In the early 1920s Australia was gifted six J class submarines from the Royal Navy. These were the latest and largest submarines built by the RN for service in World War I. They were competent but were in service with the Royal Navy for only a short time before the end of the war. Once in Australia they were placed into service but there was little appetite for submarines or in fact any other military endeavour in the early ‘twenties’. The world was exhausted from a long and dirty war followed by a devastating Influenza Epidemic. The J class boats were soon retired and sunk as breakwaters or scuttled in the ship graveyard area off the mouth of Port Phillip Bay.Popular diving sites in Ships Graveyard outside the rip between Point Lonsdale and Barwon HeadsCircular brass plaque inscribed with J5 North Sea 1917 1918 made from a piece of navigational equipment used on the submarine J5 mounted on woodSubmarine J5 North Sea 1917 - 1918j class submarines, j5, ships graveyard, port phillip

The Milora was scuttled in 1934 after running aground in Port Phillip near Queenscliff. She is the largest wreck in the ships graveyard at 101Meters.The Milora ran ashore at Barwon Heads on 21 September 1934, and then scuttled in the 'Ships Graveyard' off Barwon Heads in Bass Strait on the 8 March 1935.A memorandum dated 5 March 1935 regarding arrangements for the sinking o fhte 'Miloradiving, scuba diving, ship wrecks, milora

The ship’s telegraph section was once part of the navigational equipment of the famous paddle steamer, PS Hygeia, and was later installed on Flagstaff Hill’s exhibit, the steamer Rowitta. This is the Bridge Section of a ship’s telegraph, a Duplex Gong model, made by Chadburn & Son of Liverpool. The gong sounded two signals whenever the navigational commands to change the speed or direction were given by the ship’s pilot. Communication between the ship’s pilot and the engine room in the late 19th to the mid-20th centuries was made with a system called an Engine Order Telegraph (E.O.T.) or ship’s telegraph. The equipment has two parts, the Bridge Section and the Engine Room Section. The Bridge Section was usually mounted onto a pedestal, and the Engine Room Section was attached to a vertical surface. The standard marine commands were printed or stamped around the face of the dial and indicated by a pointer or arrow that was usually moved by a rotating brass section or handle. The ship’s pilot stationed on the Bridge of a vessel sends his Orders for speed and direction to the Engine Room with the E.O.T. He moves the lever or levers, depending on the number of engines the ship has, to change the indicator on the Bridge Section’s dial to point in the new direction and speed of travel. This change causes the Orders to be duplicated on the Engine Room Section’s dial and a bell or bells to signal the change at the same time. The engineer then adjusts the ship’s engines and steering equipment to follow the pilot’s Order. CHADBURN & SON, Liverpool- Chadburn Brothers, William and C.H., were joint inventors and well-established makers of optical and scientific instruments and marine gauges. The firm was granted the Prince Albert Royal Warrant in the late 19th century. In 1870, William Chadburn applied for a patent for his navigational communication device for use on ships. By 1875, Chadburn & Son was producing the brass Engine Order Telegraph in its plant at 71 Lord Street, Liverpool. In 1911, the ship, RMS Titanic, was launched, fitted with Chadburn & Sons E.O.T. The Chadburn Ship Telegraph Company Limited was registered in 1898 to take over Chadburn & Sons. In 1903, a large factory at Bootle, near Liverpool, and its products were being sold overseas. In 1920, electric-powered telegraphs were developed. In 1944, the name changed to Chadburn’s (Liverpool) Limited. In 1968, the company became Chadburn Bloctube Ltd. In 2000, the company, now Bloctube Marine Limited, was still manufacturing ship telegraphs. The P.S. HYGEIA 1890-1932: - This ship’s telegraph was installed on the new paddle steamer, PS Hygeia, one of three iconic pleasure steamers famous for providing regular services in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, to thousands of passengers between the ports of Queenscliff, Sorrento, Portsea, Dromana, Rosebud, Rye, and Mornington. It joined the Ozone and the Weeroona, all three described as being glamorous, powerful and fast. Its ticket office was on the pier itself. The P.S. Hygeia was built in Yorker, Scotland, in 1890, by Napier, Sharks & Bell. It was registered in Melbourne, Australia, by Hubbart, Parker & Co. in 1891. The steel ship was 92 metres long, able to travel at 22 knots, and licensed to carry over 1600 passengers in luxury, with even a barber shop on board. The regular service between the ports in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, continued for over 40 years. With the decline in passenger demand, the service wound down. The Hygeia was sold to H.M. Morris in 1931 for demolition and breaking up. Equipment, fittings, and even lifebuoys were sold, with many items purchased by people who had some connection to the Hygeia. On August 25th, 1931, what was left of the vessel departed Port Melbourne and eventually, in June 1932, it was laid to rest at the ships’ graveyard outside Port Phillip Heads. The SS ROWITTA 1909-2015: - The ship’s telegraph was originally installed on the PS Hygeia. It was purchased when the Hygeia was broken up in 1931 and later installed, in 1975, on Flagstaff Hill’s SS Rowitta, an exhibit greatly enjoyed by the public until it was demolished in 2015. The ferry “SS Rowitta” was built