paid less than a male corporal working with her. Guns have replaced brooches as part of the nurses' uniform, as "total war" increasingly makes a mockery of the distinction between combatants and non-combatants.military nursing-australia, australian army nursing service, nurses, nursing

In this poignant story, Dr. R.G. Wyllie, an Australian physician who worked as a volunteer in Vietnam for six months, relates his experiences and tells the truth of Viet Cong terrorism as he actually saw it.viet cong terror, terrorism - vietnam, dr. r. g. wyllie, australian physician, baker medical research institute, alfred hospital, melbourne, lockwood graham keith, graham lockwood, 3123358, major graham lockwood, royal australian infantry corps, queensland university regiment, citizens military forces (cmf), 9th battalion, the royal australian regiment, cpl (temp) allan thomas burman, 3788209, australian national serviceman, royal australian corps of signals, 581 signal troop, 503 signal troop, 110 signal squadron

In this poignant story, Dr. R. G. Wyllie, an Australian physician who worked as a volunteer in Vietnam for six months, relates his experience and tells the truth of Viet Cong terrorism as he actually saw it.viet cong terror, terrorism - vietnam, dr. r. g. wyllie, australian physician, baker medical research institute, alfred hospital, melbourne, lockwood graham keith, graham lockwood, 3123358, major graham lockwood, royal australian infantry corps, queensland university regiment, citizens military forces (cmf), 9th battalion, the royal australian regiment

In this poignant story, Dr. R.G. Wyllie, an Australian physician who worked as a volunteer in Vietnam for six months, relates his experiences and tells the truth of Viet Cong terrorism as he actually saw it,viet cong terror, terrorism - vietnam, dr. r. g. wyllie, australian physician, baker medical research institute, alfred hospital, melbourne, lockwood graham keith, graham lockwood, 3123358, major graham lockwood, royal australian infantry corps, queensland university regiment, citizens military forces (cmf), 9th battalion, the royal australian regiment

Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection. A black and white photograph of staff and patients at the 1st Australian Field Hospita,l watch patients being medivaced loaded into ambulances for the journey to Vung Tau Military Airfield, to be loaded onto an Australian C130medical transport aircraft for the flight back Australia.photograph, 1st australian field hospital, vung tau, raaf, c130 medivac flight, gibbons collection catalogue, medivac, vung tau airfield, diggers, medical staff, denis gibbons

Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection. A black and white photograph of - In the triage at the 1st Australian Field Hospital, Vung Tau, South vietnam, watched by an Australian Military Policeman, two South Vietnamese Army Intelligence Officers question an enemy female VietCong prisoner while an Australian officer signs a document.photograph, 1st australian field hospital, vung tau, military police, viet cong, gibbons collection catalogue, south vietnamese intelligence officer, triage, female viet cong prisoner, denis gibbons

Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection. A black and white photograph of clerical staff at the orderly room and pay office of the 1st Australian Field Hospital, Vung Tau, South Veitnam. They prepare and check pay and petty cash claims for members of the unit using US dollars, Military script and Vietnamese Piastre.photograph, clerical staff, 1st australian field hospital, vung tau, gibbons collection catalogue, pay and petty cash, us military dollars, vietnamese piastre

Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection. A black and white photograph at the triage of the 1st Australian Field Hospital, Vung Tau, South Vietnam. Here an Australian Officer signs a report prepared by two South Vietnamese Intelligence Officers concerning the female VietCong prisoner whilst an Australian MP looks on.photograph, 1st australian field hospital, vung tau, military police, female viet cong, gibbons collection catalogue, denis gibbons, photographer, vietnam war, female viet cong prisoner

Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection.A black and white photograph of 1st Australian Field Hospital Medics Richard Sneigowski, Ron Gillespie and Ray Yates load medivac patients for the short journey Vung Tau Military Airfield to be loaded onto an RAAF C130 medical transport aircraft for the flight back to Australia.photograph, 1st australian field hospital, vung tau airfield, vung tau, richard sneigowski, ron gillespie (medic), ray yates (medic), gibbons collection catalogue, raaf, c130 medivac flight, medics

Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection. A black and white photograph of a Medic with the Governor of NSW, Sir Roden Cutler VC after receiving his Military Medal at a cermony Government House NSW in 1971. The award was made for bravery while serving as a medic on a US dustoff helicopter.photograph, 1st australian field hospital, medic, sir roden cutler vc, military medal, dustoff helicopter, gibbons collection catalogue

