IMage of a large body of water.newcastle waters, central australia

Edna Barrie at the cairn, photo received from Graeme Minns in 1988. The cairn marks the site of Jimmy Melrose's plane crash in Melton South. The accident which happened on July 5th 1936. In 1934 Melrose made headlines with a series of spectacular flights. In July of that year, he set around Australia record and in that year established a new solo Australia England record when he flew to England to compete in the MacRoberston race with a De Havilland Puss Moth VH- YQO. The only Australian and the only solo pilot to complete the course within the time limit. He was seventh in finishing order and third in the handicap section making news again during the race with a dramatic landing in Darwin with empty fuel tanks. Late in 1935 Melrose imported the Phoenix for his “Adelaide to Anywhere” Charter Service. The previous year the Heston Aircraft Company had taken over the interests of the well known Comper Aircraft Company, and the first production of the new firm was the Phoenix, a single-engined all wooden five seater machine of sesquiplane configuration. The forward half of the fuselage was a streamlined rectangular section and the rear portion was a monocogue shell; the whole was of plywood fabric covered. The wing was built up of spruce box spars and lattice ribs, ply covered from the leading edge to the front spar and the fabric covered over the remainder. The tail surfaces were of similar construction. The most notable feature of the design was the lower stub wing which ran right across the fuselage embodying two box spars, plywood covered it housed the main undercarriage wheels when retracted and provided a substantial anchorage for the Nu form wing struts. The Dowty undercarriage retracted inwards, operated manually by hydraulic packs, Dual control fitted, with side by side seating for the pilots and three passenger seats behind. Power was a 200 h.p. De Havilland Gipsy VI 6 cylinder inverted in-line air-cooled engine. Six Phoenix were built; five of them registered in Great Britain and one of those was later sold abroad the remaining four were impressed into the R.A.F. in 1940. Specifications were: 40 feet 4 inches length 30 ft 2 ins height, 9ft 7ins, wing area 270 sq ft, Tare weight 2,600lbs loaded weight 3,300lbs; cruising speed 360 m.p.h. landing 50mph ceiling 14,000 ft range 700 miles. Melrose’s machine the first production aircraft was built early in 1936 and test flown of the 24th March. Painted green it carries the words “South Australian Centenary 1936” in silver of the fuselage and the name “Billing on the engine cowling in honor of Melrose’s uncle Noel Pemberton Billing, pioneer designer and founder of the Supermarine Aviation Company. The delivery flight was planned as a goodwill mission to publicise the forthcoming South Australian Centenary celebrations. Melrose left Dympne on the 9th April 1936, and flying via Marseilles, Naples, Athens, Baghdad, Basra, Karachi, Jodphur, Calcutta, Akyab, Penang, Singapore, Lombok, Darwin, Newcastle Waters and Alice Springs reached Adelaide on the 25th of April. Continuing the goodwill flight to other States, he visited Melbourne, Sydney, Newcastle, Grafton, Brisbane, Coff’s Harbour, Sydney again, Launceston, Hobart and Mount Gambier before returning to Adelaide on the 13th May. During June Jimmy made some charter flights and early in July was engaged by Mr. A.J. Campbell a director of several mining companies from Melbourne to Darwin to commence at Essendon on the4th July. However on that day low cloud and steady rain caused the postponement. There was little improvement and Melrose was advised to delay the departure again. However he wished to reach Oodnadatta that night, and when he observed the break in the clouds decided to leave. He planned to climb above the cloud and fly to Adelaide at 3,000 feet. The aircraft was airborne about 8.10 a.m. and was last seen from Essendon climbing above the clouds. At 8.45 people at Melton (30 miles West of Melbourne) heard an approaching aircraft. The engine noise increased abnormally and eye witnesses saw the machine fall out of control from the cloud base about 800 feet and then disintegrate, fragments were scattered for 1½ miles and both occupants were killed. Hand written carbon copy by Edna Barrie.Typed by Wendy Barrie March 2014 Last Flight of Jimmy Melrose by John Burke Parade Magazine July 1972 Page 2 –4 This article gives the take off time of 7.50 am from Essendon Airport Eyewitness account at the time Maisie Arthur’s description. Newspaper article. Edna Barrie at the site of the 'Cairn'local identities, local significant events

