This type of large, brass tap is typical of the plumbing fittings manufactured in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The tap has encrustations and concretion inside, showing that it had been in the sea for quite some time. The pipe leading to the spout is squashed, nicked and appears to have been sawn or broken off. It could have once been part of the plumbing from a ship, perhaps from one of the boilers used in the kitchen, for bathing or for laundry or cleaning. The name “BEST” on the tap signifies that it could have been made by Robert Best who began his Birmingham brass foundry c. 1840, and even though The information from the donor is that tap was given to her father (1906-1982) who lived in the Warrnambool district. It was likely given by a cray fisherman or diver, who said that the tap came from the Loch Ard shipwreck, wrecked on Mutton Bird Island, east of Port Campbell, Victoria, on 1st June 1878. This could easily be the case but there is no provenance for it. ROBERT BEST, BRASS FOUNDRY Circa 1840 Robert Best founded his brass foundry business and was referred to as a Brass Chandelier of Birmingham”. In 1864 an advertisement in the Journal of Gas Lighting, Water Supply, & Sanitary Improvement announces Best and Hobson, late Robert Best, 100 Charlotte Street Birmingham, manufacturers of Chandeliers, Brass and iron fittings, Steam and Water-cocks etc. gas apparatus of every description, Plumber's brass foundry, with works at Birmingham and Great Bridge, Staffordshire. In 1867 Best & Lloyd was formed, after Best and Hobson went into liquidation, manufacturing at the Cambray Works of Wattville Road, Handsworth. It was a light industrial engineering works and one of the owners was Robert Dudley Best’s father. Robert Dudley Best (1892-1984) later took over the business of Best & Lloyd. The company is still in business at Downing Street, Smethwick, Birmingham. In 1878, brass ship furniture and bell fittings stamped “BEST” was made by William Udal & Co., who advertised as manufacturers of BEST cast and stamped brass foundry goods. This large brass tap is typical of industrial tapware of the mid-late 19th and 20th centuries. The location of the tap, when found, is associated with the Warrnambool district and could have easily been from a shipwreck due to the encrustation found inside the tap. Due to its design and manufacturer, the tap is associated with the mid-late 19th and early 20th-century manufacture of plumbing fittings. Tap, brass, heavy-duty, with butterfly handle. The design and style are typical of the plumbing of the late 1800s. Inscription pressed into the handle, within rectangular border "BEST". Encrustation and concretion are inside the tap spout. “BEST” on one side of the tap handle (Also, a label from the donor attached to the tap “from the wreckage of the LOCH ARD")flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, robert best brass foundry, best and hobson, best & llyod, birmingham brass foundry, brass tap, best brand tap, heavy duty brass tap, industrial brass tap, boiler tap, 19th century plumbing, 19th century tapware, 19th century plumbing fitting, tap with butterfly handle, tap salvaged from shipwreck, brass fittings, steam engine fittings, water-cock fitting

Poster - A3 full colour printed on light paper, titled "The Melbourne International Tap Festival", 12 - 17 October 2006. No year on poster - located by a web page -"Tap Dancing Resources" - http://www.tapdancingresources.com/events/festivals/australian/melbourne-tap-festival-editions.htm, accessed 2/7/2017. Was the 2nd festival. Poster features a tam and tap dances, headline starts, web site, booking number, with Connex, Yarra Trams, City of Stonnington and other sponsors. Artwork by Pulp Free Design.trams, tramways, posters, festival, yarra trams, connex

HISTORY OF THE LOCH ARD The LOCH ARD belonged to the famous Loch Line which sailed many ships from England to Australia. Built in Glasgow by Barclay, Curdle and Co. in 1873, the LOCH ARD was a three-masted square rigged iron sailing ship. The ship measured 262ft 7" (79.87m) in length, 38ft (11.58m) in width, 23ft (7m) in depth and had a gross tonnage of 1693 tons. The LOCH ARD's main mast measured a massive 150ft (45.7m) in height. LOCH ARD made three trips to Australia and one trip to Calcutta before its final voyage. LOCH ARD left England on March 2, 1878, under the command of Captain Gibbs, a newly married, 29 year old. She was bound for Melbourne with a crew of 37, plus 17 passengers and a load of cargo. The general cargo reflected the affluence of Melbourne at the time. On board were straw hats, umbrella, perfumes, clay pipes, pianos, clocks, confectionary, linen and candles, as well as a heavier load of railway irons, cement, lead and copper. There were items included that intended for display in the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. The voyage to Port Phillip was long but uneventful. At 3am on June 1, 1878, Captain Gibbs was expecting to see land and the passengers were becoming excited as they prepared to view their new homeland in the early morning. But LOCH ARD was running into a fog which greatly reduced visibility. Captain Gibbs was becoming anxious as there was no sign of land or the Cape Otway lighthouse. At 4am the fog lifted. A man aloft announced that he could see breakers. The sheer cliffs of Victoria's west coast came into view, and Captain Gibbs realised that the ship was much closer to them than expected. He ordered as much sail to be set as time would permit and then attempted to steer the vessel out to sea. On coming head on into the wind, the ship lost momentum, the sails fell limp and LOCH ARD's bow swung back. Gibbs then ordered the anchors to be released in an attempt to hold its position. The anchors sank some 50 fathoms - but did not hold. By this time LOCH ARD was among the breakers and the tall cliffs of Mutton Bird Island rose behind the ship. Just half a mile from the coast, the ship's bow was suddenly pulled around by the anchor. The captain tried to tack out to sea, but the ship struck a reef at the base of Mutton Bird Island, near Port Campbell. Waves broke over the ship and the top deck was loosened from the hull. The masts and rigging came