Thomas Edison (1847–1931), an American, invented the phonograph in 1877, making it possible to record sound waves vertically and reproduce them on a wax cylinder so they could be heard again. Later, the German American, Emile Berliner (1851-1929), improved on Edison’s principles, greatly increasing the quality of the reproduced sounds with his invention of the gramophone in 1887, which recorded the sound waves laterally onto a flat shellac disc, or ‘record’. Records could be mass-produced in a factory where audio recordings were converted to a physical copy of that recording on a plate-sized disc. A gramophone machine reproduced the sound by spinning the record on a turntable at a specified number of rotations per minute (RPM) and using a stylus or needle to transfer the vibration via a membrane to a speaker, which amplified the sound. Berliner helped set up affiliated businesses overseas. One of his representatives was William Barry Owen (1860–1914), who, on 23 February 1889, partnered with Edmund Trevor Lloyd Williams (1859–1946) in England to register The Gramophone Company. His Master’s Voice (HMV) soon became the company’s major recording label, popular worldwide. The business based the label's logo of a dog looking into a gramophone horn for ‘his master’s voice’ was based on a painting by English artist Francis Barraud, which featured a terrier called Nipper beside a gramophone. Early gramophone records were mostly made from a material referred to as shellac, a natural ingredient combined with slate powder, and a filler of manilla copal, wood resin, carnauba wax, and carbon black. Although Bakelite seemed a useful, synthetic product, it was unsuccessful as a product for records. Around the time of World War II, lightweight, flexible synthetic vinyl records began replacing shellac records. Common diameters of records: 7 inch, 10 inch, 12 inch and 16 inch Revolutions Per Minute include: 33 1/3, 45, 78 Minutes per side of record: 3, 5.5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15 and 22 Labels, in minutes per side: Single Play 3-5 min, Extended Play (EP) 7-12 min, Long Play (LP) 12-22 minThis gramophone represents a step in the evolution of recording sound. In the 19th century, the human voice was first recorded on wax cylinders and replayed. It was the beginning of a new era in sound. Then, in the 1880s, voice could be recorded onto flat discs like this record, reliably reproduced and replayed many times, even on portable devices. Later, in the mid-20th century the following generation of electronic audio recording began, and later that century, digital recording gave even better reproduction. The record represents a popular means of entertainment for personal and social activities, as well as in some businesses. Shellac gramophone record with a green and gold label. Title: The Wedding of Sandy McNab Artist: Harry Lauder Publisher: Zonophone Records England Size: 10 inch Number: X-42793flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, gramophone, phonograph, sound waves, record, reproduction, audio record, music, sound, thomas edison, emile berliner, 1887, shellac, rpm, william barry owen, edmund trevor lloyd williams, the gramophone company, his master’s voice, hmv, francis barraud, nipper, 10 inch, zonophone record, england, x-42793, the wedding of sandy mcnab, harry lauder

Edison Records was one of the early record labels that pioneered sound recording and reproduction, and was an important player in the early recording industry. The first phonograph cylinders were manufactured in 1888, followed by Edison's foundation of the Edison Phonograph Company in the same year. The recorded wax cylinders, later replaced by Blue Amberol cylinders, and vertical-cut Diamond Discs, were manufactured by Edison's National Phonograph Company from 1896 on, reorganized as Thomas A. Edison, Inc. in 1911. Until 1910 the recordings did not carry the names of the artists. The company began to lag behind its rivals in the 1920s, both technically and in the popularity of its artists, and halted production of recordings in 1929. Thomas A. Edison invented the phonograph, the first device for recording and playing back sound, in 1877. After patenting the invention and benefiting from the publicity and acclaim it received, Edison and his laboratory turned their attention to the commercial development of electric lighting, playing no further role in the development of the phonograph for nearly a decade. Start of the Recording Industry: In 1887, Edison turned his attention back to improving the phonograph and the phonograph