in 1909 in Hobart, Tasmania. The timber steam ferry was built using planks of Huon and Karri wood. It was a favourite with sightseeing passengers steaming along Tasmania’s Tamar and Derwent rivers for 30 years. Rowitta was also known as Tarkarri and Sorrento and had worked as a coastal trading vessel between Devonport and Melbourne, and Melbourne, Queenscliff and Sorrento. The vessel had given over 100 years of service and pleasure. This Bridge section of a ship’s Engine Order Telegraph, used with an Engine Room section, represents late-19th-century change and progress in communication and navigation at sea. This type of equipment was still in use in the mid-20th century. It is significant for its association with its maker, Chadburn & Son, of Liverpool, a well-known marine instrument maker whose work was recognised by English Royalty, and whose products were selected to supply similar equipment for use on the RMS Titanic. The ship’s telegraph is also significant for its association with the paddle steamer PS Hygeia, one of three iconic steamers that transported thousands of passengers from port to port within Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, for over 40 years from the 1890s to the 1930s. Queenscliff Borough remembers the Hygeia by naming a road near the pier Hygeia Drive. The Hygeia is registered on the Victorian Heritage Database as a vessel of significance, VHR S329. In 1901, Hygeia had the privilege of carrying their Royal Highnesses, the Duke and Duchess of York, from Mornington to St Kilda Pier, Melbourne, during their Royal visit celebrating the Federation of Australia. The ship’s telegraph is also important for its connection with the Rowitta, a large exhibit on display at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, aiding maritime education for over 40 years. It represented the importance of coastal traders to transport, trade and communication along the coast of Victoria, and before the availability of rail and motor vehicles, serving many roles. Bridge section of a Ship’s Telegraph or Engine Order Telegraph (E.O.T.). The round, double-sided, painted glass dial is inside a brass case behind glass. It is fitted onto an outward tapering brass pedestal with a round base. The brass indicator arrows between the handles point simultaneously to both sides of the dial when moved. An oval brass maker’s plate is attached to the top of the case. The dial’s faces have inscriptions that indicate speed and direction, and the front face and plate include the maker’s details. A serial number is stamped on the collar where the dial is fitted to the pedestal. The ship’s telegraph is a Duplex Gong model, made by Chadburn & Son of Liverpool. It was originally part of the navigational fittings on the paddle steamer, PS Hygeia.Dial, maker’s details: “PATENT “DUPLEX GONG” TELEGRAPH / CHADBURN & SON / TELEGRAPH WORKS / PATENTEES & MANUFACTURERS / 11 WATERLOO ROAD / LIVERPOOL” LONDON / 105 FENCHURCH STREET” “NEWCASTLE / 85 QUAY + SIDE” “GLASGOW / 69 ANDERSON QUAY” “PATENT” Dial instructions: “FULL / HALF/ SLOW / FINISHED WITH ENGINES / STOP STAND BY / SLOW / HALF / FULL / ASTERN / AHEAD” Maker’s plate: “CHADBURN / & SON / PATENT / LIVERPOOL” Serial number: “22073”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, engine order telegraph, e.o.t., navigational instrument, communication device, ship’s telegraph, engine room section, bridge section, rms titanic, chadburn & son, chadburn brothers, william chadburn, chadburn ship telegraph company, chadburns, duplex gong, liverpool, ss rowitta, navigation, marine technology, pilot’s orders, steam power, hobart, tasmania, devonport, tasmanian-built, ferry, steam ferry, steamer, 1909, early 20th century vessel, passenger vessel, tamar trading company, launceston, george town, sorrento, tarkarri, speculant, peter mcgennan, p j mcgennan & co. port phillip ferries pty ltd, melbourne, coastal trader, timber steamer, huon, karri, freighter, supply ship, charter ferry, floating restaurant, prawn boat, lakes entrance, ps hygeia, paddle steamer, pleasure steamer, port phillip bay, queenscliff, portsea, dromana, rosebud, rye, mornington, hubbart parker & co, 1890, 1903, h.m. morris, hygeia

The Orungal was originally built in Glasgow in 1923 for the Khedival Mail Steamship & Graving Dock Company of Egypt and named the S.S. Fezara. Due to the effects on steamship companies of the Great Depression including the steep costs of building new ships and increases in running costs and port charges, no new passenger ships had been ordered in Australia since before World War One. To meet demand for passenger berths, the Fezara (5826 tons) along with its sister ship the Famaka (5856 tons, renamed Ormiston), were chartered by the Australasian United Steam Navigation Company Ltd (A.U.S.N.Co.) in 1927. Both the A.U.S.N.Co and the Khedival Mail Steamship Co. were part of the P&O Group. The Orungal operated in this role as an interstate passenger and mail steamer between 1927 and 1940, being used mainly on the Melbourne to Queensland and Western Australian runs, with 240 single class berths. Following the outbreak of World War Two six of the nine large passenger liners servicing mainland Australian passenger and mail trades were requisitioned by the Government to ferry equipment, troops and supplies. Some of them were converted to armed merchant cruisers and used for patrol work and escort duties in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Orungal had originally been requisitioned by the government along with the Zealandia on 25 June 1940, to transport troops to Darwin, but was returned to commercial