crashing down knocking passengers and crew overboard. When a lifeboat was finally launched, it crashed into the side of LOCH ARD and capsized. Tom Pearce, who had launched the boat, managed to cling to its overturned hull and shelter beneath it. He drifted out to sea and then on the flood tide came into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. He swam to shore, bruised and dazed, and found a cave in which to shelter. Some of the crew stayed below deck to shelter from the falling rigging but drowned when the ship slipped off the reef into deeper water. Eva Carmichael had raced onto deck to find out what was happening only to be confronted by towering cliffs looming above the stricken ship. In all the chaos, Captain Gibbs grabbed Eva and said, "If you are saved Eva, let my dear wife know that I died like a sailor". That was the last Eva Carmichael saw of the captain. She was swept off the ship by a huge wave. Eva saw Tom Pearce on a small rocky beach and yelled to attract his attention. He dived in and swam to the exhausted woman and dragged her to shore. He took her to the cave and broke open case of brandy which had washed up on the beach. He opened a bottle to revive the unconscious woman. A few hours later Tom scaled a cliff in search of help. He followed hoof prints and came by chance upon two men from nearby Glenample Station three and a half miles away. In a state of exhaustion, he told the men of the tragedy. Tom returned to the gorge while the two men rode back to the station to get help. By the time they reached LOCH ARD Gorge, it was cold and dark. The two shipwreck survivors were taken to Glenample Station to recover. Eva stayed at the station for six weeks before returning to Ireland, this time by steamship. In Melbourne, Tom Pearce received a hero's welcome. He was presented with the first gold medal of the Royal Humane Society of Victoria and a £1000 cheque from the Victorian Government. Concerts were performed to honour the young man's bravery and to raise money for those who lost family in the LOCH ARD disaster. Of the 54 crew members and passengers on board, only two survived: the apprentice, Tom Pearce and the young woman passenger, Eva Carmichael, who lost all of her family in the tragedy. Ten days after the LOCH ARD tragedy, salvage rights to the wreck were sold at auction for £2,120. Cargo valued at £3,000 was salvaged and placed on the beach, but most washed back into the sea when another storm developed. The wreck of LOCH ARD still lies at the base of Mutton Bird Island. Much of the cargo has now been salvaged and some was washed up into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. Cargo and artefacts have also been illegally salvaged over many years before protective legislation was introduced. One of the most unlikely pieces of cargo to have survived the shipwreck was a Minton porcelain peacock - one of only nine in the world. The peacock was destined for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. It had been well packed, which gave it adequate protection during the violent storm. Today, the Minton peacock can be seen at the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum in Warrnambool. From Australia's most dramatic shipwreck it has now become Australia's most valuable shipwreck artefact and is one of very few 'objects' on the Victorian State Heritage Register. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. Brass tap, has encrustation. Tap is complete. Recovered from the wreck of the Loch Ard.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, loch line, loch ard, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, brass tap, tap

Central Park –Tree with Water TapFour (4) Colour Photographs of a tree with a Water pipe embedded in it. One older and smaller than the other three.stawell, central park

Ref LA 32 260 HISTORY OF THE LOCH ARD The LOCH ARD belonged to the famous Loch Line which sailed many ships from England to Australia. Built in Glasgow by Barclay, Curdle and Co. in 1873, the LOCH ARD was a three-masted square rigged iron sailing ship. The ship measured 262ft 7" (79.87m) in length, 38ft (11.58m) in width, 23ft (7m) in depth and had a gross tonnage of 1693 tons. The LOCH ARD's main mast measured a massive 150ft (45.7m) in height. LOCH ARD made three trips to Australia and one trip to Calcutta before its final voyage. LOCH ARD left England on March 2, 1878, under the command of Captain Gibbs, a newly married, 29 year old. She was bound for Melbourne with a crew of 37, plus 17 passengers and a load of cargo. The general cargo reflected the affluence of Melbourne at the time. On board were straw hats, umbrella, perfumes, clay pipes, pianos, clocks, confectionary, linen and candles, as well as a heavier load of railway irons, cement, lead and copper. There were items included that intended for display in the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. The voyage to Port Phillip was long but uneventful. At 3am on June 1, 1878, Captain Gibbs was expecting to see land and the passengers were becoming excited as they prepared to view their new homeland in the early morning. But LOCH ARD was running into a fog which greatly reduced visibility. Captain Gibbs was becoming anxious as there was no sign of land or the Cape Otway lighthouse. At 4am the fog lifted. A man aloft announced that he could see breakers. The sheer cliffs of Victoria's west coast came into view, and Captain Gibbs realised that the ship was much closer to them than expected. He ordered as much sail to be set as time would permit and then attempted to steer the vessel out to sea. On coming head on into the wind, the ship lost momentum, the sails fell limp and LOCH ARD's bow swung back. Gibbs then ordered the anchors to be released in an attempt to hold its position. The anchors sank some 50 fathoms - but did not hold. By this time LOCH ARD was among the breakers and the tall cliffs of Mutton Bird Island rose behind the ship. Just half a mile from the coast, the ship's bow was suddenly pulled around by the anchor. The captain tried to tack out to sea, but the ship struck a reef at the base of Mutton Bird Island, near Port Campbell. Waves broke over the ship and the top deck was loosened from the hull. The