This guillotine is a hand operated machine specifically designed to cut through multiple sheets of paper or card. It has a very heavy and sharp single blade knife mounted between vertical guides or runners. The main users of a machine like this is in by the printing and publication binding industry. Book binding companies use a guillotine to evenly trim the pages of a book after it has been bound. The way the guillotine is used is - paper or card is stacked squarely on the flat table and pushed firmly against the back guide - the handle below the table at the front of the machine is wound around, which brings the back guide forward, pushing the paper stack forward and positioning the centre of the stack below the vertical frame - the upper wheel is wound around, which brings the clamp and firmly in position on top of the paper, to hold it very firmly - the large wheel on the side of the machine is turned around to lower the long sharp blade down onto the pages and cut them through. The sharp edge of the blade is protected somewhat from becoming blunt; a block of wood sits in the table under the stack of paper An early model of a guillotine was patented in 1837 by Thirault, who built a model with a fixed blade. Guillotines similar in principal to this one were patented by Guillaume Massiquot in 1844 and 1852. Over the years many improvements have been made and operation has moved from man power to electricity. Oscar Friedheim Ltd. was the importer and wholesaler of a large range of machinery and equipment for the printing and bookbinding industry. He sold most of his equipment under his own name. On this guillotine or paper cutter he refers to the origin of the guillotine’s manufacture only as “German Manufacrure”. A reference book “Commercial Bookbinding: a description of the processes and the various machines used" by Geo. Stephen, 1910, recommends Oscar Friedheim, amongst others, for the supply of “reliable cutting machines for hand or power”. It also recommends Oscar Friedheim’s for a wide range of other printing machinery and processes. OSCAR FRIEDHEIM LIMITED, LONDON Oscar Friedheim Ltd. was established in 1884 and operated from Ludgate in London. The company was an importer and wholesale supplier in the 1880’s, offering machinery and equipment for the printing and packaging industry for the UK and Ireland. The company became incorporated in 1913. An advertisement of 1913 includes a telegraphic code plus two telephone numbers for Oscar Friedheim Ltd and invites readers to call at the Ludgate, London, showrooms to see the machines working. The company later became Friedheim International Ltd. The book titled “Friedheim, A Century of Service 1884-1984 by Roy Brewer, celebrates Oscar Friedheim’s achievements. Friedheim International currently operates from Hemel Hempstead, on the northern outskirts of London UK. It promotes itself as “… the leading supplier of finishing, converting and packaging machinery to the printing, graphic arts, and highly varied packaging industries in the UK and Ireland. The company’s policy is simple – “employ the best people, work with the best equipment manufacturers in the world, and treat our customers as partners!” The company still sells guillotines. The guillotine is significant for its ability to represent aspects of the printing trade in Warrnambool and in a typical port town circa 1850 to 1910. It represents communication methods and processes used in the time before electrically powered equipment became common in industry.Guillotine (or paper cutter), hand operated. Metal framework with vertical guides, stand and metal mechanical parts including wheels and gears. Table with back guide; handle below front of table winds to move the back guide. A wheel at top of machine winds to adjust pressure of the clamp on the work on the table below it. The cutting blade fits between vertical guides; a timber insert in the table below the blade helps minimise the loss of sharpness of the blade. A handle on the side of the machine turns a large spoked wheel, which rotates a large gear, causing the blade to move up and down. Makers details are on a small oval plaque with embossed maker’s details is screwed onto main body. Maker is O Friedheim, London, and the machine is of German manufacture, circa late 1880’s.Maker’s plaque inscribed "O. FRIEDHEIM / London / German Manufacture"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, printing machinery, printer’s guillotine, paper guillotine, paper cutter machine, oscar friedheim ltd london, friedheim international ltd, bookbinding industry, printing industry

