Showing 69 items matching "reich"
-
Bendigo Military MuseumUniform - RIDING SPURS, P. FENNIG DEUTSCHES REICH 1899, 1899
... On wheel - “P FENNIG DEUTCHES REICH 1899”...P. FENNIG DEUTSCHES REICH 1899...Uniform RIDING SPURS P. FENNIG DEUTSCHES REICH 1899 ...Collection of James Knopp. Reg No. 1515.1. & 2. Pair of riding spurs with leather fitting clamp and leather adjustable book straps.1. On wheel - decorative engraving. 2. On wheel - “P FENNIG DEUTCHES REICH 1899”passchendaele barracks trust, james knopp, equipment, riding spurs, 1899, pbt 51 and 52 -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps MuseumPhotograph, Albert Katz and Fred Reich, November 1991
... Albert Katz and Fred Reich...Albert Katz, standing, Fred Reich, sitting, at table. 4 glasses. Fred in grey suit, Fred in dark....Albert Katz and Fred Reich Photograph Photograph ...Dunera reunion.Black and white photograph of Dunera reunion. Albert Katz, standing, Fred Reich, sitting, at table. 4 glasses. Fred in grey suit, Fred in dark.dunera boys, albert katz, fred reich -
Bendigo Military MuseumBook - BOOK, POW'S, P.O.W. Australian Prisoners of War in Hitler's Reich, 2011
... Australian Prisoners of War in Hitler's Reich.......reich...Australian Prisoners of War in Hitler's Reich. Book BOOK, POW'S Peter Monteath Pan Macmillan Australia Pty Limited McPherson Printing Group ...Australians from every branch of our armed forces in WWII found themselves captives in Hitler's notorious prisoner of war camps.Cover - soft cardboard,black, cream & white print on front, spine & back. Background photo in black, white & red of soldiers in uniform sitting & standing. 523 pages, cut plain white paper. Illustrated with black & white photos & maps.books-military-history, pow's, reich -
Bendigo Military MuseumBook - BOOK, German WW2, Brian Leigh Davis et al, Badges & Insignia of the Third Reich 1933-1945, 1997
... Badges & Insignia of the Third Reich 1933-1945...From back cover: German badges and insignia used during the period of the Third Reich 1933-45 were both numerous and multifarious. ...Bendigo Military Museum 37 - 39 Pall Mall Bendigo goldfields From back cover: German badges and insignia used during the period of the Third Reich 1933-45 were both numerous and multifarious. ...From back cover: German badges and insignia used during the period of the Third Reich 1933-45 were both numerous and multifarious. This book is about the cloth badges and insignia used by these German uniformed formations. Peter Ball collection, refer Cat No 4704.Hard cardboard cover, glossy coated finish. Dark brown & black print on front, spine & back. White colour background with coloured badges & insignia displayed on front & back. Paper dust cover covered with plastic, print & colours as above. 208 pages, cut, plain, white. Illustrated in black / white & colour photos, badges & insignia. Handwritten in blue ink front fly leaf: “Peter C Ball” In pencil top R corner: “$27, 118.549 Kew 4 10” Top L: “1507” book, insignia, german 1939 - 45 -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps MuseumPaperback Book, Simon & Schuster (Australia) Pty. Ltd, Interrupted Journeys - Young Refugees from Hitlers Reich, 2004
... Interrupted Journeys - Young Refugees from Hitlers Reich....Title "Interrupted Journeys - Young Refugees from Hitlers Reich". Alan Gill (author). Nazi stamp bottom left hand corner. ...Interrupted Journeys - Young Refugees from Hitlers Reich. Paperback Book Simon & Schuster (Australia) Pty. ...Jewish refugees from Germany and Austria in pre WW2 "kinder transport" and "Dunera" sent from the UK. 1940 to Australia, Camp 2 Tatura and Hay NSW CampsThese Jewish children's stories of their escape from Nazi Germany most of them assisted by loving parents - many of whom were unable to get visas for themselves - whom the children never saw again as they died in the death camps.Paperback. Cover - photo of teacher leading a group of children, all smiling. Title "Interrupted Journeys - Young Refugees from Hitlers Reich". Alan Gill (author). Nazi stamp bottom left hand corner. Back cover - photo of children (Jewish) on board ship, waving goodbye. This book tells the story of young German and Austrian children fleeing from Nazi oppression to England and later (1940) to Australian Internment Camps.as above. This book is dedicated to Henry Lippman and the late Oswald Von Wolkenstein by author Alan Gill. (two of the "Dunera" Jewish refugee internees. -
Lara RSL Sub BranchNewspaper - The Sun My War Part 52 Dated 3/5/1945, Delay won't be long - Doenitz Heads Broken Reich : Is Hitler Dead?