masts and rigging came crashing down knocking passengers and crew overboard. When a lifeboat was finally launched, it crashed into the side of LOCH ARD and capsized. Tom Pearce, who had launched the boat, managed to cling to its overturned hull and shelter beneath it. He drifted out to sea and then on the flood tide came into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. He swam to shore, bruised and dazed, and found a cave in which to shelter. Some of the crew stayed below deck to shelter from the falling rigging but drowned when the ship slipped off the reef into deeper water. Eva Carmichael had raced onto deck to find out what was happening only to be confronted by towering cliffs looming above the stricken ship. In all the chaos, Captain Gibbs grabbed Eva and said, "If you are saved Eva, let my dear wife know that I died like a sailor". That was the last Eva Carmichael saw of the captain. She was swept off the ship by a huge wave. Eva saw Tom Pearce on a small rocky beach and yelled to attract his attention. He dived in and swam to the exhausted woman and dragged her to shore. He took her to the cave and broke open case of brandy which had washed up on the beach. He opened a bottle to revive the unconscious woman. A few hours later Tom scaled a cliff in search of help. He followed hoof prints and came by chance upon two men from nearby Glenample Station three and a half miles away. In a state of exhaustion, he told the men of the tragedy. Tom returned to the gorge while the two men rode back to the station to get help. By the time they reached LOCH ARD Gorge, it was cold and dark. The two shipwreck survivors were taken to Glenample Station to recover. Eva stayed at the station for six weeks before returning to Ireland, this time by steamship. In Melbourne, Tom Pearce received a hero's welcome. He was presented with the first gold medal of the Royal Humane Society of Victoria and a £1000 cheque from the Victorian Government. Concerts were performed to honour the young man's bravery and to raise money for those who lost family in the LOCH ARD disaster. Of the 54 crew members and passengers on board, only two survived: the apprentice, Tom Pearce and the young woman passenger, Eva Carmichael, who lost all of her family in the tragedy. Ten days after the LOCH ARD tragedy, salvage rights to the wreck were sold at auction for £2,120. Cargo valued at £3,000 was salvaged and placed on the beach, but most washed back into the sea when another storm developed. The wreck of LOCH ARD still lies at the base of Mutton Bird Island. Much of the cargo has now been salvaged and some was washed up into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. Cargo and artefacts have also been illegally salvaged over many years before protective legislation was introduced. One of the most unlikely pieces of cargo to have survived the shipwreck was a Minton porcelain peacock - one of only nine in the world. The peacock was destined for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. It had been well packed, which gave it adequate protection during the violent storm. Today, the Minton peacock can be seen at the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum in Warrnambool. From Australia's most dramatic shipwreck it has now become Australia's most valuable shipwreck artefact and is one of very few 'objects' on the Victorian State Heritage Register. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. Tap-Keg-Handle, hollow. Recovered from the wreck of the Loch Ard. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, loch line, loch ard, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, keg tap, tap

Photo Album - titled "TAP - Part D - 1041, Z, A and B class trams – sheets D1 to D16 ", from Transit Australia Publishing. Photos used in the Destination City and other publications series. For a detailed list of photographs see htd4603i.pdf. For individual photo images see: \dbtext\hawthtramcoll\photo collections\TAP-Part D, images TAP244 to TAP268. TAP244_4-DecoratedTram_WilliamSt_ChrisMarsh_11Feb1989.jpg TAP245a_67-1022_EastPreston_Nov1982_PTC.jpg TAP245_46_NicholsonSt_IanHammond.jpg TAP246_112_BourkeSt_HughBallment_Jan1993.jpg TAP247_2111_BourkeSt.jpg TAP248_1041_MMTB.jpg TAP249_1_MacarthurSt_MMTB.jpg TAP250_112_KooriHeitage_PTC.jpg TAP251_116_HighSt_MMTB.jpg TAP252_134_BurwoodHwy_IanHammond.jpg TAP253_231_VictoriaPde_c1991_HughWaldron.jpg TAP254_265_StKilda-light-rail_DavidKeenan.jpg TAP255_266_StKilda_light-rail_IanHammond.jpg TAP256_271_PortMelbourne_light-rail_DavidKeenan.jpg TAP257_2001_PrestonWorkshops_DaleBudd.jpg TAP258_2007_BourkeSt_AndrewFoy_3Jan1989.jpg TAP259_2096_NormCross.jpg TAP260_2096_NormCross.jpg T AP261_2100_PlentyRd_RayMarsh.jpg TAP262_2132_ComEng_PTC.jpg TAP263_Sketch-all-electric-car-1041_MMTB.jpg TAP264_25_BurwoodHwy.jpg TAP265_233_PrestonWorkshops_PTC.jpg TAP266_267_PortMelbourne_30Oct1988_IanCooperCollection.jpg TAP267_2003_Bundoora_DaleBudd.jpg TAP268_2007_SouthMelbourne_31Oct1988_FritzVanDam.jpgtrams, tramways, transit australia, destination city, tramcars, depots, pcc, z class, a class, b class, tram 4, tram 46, tram 67, tram 1022, tram 112, tram 2111, tram 1041, tram 1, tram 116, tram 134, tram 231, tram 265, tram 266, tram 271, tram 2001, tram 2007, tram 2096, tram 2100, tram 25, tram 233, tram 2003, tram 2007