These 10 photographs of the despatch area of Lithographic Squadron’s Print Room were taken at the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo circa 1985. bulk printed map stock to customers The despatch of printed map products was the final task performed by teams of Printer Technicians. It involved the wrapping of trimmed bulk maps into manageable parcels and sending them by freight to customers or to the Army Map Depot at Bandiana, VIC. The task’s Due date and sensitivity were essential considerations in the planning of production affecting the lead time and method of delivery. Freighting by commercial means was the normal method for routine tasks. The method of despatch for urgent time-critical tasks sometimes meant having to use military freight or safe-handed by Army Survey Regiment personnel. The Wohlenberg MCS-2 guillotine seen in photos .1P & .2P, .4P .8P & .9P was a heavy-duty guillotine that became in 1990 an integrated component of the Map Handling Station, to trim bulk printed map stock. See item 6242.25P for photos of the configuration. See Item 6069.6P for more information and photos of earlier types of guillotine equipment and Item 6070.9P for photos of Printer Technicians working in the despatch area of the Print Room. The two Ultra-MAN-III Printing Presses seen in photos .4P to .7P were made in Germany at a standard map size format and introduced in June 1962 as a two-colour offset press with improved safety features. With an upgrade to a third colour deck in 1968, productivity greatly improved as the two presses could print a five-colour standard topographic map in two passes, rather than the three passes before their upgrade. They were replaced with a single Heidelberg Speedmaster five colour Printing Press in 1990. The Original Heidelberg Printing Press seen in photo .6P was a single colour offset press. It was a robust and well-made lithographic printing press and was in service at the Army Svy Regt for decades. Its primary use was for initial training and rapid response tasks, such as single pass overprints over existing print stock.This is a set of 10 photographs of the despatch area of Lithographic Squadron’s Print Room, taken at the Army Survey Regiment. circa 1985, Fortuna Villa Bendigo. The photographs were printed on photographic paper and are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The photographs were scanned at 300 dpi. .1) & .2) - Photo, black & white, c1985, Map despatch work area and Wohlenberg MCS-2 guillotine. .3) - Photo, black & white, c1985, Map despatch work area. Unidentified print technician. .4) - Photo, black & white, c1985, Map despatch work area and Wohlenberg MCS-2 guillotine. Unidentified print technician. .5) - Photo, black & white, c1985, Ultra-MAN-III Printing Presses in foreground. .6) - Photo, black & white, c1985, Original Heidelberg Printing Press in foreground, Ultra-MAN-III Printing Presses in background. .7) - Photo, black & white, c1985, Ultra-MAN-III Printing Presses in foreground. .8) - Photo, black & white, c1985, Map despatch work area. Pallets of wrapped printed maps in foreground, pallets of paper stock in background. .9) - Photo, black & white, c1985, Map despatch work area. Pallets of printed maps awaiting wrapping in foreground, Wohlenberg MCS-2 guillotine in background. .10) - Photo, black & white, c1985, Map despatch work area, pallets of wrapped printed maps in foreground, Pallets of wrapped printed maps in background..1P to .10P – There are no annotationsroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, printing, litho, litho sqn

This is a set of 23 photographs of Lithographic Squadron staff undertaking printing tasks at the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo, c1985. They are most likely operating the Komori, Planeta or Ultra-MAN-III offset printing presses. Although these photos are not annotated most personnel are positively identified. The following photos are also published with other items: .2P - 6072.6P, .4P – 6067.2P, .10P - 6065.10P, .13P - 6070.5P and .18P - 6066.4P.This is a set of 23 photographs of Lithographic Squadron staff undertaking printing tasks at the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo, c1985. The photographs are on 35mm negative film and scanned at 96 dpi. They are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. .1) - Photo, black & white, c1985, SPR Colin Yeats operates the Ultra-MAN-III offset printing press. .2) - Photo, black & white, c1985, SPR Colin Yeats operates the Ultra-MAN-III offset printing press. WO2 Ralph Chant walks