cylinder. The following year, the Edison company introduced the ”Perfected Phonograph”. Edison introduced wax cylinders approximately 4+1⁄4 inches (11 cm) long and 2+1⁄4 inches (5.7 cm) in external diameter, which became the industry standard. They had a maximum playing time of about 3 minutes at 120 RPM, but around the turn of the century the standard speed was increased to (first 144) and then 160 RPM to improve clarity and volume, reducing the maximum to about 2 minutes and 15 seconds. Several experimental wax cylinder recordings of music and speech made in 1888 still exist. The wax entertainment cylinder made its commercial debut in 1889 at first, the only customers were entrepreneurs who installed nickel-in-the-slot phonographs in amusement arcades, saloons and other public places. At that time, a phonograph cost the equivalent of several months' wages for the average worker and was driven by an electric motor powered by hazardous, high-maintenance wet cell batteries. After more affordable spring-motor-driven phonographs designed for home use were introduced in 1895, the industry of producing recorded entertainment cylinders for sale to the general public began in earnest. Blank records were an important part of the business early on. Most phonographs had or could be fitted with attachments for the users to make their own recordings. One important early use, in line with the original term for a phonograph as a "talking machine", was in business for recording dictation. Attachments were added to facilitate starting, stopping, and skipping back the recording for dictation and playback by stenographers. The business phonograph eventually evolved into a separate device from the home entertainment phonograph. Edison's brand of business phonograph was called the Ediphone. The collection of three phonograph cylinders are an example of early recorded music use for domestic entertainment. They are significant as they represent the beginnings of the modern recording industry.Cardboard tube-shaped gramophone cylinder box with lid. The printed label on the outside of the box advertises the maker and patent details. The Catalogue Number and Title are either printed or hand written on the cylinder’s lid. This cylinder was made by Edison 1908 and contains Record number 53 by Sandy McNab. c. 1908On label “Edison Record No. 53, Sandy McNab" and "Form no. 1130, April 1908. Patented December 6 1904, No. 2109, and December 6 1904 No. 2110. “This record is sold by the National Phonograph Company of Australia Ltd, at Sydney Australia.” Trade Mark Thomas A. Edison warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, gramophone record, gramophone cylinder, edison cylinder, edison record, home entertainment, music recording, edison laboratory orange nj, usa, national phonograph company of australia ltd sydney, thomas a. edison

Hard Cover without Dust Jacket – 242 pagesnon-fiction

In 1905 Richard Squire was manager of the West Berry Consols at Allendale, and developed an improved system of mine ventilation, which was supported in "The Age."[4] He was successful in combating and remedying the gas and ventilation troubles of the Deep Mines of Creswick and Allendale Districts after all had failed.[5] MINE MANAGERS’ ASSOCIATION. Ballarat Branch. ... Mr R. B. Squire, manager of the West Berry Consols, at Allendale, submitted a paper detailing what he had done tor the betterment of ventilation in the alluvial mines of Smeaton and Mary borough districts- Members gave Mr Squire every credit for the results that he claimed to have effected; the adoption of his ideas had testified to their value to mine-owners. It was painted out, however, that for want of a thorough debate of the subject with experienced men the author had unwittingly included some general statements that required modifying in some points and extending in others, in justice to other workers among the earlier and the present day managers of mines. It was decided to invite the author to meet a sub-committee on this subject![6]Handwritten letters from Richard Squire to his son Tom and Family reporting happening at the mine richard squire, tom squire, engine trouble, basil, f.l. smythe broker, trembath, w. ryall, mt mercer, flu, plant, skids, pump, c. hayes, illness, poppet, carburetor, mum, ned, shaft, balance weight, hazel squire, pearson, pulleys, syndicate, goon, len hopkins, suction, dunstown, lease, jim squire, bannockburn, nina, albert, mrs trenery, connie, jay, judy squire, cohuna, bladder attack, reports, estimates, dunstan & coy, jelbarts, barrett, flat fields, brown, gold estates, berry