The brass tap was recovered from the wreck of the Schomberg sailing ship. It is severed at the pipe end before the position where the join would have been. This could have happened after the shipwreck or at the time of salvage. ABOUT THE SCHOMBERG (October 6 to December 27, 1855)- When the ship Schomberg was launched in 1855, she was considered the most perfect clipper ship ever to be built. James Baine’s Black Ball Line had commissioned her for their fleet of passenger liners. The Aberdeen builders designed her to sail faster than the clippers designed the three-masted wooden clipper ship to be fast. The timber used for the diagonal planking was British oak with layers of Scottish larch. This luxury emigrant vessel was designed for superior comfort. She had ventilation ducts to provide air to the lower decks and a dining saloon, smoking room, library and bathrooms for the first-class passengers. The master for Schomberg’s maiden voyage was Captain ‘Bully’ Forbes. He drunkenly predicted at her launch that he would make the journey between Liverpool and Melbourne in 60 days. Schomberg departed Liverpool on 6 October 1855 with 430 passengers and 3000 tons of cargo including iron rails and equipment intended the build the Geelong Railway and a bridge over the Yarra from Melbourne to Hawthorn. The poor winds slowed Schomberg’s sail across the equator. She was 78 days out of Liverpool when she ran aground on a sand spit near Peterborough, Victoria, on 27 December; the sand spit and currents were not marked on Forbes’s map. The ship’s Chief Officer spotted the coastal steamer SS Queen at dawn and sent a signal. The master of the SS Queen approached the stranded vessel and all of Schomberg’s passengers safely disembarked. In 1975, 120 years after the Schomberg was wrecked, divers from Flagstaff Hill found an ornate communion set at the wreck site along with many other artefacts. In 1978 a diamond ring was discovered under the concretion in the lid of the communion set, which is currently on display. Former Director of Flagstaff Hill, Peter Ronald, had salvaged most of the artefacts from the wreck. This tap is significant as an example of an item in common use in the mid-19th century. The Schomberg collection as a whole is of historical and archaeological significance at a State level. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from the Schomberg is also significant for its association with the Victorian Heritage Registered shipwreck (VHR S 612). The collection is of prime significance because of the relationship between the objects salvaged, as together they help us to interpret the story of the Schomberg. The collection as a whole is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria's maritime history and its potential to interpret social and historical themes. Brass tap, flat horizontal handle, horn-shaped finish above the spout. The fixture has been severed at the pipe connection end. The surface has since been polished. There is a hole in the side of the pipe near the vertical fitting. It was recovered from the wreck of the Schomberg.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck artefact, schomberg, brass tap, plumbing fitting, water tap, tap

HISTORY OF THE LOCH ARD The LOCH ARD belonged to the famous Loch Line which sailed many ships from England to Australia. Built in Glasgow by Barclay, Curdle and Co. in 1873, the LOCH ARD was a three-masted square rigged iron sailing ship. The ship measured 262ft 7" (79.87m) in length, 38ft (11.58m) in width, 23ft (7m) in depth and had a gross tonnage of 1693 tons. The LOCH ARD's main mast measured a massive 150ft (45.7m) in height. LOCH ARD made three trips to Australia and one trip to Calcutta before its final voyage. LOCH ARD left England on March 2, 1878, under the command of Captain Gibbs, a newly married, 29 year old. She was bound for Melbourne with a crew of 37, plus 17 passengers and a load of cargo. The general cargo reflected the affluence of Melbourne at the time. On board were straw hats, umbrella, perfumes, clay pipes, pianos, clocks, confectionary, linen and candles, as well as a heavier load of railway irons, cement, lead and copper. There were items included that intended for display in the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. The voyage to Port Phillip was long but uneventful. At 3am on June 1, 1878, Captain Gibbs was expecting to see land and the passengers were becoming excited as they prepared to view their new homeland in the early morning. But LOCH ARD was running into a fog which greatly reduced visibility. Captain Gibbs was becoming anxious as there was no sign of land or the Cape Otway lighthouse. At 4am the fog lifted. A man aloft announced that he could see breakers. The sheer cliffs of Victoria's west coast came into view, and Captain Gibbs realised that the ship was much closer to them than expected. He ordered as much sail to be set as time would permit and then attempted to steer the vessel out to sea. On coming head on into the wind, the ship lost momentum, the sails fell limp and LOCH ARD's bow swung back. Gibbs then ordered the anchors to be released in an attempt to hold its position. The anchors sank some 50 fathoms - but did not hold. By this time LOCH ARD was among the breakers and the tall cliffs of Mutton Bird Island rose behind the ship. Just half a mile from the coast, the ship's bow was suddenly pulled around by the anchor. The captain tried to tack out to sea, but the ship struck a reef at the base of Mutton Bird Island, near Port Campbell. Waves broke over the ship and the top deck was loosened from the hull. The masts and rigging came crashing down knocking passengers and crew overboard. When a lifeboat was finally launched, it crashed into the side of LOCH ARD and capsized. Tom Pearce, who had launched the boat, managed to cling to its overturned hull and shelter beneath it. He drifted out to sea and then on the flood tide came into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. He swam to shore, bruised and dazed, and found a cave in which to shelter. Some of the crew stayed below deck to shelter from the falling rigging but drowned when the ship slipped off the reef into deeper water. Eva Carmichael had raced onto deck to find out what was happening only to be confronted by towering cliffs looming above the stricken ship. In all the chaos, Captain Gibbs grabbed Eva and said, "If you are saved Eva, let my dear wife know that I died like a sailor". That was the last Eva Carmichael saw of the captain. She was swept off the ship by a huge wave. Eva saw Tom Pearce on a small rocky beach and yelled to attract his attention. He dived in and swam to the exhausted woman and dragged her to shore. He took her to the cave and broke open case of brandy which had washed up on the beach. He opened a bottle to revive the unconscious woman. A few hours later Tom scaled a cliff in search of help. He followed hoof prints and came by chance upon two men from nearby Glenample Station three and a half miles away. In a state of exhaustion, he told the men of the tragedy. Tom returned to the gorge while the two men rode back to the station to get help. By