past. .3) - Photo, black & white, c1985, an unidentified printer performs a map quality check. .4) - Photo, black & white, c1985, SPR Daryl South operates the Ultra-MAN-III offset printing press. .5) - Photo, black & white, c1985, Wohlenberg MCS-2 guillotine. .6) - Photo, black & white, c1985, L to R: an unidentified printer and CPL Jim Ash operating the Planeta offset printing press. .7) & .8) - Photo, black & white, c1985, L to R: CPL Dale Hudson and CPL Peter Breukel perform a map quality check at the Komori offset printing press. .9) - Photo, black & white, c1985, Print Troop leadership L to R: SGT Jeff Willey, unidentified officer, CAPT Bob Coote, SSGT Steve Egan. .10) - Photo, black & white, c1985, SPR Colin Yeats operates the Ultra-MAN-III offset printing press. .11) - Photo, black & white, c1985, SSGT Steve Egan assesses printed maps in the map despatch work area. Ultra-MAN-III offset printing press is in the background. .12) - Photo, black & white, c1985, L to R: CPL Jim Ash and CPL Stuart Ridge operate the Planeta offset printing press. .13) - Photo, black & white, c1985, L to R: CPL Jim Ash, SPR Mark ‘Dogs’ Doherty and CPL Stuart Ridge operate the Planeta offset printing press. SPR Daryl South in background. .14) - Photo, black & white, c1985, Komori offset printing press. .15) - Photo, black & white, c1985, L to R: an unidentified printer, CPL Peter Dillon perform a map quality check. .16) - Photo, black & white, c1985, L to R: CPL Dale Hudson and SPR Mark ‘Dogs’ Doherty ready to assist the Komori offset printing press operator. .17) - Photo, black & white, c1985, an unidentified printer loads up printing paper. .18) - Photo, black & white, c1985, an unidentified printer operates the Ultra-MAN-III offset printing press. .19) to .21) - Photo, black & white, c1985, an unidentified printer operates the Planeta offset printing press. .22) - Photo, black & white, c1985, SPR Mark ‘Dogs’ Doherty cleans up behind an Ultra-MAN-III offset printing press. .23) - Photo, black & white, c1985, Lithographic Squadron OC – MAJ Terry Edwards takes a coffee break outside of the Print Room. .1P to .23P – There are no annotationsroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, printing, litho, litho sqn

These six photographs of Printer Technicians using a heavy-duty guillotine to trim bulk printed map stock were probably taken circa 1960s to 1980s in Lithographic Squadron at the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo. Personnel are not identified on Photos .3P and .4P, however names are annotated on photos .1P, .2P, .4P and .5P. Cartographers normally provided trim marks to specified map dimensions as guidance to the printer. The trimming stage, like all the other printing processes required high levels of accuracy. These guillotines were extremely powerful to cut through bulk quantities of printed maps, as evident in photos .1P .3P, .4P and .6P.This is a set of photographs of Printer Technicians using a heavy-duty guillotine to trim bulk printed map stock c1960s to 1980s. The photographs were printed on photographic paper and are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The photographs were scanned at 300 dpi. .1) - Photo, black & white, c1960s, L to R: ‘Wanger’ Payne, unidentified, Lithographic Squadron .2) - Photo, black & white, c1980s, CPL Ken Cavanagh, Lithographic Squadron .3) - Photo, black & white, c1970s, unidentified, Lithographic Squadron .4) - Photo, colour, c1970s, Peter Saunders, Lithographic Squadron .5) - Photo, black & white, c1980s, L to R: unidentified, WO1 Noel ‘Nesty’ Coulthard, Lithographic Squadron .6) - Photo, black & white, c1980s, unidentified, Lithographic Squadron.1P, .2P, .4P and .5P. personnel annotation on back. * unidentified on .1P due to poor writing. .3P and .6P – no annotationroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna, asr, litho, printing

These 10 photographs were most likely taken in the 1990s in Lithographic Squadron at the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo. In photos .1P to .2P the technicians are applying a UV-sensitive pigmented dye emulating one of the print colours to a white opaque polyester sheet mounted on a rotating table in a whirler. The coated sheet was dried before placement in a vacuum light frame beneath a stud registered map negative. They were then exposed to a carbon arc lamp. For more photos and details on the process, see item 6059.5P. In photos .3P to .5P the technician is preparing a orthophotomap film positive. Photo .6P is the rear view of the tri-linear film punch. In photos .7P and .8P the