This letter holder could have been used in the past in an office or business or even in the home. It could have been used to hold letters that were to be answered or posted. Its size made it suitable for a small office. The item is of interest because of the testimonials on the label pasted on the base. One is from the British Prime Minister, William Gladstone and the other is from another British Prime Minister, the Marquis of Salisbury. Both testimonials indicate that they were written when the men were in office as Prime Ministers. This item has no known local significance but it is retained as an interesting example of office equipment in the past. This letter holder has a rectangular piece of wood acting as a base with a small hole at one end. The bottom of the base has a paper label pasted on. The label, a little torn, has black and yellow printing with details of the manufacturer. Affixed to the top of the base with metal clips is an arched piece of metal in a spiral shape. The spaces between the rings on the spiral metal piece are sufficiently taut to hold over 30 letters. The spiral rings are a little rusty.‘Iles’ Patent Premier Letter Rack’ office equipment, history of warrnambool

This item is from a collection donated by descendants of John Francis Turner of Wodonga. Mr Turner was born on 6 June 1885. He completed all of his schooling at Scots Boarding School in Albury, New South Wales. On leaving school, he was employed at Dalgety’s, Albury as an auctioneer. In 1924 John was promoted to Manager of the Wodonga Branch of Dalgety’s. On 15/03/1900 he married Beatrice Neal (born 7/12/1887 and died 7/2/1953) from Collingwood, Victoria. They had four daughters – Frances (Nancy), Heather, Jessie and Mary. In 1920, the family moved from Albury to Wodonga, purchasing their family home “Locherbie” at 169 High Street, Wodonga. "Locherbie" still stands in Wodonga in 2022. The collection contains items used by the Turner family during their life in Wodonga. Japanese pottery and ceramics had varying basemarks, particularly those designed for export. Some restrictions were due to requirements imposed by other countries after WW2. This Japanese type of china was advertised in the 1920's and 1930's. During the years of the American occupation of Japan (1945-1952), all exports from Japan were marked "Made in Occupied Japan" and after the occupation simply "Japan". This information helps to establish the provenance of items such as this toast rack.This item is representative of ceramic domestic items used in Australian homes in the 1920s and 1930s.A ceramic rectangular toast rack decorated with a cherry design. Each end is shaped as a shallow bowl and there are 3 upright dividers to support slices of toast. The cherry design is hand painted and then glazed. The bottom centre is stamped with MARUHON WARE, HAND PAINTED, JAPAN around a K in a circle.Underneath "Maruhon Ware/ K in circle/ HANDPAINTED/ JAPAN"domestic items, japanese pottery

The paper rack is an example of early 20th-century domestic furniture.Radk; paper or newspaper rack, rectangular wedge-shaped wooden frame, painted brown, with metal loops and wire for hanging against a wall. The front is a "picket fence design".flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, rack, paper rack, handmade, magazine rack, newspaper rack, domestic furnishing, storage, reading material storage

Softwood Timber rack with Bonny the Horse Alfred Pickering and Norm Gray 1926. T Barker Tank Maker and Timber Merchantstawell

ill, maps, p.112.non-fictionA history of the rack railways in Australia from Mt Morgan to Mt Lyell to industrial mining railways.rack railways - australia - history, railroad tracks -- australia -- history

ill, maps, p.52.non-fictionA history of the Mount Morgan rack railway in Queensland.railroad construction - queensland - history, rack railways - australia - history

Green ceramic with four rings on base, therefore it holds 3 pieces of toastEnglandkitchen, toast

Open wood container designed to hold letters, probably on a desk. The box has a design of swallows carrying letters on the frontLETTERShousehold item, letter rack

Twin Cylinder Racking EnginesHistoric - Industrial - Twin Cylinder Racking EnginesTwin Cylinder Racking Engines made of metal, iron and steeltwin cylinder racking engines, puffing billy

These metal time card racks were used at Foster Valley Mill, Geelong. Three metal racks with numbered cream cards and slots. Front: [embossed] IBMvalley worsted mill, foster valley mills, geelong, working life, time card racks, international business machines corporation, ibm, textile industry

A time clock, sometimes known as a clock card machine, punch clock, or time recorder, is a device that recorded the time an employee entered and left the factory. In mechanical time clocks, this was accomplished by inserting a heavy paper card, called a time card, into a slot on the time clock. When the time card hit a contact at the rear of the slot, the machine would print day and time information (a timestamp) on the card. One or more time cards could serve as a timesheet or provide the data to fill one. This allowed a timekeeper to have an official record of the hours an employee worked to calculate the pay owed an employee.Metal time card rack.time card, rack, employee, factory, timesheet, data, mechanical, punch clock