the time they reached LOCH ARD Gorge, it was cold and dark. The two shipwreck survivors were taken to Glenample Station to recover. Eva stayed at the station for six weeks before returning to Ireland, this time by steamship. In Melbourne, Tom Pearce received a hero's welcome. He was presented with the first gold medal of the Royal Humane Society of Victoria and a £1000 cheque from the Victorian Government. Concerts were performed to honour the young man's bravery and to raise money for those who lost family in the LOCH ARD disaster. Of the 54 crew members and passengers on board, only two survived: the apprentice, Tom Pearce and the young woman passenger, Eva Carmichael, who lost all of her family in the tragedy. Ten days after the LOCH ARD tragedy, salvage rights to the wreck were sold at auction for £2,120. Cargo valued at £3,000 was salvaged and placed on the beach, but most washed back into the sea when another storm developed. The wreck of LOCH ARD still lies at the base of Mutton Bird Island. Much of the cargo has now been salvaged and some was washed up into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. Cargo and artefacts have also been illegally salvaged over many years before protective legislation was introduced. One of the most unlikely pieces of cargo to have survived the shipwreck was a Minton porcelain peacock - one of only nine in the world. The peacock was destined for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. It had been well packed, which gave it adequate protection during the violent storm. Today, the Minton peacock can be seen at the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum in Warrnambool. From Australia's most dramatic shipwreck it has now become Australia's most valuable shipwreck artefact and is one of very few 'objects' on the Victorian State Heritage Register. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. Brass tap, has heavy encrustation and has been broken from fitting. Recovered from the wreck of the Loch Ard.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, loch line, loch ard, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, brass tap, tap

Ref: LA 3 32 273 HISTORY OF THE LOCH ARD The LOCH ARD belonged to the famous Loch Line which sailed many ships from England to Australia. Built in Glasgow by Barclay, Curdle and Co. in 1873, the LOCH ARD was a three-masted square rigged iron sailing ship. The ship measured 262ft 7" (79.87m) in length, 38ft (11.58m) in width, 23ft (7m) in depth and had a gross tonnage of 1693 tons. The LOCH ARD's main mast measured a massive 150ft (45.7m) in height. LOCH ARD made three trips to Australia and one trip to Calcutta before its final voyage. LOCH ARD left England on March 2, 1878, under the command of Captain Gibbs, a newly married, 29 year old. She was bound for Melbourne with a crew of 37, plus 17 passengers and a load of cargo. The general cargo reflected the affluence of Melbourne at the time. On board were straw hats, umbrella, perfumes, clay pipes, pianos, clocks, confectionary, linen and candles, as well as a heavier load of railway irons, cement, lead and copper. There were items included that intended for display in the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. The voyage to Port Phillip was long but uneventful. At 3am on June 1, 1878, Captain Gibbs was expecting to see land and the passengers were becoming excited as they prepared to view their new homeland in the early morning. But LOCH ARD was running into a fog which greatly reduced visibility. Captain Gibbs was becoming anxious as there was no sign of land or the Cape Otway lighthouse. At 4am the fog lifted. A man aloft announced that he could see breakers. The sheer cliffs of Victoria's west coast came into view, and Captain Gibbs realised that the ship was much closer to them than expected. He ordered as much sail to be set as time would permit and then attempted to steer the vessel out to sea. On coming head on into the wind, the ship lost momentum, the sails fell limp and LOCH ARD's bow swung back. Gibbs then ordered the anchors to be released in an attempt to hold its position. The anchors sank some 50 fathoms - but did not hold. By this time LOCH ARD was among the breakers and the tall cliffs of Mutton Bird Island rose behind the ship. Just half a mile from the coast, the ship's bow was suddenly pulled around by the anchor. The captain tried to tack out to sea, but the ship struck a reef at the base of Mutton Bird Island, near Port Campbell. Waves broke over the ship and the top deck was loosened from the hull. The masts and rigging came crashing down knocking passengers and crew overboard. When a lifeboat was finally launched, it crashed into the side of LOCH ARD and capsized. Tom Pearce, who had launched the boat, managed to cling to its overturned hull and shelter beneath it. He drifted out to sea and then on the flood tide came into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. He swam to shore, bruised and dazed, and found a cave in which to shelter. Some of the crew stayed below deck to shelter from the falling rigging but drowned when the ship slipped off the reef into deeper water. Eva Carmichael had raced onto deck to find out what was happening only to be confronted by towering cliffs looming above the stricken ship. In all the chaos, Captain Gibbs grabbed Eva and said, "If you are saved Eva, let my dear wife know that I died like a sailor". That was the last Eva Carmichael saw of the captain. She was swept off the ship by a huge wave. Eva saw Tom Pearce on a small rocky beach and yelled to attract his attention. He dived in and swam to the exhausted woman and dragged her to shore. He took her to the cave and broke open case of brandy which had washed up on the beach. He opened a bottle to revive the unconscious woman. A few hours later Tom scaled a cliff in search of help. He followed hoof prints and came by chance upon two men from nearby Glenample Station three and a half miles away. In a state of exhaustion, he told the men of the tragedy. Tom returned to the gorge while the two men rode back to the station to get help. By the time they reached LOCH ARD Gorge, it was cold and dark. The two shipwreck survivors were taken to Glenample Station