technician is operating a heavy-duty guillotine to trim bulk printed map stock. Cartographers normally provided trim marks to specified map dimensions as guidance to the printer. The trimming stage, like all the other printing processes required high levels of accuracy. These guillotines were extremely powerful to cut through bulk quantities of printed maps. For more photos and details on this process, see item 6069.6P. In photo .9P the technician is operating a daylight film contacting frame. In photo .10P LT Ian Stoddart is taking a well-earned break.This is a set of 10 photographs of lithographic technicians undertaking tasks at the Army Survey Regiment, Bendigo c1990s. Photos .1P to .7P and .9P to .11P are on 35mm negative film and scanned at 96 dpi. Photo .8P is printed on photographic paper and scanned at 300 dpi. They are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. .1) and .2) - Photo, black & white, c1990s, unidentified printer technician and SPR Janet Murray using the map proof whirler. .3) to .5) - Colour, c1990s, Mick ‘Buddha’ Ellis preparing an orthophotomap film positive. .6) - Photo, Colour, c1990s, rear view of tri-linear film punch. .7) & .8) - Photo, Colour, c1990s, unidentified technician operating a heavy-duty guillotine. .9) - Photo, Colour, c1990s, printer technician SPR Shona Hastie operating a daylight film contacting frame. .10) - Photo, Colour, c1990s, LT Ian Stoddart taking a well-earned break. .1P to .10P– no annotationroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna, asr, litho

This is a set of 25 photograph of Print Troop Equipment in Lithographic Squadron, Army Survey Regiment at Fortuna, Bendigo, 1990. Photo .1P features the new Howson Algraphy Autoneg printing plate processor. It improved quality control and efficiency and allowed the conversion of printing plates for positive or negative use. The Heidelberg Speedmaster 102 shown in photos .2P to .4P was a computer-controlled five colour lithographic offset printing press. It provided the Royal Australian Survey Corps a vastly improved printing capability, as the five colours for a standard topographic map was printed in a single pass. The print room housing the Speedmaster printing press was named Wayzgoose Hall after a medieval printing house festival. Wayzgoose Hall and the Speedmaster printing capability was commissioned by the Commander of the 3rd Military District BRIG P. Davies AM, ADC on Wednesday 27th June 1990. This occasion is covered in more detail in page 145 of Valerie Lovejoy’s book 'Mapmakers of Fortuna – A history of the Army Survey Regiment’ ISBN: 0-646-42120-4. For additional photos, refer to item 6062.4P for more photos of the Heidelberg Speedmaster printing press. The Print Room’s Map Assessment and Colour Evaluation Stations in photos .5P to .12P provided the Printer Technician suitable viewing environments to perform quality assessments of map samples. See item 6151.35P for more information and photos of technicians using the equipment. The Print Room’s Map Handling Station in photo .15P to .20P provided ergonomic benefits to the Printer Technician and improved despatching productivity. See Item 6070.9P for more information and photos. The Wohlenberg MCS-2 guillotine seen in photos .21P & .22P was a heavy-duty guillotine integrated component of the Map Handling Station, to trim bulk printed map stock. See item 6069.6P for more information and photos of earlier types of guillotine equipment. This is a set of 25 photograph of Print Troop Equipment in Lithographic Squadron, Army Survey Regiment at Fortuna, Bendigo, 1990. The photographs are on 35mm colour slides and were scanned at 96 dpi. They are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. .1) - Photo, colour, c1990s, Howson Algraphy Autoneg printing plate processor .2) to .4) - Photo, colour, 1990. Heidelberg Speedmaster 102 computer-controlled five colour lithographic offset printing press .3) to .10) - Photo, colour, c1990s, Heidelberg Speedmaster CPC 1-04 control unit. .11) to .12) - Photo, colour, c1990s, Map Colour Evaluation Work Station. .13) to .14) - Photo, colour, c1990s, Linear printing plate registration punch. .15) to .20) - Photo, colour, c1990s, Print Room’s Map Handling Station. .21) to .22) - Photo, colour, c1990s, Wohlenberg MCS-2 guillotine. .23) - Photo, colour, c1990s, Print Room Power supply equipment. .24) to .25P - Photo, colour, c1990s, Print Room Crown Fork Lift..1P to .25P - There are no annotations stored with the 35mm slides.royal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna, asr, printing, litho