This photo depicts Arthritis Victoria op shop volunteer, Maureen Reid, posing for a photo in front of a rack of clothes and some shelves of handbags at the Malvern Opportunity Shop.COL medium close up photo of a woman inside a shop. She is wearing a white shirt and a checked tartan vest. She is standing in front of a rack of hanging clothes. Beside the clothes rack are some shelves containing handbags. There are two signs on the wall behind the clothes rack. On the bottom right corner of the photo image, there is a date stamp in bright orange digits: "18 4 '02".arthritis foundation of victoria, afv, opportunity shop, op shop, charity shop, thrift store, clothing, clothes rack, handbags, volunteers, members, malvern, 2000

The origins of the pen rack probably began when quill pens were being replaced by steel nib pens that were held at oblique angles for writing this method of writing started to gain popularity around 1820-1860. To understand the development of display racks to hold pens on a desk we need to understand the development of the pen itself. Before the early 19th-century steel pens were almost universally all barrel pens affixed to a holder pretty permanently. Pens were also not disposable. There were even steel pen repair services, just like the same services around at the time to repair you're fine quills. Individual slip nib pens which fit into a holder were originally pieces of a quill which came in a box of nibs and fit into a holder. These were disposable and meant to obviate the need to mend your quills. By 1831 you start to see more what they called “slip nib pens” or “portable pens” (easier to carry than a long barrel pen), but the idea of holding the nib at an oblique angle in the holder was an idea new enough that it warranted a patent. In 1831, an enterprising and very successful stationer and inventor, Sampson Mordan (inventor of the silver mechanical pencil) combined with one William Brockedon to patent the first oblique pen and oblique holder. In the patent application, they mention as the benefits that this would allow the writer to hold the pen more comfortably as well as it should allow the pen to last longer since both tines will be moving across the paper evenly. It appears at the time the idea of holding a pen obliquely was new. As a result of the popularity of the oblique pen many different designs of pen desk holders were being made, to keep pens suspended on a rack alleviated the possibility that the expensive new steel nibs with their holder could be damaged if left in a desk draw with other items.Double sided Pen Rack, decorative metal with four metal legsflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

One of the earliest electric trams in Victoria. This open tram design was commonly known as 'toast rack'. One is preserved , MMTB V Class 214, and resides at Hawthorn Tram Museum. Currently displayed as NMETL No. 13. See item 9331 for a photo of a saloon type tram on the traverser.Yields information about the Brill built toastrack tramcars used on the North Melbourne Tramways and Lighting Co. One of 5 open toast rack trams built by J G Brill & Co Ltd for the NMET&L Co Ltd. Builders photo at their workshop in 1906tramways, trams, brill, nmetl, tram 214, tram 13, v class

Two volunteer Arthritis Foundation of Victoria members chat while arranging clothes on the clothes racks at the Arthritis Foundation of Victoria's Malvern Opportunity Shop. The op shop was located at 1428 High Street, Malvern.COL photo of two women standing between several racks of hanging clothes inside a shop. The woman on the left is wearing a jade green Club Med t-shirt, and an aqua name badge with the text, "VOLUNTEER Arthritis Foundation of Victoria". The woman on the right is wearing a plain black t-shirt, and a yellow name badge with the text, "SUPERVISOR Arthritis Foundation of Victoria". Above the clothing rack behind them, there are several shelves on the wall containing basketry, electrical kitchen appliances, a lamp shade, and other miscellaneous items.arthritis foundation of victoria, afv, opportunity shop, op shop, charity shop, thrift store, fundraising, crocheted blanket, clothing, apparel, kitchen appliances, lampshade, baskets, basketry, volunteers, supervisor, members, malvern, 1999

At some point, Arthritis Victoria's Moonee Ponds opportunity shop was relocated to new premises at 10 Everage Street. In this photo, volunteer Rachael Stevenson poses for a photo in front of several racks of clothing at the Everage St shop.COL medium close up photo of a woman inside a shop. She is wearing a a red sweatshirt. She is standing in front of several racks of clothing, which vary in height. At the front of the shortest rack (to the right of the frame), there is a handwritten sign on an orange piece of paper which says, "LADIES SLACKS $3". On the wall behind the clothing racks, there are some posters and signs. One is a handwritten sign with red text on white paper. It says, "ALL CLOTHING ON THESE 5 RACKS, $3.00 PER PIECE", with some additional text below, "A SUIT OF JACKET & TROUSERS (OR SKIRT) = 2 PIECES". One of the posters is titled, "Make a Splash About Arthritis!", with the sub-heading, "Water exercise is a great way to keep your joints moving." It depicts people doing various types of water exercise and/or therapy in swimming pools or a hot tub. Another poster depicts a middle-aged woman holding a small dumbbell in one hand. Beside the image is the text, "ACTIVE LIVING: GET STRONGER" (partially obscured). In the bottom right corner of the photo image, there is a date stamp in bright orange digits: "16 4 '02".arthritis foundation of victoria, afv, opportunity shop, op shop, charity shop, thrift store, relocation, new premises, clothing racks, hanging racks, vintage clothes, second-hand clothes, posters, rachael stevenson, volunteer, everage street, moonee ponds, 2002