to recover. Eva stayed at the station for six weeks before returning to Ireland, this time by steamship. In Melbourne, Tom Pearce received a hero's welcome. He was presented with the first gold medal of the Royal Humane Society of Victoria and a £1000 cheque from the Victorian Government. Concerts were performed to honour the young man's bravery and to raise money for those who lost family in the LOCH ARD disaster. Of the 54 crew members and passengers on board, only two survived: the apprentice, Tom Pearce and the young woman passenger, Eva Carmichael, who lost all of her family in the tragedy. Ten days after the LOCH ARD tragedy, salvage rights to the wreck were sold at auction for £2,120. Cargo valued at £3,000 was salvaged and placed on the beach, but most washed back into the sea when another storm developed. The wreck of LOCH ARD still lies at the base of Mutton Bird Island. Much of the cargo has now been salvaged and some was washed up into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. Cargo and artefacts have also been illegally salvaged over many years before protective legislation was introduced. One of the most unlikely pieces of cargo to have survived the shipwreck was a Minton porcelain peacock - one of only nine in the world. The peacock was destined for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. It had been well packed, which gave it adequate protection during the violent storm. Today, the Minton peacock can be seen at the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum in Warrnambool. From Australia's most dramatic shipwreck it has now become Australia's most valuable shipwreck artefact and is one of very few 'objects' on the Victorian State Heritage Register. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. Brass tap. Bronze disease active and heavily concreted. Recovered from the wreck of the Loch Ard. Artefact Reg No LA/12. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, loch line, loch ard, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, tap

When the ship Schomberg was launched in 1855, she was considered the most perfect clipper ship ever to be built. James Blaine’s Black Ball Line had commissioned her to be built for their fleet of passenger liners. At a cost of £43,103, the Aberdeen builders designed her to sail faster than the quick clippers designed by North American Donald McKay. She was a three-masted wooden clipper ship, built with diagonal planking of British oak with layers of Scottish larch. This luxury vessel was designed to transport emigrants to Melbourne in superior comfort. She had ventilation ducts to provide air to the lower decks and a dining saloon, smoking room, library and bathrooms for the first-class passengers. At the launch of Schomberg’s maiden voyage, her master Captain ‘Bully’ Forbes, drunkenly predicted that he would make the journey between Liverpool and Melbourne in 60 days. Schomberg departed Liverpool on 6 October 1855 with 430 passengers and 3000 tons of cargo including iron rails and equipment intended the build the Geelong Railway and a bridge over the Yarra from Melbourne to Hawthorn. The winds were poor as Schomberg sailed across the equator, slowing her journey considerably. She was 78 days out of Liverpool when she ran aground on a sand spit near Peterborough, Victoria, on 27 December; the sand spit and the currents were not marked on Forbes’s map. Overnight, the crew launched a lifeboat to find a safe place to land the ship’s passengers. The scouting party returned to Schomberg and advised Forbes that it was best to wait until morning because the rough seas could easily overturn the small lifeboats. The ship’s Chief Officer spotted SS Queen at dawn and signalled the steamer. The master of the SS Queen approached the stranded vessel and all of Schomberg’s passengers were able to disembark safely. The Black Ball Line’s Melbourne agent sent a steamer to retrieve the passengers’ baggage from the Schomberg. Other steamers helped unload her cargo until the weather changed and prevented the salvage teams from accessing the ship. Local merchants Manifold & Bostock bought the wreck and cargo, but did not attempt to salvage the cargo still on board the ship. They eventually sold it on to a Melbourne businessman and two seafarers. After two of the men drowned when they tried to reach Schomberg, salvage efforts were abandoned.32 In 1975, divers from Flagstaff Hill, including Peter Ronald, found an ornate communion set at the wreck. The set comprised a jug, two chalices, a plate and a lid. The lid did not fit any of the other objects and in 1978 a piece of the lid broke off, revealing a glint of gold. As museum staff carefully examined the lid and removed marine growth, they found a diamond ring, which is currently on display in the Great Circle Gallery.33 Flagstaff Hill also holds ship fittings and equipment, personal effects, a lithograph, tickets and photograph from the Schomberg. Most of the artefacts were salvaged from the wreck by Peter Ronald, former director of Flagstaff Hill. The Schomberg, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S612), has great historical significance as a rare example of a large, fast clipper ship on the England to Australia run, carrying emigrants at the time of the Victorian gold rush. She represents the technical advances made to break sailing records between Europe and Australia. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from the Schomberg is significant for its association with the shipwreck, The collection is primarily significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the Schomberg. It is archaeologically significant as the remains of an international passenger Ship. It is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and for its association with the shipwreck and the ship, which was designed to be fastest and most luxurious of its day Tap brass decorative with hooked barrel, cut away decoration on handle. Has thread for mounting. Recovered from the wreck of the Schomberg.warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, schomberg, shipwrecked-artefact, clipper ship, black ball line, 1855 shipwreck, aberdeen clipper ship, captain forbes, peterborough shipwreck, ss queen, tap, brass gas tap