3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 01 John McDonald Stuart 1815 - 1866 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 02 Before Them Lay A Vast Silent Land 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 03 The First Man To Reach The Centre 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 04 Three Cheers For The Flag 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 05 The Desert Drove Them Back 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 06 A Savage Attack By Aborgines 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 07 They Discovered Newcastle Waters 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 08 The Thick Scrub Was Impassable 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 09 They Were Forced To Return 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 10 Stuart Set Out For A Third Time 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 11 Beyond The Ropers Was Beauttiful Country 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 12 Then At Last They Reached The Sra 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 13 Hostile Natives attacked Again And Again 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 14 Sick And Exhausted They Struggled On 3851.01 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 15 Week And Weary He Had Won Through 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 01 Captain Charles Stuart Plans To Solve The Riddle Of The Rivers 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 02 Stuart's Expedition Sets Out From Sydney In 1829 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 03 An Upturned Dray In Devil's Pass 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 04 Stuart's Party Follows The Murrumbridgee 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 05 First Stage Of The River Journey 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 06 Building The Whaleboat On The Banks Of The Murrumbidgee 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 07 The Lachlan Enters The Murrumbidgee River 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 08 Stuart Discovers The Murray River 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 09 A Narrow Escape From Hostile Natives 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 10 Hoisting The Union Jack On The Banks Of The Darling 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 11 Stuart Discovers Lake Alexandrina 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 12 Across The Sandhills To Encounter Bay 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 13 A Disappointment 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 14 The Nightmare Return 3851.02 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 15 Relief 3851.03 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Fourteen Explorers Of Australia 3851.04 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Sixteen Explorers Of Australia 3851.05 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Australian Commorative Stamps Published 1955 3851.05 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Australian Commorative Stamps Published 1961 3851.06 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Carded Roving Wool Sample 3851.06 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Carded Silver Wool Sample 3851.06 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Davies Coop & Co Limited Raw Cotton Sample 3851.06 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Davies Coop & Co Limited Sized Cotton Yard Sample 3851.06 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Finished Cloth Wool Sample 3851.06 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Greasy Cloth Wool Sample 3851.06 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Greasy Wool Sample 3851.06 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Scoured And Carbonized Wool Sample 3851.06 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Scoured And Milled Cloth Wool Sample 3851.07 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - From The Sheep's Back To You Book 01 3851.07 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - From The Sheep's Back To You Book 02 3851.08 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - How To Wash Physician Blankets 3851.09 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - What Members Of The A.I.F. Thought Of Physician Chillproof Blackets Leter By Lieut W. Martin 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 01 The Beginning Of The Story Of Crusader Cloth 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 02 Shearing Merinos For The Crusader Mills 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 03 Buying The Golden Fleece For The Crusader Mills 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 04 Wool Sorting At The Crusader Mills 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 05 Wool Scouring At The Crusader Mills 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 06 Carding The Scoured Wool At The Crusader Mills 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 07 Combing The Carded Slivers At The Crusader Mills 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 08 Top Making At The Crusader Mills 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 09 Drawing Out The Top Prior To Spinning At The Crusader Mills 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 10 Spinning The Rovings Into Yard At The Crusader Mills 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 