service because "of her unsuitability", perhaps too slow for the demands of the work. Despite being rejected for patrol and convoy duties the Orungal still had a vital role as one of only three passenger liners left to service the mainland Australian trade. Following its requisitioning by the Government shortly after war broke out, it had been fitted out with defensive armament. On its final voyage arriving at Port Phillip Heads from Sydney, Captain Gilling was attempting to enter the Heads ahead of a worsening south-westerly storm and, with a minefield known to have been laid in the area, had been warned by the Navy not to deviate from the swept channel. The captain and crew held fears that in the stormy seas a mine may have been carried away. In the worsening weather a blur of lights at Barwon Heads was mistaken for Port Lonsdale, and the Orungal steamed ashore onto Formby Reef, just east of the entrance of the Barwon River - instead of passing safely through the middle of the Rip. At the Marine Board Inquiry Capt. Gilling - who had been master of the Orungal since 1926 - stated that after becoming uneasy about his position and changing course to starboard one point: " At 10.21 pm I ordered the engine room to stand by and gave instructions for the patent log to be hauled in and for the sounding-gear to be got ready. Approximately two minutes later, in a flash of lightning, I saw land off the port beam. I immediately recognised it as Barwon Heads, and ordered the helm to be put hard to starboard, but the vessel struck before she had time to answer the helm" Barwon Heads and Ocean Grove residents were startled to hear the shrill blast of the ship's whistle, followed by the bright flares and explosions of signal rockets. The Queenscliff lifeboat crew, who had responded to the tragic collision between the Goorangai and another passenger liner the Duntroon in Port Phillip Bay less than 24 hours earlier, were later praised for their efforts in safely taking off all the passengers and crew. Most of the passengers were asleep at the time of the wreck, and were woken up by the commotion, the ship shaking "from stem to stern" and stewards ordering them to lifeboat stations in driving rain. It was a dramatic time with the ship siren wailing and distress rockets being fired. It was reported that "When it was found the ship was safe, the passengers all went to the music room. There they sang and danced for several hours. The ship's orchestra played merrily, and amateur performers among the passengers clowned, danced and sang to keep the laughter going. In the early hours of the morning passengers went to their cabins, most of them to sleep soundly while the keel grated on the rocks". At dawn the Queenscliff lifeboat arrived at the scene having been launched at 2.30am, and cautiously approached the ship which was being "battered by mountainous seas". By 5am oil from a burst oil line was helping to calm seas around the Orungal sufficiently enough for the lifeboat to approach, and all the passengers and crew were taken off in several trips by the lifeboat. A Court of Inquiry later found that the wreck was caused by an abnormal set of current to the north-west and cleared the officers and crew of neglect of duty. The sight of a huge liner almost on the beach saw an unprecedented amount of traffic as people drove an estimated 10,000 cars, using some 60,000 gallons of fuel in a time of strict petrol rationing, to see the spectacle. Salvage operations began in an attempt to refloat the vessel, scheduled for the high tide on 15 December 1940. However, during these operations, at 2.30 am on 13 December 1940, a major fire broke out, believed to have been caused by spontaneous combustion in the boiler room. The ship was soon ablaze, with smoke pouring from its hatches and ventilators, and at mid-morning the magazine exploded fiercely. Of the 60 men working aboard the vessel two were severely burned and had to be taken to Geelong Hospital. The gathered spectators witnessed the eerie sight of the ship's hull glowing red when night fell. The well-known building demolition contractor Whelan the Wrecker bought the salvage rights, and methodically proceeded to dismantle the ship and its fittings. The drama was not yet over for the wreckers when - without warning - the burnt-out hulk was 'attacked' by RAAF for strafing practice. Salvage rights were transferred to another private owner in 1963. By 1945 the combined effects of the exposed location, fire and salvage had seen what was left of the wreck disappear beneath the waves. The site today is marked by two of the four Scotch type boilers sitting upright and exposed at low tide, just north-east of the small boats channel at the entrance to Barwon Heads. Large sections of steel hull plating and framing, and impressively large pieces of ships structure and machinery including masts, booms, deck winches, propeller shaft, flywheel, and a thrust block lie scattered about and make the site an interesting shallow dive. It is interesting to compare the site of the Orungal with the intact remains of similar large passenger ships scuttled in deep water in the Ships' Graveyard, such as the Milora and Malaita. The site is subject to waves and surge, and is best dived on flat calm days The teacup originated from the SS Orungal and was likely used heavily in the ship's life as a passenger, mail and cargo carrier around Australia. The teacup is significant for its connections to SS Orungal and of this ships connected story of being sunk in extraordinary circumstances in the local region. A.U.S.N. Co. Ltd. Teacup salvaged from SS Orungal ss orungal, fezara, world war two, barwon heads, ocean grove