... Delay won't be long - Doenitz Heads Broken Reich : Is Hitler Dead?...Lara RSL Sub Branch McClelland Ave Lara Newspaper The Sun dated 3/5/1945 Local Newspaper with articles about World War 2 ending Newspaper My War Part 52 The Sun dated 3/5/1945 Delay won't be long - Doenitz Heads Broken Reich : Is Hitler Dead? Newspaper The Sun My War Part 52 Dated 3/5/1945 ...Newspaper The Sun dated 3/5/1945Newspaper My War Part 52 The Sun dated 3/5/1945Local Newspaper with articles about World War 2 ending -
Warrnambool RSL Sub BranchBook, PARIS IN THE THIRD REICH. A History of the German Occupation 1940-1944
... PARIS IN THE THIRD REICH. A History of the German Occupation 1940-1944...Author; David Pryce-Jones Michael Rand, picture editor St James’s Place London: 1981 Hard Cover with dust cover PARIS IN THE THIRD REICH. A History of the German Occupation 1940-1944 Book ...Hard Cover with dust coverAuthor; David Pryce-Jones Michael Rand, picture editor St James’s Place London: 1981 ww2. paris. occupation. -
Warrnambool RSL Sub BranchBook, THE RISE AND FALL OF THE THIRD REICH. A HISTORY OF NAZI GERMANY
... THE RISE AND FALL OF THE THIRD REICH. A HISTORY OF NAZI GERMANY...THE RISE AND FALL OF THE THIRD REICH. A HISTORY OF NAZI GERMANY Book ...Hard Cover with Dust Cover.Illustrated and abridged Author William Shirer Publisher; Bison Books Ltd. London Published 1987 ISBN 0-86124-385-4 -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, Macmillan, P.O.W. : Australian prisoners of war in Hitler's Reich, 2011
... . : Australian prisoners of war in Hitler's Reich.... : Australian prisoners of war in Hitler's Reich Book Macmillan Peter Monteath ...Australians from every field of conflict in World War II found themselves as prisoners in Hitler's notorious Stalags, or prisoner of war camps. Most were forced to labour in factories, down mines or on the land - often in conditions of enormous privation and hardship. All suffered from shortages, overcrowding and the mental strain of imprisonment. Peter Monteath's fascinating narrative history is exhaustively researched, and compelling in its detailed evocation.Index, bibliography, notes, ill, p.523.non-fictionAustralians from every field of conflict in World War II found themselves as prisoners in Hitler's notorious Stalags, or prisoner of war camps. Most were forced to labour in factories, down mines or on the land - often in conditions of enormous privation and hardship. All suffered from shortages, overcrowding and the mental strain of imprisonment. Peter Monteath's fascinating narrative history is exhaustively researched, and compelling in its detailed evocation.world war 1939 – 1945 - prisons and prisoners – germany, prisoners of war - australia -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich, 1981
... Inside the Third Reich...Index, notes, ill, p.699. Inside the Third Reich Book Albert Speer Sphere ...Memoirs of the man who was appointed as the head architect and minister of armaments and war production for the Nazi government.Index, notes, ill, p.699.non-fictionMemoirs of the man who was appointed as the head architect and minister of armaments and war production for the Nazi government.germany - politics and government - 1933-1945, albert speer - autobiography -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, Penguin Books, The coming of the Third Reich, 2004
... The coming of the Third Reich...The coming of the Third Reich Book Penguin Books Richard J Evans ...n 1900, Germany was one of modernity's great success stories: The most progressive and dynamic nation in Europe, it was the only country whose rapid economic growth and innovation rivaled that of the United States. Its political culture was far less authoritarian than Russia's and less anti-Semitic than France's. Representative institutions thrived, and competing political parties and elections were a central part of life. How, then, could it be that in little more than a generation this stable modern country would fall into the hands of Adolf Hitler and the violent, racist, extremist political movement he led, a movement that would lead Germany and then all of Europe into utter moral, physical, and cultural ruin?" "There is no story