Memorabilia Royal Australian Army Provist Corps by Cpl James Archbold. There is also a DVD and USB stick with photographs of the Military Police in Vietnam. royal australian army provost corps, 1st division provost company, australian forces vietnam provost unit, new zealand military police, australian military police headquarters, 1st australian logistic support group, vung tau, military prison, detention barrack, court martial centre, afv pro unit, american mps, vietnamese military and civilian police, nui dat, cam ranh bay, special investigation branch (sib), guard duties, 1st australian field hospital, viet cong prisoner, north vietnamese army prisoners, vip security, prisoner of war camp, long binh, saigon, eod, night curfew, qantas, tan son nhat international airport, cpl ian robert brown, 54157, killed in action, cpl james stuart archbold, 3790920, military medal, maj richard karney gorman, 237669, mention in despatches, wo1 william anthony eade, 52772, australian army training team vietnam (aattv), sgt robert james popperwell, 52731

Illustrated magazine. The front cover has a copy of a painting by Hilda Rix-Nicholas: Australian soldier of the Great War. The man is wearing a metal helmet and combat uniform. Title and list of contents are printed are printed in gold and red brown on front cover also. non-fictionThe Australian experience of war: the magazine contains other war related articles, the ones referring to nursing experiences are Florence Nightingale, Fanny Hines (died of pneumonia in the Boer War), Catherine Tully (awarded the 1914 Star with clasp) other World War One Experiences, Jessie Simmons (World War Two POW) Ann Mackinnon (served with the 2/6th Australian General Hospital), RAAF medevac nurses in Vietnam, nurses in Rwanda, and a review of the film Paradise Road.military nursing-australia-history, world war 1914-1918, world war 1939-1945, vietnam war, world war 1939-1945 prisoners of war, rwanda, nurses, nursing

Illustrated book with red cover. The front cover has an outline of Queensland on which is printed an illustration of three women in the uniforms of the three military nursing services within a blue circle. Also on the front cover is the title printed in orange and authors name printed in black. Title in orange, author's surname and publishers mark in black are also printed on the spine. On the back cover in black print on a yellow rectangle the AANS pledge of service. Above this is an illustration of the Australian Commonwealth Military Forces badge, and below is the badge of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps.non-fictionA history of the development and practice of military nursing by Queensland nurses from the Boer War to Vietnam. Includes casualty list and list of decorations awarded to Queensland nurses.royal australian army nursing corps-history, military nursing-queensland-history, nurses-queensland-history, medicine-military-history-australia

Invaluable contribution to saving thousands of Servicemen's lives.During the Vietnam War the Bell UH 1Iroquois helicopter - nicknamed ( Hueys ) were responsible for the safe evacuation of military and civilian personel . It was the first turbine powered helicopter in service with the United States military . Wounded servicemen were ferried to field hospitals and vital cargo to where it was most needed plus being used for ground attack missions. .Wooden model of helicopter.

Bonegilla Army Base and Migrant Reception Centre began when funds were allocated to build Bonegilla Army Camp in June 1940. Builders began to erect about 600 huts prior to the Army moving in during September of that year. Between 1942 - 1943 it was enlarged to 848 buildings. In 1947 Bonegilla Reception and Training Centre began operating with the Army providing transport, security and catering services. From 1949 until 1965 the Bonegilla Reception and Training Centre operated without a military presence. Bonegilla Migrant Reception and Training Centre was made up of 24 blocks. It had its own churches, banks, sporting fields, cinema, hospital, police station and railway platform. It became the largest and longest operating reception centre in the post-war era. More than 300,000 migrants passed through its doors between 1947 and 1971, with most of those originating from non-English speaking European countries. From1965 with the increased Australian commitment to the Vietnam War and the need to find accommodation to train National Servicemen for Vietnam, the Army negotiated with the Department of Immigration to take over several blocks at Bonegilla. In 1971 the Reception Centre closed and the site reverted to the Army. After 1971 the Army undertook a major site redevelopment with the construction of Latchford Barracks as the Army Apprentice School. Later Latchford Barracks was redeveloped into part of the Army Logistic Training Centre. Between 1978 and 1982, nearly all of the centre was demolished in a major redevelopment. The new replacement buildings were formally opened as Latchford Barracks in 1983. Demolition of the buildings prompted calls for recognition of the site and the role it had played in Australia’s post-World War II Immigration program. After much discussion between the Department of Army and Heritage and local groups about the significance of the site, the Australian Heritage Commission proceeded with its listing on the Register of the National Estate. A Conservation Management Plan was prepared for Block 19 in 1996. The Army transferred Block 19 to the Victorian Government. In 2002 Heritage Victoria listed Block 19 on the State Heritage Register, giving attention to both the migrant and army connections with the site. Hut 97 at Bonegilla Migrant Experience is the home of the Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc.This image is significant because it records a building which is part of the Bonegilla Migrant Reception Centre which played a critical role as the largest and longest operating Migrant Reception Centre in Australia.A colour photo of Hut 97 at Block 19, Bonegilla Migrant Experience, now the home of Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc.hut 97 bonegilla migrant experience, wodonga & district historical society, immigration australia