The SS ‘Excelsior’ was an iron screw steamer, built in Southampton, England, in 1882 and first registered in Melbourne, Victoria, in 1882. Her journey from Southampton, England to Melbourne, Victoria is reported to have taken just 66 days. She would prove to be a very popular vessel on Port Phillip Bay, though her reign may have been relatively short as she was sunk in 1890. She was refloated sometime between 1890 to 1900 as some records state 1890, others at 1900. Gross Tonnage: 350, Net Tonnage: 172, Length: 186 ft 6 in (56.85 m), Beam: 21 ft 1 in (6.43 m), Depth: 10 ft 7 in (3.23 m), First Owner: Huddart Parker & Co. A Timeline of SS Excelsior’s life: 15 Jan 1883 → the SS ‘Excelsior’ commenced the Melbourne to Geelong run. 27 Jan 1940 21 Jan 1890 →the SS ‘Flora’ ran aground whilst heading out to Hobart, Tasmania, on a tight bend in the Yarra River at Spotswood. Whilst stuck fast in the mud, the SS ‘Excelsior’ ran into her stern – thankfully the damage to both vessels was only minor. 9 Jan 1897 → The SS ‘Excelsior’ sank the Ketch ‘Lu Lu’ on the south bank of the Hopetoun Channel near Geelong, Victoria. Blame is shared between Captains of both vessels: At the meeting of the Marine Board the report of the nautical expert committee, relative to the collision between the steamer Excelsior and ketch Lulu, was considered. The committee recommended that the matter should be remitted to the Marine Court, and a charge of misconduct preferred against Gilbert Moore, master of the Excelsior. Mr Wilson, one of the committee, dissented. He thought in view of the nature of the evidence charges should be preferred against both masters. Mr Dickens moved an amendment to the latter effect, but it was rejected, and the report adopted. 11 Jul 1899 → The SS ‘Edina’ sinks the SS ‘Excelsior’ during thick fog: Shortly after, half-past 11 o’clock this, morning a serious collision took place in Port Phillip Bay between the steamers Edina and the Excelsior. The Edina was on her way to Geelong, to which place she makes a trip every forenoon in the course of her trade with that port, and the Excelsior was coming up the bay to Melbourne. The weather was calm but thick, and a fog hung over the water. The Edina struck the Excelsior on the port side amidships, and she sank within a quarter of an hour. Both vessels carried a large number of passengers, and large cargoes, but there was very little excitement. The whole thing happened so suddenly that until the crash came those on board the steamers were not aware that any other boat was near at all. When both vessels began to draw away after the collision it was at once seen that the Excelsior was the most seriously injured of the two, and she at once began to settle down rapidly. Some of the Excelsior’s passengers were dragged on board the Edina at once, while the remainder, including the crew, were rescued by boats. As far as can be ascertained no one was drowned, but some 20 or 25 were injured. Dr. Wilson, headmaster of the Brighton Presbyterian Ladies’ College, was perhaps the most seriously injured of the Excelsior’s passengers. He was looking down the companion ladder ‘when the collision took place, and he was thrown violently below, sustaining a compound fracture of the right fore-arm. When attended to it was found, that he suffered severely from the shook of his fall and was rather in a bad way. A lady passenger by the Excelsior had her side lacerated, while another had her ankle sprained. The remainder of the others injured had either small cuts or were suffering from shock. The Excelsior went down stern first, and now lies in about five fathoms of water, with her bow above the surface. The Edina is almost uninjured, but she will be immediately placed in dock, as she is making water slightly. c 1900 → The SS ‘Excelsior’ was raised from her watery grave where a large cut can be seen on the SS Excelsior in dock and reveals the breach made and damage done by the Edina. c 1939 → Records regarding the SS ‘Excelsior’ are elusive until c 1939, when she was commissioned to relocate to Brisbane, Queensland, during the Second World War: The Excelsior came to Brisbane on a voyage north during the 1939-45 War. Being unseaworthy she could not be taken further and was used here as a workshop. After the war, she was discarded on Bishop Island. c 1946 → Sometime after WWII was over, the SS ‘Excelsior’ joined many a ship in the graveyard at Bishop Island in Queensland. The island has been the site for the disposal of many ships. Ships recorded as being discarded here include the Groper, Adonis, Roderick Dhu, Excelsior, Yosemite, Maida, Civility, Captain Cook, Bingera, St. Kilda, Lucinda, Moreton, Miner, Schnapper, Lochiel, Queensland, Victoria, and BadgerThe SS Excelsior is a well known ship from the history of Geelong. Its collision with the equally well known SS Edina is of particular interest to Geelong. She was a famous ship in the reckon of Port Phillip despite her short life stand, especially when compared to the SS Edina. Colour painting of ship departingship collision, ship wreck, ss excelsior, ss edina, bishop island