in twentieth-century history more important to understand, and Richard Evans has written the definitive account for our time. A masterful synthesis of a vast body of scholarly work integrated with important new research and interpretations, Evans's history restores drama and contingency to the rise to power of Hitler and the Nazis, even as he shows how ready Germany was by the early 1930s for such a takeover to occur. Its citizens were angry and embittered by military defeat and economic ruin, and its young democracy undermined by a civil service, an army, and a law enforcement system deeply alienated from the new order. The electorate was beset by growing extremism and panic about communism; and the small but successful Jewish community was subject to wide-spread suspicion and resentment. In the end, though nothing about what happened was preordained, Germany proved to be fertile ground for Nazism's ideology of hatred.Index, bibliography, ill, maps, p.335.non-fictionn 1900, Germany was one of modernity's great success stories: The most progressive and dynamic nation in Europe, it was the only country whose rapid economic growth and innovation rivaled that of the United States. Its political culture was far less authoritarian than Russia's and less anti-Semitic than France's. Representative institutions thrived, and competing political parties and elections were a central part of life. How, then, could it be that in little more than a generation this stable modern country would fall into the hands of Adolf Hitler and the violent, racist, extremist political movement he led, a movement that would lead Germany and then all of Europe into utter moral, physical, and cultural ruin?" "There is no story in twentieth-century history more important to understand, and Richard Evans has written the definitive account for our time. A masterful synthesis of a vast body of scholarly work integrated with important new research and interpretations, Evans's history restores drama and contingency to the rise to power of Hitler and the Nazis, even as he shows how ready Germany was by the early 1930s for such a takeover to occur. Its citizens were angry and embittered by military defeat and economic ruin, and its young democracy undermined by a civil service, an army, and a law enforcement system deeply alienated from the new order. The electorate was beset by growing extremism and panic about communism; and the small but successful Jewish community was subject to wide-spread suspicion and resentment. In the end, though nothing about what happened was preordained, Germany proved to be fertile ground for Nazism's ideology of hatred.germany - politics and government 1933-1939, germany - nazi party -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, Julian Thompson, WW2 victory in Europe experience : from D-Day to the destruction of the Third Reich, 2005
... WW2 victory in Europe experience : from D-Day to the destruction of the Third Reich...WW2 victory in Europe experience : from D-Day to the destruction of the Third Reich Book Julian Thompson. Carlton Publishing Group ...Photographic essay of victory in Europe including facsimiles of historical documentsIll, DVD, memorabilia, p.65.non-fictionPhotographic essay of victory in Europe including facsimiles of historical documents world war 1939-1945 - history, world war 1939-1945 - campaigns - europe -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, MacDonald and Company, Battle for Berlin: End of the Third Reich, 1968
... Battle for Berlin: End of the Third Reich...Battle for Berlin: End of the Third Reich Book MacDonald and Company Earl J Ziemke ...The concluding battles of World War TwoIll, p.159.non-fictionThe concluding battles of World War Twoworld war 1939-1945 - campaigns - germany, fall of berlin -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, Joseph E. Persico, Piercing the Reich : the penetration of Nazi Germany by OSS agents during World War II, 1980