leads, parsley roots, share book, meredith, reef, pay sheet, colin, mr gibbs, l.r.g plan, banagwanth, mcnaughton bores, glenfine, allan, william thomas, john lynch, crawford, shelford, liz the car, trucks, chandlers, ballarat trustees, cameron, elaine, mrs read, clark, j. hayes, dunlop, dr lawrence, eye specialist, reid, mullock bank, jack squire, herman, peter's legal inc. ballarat, freddie reid, j.r. whipp, a.b. reid, grenville, leigh river plan, johnstone's, premier petrol coy, chandler's, ballarat deep leads extension, harwood & pincott, a. rice, lillas, l. e. walker, secretary for mines, pipeclay, sandstone, mr saville, weymouth & carroll, suction pipe, valves, financiers, gold mines of australia, mr hanley hunter, sadowa coy, kerang shareholder, buninyong, stanley hunter, len, fran, max, dr jones, honeycomb rock, booth, sandy mcnab, emily shaw, john cock, ross creek, mitchell, rowe, neil cameron, walker, kidney disease, holst, nellie, ronaldson's, ronaldson & tippett, brokers, investors, lockett, miller & co, wellesly, john sharpe, elizabeht ellen, old lawaluk, mining

MEYER COLLECTION - FALLS CREEK PHOTOS In 1947 a determined group of like-minded State Electricity Commission (SEC) staff including Ray Meyer, the chief surveyor of the Kiewa Hydro-Electric Scheme, had a common interest that revolved around the skiing potential of the snow-covered high plains which included what is now the resort of Falls Creek. The six SEC employees, Toni St Elmo, Ray Meyer, Jack Minogue, Lloyd Dunn, Adrian Ruffenacht and Dave Gibson (together with their families) banded together to secretly build a 'hut' that was the first ski lodge at Falls Creek. Using a road built in 1930s to gain access to Falls Creek, their hut project was carried out in secret as efforts by other skiers were blocked by H.H.C. Williams – the engineer in charge of the Hydro Scheme. In 1946 Ray Meyer made a trip to the Lands Office in Melbourne. He came away with a 99-year lease on three acres that was ideally suited for a hut designed by Lloyd Dunn. Adrian Ruffenacht (Design Engineer for the KHS) had suggested where the group should build because of easy access to a spring for water. Much of the building material required was scavenged from derelict huts on the high plains. Due to the need for secrecy, the determined group worked on the hut in the evenings and weekends to avoid detection. During the building period the group had met at Echidna Rock (now known as Eagle Rock) where Skippy St Elmo announced, "This is my favourite ‘Skyline’.” And so the first lodge in the area at Falls Creek Ski Resort came into existence. With the development of the International Poma in the 1970s, the Skyline Lodge, which was sited between the ski-lift’s pole one and pole two, was demolished. However, the legacy of Ray Meyer, Toni St Elmo, Jack Minogue, Lloyd Dunn, Adrian Ruffenacht and Dave Gibson and Skyline lives on in the vibrant atmosphere of Falls Creek Resort. The MEYER COLLECTION documents developments on the Kiewa Hydro Scheme and their life at Falls Creek from the mid 1930s to 1960s.This image is significant because it depicts aspects of the life of a pioneering family of Falls Creek and the founders of "Skyline", the first lodge at Falls Creek.A black and white image of four people around the table in Skyline Lodge. L to R:- Sandy McNab, Joan Meyer, Rel Gibbs and Ray Meyer.falls creek, victorian snowfields, rocky valley camp

5847.01 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 7A.jpg 5847.01 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 7A Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Sodik Suljovic, Michael Bajada, Ashley Saunders, Jennifer Tran 2nd Row (L-R) - Thanh Hoang, Phiona Tran, Luke Coman, Danielle Matina, Rachel Laver, Ms. Antoinette Galea (Teacher) Front Row (L-R) - Tanya Clark, Sharon Azzopardi, Frank Loschiavo, Michael Hobashi, Tammy Baldwin, Melisa Arena, Kerry Ager 5847.02 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 7B.jpg 5847.02 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 7B Names.jpg 2nd Row (L-R) - Wasim Hafda, Jim Katsantonis, Donna Sultana, Melinda Critch, James Cassar, Nicholas Costa, Alison Furlong, Ms. Sia Simatas (Teacher) Front Row (L-R) - Akin Hussein, Tina Bernard, Tammy Jungbaver, Michelle Colin, Rada Nyon, Raymond Debrincat 5847.03 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 7C.jpg 5847.03 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 7C Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Heap Lay Ma, Carmelo Todaro, Tanya Clark, Eleonora Fejes 2nd Row (L-R) - Jackling