This wooden ship's wheel originally had eight spokes but four are no longer in their sockets. One of the spokes has been shaped. Both sides of the wheel have a brass cap over the centre of the hub, covering the wooden hub. The wood is split and cracked, and parts of it have small holes, a sign of being affected by the sea worm. Thick encrustations are on parts of the wheel, showing that it has been on the sea bed for quite some time. The donor is a Warrnambool resident. Years ago he was cray fishing at King Island, which is in Bass Strait, northwest of Tasmania. His craypot got stuck in a reef so a diver helped him by retrieving the craypot for him. While the diver was underwater he also stumbled across the ship's wheel, which he gave to the donor. The Bass Strait is a very narrow route that was difficult and dangerous to navigate in the early 19th century, before good maps, communications and lighthouses were installed. The area, including King Island, is the graveyard of many ships that almost made it to their destination of Melbourne along Australia's treacherous coastline. Around King Island alone, many ships and lives were lost. There is no information about the history of this ship's wheel. Its condition shows that the item has been under the water for a long time. However, there is no evidence that it came from a shipwreck. It could even have been an old ship that could have been scuttled or destroyed as it was no longer useful. The wheel is significant as a sign of shipping around King Island. It is part of the island's history, and of maritime history. It is an example of an item manufactured by hand.Ship's wheel; segment of a wooden ship's wheel. It once had eight spokes but only portions of four spokes remain. The outer centres of the hub and the reinforcing bands around the hub are brass. The wheel is heavily encrusted in parts. It was recovered from an unknown shipwreck in the waters of King Island.great ocean road, warrnambool, shipwreck artefact, artefact, ship's wheel, ship's wheel segment, portion of a ship's wheel, flagstaff hill, maritime museum, maritime village, flagstaff hill divers, marine technology, navigation, steering wheel, eight spoke wheel, king island, craypot, diver

This Trotman’s pattern stock anchor is the southernmost anchor displayed in Flagstaff Hill’s Anchor Graveyard. Patented by John Trotman in 1852, this robust design was used on merchant ships and became known for its practical efficiency. Around midday on 15 April 2001, in Lady Bay, Warrnambool, Birdon Dredging crews raised this anchor from the seabed. Company spokesperson Steve Walker explained that the team was hired to dredge the harbour and discovered the anchor, still attached to its long chain, when the chain became tangled in the cutter blade of their dredging equipment. Once the anchor had been lifted onto the Breakwater, a front-end loader moved it onto a truck for delivery to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village. Howard Nichol, the Museum Manager at the time, estimated that the anchor could be up to 130 years old. Former Museum Manager and diver Peter Ronald later identified it as a Trotman’s type, like those used on several major wrecks in the region. According to Nichol, museum staff believed this anchor may have been one of a pair used to secure a mooring designed to catch drifting vessels and prevent ships from washing onto the sandbar or drifting out to sea in rough weather. This mooring line appears as a dotted line on a 1890 chart of Lady Bay approved by Lieutenant Stanley of the British Admiralty. The anchor’s location matches a point marked on that chart, and the length of its chain supports the theory. Nichol noted that the chart is a detailed survey of the bay, showing two anchors with buoys at either end, with about one hundred yards of chain stretched between them. Before the building of the Breakwater, the bay was especially treacherous, so ships would anchor there and use the chain as a safeguard. About Trotman’s Anchors In the mid-19th century, the Admiralty sought an anchor design with greater holding power. To assess the strengths of the leading designs, it appointed the Committee of 1852 on Anchors. Among the anchors reviewed, the Trotman’s pattern anchor received the highest rating. The Trotman’s anchor resembles the Admiralty pattern but includes pivoting arms that move as the anchor settles. As it takes hold, the upper fluke folds back against the shank, allowing the anchor to sit lower and reducing the risk of the chain, cable, or rope becoming tangled. A fitting at the top of the shank also allows the chain to be quickly released if necessary. This Trotman’s anchor is significant as a part of the maritime history of the Port of Warrnambool regardless of whether it belonged to one of the 29 ships that were stranded or wrecked in Lady Bay. The anchor is connected to the many attempts to maintain Warrnambool as a safe and manageable port, including the various plans for the construction of the Breakwater.Anchor: an iron Trotman’s pattern style with a rectangular-section shank that is wider in the middle and has a base that extends on two opposite sides in a ‘fork prong’ manner. A crescent-shaped, double-ended arm is fitted into the base of the shank with a bolt, enabling it to pivot. Each arm has a fluke in the shape of an upward palm with an attached metal plate that forms a horn at the back of the palm. A long, round-section pipe is fitted to the top of the shank at 90 degrees to the arms; one side has an elbow bend parallel to the arms, and both ends have an attached metal sphere. The pivoting ring at the top of the shank can be lifted for a quick release of the chain.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, anchor, mooring, trotman, lady bay, breakwater, admiralty, ship equipment, stock anchor, john trotman, 1852 patent, 2001, birdon dredging, steve walker, howard nichol, peter ronald, british admiralty, lieutenant stanley, committee of 1852 on anchors