At some point, Arthritis Victoria's Moonee Ponds opportunity shop was relocated to new premises at 10 Everage Street. In this photo, volunteer Rachael Stevenson poses for a photo in front of several racks of clothing at the Everage St shop.COL medium close up photo of a woman inside a shop. She is wearing a a red sweatshirt. She is standing in front of several racks of clothing, which vary in height. At the front of the shortest rack (to the right of the frame), there is a handwritten sign on an orange piece of paper which says, "LADIES SLACKS $3" (partially obscured). On the wall behind the clothing racks, there are some posters and signs. One is a handwritten sign with red text on white paper. It says, "ALL CLOTHING ON THESE 5 RACKS, $3.00 PER PIECE", with some additional text below, "A SUIT OF JACKET & TROUSERS (OR SKIRT) = 2 PIECES". One of the posters is titled, "Make a Splash About Arthritis!", with the sub-heading, "Water exercise is a great way to keep your joints moving." It depicts people doing various types of water exercise and/or therapy in swimming pools or a hot tub. Another poster depicts a middle-aged woman holding a small dumbbell in one hand. Beside the image is the text, "ACTIVE..." (partially obscured). In the bottom right corner of the photo image, there is a date stamp in bright orange digits: "16 4 '02".[Handwritten in blue ink] Rachael Stevenson Moonee Ponds op shoparthritis foundation of victoria, afv, opportunity shop, op shop, charity shop, thrift store, relocation, new premises, clothing racks, hanging racks, vintage clothes, second-hand clothes, posters, rachael stevenson, volunteer, everage street, moonee ponds, 2002

This photo depicts Arthritis Victoria op shop volunteer, Renate Kupfe, posing for a photo in front of some racks and shelves of clothing at the Malvern Opportunity Shop.COL medium close up photo of a woman inside a shop. She is wearing a white t-shirt with a leopard print scarf. She is standing in front of a hanging rack of shirts and jackets on coathangers and a bookshelf of folded clothes. There are some boxes on top of the bookcase. On the bottom right corner of the photo image, there is a date stamp in bright orange digits: "18 4 '02".arthritis foundation of victoria, afv, opportunity shop, op shop, charity shop, thrift store, clothing, clothes rack, vintage clothing, bookcase, volunteers, members, malvern, 2000

Arthritis Foundation of Victoria Malvern Opportunity Shop's Treasurer, Mavis Weller, and Secretary, Margot Oliver, peruse two full racks of clothing. The op shop was located at 1428 High Street, Malvern. A similar photo (in which one of the women is smiling broadly) appears on page 5 of the Arthritis Foundation of Victoria's quarterly magazine, Arthritis Update. It accompanies an article titled, "New Op Shop Officers", under the "People" section. The photo is captioned: "Mavis, foreground, and Margo sort garments at the Op Shop."B&W photo of two women standing between two hanging clothes racks full of clothes. They are standing close, with their backs to one another, perusing the garments at close range.[Handwritten in blue ink] Aug '92 - Mavis Weller (L) [the 'L' is circled] and Margot Oliver (R) - Respective Treasurer and Secretary AFV Op Shoparthritis foundation of victoria, afv, opportunity shop, op shop, charity shop, thrift store, fundraising, volunteers, mavis weller, treasurer, margot oliver, secretary, malvern, arthritis update, 1992

A photo of the interior of the Arthritis Foundation of Victoria's Moonee Ponds Opportunity Shop. The photo depicts the shop after donations have been arranged for display. There are racks of clothing and bookshelves with various items, including soft toys, baskets, kitchenware, and bric-a-brac.COL photo of the interior of a shop. There are several clothes racks in the centre of the room, with clothes hanging neatly from them. In the background, there is a counter, bookshelves, and some wall-mounted shelves. Various donated items have been arranged neatly on the shelving, including soft toys, baskets, some boxed items, kitchenware, and bric-a-brac.[Handwritten in blue ink] Looking goodarthritis foundation of victoria, afv, opportunity shop, op shop, charity shop, thrift store, clothing, clothes racks, soft toys, crockery, bric-a-brac, basketry, baskets, donations, moonee ponds, 2000