11 Warping The Tow Fold Yard At The Crusader Mills 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 12 Weaving The Famous Crusader Cloth 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 13 Inpsecting And Mendings Any Slight Imprefections 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 14 Dyeing The Famous Crusader Blues That Never Fade 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 15 Dry Blowing At The Crusader Mills 3851.10 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 16 An Experience Tailor Proudly Displays The Crusader Trade Make 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 01 Sewing Machine Inverted By Elias Howe 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 02 Experts Cutting Out Stamina Trousers 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 03 Serging The Seams To Make Fraying Impossible 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 04 Making The Side Straps By Precision Machinery 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 05 Attaching The Chromium Planted Buckles To Side Straps 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 06 The Wonder Machine That Makes Five Buttonholes In 19 Seconds 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 07 A Pocket That Won't Wear Out 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 08 Putting The Pcokets Into The Trousers 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 09 Assembling Stamina Trousers 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 10 A Generous Roomy Hip Pocket Is Made 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 11 Joining The Waistband To The Trouser 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 12 Reinforcing The End Of Every Pocket 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 13 Millions Of Buttons That Don't Come Off 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 14 Hemming Up The Cuffs Of Stamina Trousers 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 15 Pressing Stamina Trousers 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 16 Inspecting The Completed Works 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 17 look For The Label On The Pocket Stamina Clothes 3851.11 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card 18 The Story Of Cloth Making 3851.12 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Davies Coop & Co Limited Knitted & Woven Materials After Dyeing Sample 3851.13 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - ACTIL Sample No 2 Cotton After First Cleaning 3851.13 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - ACTIL Sample No 3 Carded Silver 3851.13 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - ACTIL Sample No 4 Drawing Silver 3851.13 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - ACTIL Sample No 6 Spun Yarn 3851.13 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - ACTIL Sample No 7 Woven Cloth 3851.13 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - ACTIL Sample No 8 Cloth After Bleaching 3851.13 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - ACTIL Sample No 9 Cloth After Dyeing 3851.14 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Card Tricks With A Borrowed Pack By Weirdo 3851.15 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Fifty One Impromtu Conjuring Tricks That You Can Do 3851.16 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Mirco sCope Sunshine Inspectorate Science Bulletin Number 5 September 3851.17 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Digit Sunshine Inspectorate Mathematics Bulletin September 1970 3851.18 - Teaching Aides For Primary School Students - Scouring Yarra Falls Limitedprimary school, state school

The design of the bottle is called a Codd, sometimes referred to as a marble bottle or "Codd's patent bottle". During the mid-to-late 1800s, there were many inventions to keep the fizz in carbonated drinks such as ginger ale, soda water, and fruit drinks. Hiram Codd, an English engineer invented a successful process that he patented as "Codd's patented globe stopper bottle" in 1872. The Codd-neck bottle (commonly called Codd or marble bottle) is manufactured in two parts. The body of the bottle is cast in two sections. At the time of joining the sections, glass marble and rubber seal are inserted into the neck section. The lip is then applied to the top of the bottle. The Codd bottle is filled upside down as the pressure of the gas from the carbonated liquid holds the marble up and out of the way. When the bottle stands upright the gas pushes the marble up against the washer, creating a firm seal to keep the fizz inside. The bottle is opened by pushing the marble down firmly to allow some of the gas to escape. The marble drops down and is caught in a depression formed in the neck. When the bottle is tilted to pour or drink the liquid the marble rests in a dimple. Two Ballarat miners, Evan Rowland and Robert Lewis started manufacturing mineral and aerated waters, bitters, cordials, and liqueurs in 1854, in a tent on the shores of Lake Wendouree Ballarat. Another 