Bonegilla operated as an army base from September 1940 and by 1943 was expanded to 848 buildings, including a general hospital. It provided training for small arms instructors, signallers, transport workers, bomb disposal and gas warfare personnel. In a response to the need to house the growing number of displaced persons coming to Australia, the Bonegilla Reception and Training Centre began operating in 1947. For some time it was a shared facility but the Army withdrew temporarily from Bonegilla in 1949, whilst still retaining ownership of the site. From 1949-65 Bonegilla Reception and Training Centre operated without a military presence. However, in the late 1960s and Australia’s commitments to the Vietnam War and pressed by the need to find accommodation to train men, especially National Servicemen, the Army negotiated with the Department of Immigration to take over several blocks at Bonegilla in 1965. Thirty-five huts were acquired by the Royal Australian Army Ordnance Corps as a Recruit Training Centre in which National Servicemen and recruits could attend 10-week ordnance courses. Shortly afterwards additional huts were acquired by the School of Military Survey, which established field-survey practical training areas and special astronomical observation sites as it began conducting courses in surveying. Instructors and trainees co-located at Bonegilla with migrant reception centre. In 1971 the Reception Centre closed and the site reverted to the Army. Progressively after 1971 the Army undertook a major site redevelopment with the construction of Latchford Barracks as the Army Apprentice School. Later Latchford Barracks was redeveloped into part of the Army Logistic Training Centre. Block 19 of the Mirant Reception Centre later became the Bonegilla Migrant Experience Heritage Park.This item depicts a heritage listed historical site located in the Wodonga district.A large poster size representation of the variety of buildings at Bonegilla, Victoria when it served as the location for the Royal Australian School of Military Survey. The insignia of the Royal Australian Survey Corps is featured in the top left hand corner.Top left corner: Insignia of the Royal Australian Survey Corps At bottom of sketches: "The School of Military Survey, Bonegilla Victoria / January 1966 - December 1982migrant reception centre bonegilla, army at bonegilla, australian military

Peach coloured spine with olive printed text. Cover shows a photograph of two nurses in Vung Tau in 1968 standing by a clothes line and hanging up washing, one is wearing swimwear and the other is wearing shorts and top. The title is printed across the top in yellow print and the sub title below that in white print.non-fictionDon't forget your cotton underwear, girls! Most books that look at the involvement of Australians in the Vietnam War rarely allude to the role of nurses. But war and nursing are unequivocally linked. A total of 43 Australian Army nursing sisters were sent to Vietnam between April 1967 and November 1971, undertaking tours of up to 12 months. The nurses were assigned to a military hospital in a war zone with little advanced preparation, particularly as clinicians with exposure to trauma, critical care or theatre. The contribution of these women undoubtedly affected many soldiers in profound ways. Tears on My Pillow describes the experiences of nursing in the Vietnam War using the words, voices and photographs of these servicewomen. These veterans tell tales of femininity interspersed with the reality of the military environment through their stories of trauma, distress, tears and grief that went on for many years, and stories of underwear, fun and the basic things in life. [From Trove]vietnam war, royal australian army nursing corps, australian military nurses

Peach coloured spine with olive printed text. Cover shows a photograph of two nurses in Vung Tau in 1968 standing by a clothes line and hanging up washing, one is wearing swimwear and the other is wearing shorts and top. The title is printed across the top in yellow print and the sub title below that in white print.non-fictionDon't forget your cotton underwear, girls! Most books that look at the involvement of Australians in the Vietnam War rarely allude to the role of nurses. But war and nursing are unequivocally linked. A total of 43 Australian Army nursing sisters were sent to Vietnam between April 1967 and November 1971, undertaking tours of up to 12 months. The nurses were assigned to a military hospital in a war zone with little advanced preparation, particularly as clinicians with exposure to trauma, critical care or theatre. The contribution of these women undoubtedly affected many soldiers in profound ways. Tears on My Pillow describes the experiences of nursing in the Vietnam War using the words, voices and photographs of these servicewomen. These veterans tell tales of femininity interspersed with the reality of the military environment through their stories of trauma, distress, tears and grief that went on for many years, and stories of underwear, fun and the basic things in life. [From Trove]vietnam war, royal australian army nursing corps, australian military nurses

