Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection. A black and white photograph of an American Dustoff helicopter prepares to land to collect some of the fifteen Diggers wounded by a massive 40lb mine blast under APC 13A. The size of the blast lifted the APC fifteen feet into the air. Part of Operation Massey Harrisphotograph, dustoff helicopter, apc 13a, operation massey harris, gibbons collection catalogue, mine blast, wounded servicemen, diggers, denis gibbons

This particular specimen was recovered from the Lal Lal Coal and Iron Mine in Victoria, 19km from Ballarat. Brown Coal was discovered here in 1857, just alongside the Geelong to Ballarat Railway line. This discovery of lignite (brown coal) was the first in Victoria, which would bring important benefits to the region and state, both of which had previously been reliant on coal imports. In the 1860s, iron ore was found just 5km from Lal Lal, and the area was converted into an Iron Ore Mine. The Lal Lal Iron Mining Company took over operations in 1874, who then peaked iron production in 1884. This mine continued operations until June 1884, when the blast furnace was extinguished and never recommenced. The blast furnace at Lal Lal is considered one of the most important and highly significant sites ion early industrial history in Australia, as it is the only remaining best furnace from the nineteenth century in the Southern Hemisphere. The furnace ruins are 17 metres high, and are clearly visible today on Iron Mine Road, Lal Lal, near the Bungal Dam. This specimen of Lignite (brown coal) is significant, as it was mined from the area where brown coal was first discovered in Victoria, leading to an important and controversial future of the mining and use of brown coal in this State. The Victorian Heritage Database has listed the Lal Lal Coal Mine with local significance, with their Statement of Significance stating: "The Lal Lal coal mine is historically significant as the site of the first discovery of lignite (brown coal) in Victoria, and one that promised important benefits to regional and state industries that were reliant on coal imports at the time. The significance of the stie is reduced by the poor state of preservation of the coal mining and processing fabric". This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A hand-sized light-weight, soft and combustable sedimentary rock specimen, that is dark brown in colour. The specimen has jagged edges, as though parts of the rock have crumbled away. Brown coal, or Lignite, is formed naturally from compressed peat, and is typically found in natural basins. The stages to the formation of coal ('coalification') begin with plant material and wood, which will decay if it is not subjected to deep burial or heating, and turn into Peat. Peat, when sufficiently compressed naturally, will turn into Brown Coal (Lignite), and finally into Black Coal (sub-bituminous, bituminous and anthracite). Each successive stage has a higher energy content and lower water content. It is brownish-black in colour. Brown Coal has a high moisture content, between 50 and 75 percent, and a low carbon content. Some Brown Coals may be stratified, with layers of plant matter, which means little coalification has occurred beyond the peat natural processing stage. When Brown Coal is submerged in dilute nitric acid or boiling potassium hydroxide solution, it reacts to produce a reddish solution, of which higher-ranked coals do not. When brown coal is pulverised and burned in boilers, the steam is used to drive turbines, which generates electricity. It is the lowest rank of coal, as when burned, it creates a relatively low heat content, which in turn does not create a great output of steam. burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, brown coal, brown coal specimen, lignite, lal lal, lal lal coal mine, lal lal iron mine, ballarat, blast furnace

Two A3 copies of newspaper articles printed in the Sydney Morning Herald (SMH). 1) Heavy Toll in Mine Blast , Nui Dat, 22 July 1969. 2) A Case for Conscription 21 July 1969.newspaper articles

George Frederick Boxall (1051 8th Battalion H Company), a miner from Bendigo, embarked from Melbourne on board Transport A24 Benalla on 19 October 1914. He returned to Australia on 8 May 1916, having suffered "shell shock" from a bomb blast on Gallipoli in September 1915.Hustlers Mine photograph inscribed on rear : "at the mouth of the shaft after the accident at Great Extended Hustlers"ww1, george frederick boxall, mary jane boxall, mary jane johnson, william henry johnson, 8th battalion, linton percy clarence rudd, allan tathorn moffat, robert carter, photographs, letters, great extended hustlers mine, shell shock

Red hard cloth covered book of 115 pages. INcludes contentsnon-fictionAustralia is included in the index as follows. Australiasian Gold Production Silver production Australia Antimony Gold Lead production Manganese opals mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +

Red hard cloth covered book of 115 pages. INcludes contentsnon-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc Lead production Manganese opals mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc

Red hard cloth covered book of 932 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones

Red hard cloth covered book of 589 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends

Red hard cloth covered book of 589 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum

Red hard cloth covered book of 877 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum

Red hard cloth covered book of 995 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum

Red hard cloth covered book of 1090 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum

Red hard cloth covered book of 1010 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum

Red hard cloth covered book of 998 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum

Red hard cloth covered book of 998 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum

Red hard cloth covered book of 939 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum

Red hard cloth covered book of 928 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum

Red hard cloth covered book of 900 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum, aluminium, bismuth, tungsten

Red hard cloth covered book of 878 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum, aluminium, bismuth, tungsten

Red hard cloth covered book of 845 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum, aluminium, bismuth, tungsten

In 1905 Richard Squire was manager of the West Berry Consols at Allendale, and developed an improved system of mine ventilation, which was supported in "The Age." He was successful in combating and remedying the gas and ventilation troubles of the Deep Mines of Creswick and Allendale Districts after all had failed. MINE MANAGERS’ ASSOCIATION. Ballarat Branch. ... Mr R. B. Squire, manager of the West Berry Consols, at Allendale, submitted a paper detailing what he had done tor the betterment of ventilation in the alluvial mines of Smeaton and Mary borough districts- Members gave Mr Squire every credit for the results that he claimed to have effected; the adoption of his ideas had testified to their value to mine-owners. It was painted out, however, that for want of a thorough debate of the subject with experienced men the author had unwittingly included some general statements that required modifying in some points and extending in others, in justice to other workers among the earlier and the present day managers of mines. It was decided to invite the author to meet a sub-committee on this subject!Various handwritten Letters from Richard Squire to his son Tom 1935richard squire, tom squire, hazel squire, jack squire, jim squire, ned, mt mercer, basil, plant, skids, pump, c. hayes, illness, poppet, carburetor, shaft, balance weight, pearson, pulleys, syndicate, goon, suction, lease, reports, estimates, flat fields, reef, banagwanth, trucks, pipeclay, sandstone, suction pipe, valves, honeycomb rock, mr kermode, yarrowee, ballarat, reef combs, cheques, earthquake, yellow slate, leigh river, dyke, the madame bay coy, allendale, berry west, quartz, ballarat deep leads, ballarat deep leads extension, bore, reads, bedrock, j. hayes, harmen premier distributors, middletons, cemented sand, electricity commission, g m of a, gold mines of australia, dick harry, pearsons, hawksburn, crown wheel, rice's paddock, liz the car, volcanic ridge, lrg coy, mcnaughton's paddock, madison's lead, cameron & sutherland, crabhole, rokewood, glenfine, mrs gibbs, dobson, booth, shiels, thomas mitchell, mcpherson's reward, haddon, trunk lead mine, elaine, pitfield plains, mr clarke, daylesford, kuchel, shelford, geoff squire, lode, quartz reef, bladder attack, kidneys, income tax, reginald murray, grenville, blasting, john b. dennison, martin t. taylor, durham and buninyong deep lead, sebastopol plateau, mr wilkie, the premier petrol distributing agency of ballarat, lawaluk, ryan's western leads, mr nichol, mr hodge, knox schlapp and co., dr griffiths, state accident insurance office, magdala mine stawell, mining