... Piercing the Reich : the penetration of Nazi Germany by OSS agents during World War II ...Monbulk RSL Sub Branch 48 Main Road Monbulk yarra-valley-and-the-dandenong-ranges World war 1939-1945 - Espionage Office of Strategic Services This book tells for the first time the full story of the infiltration of Germany by the Office of Strategic Services, a closely guarded secret for over thirty years Ill, index, p.464. Piercing the Reich : the penetration of Nazi Germany by OSS agents during World War II Book Joseph E. ...This book tells for the first time the full story of the infiltration of Germany by the Office of Strategic Services, a closely guarded secret for over thirty yearsIll, index, p.464.non-fictionThis book tells for the first time the full story of the infiltration of Germany by the Office of Strategic Services, a closely guarded secret for over thirty yearsworld war 1939-1945 - espionage, office of strategic services -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Folder, The Long Arm of the Third Reich, 2003
... The Long Arm of the Third Reich...The Long Arm of the Third Reich Folder ...Written by Christine Winter and printed for the Journal of Pacific History. Vol. 38, No 1. 2003plastic sleeves with documents.winter c, new guinea, camp 3, tatura, ww2 camp 1, books, history, local -
Lilydale RSL Sub BranchBook - Book (Paperback) Box Set, James Lucas, The Last Days of the Reich, 2000
... The Last Days of the Reich...Lilydale RSL Sub Branch 52 Anderson Street Lilydale yarra-valley-and-the-dandenong-ranges Book The Last Days of the Reich Book Book (Paperback) Box Set James Lucas Cassell Military Paperbacks Cox & Wyman ...Book -
Ringwood RSL Sub-BranchBook - WW2, Inside Hitler's Germany Life Under the Third Reich, 2000
... Inside Hitler's Germany Life Under the Third Reich...Ringwood RSL Sub-Branch 16 Station Street Ringwood melbourne Hard cover, with dust cover 224 pages Text with black and white photos Inside Hitler's Germany Life Under the Third Reich Book - WW2 ...Hard cover, with dust cover 224 pages Text with black and white photos -
Mrs Aeneas Gunn Memorial LibraryBook, Odhams, Himmler : the evil genius of the Third Reich, 1953
... Himmler : the evil genius of the Third Reich...Himmler : the evil genius of the Third Reich Book Odhams Willi Frischauer. ...A biography of Heinrich HimmlerIndex, ill, p.269.non-fictionA biography of Heinrich Himmlernazis - germany - biography, germany - history 1933-1945 -
Moorabbin Air Museum
Book - BATTLE OVER THE THIRD REICH, WERNER HELD, 1990
... BATTLE OVER THE THIRD REICH...Moorabbin Air Museum Moorabbin Airport 12 First Street Moorabbin melbourne BATTLE OVER THE THIRD REICH Book BATTLE OVER THE THIRD REICH WERNER HELD AIR RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS ... -
Moorabbin Air Museum
Book - THE WARPLANES OF THE THIRD REICH, MACDONALD & CO (PUBLISHERS) LTD, 1972
... THE WARPLANES OF THE THIRD REICH...Moorabbin Air Museum Moorabbin Airport 12 First Street Moorabbin melbourne THE WARPLANES OF THE THIRD REICH Book THE WARPLANES OF THE THIRD REICH MACDONALD & CO (PUBLISHERS) LTD WILLIAM GREEN ... -
Lara RSL Sub BranchMoney, German Reichsmark Coins
... It is an historic coin of the failed Third Reich....One side depicts a Nazi Eagle holding a swastika with the legend "Deutsches Reich", along with the date of 1939 and denomination of 2 dm. ...It is an historic coin of the failed Third Reich. One side depicts a Nazi Eagle holding a swastika with the legend "Deutsches Reich", along with the date of 1939 and denomination of 2 dm. ...Nazi Germany silver 2 Reichsmark Hindenburg/Swastika. This historic silver 2 Reichsmark was struck by Nazi Germany from 1936 until production was halted by the start of World War II in 1939. It is an historic coin of the failed Third Reich.German 2 Reichsmark Coin. A silver circular coin dated 1939. The coin is approximately the size of a quarter and has an unusual lettered edge which reads, "Gemeinnutz geht vor Eigennutz" and translates roughly to "Common good comes before self".One side depicts a Nazi Eagle holding a swastika with the legend "Deutsches Reich", along with the date of 1939 and denomination of 2 dm. The other side pictures Paul Von Hindenburg with 1847-1934. On the edge of the coin -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps MuseumCurrency - Coin, 1939 5 Reichpfennig