Hardcover, cloth bound, burgundy book with a white dust jacket. The dust jacket shows an image of six people ducking from the force of the wind coming from the helicopter that is landing behind them, there is blue cloudy sky above. Across the sky is printed the title. The book is housed in a burgundy clth covered slipcase.non-fictionThis inside story of an Australian Field Hospital during the Vietnam War is told through a compilation of operational facts interspersed with the personal experiences of those who served and the patients who passed through the hospital doors, into their care.Call Sign VAMPIRE provides a window into the frenetic world of a military hospital in a war zone through evocative, sometimes confronting imagery. In this environment time was of the essence and life often hung in the balance.The wounded, "... they were scared, frightened, shocked and they weren't coping. Generally, when the chopper landed, they weren't coping. No. They were in shock, incoherent and it was no good asking them what had happened, or where they'd been, because twenty minutes before they were in contact with the enemy ..." Ron NolanAt the 1st Australian Field Hospital the battle for life and limb was often challenging and intense. Medical services provided by the hospital were of such a high standard that the survival rate, for soldiers arriving at the hospital alive, was 99%.This success rate still stands today as a truly remarkable achievement!The hospital comprised triage, operating theatres, pathology, pharmacy, X-ray, physiotherapy, psychiatry, outpatients, RAP, a six-bed intensive care ward and 50 bed medical and 50 bed surgical ward. It was also supported by a Q-store, an orderly room, messes and accommodation. Units attached to the hospital were the 33rd Dental Unit, 1st Field Medical and Dental Stores, 1st Field Hygiene Company, Chaplains and Australian Red Cross representatives.Our book is a celebration of the dedication, temerity and care of a unique group of Australians, thrown together to get on with the job of treating the injured and wounded. A consequence of Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War.Our hope is that the readers of Call Sign VAMPIRE gain an insight into what it meant to go to a war that polarised public opinion, and impacted the physical and mental well being of so many young soldiers and personnel dealing with the consequential casualties and despair. We also hope that you come to understand why as young Australians we are so proud to have been part of a unit that as Roger Nation remembers, "... welded together to form a team of world class standard" and why our camaraderie has continued to this day. - from Trove record. 1st australian field hospital, vietnam war

Hardcover, cloth bound, burgundy book with a white dust jacket. The dust jacket shows an image of six people ducking from the force of the wind coming from the helicopter that is landing behind them, there is blue cloudy sky above. Across the sky is printed the title. The book is housed in a burgundy cloth covered slipcase.non-fictionThis inside story of an Australian Field Hospital during the Vietnam War is told through a compilation of operational facts interspersed with the personal experiences of those who served and the patients who passed through the hospital doors, into their care.Call Sign VAMPIRE provides a window into the frenetic world of a military hospital in a war zone through evocative, sometimes confronting imagery. In this environment time was of the essence and life often hung in the balance.The wounded, "... they were scared, frightened, shocked and they weren't coping. Generally, when the chopper landed, they weren't coping. No. They were in shock, incoherent and it was no good asking them what had happened, or where they'd been, because twenty minutes before they were in contact with the enemy ..." Ron NolanAt the 1st Australian Field Hospital the battle for life and limb was often challenging and intense. Medical services provided by the hospital were of such a high standard that the survival rate, for soldiers arriving at the hospital alive, was 99%.This success rate still stands today as a truly remarkable achievement!The hospital comprised triage, operating theatres, pathology, pharmacy, X-ray, physiotherapy, psychiatry, outpatients, RAP, a six-bed intensive care ward and 50 bed medical and 50 bed surgical ward. It was also supported by a Q-store, an orderly room, messes and accommodation. Units attached to the hospital were the 33rd Dental Unit, 1st Field Medical and Dental Stores, 1st Field Hygiene Company, Chaplains and Australian Red Cross representatives.Our book is a celebration of the dedication, temerity and care of a unique group of Australians, thrown together to get on with the job of treating the injured and wounded. A consequence of Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War.Our hope is that the readers of Call Sign VAMPIRE gain an insight into what it meant to go to a war that polarised public opinion, and impacted the physical and mental well being of so many young soldiers and personnel dealing with the consequential casualties and despair. We also hope that you come to understand why as young Australians we are so proud to have been part of a unit that as Roger Nation remembers, "... welded together to form a team of world class standard" and why our camaraderie has continued to this day. - from Trove record. 1st australian field hospital, vietnam war

Blue paperback book with title printed in white along the spine and front cover. There are four black and white photos of nurses tending wounded soldiers in white-bordered templates across the bottom of the cover.non-fictionNorman tells the dramatic story of fifty women-members of the Army, Navy, and Air Force Nurse Corps-who went to war, working in military hospitals, aboard ships, and with air evacuation squadrons during the Vietnam War. Here, in a moving narrative, the women talk about why they went to war, the experiences they had while they were there, and how war affected them physically, emotionally, and spiritually. The Story of fifty military nurses who served in Vietnam. -Trovemilitary nurses, vietnam war