Stojovski, Aleksandar Tasevski, Radosiar Ararpovic, Sandy Gunther, Michelle Ruzic, Sonija Halilaj, Ms. Lyn Chatham (Teacher) Front Row (L-R) - Sertap Coskun, Shannon Duff, Pam Huseyin, Helena Feschuk, Vesna Georgievski, Magda Giagia, Nick Mitrovic 5847.04 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 8A.jpg 5847.04 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 8A Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Andrew Dutkovic, Antoinette Micalleff, Jodie Bernard, Briuney Boase, Maria Magavero, Robert Critch, Joseanne Vella 2nd Row (L-R) - Debbie McNab, Lora Jovanovic, Michael Collier, Vincent Smart, Leah Birch, Tim Jones, Ms. Anne White (Teacher) Front Row (L-R) - Sanija Halilaj, Maria Nesci, Carlo Argetto, Zoki Causovski, Jenny Panlock, Elaine James, Rosa Ferretto 5847.05 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 8B Names.jpg 5847.05 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 8B.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Maryanne Tran, Jody Whitcher, Richard Sibun, Keti Markovski, Carolyn Buttigieg, Le Ly 2nd Row (L-R) - Kathy Spehar, Darren Frazer. Angela Santic, Melissa Ashley, Tony Koumis, Mitchell Brajic, Leanne Kingston, Mado Mickovski Front Row (L-R) - Simon Parsons, Neil Brown, Anna Luu, Enzo Arena, Tam Houng, Mark Gillespie, Hay Vi Absent - Mr. Greg Luscombe (Teacher) 5847.06 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 8C.jpg 5847.06 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 8C Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Erin Bidey, Shane Gillies, Lorraine Formosa, Maryann Bajada, Stoja Zuizdalo, Elizabeth Formosa, Scott Blizzard 2nd Row (L-R) - Melissa Wainwright, Frances Thewma, Janelle Myers, Tommy Sarkezi, Stella Katopoulos, Walid Hafda, Jodie Wilson. Mr. Glen Hayes (Teacher) Front Row (L-R) - Robert Marinkovic, Svetlana Risteska, Patrick Robertson, Brett Hereward, Trung Hang, Ram Halilaj, Vicki Emmett 5847.07 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 9B.jpg 5847.07 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 9B Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Alex Sorgiovanni, Shane Burley, Shirley Aquilina, Sandra Bilic, Olia Ahmed 2nd Row (L-R) - Trudy Durden, Nerav Ramadan, Allyson Sammut, Tam Nguyen, Cindy Camilleri, Susan Galea, Susan Zammit, Tammy Smith Front Row (L-R) - Edin Garibovic, Bernadette Smith, Peter Mavric, Doug Stojandvski, Chris Stenta, Kristine Doyle, Sam Murawczuk Absent - J. Stratford (Teacher) 5847.08 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 9C.jpg 5847.08 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 9C Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Joe Matina, Jodie Bantz, Mathew Gunther, Daniella Carpintari, Mario Monteleone, Susan Condon, Craig Rowe, Mr. P. McKenzie (Teacher) 2nd Row (L-R) - Peter Francalanza, Francine Gaffiero, Kylie Ferguson, Silvana Naumovska, Melissa Stork, ?, Jasmin Castillo, Phedna Tran Front Row (L-R) - Tracy Cairnes, Kathy Tonkovic, lee Grech, Robert Causonski, Zlatko Obic, Jane Schrape, Doris Psaila 5847.09 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 9L.jpg 5847.09 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 9L Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Anthony Arena, Darren Allen, Jodie Hastings, Rachael Doyle, Dean Kendrick, Shane Mirabito, Anna Carrarina 2nd Row (L-R) - Ms. J. Brown (Teacher), Paul Pouwelse, Christian Frazer, Phillip Azzopardi, Michael Buttigieg, Pania Williams Front Row (L-R) - Nerissa Kennedy, John Tsatalios, Paul Potra, Peter O'Brien, Hoa Luu, Nick Kaisantonis, Melissa Smith 5847.10 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 10A.jpg 5847.10 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 10A Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Donna Brown, Lisa Barr, Lisa Musoneci, Carolyn Knight, Tania Malloy 2nd Row (L-R) - Erika Garcic, George Boudoloh, Elissa Miller, Glenn Grima, Jason Attard, Frank Kompar Front Row (L-R) - Michael Gunther, dean Jesensek, Tony Nesci, Mark Matusan, Alex Simic, Michael Wilby, Angelo Scalise 5847.11 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 10B.jpg 5847.11 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 10B Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Lily-Jane Cassar, Nadine Patten, Patricia Pedeco, Juliet Pace, Jason Mifsud, Peter Panegi 2nd Row (L-R) - Joanne Cassar, Zuki Klajcin, Michelle Buttigieg, Leslie Thwaites, Lynette Spiteri, Sandra Cauchi Front Row (L-R) - Suzi Bilic, Stephen Bochenek, Helder Matias, Daniel Allen, Leslie Wilson, Zlate Markarski, Claudio Monteleone 5847.12 