... Third Reich 5 Reichspfennig Edge Description: Reeded...Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum 49 Hogan Street Tatura the-murray Beck Coin Currency Third Reich Obverse: Eagle above swastika within wreath Reverse: Denomination, oak leaves below Third Reich 5 Reichspfennig Edge Description: Reeded 1939 5 Reichpfennig Currency Coin ...Third Reich 5 Reichspfennig Edge Description: ReededObverse: Eagle above swastika within wreath Reverse: Denomination, oak leaves belowbeck, coin, currency, third reich -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps MuseumCurrency - Coin, 1939 10 Reichmarkspfennig
... Country Germany - Third Reich Denomination 10 reichspfennig Year 1939 Period Nazi Germany (Third Reich) (1933 - 1945) Coin type Circulation coins Edge type Reeded Shape Round Alignment Medal (0°) ...Made entirely of aluminium, the 50 Reichspfennig is an emergency issue type, similar to the zinc 1, 5, and 10 Reichspfennig coins from the same period. Third Reich Beck Coin Currency Obverse: Eagle above swastika within wreath Reverse: Denomination, oak leaves below Country Germany - Third Reich Denomination 10 reichspfennig Year 1939 Period Nazi Germany (Third Reich) (1933 - 1945) Coin type Circulation coins Edge type Reeded Shape Round Alignment Medal (0°) 1939 10 Reichmarkspfennig Currency Coin ...The 50 Reichspfennig coin was minted by Nazi Germany between 1939 and 1944 during World War II. It is worth 1/2 or .50 of a Reichsmark. Made entirely of aluminium, the 50 Reichspfennig is an emergency issue type, similar to the zinc 1, 5, and 10 Reichspfennig coins from the same period. Country Germany - Third Reich Denomination 10 reichspfennig Year 1939 Period Nazi Germany (Third Reich) (1933 - 1945) Coin type Circulation coins Edge type Reeded Shape Round Alignment Medal (0°) Obverse: Eagle above swastika within wreath Reverse: Denomination, oak leaves belowthird reich, beck, coin, currency -
Dandenong/Cranbourne RSL Sub BranchMemorabilia - Pendant " Cross of Mother" Der Deutschen Mutter, Circa 1938
... ...reich...The Cross of Honour of the German Mother (German: Ehrenkreuz der Deutschen Mutter), referred to colloquially as the Mutterehrenkreuz (Mother's Cross of Honour) or simply Mutterkreuz (Mother's Cross), was a state decoration conferred by the government of the German Reich to honour a Reichsdeutsche German mother for exceptional merit to the German nation.Eligibility later extended to include Volksdeutsche (ethnic German) mothers from, for example, Austria and Sudetenland, that had earlier been incorporated into the German Reich. ...A similar practice, that continues to this present day, was already established in France since 1920, by conferring the Médaille de la Famille française (Medal of the French Family), a tribute to the French mother who raised several children in an appropriate way. german medal the cross of honour of the german mother ehrenkreuz der deutschen mutter mutterehrenkreuz reich third reich german reich mutterkreuz Der Deutchen Mutter on front 16 Dezember 1938 by H...… ?? ...The Cross of Honour of the German Mother (German: Ehrenkreuz der Deutschen Mutter), referred to colloquially as the Mutterehrenkreuz (Mother's Cross of Honour) or simply Mutterkreuz (Mother's Cross), was a state decoration conferred by the government of the German Reich to honour a Reichsdeutsche German mother for exceptional merit to the German nation.Eligibility later extended to include Volksdeutsche (ethnic German) mothers from, for example, Austria and Sudetenland, that had earlier been incorporated into the German Reich. The decoration was conferred from 1939 until 1945[5] in three classes: bronze, silver, and gold, to Reichsdeutsche mothers who exhibited probity, exemplary motherhood, and who conceived and raised at least four or more children in the role of a parent. A similar practice, that continues to this present day, was already established in France since 1920, by conferring the Médaille de la Famille française (Medal of the French Family), a tribute to the French mother who raised several children in an appropriate way.The cross design is a slender elongated form of the Iron Cross or cross pattée and very similar in design to the Marian Cross of the Teutonic Knights Order (Marianerkreuz des Deutschen Ritterordens), enamelled translucent-blue with a slim opaque-white border. Resting on the centre radiant starburst rays is a metal roundel decorated with the words ”DER DEUTSCHEN MUTTER” (In English: TO THE GERMAN MOTHER) around an enamelled black straight centred “swastika” symbol, infilled white enamel. Der Deutchen Mutter on front 16 Dezember 1938 by H...… ??german medal, the cross of honour of the german mother, ehrenkreuz der deutschen mutter, mutterehrenkreuz, reich, third reich, german reich, mutterkreuz -