Scrapbook owned by Beryl Randall Trigellis-Smith (neé Sampson) who served as a nurse in WWI and was an active member of many nursing related organisations include the Returned Nurses Club (Victoria). Contains newspaper & magazine clippings, postcards, poetry, quotes/reflections, pamphlets (Order of services), photocopied correspondence, single page Order of Services/Service announcements, speeches & toasts, booklets, personal stories, contact details, photocopied excerpts, menus, invitations, order of ceremonies, certificates. Titles and (formats) in order: 1. 'A Maori's stirring dawn address : What Anzac has come to mean' (newspaper clipping) - article providing the full address given by Lt. Colonel C M Bennett DSO at the Dawn Parade ceremony in Wellington (NZ) 1957 [publication unknown]. 2. Coat hangers (newspaper clipping) - article about items on display [at a market? date unknown, under handwritten 'Troop Train' heading] 3. 'What's in a name? -just ask the matron' (newspaper clipping) - article providing basic information about Margaret Lang and the Society for the Care of Aged or Incapacitated Nurses by John Hamilton [publication unknown, handwritten note 'August 1973'] 4. 'World War I nurse remembers : Continued from page 41' (magazine clipping) - part of the recollections of WWI nurse Sarah Margaret White (neé Furnifull) [1973, Australian Women's Weekly] 5. Sister Rosina Dawson (newspaper clipping) - brief article and photo on Rosina Dawson becoming Victoria's first construction site nurse at site of Collins Place Twin Towers [unknown publication & date] 6. 'A World War 1 nurse remembers...' (magazine clipping) - beginning of clipping #4 [1973, Australian Women's Weekly] 7. The White Tower, Salonika (newspaper clipping) - photo and map of area around Aegean Sea [unknown date and publication] 8. 'A stern hearted chaperone', 'At the top of Mt. Kotos, Salonica, 1918' and 'Life and mirage' (typed poems) - All by Trigellis-Smith circa 1918. 9. 'Boat drill' (typed poem) - By Trigellis-Smith 10. 'Aged 83, she wears her MBE lightly' (newspaper clipping on separate sheet) - Brief biographical article by Barbara Hooks on Beryl Trigellis-Smith receiving her MBE [1976, publication unknown] 11. Leslie Hill (newspaper clipping on back of separate sheet) - Large black & white photograph with caption of Leslie Hill, the gardener who created the flowerbed celebrating the 80th anniversary of the Royal Australian [Army] Nursing Corps and Beryl Trigellis-Smith. [Handwritten notes publication as Herald, December 28 1982] 12. 6/12/17 (newspaper clipping) - Appears to be printed excerpts from a diary of someone [a nurse] serving in WWI [publication and date unknown] 13. 7/3/18 (newspaper clipping) - Appears to be printed excerpts from a diary of someone [a nurse] serving in WWI [publication and date unknown] 14. 'Description of Anzac Day, April 25th, 1916.' & 'A Description of Anzac Day, from Second World War Sister E. F. Jones' (typed excerpts) - first excerpt by E C Dobson, (probably a sister at Mundros), second author in title. 15. [Postcard?] - black and white photograph on glossy card showing an Australian military band posing for photograph on steps in front of multiple storey walls of sandbags [based on Google image search, on the steps in front of Amiens Cathedral circa August 1918]. 16. 'A most inglorious war' (newspaper clipping) - Review of 'The forgotten war' by L M Field including information on how the Boer war began and how Australians got involved by Patsy Adam-Smith [unknown publication, circa 1979]. 17. 'Order of Divine Service to mark The Commemoration of ANZAC' (pamphlet separate to scrapbook) - took place at Cathedral Church of Saint Paul Melbourne, 22 April, 1979. 18. 'Annual wreath laying service Edith Cavell Memorial' (photocopied typed document) - from 22 April 1979, order of proceedings including an address to be given by Beryl Trigellis-Smith. 19. 'Saturday review' (newspaper clipping) - a captioned black and white illustration of Florence Nightingale in the hospital at Scutari. Reproduced from the 'Illustrated London News' of February 24, 1855. [unknown UK publication and date] 20. 'spirit and pride' (newspaper clipping) - these words clipped from a headline [unknown publication and date]. 21. 'Miss Nightingale' (newspaper headline attached to back of newspaper clipping) - by Richard Gordon. Excerpt from book by same 'The private life of Florence Nightingale' [circa 1978, unknown UK publication]. 22. (photocopied letter with handwritten 'Beryl' in gap in salutation) - photocopy poor and unable to read who author/sender is [maybe Ms P Adam-Smith?] dated 14 December 1978. 23. 'Shrine of Remembrance (Melbourne, Victoria)' (postcard with handwritten caption) - 'Shaft of sunlight at 11am Remembrance Day 11th November', published by Rose Stereograph Co. [unknown year]. 24. 'Annual service of dedication for nurses' (booklet) - Order of service booklett for Wednesday 9th May, 1979, 5:45pm at St Patrick's Cathedral. 25. [No title] (newspaper clipping) - article by Patsy Adam-Smith 'who was at the Anzac Day parade for 'The Age''. [circa 1979] 26. 'Ecumenical service of dedication for nurses' (photocopied service announcement) - St Patrick's Cathedral, Wednesday 9 May 1979, anniversary of the birth of Florence Nightingale. 27. 'Parade of a nation'[sic] (newspaper clipping) - Headline, large black and white photograph by John Lamb with caption of Glen Hickman marching wearing medals [unknown publication, unknown year, circa late 70's]. 28. 