Photo Album - titled "TAP - Part E - VR Trams – Sheets E1 to E24 ", from Transit Australia Publishing. Photos used in the Destination City and other publications series. For a detailed list of photographs see htd4604i.pdf. For individual photo images see: \dbtext\hawthtramcoll\photo collections\TAP-Part D, images TAP269 to TAP315. TAP269_1-scrubber-OrmondRd_c1943_LeonMarcshallWood.jpg (Bob Lilburn notes in a letter to Keith Kings, photo dated 10/1942 - see 4064.1 in the same folder) TAP270_7_BrightonBeach_1954_HughBallment.jpg TAP271_17_ex-Sydney_LeonMarshallWoodCollection.jpg TAP272_23_ElwoodDepotTurntable.jpg TAP273_26_SandringhamDepot_LGPooleColln.jpg TAP274_40_BrightonBeach_1954_HughBallment.jpg TAP275_43_Sandringham_1943_LeonMarshallWood.jpg TAP276_43_ElwoodDepot_HughBallment.jpg TAP277_48_BlackRock_1954_HughBallment.jpg TAP278_51_ElwoodDepot_25Jan1957_LeonMarshallWood.jpg TAP279_ElwoodDepot_1918.jpg TAP280_6-ElwoodDepot.jpg TAP281_8-9trailer_LeonMarshallWoodCollection.jpg TAP282_3_ElwoodDepot_HughBallment.jpg TAP283_6_ElwoodDepot.jpg TAP284_6_ElwoodDepot_RayPearsonColln.jpg TAP285_trailer_ElwoodDepot_PTC.jpg TAP286_23_Sandringham_RayPearson.jpg TAP287_28-32_ElwoodDepot_PTC.jpg TAP288_32_StKilda_HughBallment.jpg TAP289_34_OrrmondRd_TMSV.jpg TAP291_37_ElwoodDepot_LindsayCrowe.jpg TAP292_36-39_VautierSt_JimSeletto.jpg TAP292_36-52_ElwoodDepot_1959_JimSeletto.jpg TAP293_40-33_ElwoodDepot_HughBallment.jpg TAP294_41_StKildaStation_1959_JimSeletto.jpg TAP295_43_StKildaStation_HughBallment.jpg TAP296_48_BlackRock_1954_HughBallment.jpg TAP297_51_Sandringham_LindsayCrowe.jpg TAP298_51_leaving-Sandringham_HughBallment.jpg TAP299_51_Sandringham_RayPearson.jpg TAP300_50_Sandringham_1955_GeoffGrant.jpg TAP301_LuxuryCar_Elwood_VictorianRailways.jpg TAP302_52_leaving-StKilda_HughBallment.jpg TAP303_53_ElwoodDepot_HughBallment.jpg TAP304_53-40_StKilda_NoelReed_19Jan1954.jpg TAP305_54_ElwoodDepot_NoelReed.jpg TAP306_Esplanade_MiddleBrighton_TMSV.jpg TAP307_BrightonBeach_TMSV.jpg TAP308_SandringhamStation_TMSV.jpg TAP309_34_ElwoodDepot_JimSeletto.jpg TAP310_34_Yarrambat_JimSeletto.jpg TAP312_34_Elwood_VictorianRailways.jpg TAP313_43_StKildaStation_HughBallment.jpg TAP314_43-894_StKildaStation.jpg TAP315_53_VautierSt_JimSeletto.jpgtrams, tramways, transit australia, destination city, tramcars, depots, vr, victorian railways, st kilda brighton, sandringham, tram 1, tram 7, tram 17, tram 23, tram 26, tram 40, tram 43, tram 46, tram 51, tram 6, tram 3, tram 13, tram 23, tram 28, tram 32, tram 34, tram 36, tram 39, tram 37, tram 52, tram 40, tram 43, tram 41, tram 48, tram 51, tram 50, tram 53, tram 4, tram 54, tram 42

Photo Album - titled "TAP - Part B - W to W4, L, X and Y class trams – sheets B1 to B36", from Transit Australia Publishing. Photos used in the Destination City and other publications series. For a detailed list of photographs see htd4601i.pdf. For individual photo images see: \dbtext\hawthtramcoll\photo collections\htd4601-TAP-ParB, images TAP67 to TAP160. TAP67_106_ElsternwickPO_WalJack.jpg TAP68_102_GlenhuntlyRd_ALBebeek.jpg TAP69_105_StKildaRd_Jun1979_RayMarsh.jpg TAP70_218-610_PointOrmond_JohnBeckett.jpg TAP71_218_ElsternwickStation_25Sep1953_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP72_219_Dec1923_JohnStevenson_KSKcollection.jpg TAP73_249_Esplanade_decorations-gone_1939_PWDuckett.jpg TAP74_275_ElginSt_24Mar1956_KeithKings.jpg TAP75_297_EastBrighton_14May1961_KeithKings.jpg TAP76_305_SouthMelbourne_14May1961_KeithKings.jpg TAP77_306_StKildaRd_25Sep1953_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP78_310_PrincesBridge_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP79_329_GlenhuntlyDepot_Jul1929.jpg TAP80_334_EastPrestonDepot_7April1969_KeithKings.jpg TAP81_3326_ColinsSt_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP82_348_BalaclavaJunction_13Jan1962_KeithKings.jpg TAP83_380-dropcentreSeats_RYoul.jpg TAP84_426_BatmanAve_23Sep1953_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP85_436_HighSt-at-BennettsRd_16Feb1957_KeithKings.jpg TAP86_441_Victoria150_NorthBalwyn.jpg TAP87_No7-truck_449_KIngsway_KeithKings_9Sep1961n.jpg TAP88_478_BatmanAve_23Sep1953_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP89_534_VictoriaSt_RayPearson.jpg TAP90_536_HighSt_Kew_KeithKings_28Sep1961.jpg TAP91_536_HighSt_Kew_KeithKings_28Sep1961.jpg TAP92_No7-truck_544_WJohnWebster_29Sep1953.jpg TAP93_548_StLouis.EIB64.Trucks_BrunswickDepot_JohnAlfred_28Jan1957.jpg TAP94_548_StLouis.EIB64.Trucks_StKildaRd_KeithKings_19Mar1955.jpg TAP95_573_PointOrmond_LindsayCrow.jpg TAP96_574_CollinsSt_WJohnWebster_28Sep1953.jpg TAP97_646-113_1987_Bundoora.jpg TAP98_654_RoyalPde_BobLilburn_1949.jpg TAP99_658_ElizabethSt_WJohnWebster_28Sep1953.jpg TAP100_665_CollinsSt_WJohnWebster_28Sep1953.jpg TAP101_665_MacarthurSt_WJohnWebster_28Sep1953.jpg TAP102_459_BallaratRd_Footscray_ALBebee.jpg TAP103_459_BallaratRd_Footscray_ALBebee.jpg TAP104_460_NicholsonSt-into-BuckleySt_Footscray_WJohnWebster_28Sep1953.jpg TAP105_467_GordonSt.jpg TAP106_X1_WilliamstownRd.jpg T AP107_X1_interior.jpg TAP108_678_WilliamstownRd_KeithKings_13Jan1962.jpg TAP109_679_BuckleySt-depot.jpg TAP110_680_FootscrayStation_RayPearson.jpg TAP111_469_BatmanAve_25Sep1953_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP112_469_CamberwellDepot_KeithKings_25April1950.jpg TAP113_469_RiversdaleRd_NedMackintosh_1972.jpg TAP114_610_PointOrmond_JohnBeckett.jpg TAP115_611_CamberwellDepot_BobLilburn.jpg TAP116_613_BatmanAve_WJohnWebster_23Sep1953.jpg TAP117_104_JohnBeckett.jpg TAP118_105_MMTB.jpg TAP119_103-1024_StKildaRd_6Jan1973_AndrewFoy.jpg TAP120_106_GlenhuntlyRd.jpg TAP121_217_MalvernDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP122_217_MalvernDepot_DaveMacartney_12Sep1971.jpg TAP123_218_PointOrmond_LCrow.jpg TAP124_218_Elsternwick_WJohnWebster_c1953.jpg TAP125_218_GlenhuntlyRd_Broadway.jpg TAP126_W-body_MMTB.jpg TAP127_275_MalvernDepot.jpg TAP128_275_SwanstonSt.jpg TAP129_280_StKilda_WJohnWebster_c1953.jpg TAP130_308_KewDepot_c1925_MMTBAnnualReport.jpg TAP131_310-681_BatmanAve_RayPearson_1930s.jpg TAP132_317_Traverser_Preston_MMTB.jpg TAP133_340_HighSt_MMTB.jpg TAP134_364_Preston_MMTB.jpg TAP135_390_WellingtonPde.jpg TAP136_422_SwanstonSt_WJohnWebster_c1953.jpg TAP137_426_BatmanAve_LCrow.jpg