Dandenong/Cranbourne RSL Sub BranchUniform - Belt Buckle (German), Circa 1936
... Aluminium (RAD) Reich Labour buckle with leather tab by L. ...1936 stamped on leather strap. Aluminium (RAD) Reich Labour buckle with leather tab by L. ...Aluminium (RAD) Reich Labour buckle with leather tab by L. Gottlieb & Schnee, Oberstein 1936. has two metal claws at rear.1936 stamped on leather strap. -
Bendigo Military MuseumCoin - GERMAN COIN, 1940
... Otherside has 10 "Reichs Pfennic". ...Otherside has 10 "Reichs Pfennic". Coin GERMAN COIN ...Coin, metal, round 1940. One side has a German Eagle holding a circular object with the Swastika in the middle. Otherside has 10 "Reichs Pfennic". coins, currency, german -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History RoomFilm - DVD, Rommel The Desert Fox
... The War File Rommel The Desert Fox "A tireless fighter in the case of the Fuhrer & the Third Reich" General Von Runstedt...4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room 4/19 PWLH Regiment, Building 78 Simpson Barracks Macleod melbourne Rommel WW2 The War File Rommel The Desert Fox "A tireless fighter in the case of the Fuhrer & the Third Reich" General Von Runstedt DVD in case Rommel The Desert Fox Film DVD ...RommelDVD in caseThe War File Rommel The Desert Fox "A tireless fighter in the case of the Fuhrer & the Third Reich" General Von Runstedtww2 -
Bendigo Military MuseumBook - BOOK, WW2, Karen Farrington, Normandy to Berlin, 2005
... Normandy to Berlin, Into the Heart of the Third Reich. 60th Anniversary Special Edition....Bendigo Military Museum 37 - 39 Pall Mall Bendigo goldfields Normandy to Berlin, Into the Heart of the Third Reich. 60th Anniversary Special Edition. book normandy berlin Handwritten in black on front fly leaf. ...Normandy to Berlin, Into the Heart of the Third Reich. 60th Anniversary Special Edition.Soft cardboard cover. Black / white / yellow print on front & spine, white print on back. Background is dark blue, front sepia photo of 4 soldiers in a battle scene with aircraft overhead. 144 pages, cut, plain, white. Illustrated, black & white photos & diagrams. Handwritten in black on front fly leaf. "Donated by Len Burkes family. RSL stamp"book, normandy, berlin -
Box Hill Historical SocietyPhotograph - Tai chi lesson
... Woman on right with hands on head, Wilma Reich, behind her partially, Guiseppe Reich. ...Woman on right with hands on head, Wilma Reich, behind her partially, Guiseppe Reich. ...Tai Chi lesson at the Carrington Centre during the Chinese Senior Citizens Festival with an Italian group from St Francis Xavier. Man in front with hands on head, Father Marcellino. Woman on right with hands on head, Wilma Reich, behind her partially, Guiseppe Reich. See p. 61 "The Days We Remember"B&W photocarrington centre, festivals and celebrations, sports and recreations -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps MuseumCurrency - Coin, 1941 50 Reichpfennig
... Lettering: Deutsches Reich 1940 Reverse: Denomination and two oak leaves. ...Beck Coin currency Third Reich Obverse: Reichsadler with swastika. Lettering: Deutsches Reich 1940 Reverse: Denomination and two oak leaves. ...The 50 Reichspfennig coin was minted by Nazi Germany between 1939 and 1944 during World War II. It is worth 1/2 or .50 of a Reichsmark. Made entirely of aluminium, the 50 Reichspfennig is an emergency issue type, similar to the zinc 1, 5, and 10 Reichspfennig coins from the same period.Obverse: Reichsadler with swastika. Lettering: Deutsches Reich 1940 Reverse: Denomination and two oak leaves. Mintmark below the denomination and between leaves. Lettering: 50 Reichspfennig Abeck, coin, currency, third reich