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 10C.jpg 5847.12 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 10C Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Sue Forti, Leisel Huntly, Clancy Nienartowicz 2nd Row (L-R) - Tracey Fuston, Belinda Frazer, Martin Pouwelse, Andrew Danks, Ashleigh Myers, Rady Nuon Front Row (L-R) - Ahmed Mesto, Michael Gregory, Richard Smith, Gavin Preston, Sharon Blackneym Karl Hill, Sue-Ellen Mutimer 5847.13 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 10D.jpg 5847.13 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 10D Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Miryana Lasic, Mark borg, Suzanne Kieryczuk, Sharyl Barif, Mark Mezzarilla, Michael Pastere, Helen Tabone 2nd Row (L-R) - Steven Spehar, Darren Blizzard, Debbie Doyle, Eunice Torgut, Brooke Grima, Jason Foley Front Row (L-R) - Alan Alisic, Chris Prodanis, Joanne Gillnespey, Tom Kourtessiz, John Murawczuk, Tony Magavero, Angelo Cassar 5847.14 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 11A.jpg 5847.14 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 11A Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Diane Brodel, Vesna Mrsic, Slavica Lasic, Allison Maynard, Wayne Cox, Kathleen Wilson 2nd Row (L-R) - Tracey M. Cassar, Nicole Schulza, Kylie Gillies, Julie Emmet, Rocky Senese, Jackie Bajada Front Row (L-R) - Pauline Camilleri, Gerald Smith, Jodie Kelly, Paul Nevelinski, Grant Stork, Sharon Quaadgras, Joanne Mallach 5847.15 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 11B.jpg 5847.15 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 11B Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Jenny Merinigton, Syne Jordan, Kellie Edwards, Kristina Bozinov, Betty Carter 2nd Row (L-R) - Julie Frank, Pina Sorgiovani, Shelley Danks, Rachel Keane, Giuliana Stradella, Val Causovska, Helen Sergakis Front Row (L-R) - Craig Durden, Amette Thompson, Darren Hildebrand, Julie Barnes, Con Antonakis, Michelle Brookshaw, David Pettifer 5847.16 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 11C.jpg 5847.16 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 11C Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Jenny Carew, Phyllis Pace, Joanna Lazarenko, Jocelyn Castillo 2nd Row (L-R) - Richard Ozadczuk, Marina Mainelli, Charles Spiteri, Sarah Stemmer, Leanne Allen, Margaret Mizzi Front Row (L-R) - Julie Granger, Joanne Hereward, Paul Carrarini, Andrea Allen, Per Thomson, Michael Glancevski, Kelly ? 5847.17 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 11D.jpg 5847.17 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 11D Names.jpg 3rd Row (L-R) - Barbarella Duffy, Esther Debrincat, Naria Todaro, Tanya Thwaites 2nd Row (L-R) - Nicole Malloy, Fiona Vella, Maria Todaro, Tracey Cassar, Skye Parsons, Than Tran Front Row (L-R) - Carolyn Bernat, Nga Phung, Naren Ung, Tracey Evans, Kally Stavrianakis, Helen Georgeallis, Dai Tran 5847.18 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 12 H.S.C..jpg 5847.18 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Year 12 H.S.C. Names.jpg 4th Row- (L-R) - Sue Micallef, Hiep Nguyen, Christina Prisc, Helen Kotopoutis, Yolanda Wilson, Louise Refalo, Rebecca Solda, Michelle Bernard 3rd Row (L-R) - Chi Long Tran, Maria Prodaris, Emmanuel Kopsaftis, Gae Mitreski, Ian Mavric, Domenic ? (TTS), Danni Taleski 2nd Row (L-R) - Julie Brown (Teacher), Annita Ware (Co-Ordinator), Ho Tran, Pietro Georgious, Warren Williams (SNTS), Jason Dunham (SNTS), Partelis Mellissa, Arpad Fejes, Andrew Dinh, Chris Christoforou, Peter McKenzie (Teacher) Front Row (L-R) - Stephano Salomon (TTS), Grant Delaney, Tomasz Szafraniec, Peter Kirko, Jamie Parsons, Robert (SNTS), Jason Loverick (TTS) Sitting on Ground - Doreen Mercieca, Lisa Bywaters, Kerryn Wilby Absent - Joe Scalise 5847.19 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Years 11A-D.jpg No Names 5847.20 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Staff.jpg 5847.20 - Sunshine High School Student Photos 1988 Staff Names.jpg 4th Row- (L-R) - Antinette Galea, Lyn Chatham, Hilary Burr, Sevinch Mehmet, Val Davies, Loretta Brick, Chrstine Sandars, Dot Matser 3rd Row (L-R) - Gavin McDonald, Chris Bassios, Roger Blackman, Glen Hayes, Gus Napoli, Bill Wringe, Peter McKenzie 2nd Row (L-R) - Peter Harrison, Anne White, Peter Crow, Sophie Alamanas, David Howes, Brian Gunn, Sarah Ginsbourg, Anusha Santhiapillai, Sherry Gale, Sia Simatos, Annita Ware Front Row (L-R) - Rose Johnson, Robyn Barr, Yadranja Maric, Martin Enright, Julie Borwn, Patricia Pozzebon, Cathy Damonsunshine high school, sunshine north, student photograph