13 firms at that time employed manual operations, whereas they introduced Taylor's No. 1 machine that speeded up the process and laid the foundation for their fortune. Evan Rowland was a pioneer in the aerated water trade in Australia. He was born on August 2, 1826, in North Wales. In 1852, during the gold rush, he emigrated to Melbourne, and in 1854 he went to Ballarat and formed a partnership with Robert Lewis, the firm being called ‘‘Rowlands & Lewis’’. Their next step was to secure a supply of pure water. Using mineral Waters that they found via a natural spring at Warrenheip, Victoria. From the outset, the beverages made from this water gained repute and were in great demand. Their business prospered so well that in 1858 they were able to build a factory at the corner of Sturt and Dawson Streets, Ballarat, and to fit with the most up-to-date machinery then in use. By 1870 their business had increased so much and demand had grown to such an extent that Mr. Rowlands erected another factory, covering over an acre of ground at the corner of Dana and Doveton Streets, costing £13,000. The factory was fitted with the most modern equipment of the time to manufacture cordials and aerated water. In 1873 Rowlands established an agency at 116 Collins St, Melbourne, because the demand for the products of the Melbourne factory became so large. The company expanded to Sydney opening a factory at the corner of Burns & Hay Streets Darling Harbour obtaining spring water to supply this plant from Katoomba in the Blue Mountains. The water was brought to Sydney by rail. In the meantime, the Melbourne concern had progressed so rapidly that in 1888 a magnificent factory embodying all the latest ideas and equipment was built in King Street Melbourne. Robert Lewis was a fellow Welshman born in 1816, and he arrived in Port Phillip in 1853 and became a partner in the early day with Evan Rowland but with lesser and shorter involvement in the firm, from which he retired in 1876. Robert Lewis was perhaps better known as Ballarat's first mayor and a Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was a strong supporter of local charities, president/treasurer of the Eisteddfod Committee, a major force in the development of the Ballarat Hospital, and he was the mayor of Ballarat five times, the first in 1863, (having been a counsellor as early as 1859) and for the last time in 1881. Lewis died in 1884 of a stroke in Ballarat. Rowlands continued in the firm and invented and patented an improved soda water bottle. The water used in Rowlands products was filtered four times but his attempts to use local corks failed on quality grounds. He was a stickler for quality, which was so good that many outside Victoria were prepared to pay the 'premium' imposed by inter-colonial customs duty payable at that time. By the 1890s, Rowlands had factories in Ballarat, Melbourne, Sydney, and Newcastle. He died in 1894 but his company continued until well after the Second World War when it was sold to Schweppes. Bottles such as this popular brand, containing soda water, were often used on paddle steamers for refreshments.An early manufacturing process producing the first mineral waters in Australia was invented and developed by an early Welsh migrant to Australia. The Evan Rowlands story gives an insight into the early development of manufacturing industries in Australia that allowed their workers and the towns they were situated in to prosper and develop into what they are today. A good example of hand blown glass.Bottle; clear glass Codd neck bottle with small marble in top. Once contained soda water or soft drink. Manufactured in 1921 by E. Rowlands of Ballarat, Melbourne, Katoomba and Sydney. The bottle is 'recyclable' - the message on the base says that it remains the property of E. Rowlands Pty Ltd. Inscriptions on three adhesive labels at time of donation"E. ROWLANDS BALLARAT MELBOURNE KATOOMBA AND SYDNEY". Imprinted into bas "1921" "THIS BOTTLE REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF E. ROWLANDS PTY LTD" On adhesive labels (3) " 1921 ON BASE (LASTED 1924) CODD PATENT 702" "SMALL SIZE. MARBLE TOP SODA WATER PAPER LABEL. USED" "ON PADDLE STEAMERS. POPULAR BRAND"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, bottle, codd bottle, hiram codd, glass marble bottle, e. rowlands bottle manufacturer, soda bottle australia, early recyclable bottle, codd's patent bottle, marble bottle, refreshments, soda water, marble top, 1920s, codd patent 702, handmade, blown