'Wreath laying ceremony - Edith Cavell Statue / Sunday Aprill 22nd. 1979 / Address by Mrs. Beryl Trigellis-Smith MBE. Ex A.A.N.S.' (typed pages of speech) - Speech includes general important pioneering dates in Australian nursing from 'South African War 1900' to combining of Royal Trained Nurses Association and Royal College of Nursing in 1933 and a call to current nurses to "regard the heritage of the past - dedication, skill, adaption, understanding of authority, some self-sacrifice, with a dedication to the care of life and death." 29. 'No. 72' (colour photograph postcard) - Underneath handwritten heading in blue ink 'Salonica. 1917'. Image on front of postcard shows two young women in the foreground in traditional clothing, water to their left and two other women walking away from them in the background, buildings on the left of the postcard and in the background on the right the White Tower Thessaloniki. [Postcard more likely from 1950's onwards due to it being a colour photograph and the fashion of the women in the background] 30. (colour postcard) - Torn along one edge, depicts a photograph of what appears to be a print artwork (signature at bottom on right of artwork 3eibe?, on left at bottom Gem 64'. 'Part of a diary found in / Returned Nurse Club in / 1979. Name unknown. / She had experience / in Hospital Ships and / in Salonica. / ?eds up & file.' [written in blue ink on reverse]. 31. 'Rancourt - Bouchavesnes' (colour photograph postcard) - Aerial colour photograph of a church and graveyard surrounded by fields and a forest in the background. Information on reverse of postcard indicates image is of the Chapel of French Remembrance for the Somme offensive in 1916 during WWI. Underneath heading '1978. R.S.L. Pilgrimage to. France.' [handwritten in blue ink]. There is information on the reverse handwritten describing part of a tour by same writer as for 32. 32. 'Le Memorial Australien à Villers-Bretonneux' (colour photograph postcard [potential photochrom]) with printed caption on front indicating Le Souvenir Français welcoming Australian pilgrims to Villers-Bretonneux 11 November 1978 with a quote from Marshal Foch made 12 November 1918 - reverse of postcard had handwritten letter addressed to Beryl Randall Trigellis-Smith (neé Sampson), from Howard V[?] talking about events of the tour on 11 & 12 November. Underneath heading '1978. R.S.L. Pilgrimage to. France.' [handwritten in blue ink]. 33. 'ANZAC Memorial Day 25th April 1919' (colour & black and white souvenir booklet) - published by the Victorian branch of the Returned Sailors' and Soldiers' Imperial League of Australia to mark the fourth national observance. Front cover is in colour, condition is poor with lots of folds, tears and parts missing, also has many dirt/insect marks and foxing. Internally there is black and white photographs depicting various WWI and post scenes with captions and other pages have text, opposite inside back cover is medical photos including tent hospitals, nurses and hospital wards. Back cover is glued to scrapbook. 34. Photocopy of toast proposal given at Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps 75th Anniversary of Australian Army Nursing - toast speech gives some brief chronological information on nursing in Australian Army that the author [assumed to be Beryl Randall Trigellis-Smith (neé Sampson)]. 35. 'Poem for our Returned Nurses Club' (handwritten poem with annotations) - 'J M[?] Bilee' & 'CPL R.L. Harrowfield' [Handwritten names? either side of title, author/s of poem assumed], paper has tear marks on reverse where it has been removed from another piece in the past and some writing obscured by area of attachment into current scrapbook. Poem is '(Dedicated to A.I.F Nurses of World War I 1914-18 War) Bendigo / 1976'. 36. 'Living up to an ideal' (black and white newspaper clipping) - by Kayleen Mort out the 'The Sun' Monday, July 10 1972, p.34. Article includes four black and white photographs. Article is about the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps having provided nurses in wars for 70 years, even though nurses served prior in the Boer War. Article features a photograph of Irene [Mildred] Woodward (neé Clay) then secretary of the Victorian Returned Nurses' Club. 37-39. 'The A.I.F. were healthy, stealthy and chatty' (photocopied typed short story with handwritten annotations) - 'Section one - True experiences / 1976 Repatriation story writing project' headed, first person story [assumed to be written by Beryl Randall Trigellis-Smith (neé Sampson), however point of view appears to be of a soldier, not a nurse] over three pages, glued in separately. Story is autobiographical and mentions 8th Battalion Pastors Hayden and Paddy O'Shea helping morale there and Padre J J Booth helping the unit the protagonist was attached to. Protagonist speaks of shocking sights and the poetry or history that these brought to the surface as well as different aspects of their experience. 40-45. 'St. Vincent - our Atlantic calling port.' & 'They need our help to-day' (typed poems[?]) - Pieces glued, out of order[?], [author assumed to be Beryl Randall Trigellis-Smith (neé Sampson)]. 46. 'Burial at sea.' (typed poem and information) - [author assumed to be Beryl Randall Trigellis-Smith (neé Sampson)] four stanzas of a poem followed by partial information about the authors experience of a burial at sea, the return to Australia experience and what the author did after. Information is incomplete, cut off mid sentence and not continued on next part. 47-50. 'The order of the Iris', 'The 42nd Unit transferred to Hill 60.' & 'The sunset call at sea.' (typed poetry and brief information) - A poem missing a beginning, followed by first title listed, then second title begun and continued on to second part, completed over page on third part and final poem on last part. [Author assumed to be Beryl Randall Trigellis-Smith (neé Sampson)] 51. 