This is one of two cast brass nameplates of James & Alexander Brown in our collection. The Newcastle, NSW, firm was renowned for its coal mining and exporting business established in colonial Australia in 1843. The firm had an office in Melbourne and sold coal for commercial use and from the Wharf for the domestic market. The coal was then distributed along the southwest coast of Victoria in steamships or steam packets and into the regional areas of Victoria by cart and wagon. In 1890 there was a strike of coal workers but the Geelong Advertiser, September 1, 1890, announced that “a firm of coal merchants only recently received some large cargoes from Newcastle”. This supply of coal could have originated at the colliery of James & Alexander Brown. About James & Alexander Brown: - James (1816-1894), John (1823-1846) and Alexander Brown (1827-1877) migrated with their parents from Scotland to Sydney, Australia, in 1842. The next year James leased land and was assisted by his brothers Alexander and John in mining coal in the area near Maitland. The market was very competitive, with the government controlling prices. James was instrumental in a legal battle that resulted in the introduction of open competition for coal mining. James and Alexander had become business partners by 1852 and moved south of Newcastle where they established and worked a profitable mining enterprise. Their assets by 1857 included a ships’ chandlery, a fleet of steamships and an overseas trading business. They were the first firm to import rum, sugar and coffee into Newcastle. By 1892 they were exporting coal to New Zealand, China, North America, and various colonial ports. They had elaborate workshops to service their own steam engines and steamships. They were the first to use a steam collier vessel in Australian waters and they set up the second tug boat in Newcastle, the beginning of being owners of many more tug boats and performing a towing business. By 1868 James & Alexander Brown was the largest coal producer in the colony. James focused on managing the colliery and Alexander on overseas trade. It was estimated that the firm had produced over eight per cent of coal in New South Wales by 1914. James & Alexander Brown advertised in the Melbourne Herald in the early 1900s and kept an office at Queen Street, Melbourne as well as at the Wharf, stating their telephone numbers for both places. The coal was available for ‘Immediate Delivery’ for household and industrial purposes. The advertising claimed that their Pelaw Main coal was the famous household coal that met the highest test in Australia and burned bright and clean. Domestic customers could purchase the coal at the wharf or pay for delivery. Commercial customers could load their purchases into their steamships or wagons for further distribution into regional Victoria. After James’s death in 1894 his son John managed the firm, which was also known as J & A Brown. John passed away in 1930 and his sons took over. In 1931 the firm amalgamated with Abermain Seaham and the new name was J & A Brown & Abermain Seaham Collieries Ltd. commonly abbreviated to JABAS, which merged with Caledonian Collieries Ltd in 1960 and Coal & Allied Industries Ltd. was formed. The pair of nameplates is significant for its connection with the firm James & Alexander Brown. The firm was established in 1845 and became one of the largest collieries in colonial Australia. It was involved in trading within Australia and overseas. James was involved in the introduction of open competition for coal mining prices. They were the first to use a steam colliery in Australian waters and the first to import goods such as rum, sugar and coffee into New South Wales. The firm had a Melbourne office in the early 1900s, selling and distributing coal throughout Victoria, which likely included the Port of Warrnambool, which opened in 1890. The nameplates are likely to have originated from the Melbourne location.Brass Entrance Name Plate, one of a pair. Eight holes are formed through the plate; one in each corner, and four more holes are within the inscription area. The cast plate has three rows of text with the company’s name and type of business. The plate was owned by James & Alex. Brown. "JAMES & ALEXR. BROWN / COLLIERY PROPRIETORS / & STEAMSHIP OWNERS"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, nameplate, james & alexander brown, j & a brown, james & alexr brown, colliery proprietors, steamship owners, ship chandlers, coal mine, coal export, australian import, australian export, newcastle, colliers, coastal trade, steamships

This is one of two cast brass nameplates of James & Alexander Brown in our collection. The Newcastle, NSW, firm was renowned for its coal mining and exporting business established in colonial Australia in 1843. The firm had an office in Melbourne and sold coal for commercial use and from the Wharf for the domestic market. The coal was then distributed along the southwest coast of Victoria in steamships or steam packets and into the regional areas of Victoria by cart and wagon. In 1890 there was a strike of coal workers but the Geelong Advertiser, September 1, 1890, announced that “a firm of coal merchants only recently received some large cargoes from Newcastle”. This supply of coal could have originated at the colliery of James & Alexander Brown. About James & Alexander Brown: - James (1816-1894), John (1823-1846) and Alexander Brown (1827-1877) migrated with their parents from Scotland to Sydney, Australia, in 1842. The next year James leased land and was assisted by his brothers Alexander and John in mining coal in the area near Maitland. The market was very competitive, with the government controlling prices. James was instrumental in a legal battle that resulted in the introduction of open competition for coal mining. James and Alexander had become business partners by 1852 and moved south of Newcastle where they established and worked a profitable mining enterprise. Their assets by 1857 included a ships’ chandlery, a fleet of steamships and an overseas trading business. They were the first firm to import rum, sugar and coffee into Newcastle. By 1892 they were exporting coal to New Zealand, China, North America, and various colonial ports. They had elaborate workshops to service their own steam engines and steamships. They were the first to use a steam collier vessel in Australian waters and they set up the second tug boat in Newcastle, the beginning of being owners of many more tug boats and performing a towing business. By 1868 James & Alexander Brown was the largest coal producer in the colony. James focused on managing the colliery and Alexander on overseas trade. It was estimated that the firm had produced over eight per cent of coal in New South Wales by 1914. James & Alexander Brown advertised in the Melbourne Herald in the early 1900s and kept an office at Queen Street, Melbourne as well as at the Wharf, stating their telephone numbers for both places. The coal was available for ‘Immediate Delivery’ for household and industrial purposes. The advertising claimed that their Pelaw Main coal was the famous household coal that met the highest test in Australia and burned bright and clean. Domestic customers could purchase the coal at the wharf or pay for delivery. Commercial customers could load their purchases into their steamships or wagons for further distribution into regional Victoria. After James’s death in 1894 his son John managed the firm, which was also known as J & A Brown. John passed away in 1930 and his sons took over. In 1931 the firm amalgamated with Abermain Seaham and the new name was J & A Brown & Abermain Seaham Collieries Ltd. commonly abbreviated to JABAS, which merged with Caledonian Collieries Ltd in 1960 and Coal & Allied Industries Ltd. was formed. The pair of nameplates is significant for its connection with the firm James & Alexander Brown. The firm was established in 1845 and became one of the largest collieries in colonial Australia. It was involved in trading within Australia and overseas. James was involved in the introduction of open competition for coal mining prices. They were the first to use a steam colliery in Australian waters and the first to import goods such as rum, sugar and coffee into New South Wales. The firm had a Melbourne office in the early 1900s, selling and distributing coal throughout Victoria, which likely included the Port of Warrnambool, which opened in 1890. The nameplates are likely to have originated from the Melbourne location.Brass Entrance Name Plate, one of a pair. Eight holes are formed through the plate; one in each corner, and four more holes are within the inscription area. The cast plate has three rows of text with the company’s name and type of business. The plate was owned by James & Alex. Brown. "JAMES & ALEXR. BROWN / COLLIERY PROPRIETORS / & STEAMSHIP OWNERS"flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, nameplate, james & alexander brown, j & a brown, james & alexr brown, colliery proprietors, steamship owners, ship chandlers, coal mine, coal export, australian import, australian export, newcastle, colliers, coastal trade, steamships

Thought to have originated in Austria in 1869, postcards first gained popularity in Australia in the 1890s.They were used to send short messages to friends and family. This collection was generated by Mary Emma Elliot of Talgarno. Talgarno is a rural locality in Victoria, Australia, situated on the southern shoreline of Lake Hume, about 23 km east of Albury-Wodonga. The collection contains postcards from across the world. Mary Emma Sibley was born in Ironbark, Bendigo in 1859. She married James Elliot in 1893 and they settled at “Kelso”, Talgarno. They had two children – Mona and Sibley. Mary Emma Elliot died in Melbourne in 1944, aged 84 years. Australian postcards collected by Mrs. James Elliot between 1898 and 1915. 1405.161 Cascades over Katoomba Falls, N. S. W. 1405.162 Bulli Pass, N. S. W. 1405.163 Waterfalls, Yass River 1405.164 His Old Home 1405.165 Main Avenue, Botanical Gardens, Sydney N.S.W. 1405.166 A Bush Home 1405.167 Upper Lodore Falls. Valley of the Waters 1405.168 The Selector's Hut 1405.169 St Paul's Church and Rectory, Cooma 1405.170 St Andrew's Cathedral 1405.171 Snowy River and a Dog 1405.172 Long Bay and Goal Island, Hawkesbury 1405.173 The Weeping Rock - Wentworth Falls 1405.174 Valley of the Waters, Wentworth 1405.175 Yass Town from the Park 1405.176 Waterfall - National Park. N. S. W. 1405.177 A Flock of Sheep, Burrawong Station 1405.178 Open Boat Sailing, Sydney Harbour 1405.179 Newcastle, N. S. W. "Nobby's" from the Breakwater 1405.180 Forbes Hospital postcards, collecting, collections, talgarno