'Life in Salonica, 1918.' & 'Transport in Salonica - 1918' (typed poems) - [Author assumed to be Beryl Randall Trigellis-Smith (neé Sampson)] 52. 'Whatever happened to Macka?' (newspaper clipping) - Advertisement for the Returned Services League [unknown publication & date]. 53. 'Few passengers for free rides' (newspaper clipping) - Article by Bob Millington interviewing Colin Keon-Cohen (then president of Victorian branch of RSL) about the dwindling numbers of WWI veterans, loss of all Boer War vetrans, dinners held for veterans and how popularity in RSL clubs was growing. [unknown publication and date] 54. 'Nurses at war : Reflected in the pages of Nursing Mirror 1888-1978' (newspaper clipping) - Article by Barbara Rogers just prior to the 90th birthday of publication 'Nursing Mirror', describing the "adventurous response made by nurses in wartime". Published in Nursing Mirror, 6 April 1978. 55. 'Names & Addresses cond' (photocopied contact details) - Address and former unit details of people [on a tour?] along with Tour Escort, [tour assumed to be the RSL Pilgrimage to France in 1978]. 56. As for 3, except for handwriting on reverse as entire reverse glued to page. 57. 'The crimes of Germany' ([thermal?] photocopy of excerpts [from a newspaper supplement published after 1915]) - Published in London by The Field & Queen (Horace Cox) Ltd., excerpts include the front cover, pages 99-101 headed 'XVI - Poisoned wells.' & 'XVII - The execution of Miss Edith Cavell.' 58. 'War nurses hold jubilee dinner' (newspaper clipping) - Article on dinner held honouring the conferral of Royal to the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps that included over 560 guests nursing veterans from 1902 (who formed the Australian Army Nursing Service) through to Korean war nursing veterans, the Governor of Victoria (Sir Dallas Brooks), his wife, a Boer war nurse and others. Nurses mentioned by name: Ida O'Dwyer (Royal Red Cross), H[ilda Therese Redderwold] Samsing, E[mma] A[rgyle] Cuthbert, J[essie] McHardy White [neé Williamson], Jane Bell, Mrs P Sutherland [unable to find full and maiden name], Clara [Louisa] Ross, P[riscilla Isabel] Kirby [neé Wardle], Mrs E Lloyd, E[thel] J[essie] Bowe, E[dith] L[ydia] Shaw, J G [Effie Mary] Fussell [neé Garden], E[lizabeth] F[rancis] Johns, J[eanie] Gray Robertson, A[nnie] M[oran] Sage, Grace [Margaret] Wilson, C[harlotte Joan] G[sic] McRae, [Annie] I[na] Laidlaw, M[argaret Irene] Lang and Kathleen [Annie Louise] Best. Also mentioned Sybil Irving (Voluntary Aid Detachment), Major General [Frank] Kingsley Norris (Army Medical Officer). 59. 'Nursing a secret' (newspaper clipping) - Brief article with some biographical details on the wedding reception of Vivian Bullwinkel to Frank Statham and her soon move to Perth to be with Frank. [Publication unknown, circa 1977] 60. 'An Ecumenical Service of dedication for nurses' (pamphlet) - took place at Cathedral Church of Saint Paul Melbourne on Wednesday 10 May, 1978. 61. 'R.S.L. Victorian Branch : 60th Anniversary Remembrance Day Dinner' (menu pamphlet) - took place Friday 10 November 1978. 62. 'Circular : M/31/78' (invitation) - Distributed through RSL Victorian branch. From Premier of Victoria to "all ex-servicemen and women and their families in Victoria to attend the Remembrance Day Ceremony" 11/11/1978. 63. 'Remembrance Day Ceremony' (order of ceremony booklet) - Arranged by 'The Government of Victoria', took place at the Shrine of Remembrance, Melbourne 11/11/1978. 64. (Original certificate) - From the Australian Comforts Fund, Victorian Division to Miss M Ambler [?] "In grateful recognition of valuable services rendered in a voluntary capacity to the Australian Comforts Fund during World War 1939=1945". 65. (Invitation) - To B[eryl Randall] Trigellis-Smith [(neé Sampson)] from Victorian Government "to attend a Luncheon celebrating the Anzac Landing Diamond Jubilee. Location National Gallery of Victoria, 22 April 1975. 66. (Menu) - from event in 65. Includes eight autographs including E M Fussell [?], Margaret Lang, Linda Douglas [?], Chris E Bonwick [?], G J McWilliams [?], Beryl [Randall] Trigellis-Smith [(neé Sampson)], Carl Klu [?], [?]. 67. (Invitation) - From Florence Nightingale Victorian War Nurses' Trust "Chairman, Air Vice-Marshal E.A. Daley, C.B.E., K.St.J. and trustees invite a representative of Edith Cavell Trust Fund to attend the War Nurses' Memorial Service to be held at the Edith Cavell Statue, Birdwood Avenue, on Sunday, 20th of April, 1975".Green album/scrapbook, covers and spine show wear, water marks and fading. Internally pages have been removed and many items have been put in or attached to the pages. The items inside have degraded but are mostly intact. There is no exact chronology to the scrapbook and some items appear to be out of order either with similar items or date wise. Most of the clippings are not annotated with dates or publications. Contains newspaper & magazine clippings, postcards, poetry, quotes/reflections, pamphlets (Order of services), photocopied correspondence, single page Order of Services/Service announcements, speeches & toasts, booklets, personal stories, contact details, photocopied excerpts, menus, invitations, order of ceremonies, certificates. [Multiple throughout scrapbook often indicating newspaper cutting was from and date]beryl randall trigellis-smith (neé sampson), nursing in warfare, royal australian army nursing corps, australian army nursing service, returned services league (rsl), returned nurses club