TAP138_426_BatmanAve_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP139_426_CamberwellDepot_GeoffGrant_7May1955.jpg TAP140_436_SpencerSt_BobLilburn_1948.jpg TAP141_511_CamberwellDepot_GeoffGrant_7May1955.jpg TAP142_514_StKildaRd_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP143_544_StKilda_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP144_568_Decorated_RayPearson.jpg TAP145_660_GlenhuntlyDepot_LCrow.jpg TAP146_658_SwanstonSt_PaulNicholson_23Dec1967.jpg TAP145 - copy of TAP 145 TAP148_665_MacarthurSt_WJohnWebster_28Sep1953.jpg TAP149_671_Preston_MMTB.jpg TAP150_673_decorated_Preston_MMTB.jpg TAP151_674_PeelSt_DaleBudd_1965.jpg TAP152_674_WJohnWebster_c1953.jpg TAP153_456_PointOrmond_WJohnWebster_c1953.jpg TAP154_679_BuckleySt_LCrow_mid1950s.jpg TAP155_610_MorelandRd_PaulNicholson_22Sep1968.jpg TAP156_610_Preston_MMTB_1930.jpg TAP157_611_Preston_MMTB.jpg TAP158_613_BatmanAve_25Sep1953_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP159_419_Preston_MMTB.jpg TAP160_510_WellingtonPde_PTC_1989.jpgtrams, tramways, transit australia, destination city, tramcars, depots, w class, w1 class, w2 class, w3 class, w4 class, l class, x class, y class, tram 106, tram 102, tram 105, tram 218, tram 610, tram 219, tram 249, tram 275, tram 297, tram 305, tram 306, tram 210, tram 334, tram 336, tram 349, tram 380, tram 426, tram 436, tram 441, tram 449, tram 478, tram 534, tram 536, tram 544, tram 548, tram 573, tram 574, tram 646, tram 658, tram 665, tram 459, tram 460, tram 467, tram 678, tram 679, tram 680, tram 469, tram 610, tram 611, tram 613, tram 104, tram 1024, tram 217, tram 218, tram 280, tram 308, tram 210, tram 681, tram 317, tram 340, tram 364, tram 390, tram 422, tram 426, tram 436, tram 511, tram 514, tram 544, tram 568, tram 660, tram 658, tram 660, tram 665, tram 671, tram 673, tram 674, tram 459, tram 679, tram 610, tram 611, tram 613, tram 419, tram 510

Photo Album - titled "TAP - Part G - Miscellaneous - Sheets G1 to G14", from Transit Australia Publishing. Photos used in the Destination City and other publications series. For a detailed list of photographs see htd4606i.pdf - Miscellaneous For individual photo images see: \dbtext\hawthtramcoll\photo collections\TAP-Part F, images TAP396 to TAP435. TAP396_272-646_VictoriaPde_RayMarsh.jpg TAP397_922_PrestonWorkshops_April1993_NormCross.jpg TAP398_937_Restaurant_SpencerSt_EarlEwers.jpg TAP399_RipponleaDestination.jpg TAP400_Wheels-etc-noise-reduction_MMTB.jpg TAP401_MaribyrnongBridge-single-track_c1942-3_PWDuckettColln.jpg TAP402_MaribyrnongBridge-doubletrack_PWDuckettColln.jpg TAP403_MaribyrnongBridge-from-tram_PWDuckett.jpg TAP404_961_ElizabethSt-trolleypole-and-arc-shield_WJohnWebster_28Sep1953.jpg TAP405_OverheadCrossing_Glenferrie-RiversdaleRds_26Sep53_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP406_MalvernDepot_26Sep53_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP407_BundyClock_Elsternwick_25Sep53_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP408_PleaseStepInside-sign_721_25Sep53_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP409-TramStopSign_WilliamRd-MalvernRd_23Sep53_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP410_SafetyZone_FitzroySt_25Sep53_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP411-TramStopSign_Ryrie-MooraboolSt_Geelong_24Sep53_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP412_NeonSign_GlenferrieRd_26Sep53_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP413_HailCarsHere_FitzroySt_25Sep53_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP414_Maintenance-staff-Malvern_Jan1922.jpg TAP415_TrackRepair_StKIldaRd_25Sep53_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP416_TrackWork_VictoriaPde-at-GisborneSt_1950_PeterDuckett-colln.jpg TAP417_VictoriaPde-just-before_LatrobeSt tramway-built_22Sep1950.jpg TAP418_VictoriaPde_new-LatrobeSt tramway_c1950.jpg TAP419_762-temporary-track_LygonS-near-ElginSt_WalJack_Jun1953.jpg TAP420_Trackwork_MalvernTownHall_PWDuckett_May1987.jpg TAP421_Trackwork_MalvernTownHall_PWDuckett_May1987.jpg TAP422_Trackwork_MalvernTownHall_PWDuckett_May1987.jpg TAP423_Trackwork_MalvernTownHall_PWDuckett_May1987.jpg TAP424_track-open-field_PWDuckett_Colln.jpg TAP425_track-open-field_PWDuckett_Colln.jpg TAP426_546_pantograph-test_Preston_ GraemeTurnbull.jpg TAP427_442_Restaurant-WilliamScott_May1984.jpg TAP428_RecruitingTram_Malvern_1915_MMTB.jpg TAP429_R10_2029_BourkeSt_HughBallment_Dec1992.jpg TAP430_214_works-train_RoyalPark_c1925.jpg TAP431_StKildaJunction-from-hotel_PeterDuckettColln.jpg TAP432_512_Seattle_Oct1990_IanCooper.jpg TAP433_648_Duncoe-at-MarketSt_WCWhittaker.jpg TAP434_178-869_CarlisleSt_JimSeletto_1960.jpg TAP435_FootscrayDepot_last-night_1962_JimSeletto.jpgtrams, tramways, transit australia, destination city, tramcars, depots, emergency, trackwork, bundy clock, signs, tram stops, pantographs, preston workshops, maribyrnong river bridge, tram 272, tram 646, tram 922, tram 937, tram 961, tram 762, tram 546, tram 442, tram 214, tram 512, tram 648, tram 178, tram 869

Photo Album - titled "TAP - Part F - Work Trams Sheets F1 to F34", from Transit Australia Publishing. Photos used in the Destination City and other publications series. For a detailed list of photographs see htd4605i.pdf. For individual photo images see: \dbtext\hawthtramcoll\photo collections\TAP-, images TAP316 to TAP395. TAP316_2A_Preston_c1927_GJNowell.jpg TAP317_4_Preston_KSKings.jpg TAP318_4_SouthMelbourne_RayPearson.jpg TAP319_5_SouthMelbourne_9Mar1959KeithKings.jpg TAP320_5_CollinsSt.jpg TAP321_First6_Preston_RayPearson.jpg TAP322_7_HawthornDepot_RayPearson.jpg TAP323_7_SouthMelbourne_KeithKings_9Mar1959.jpg TAP324_7_SouthMelbourne_KeithKings_14Mar1965.jpg TAP325_8_HighSt-Preston_BASilcove.jpg TAP326_9W_Preston_NormCross_1979.jpg TAP328_11W_Preston_HughBallment_Mar1982.jpg TAP329_9_BourkeSt_2Sep1969_DavidClark.jpg TAP330_9_SouthMelbourne_KeithKings_29Jul1959.jpg TAP331_10_SouthMelbourne_KeithKings_26Dec1968.jpg TAP332_10_SouthMelbourne_ABeebe.jpg TAP334_First11_Hawthorn_RayPearson.jpg TAP335_11W_Bundoora_28Aug1995_HughWaldron.jpg TAP336_16_Preston_28Sep1961_KeithKings.jpg TAP337_17_HannaSt_29Jan1960_KeithKings.jpg TAP338_17_GleferrieRd_DavidClark_30Jul1969.jpg TAP339_209-18_Preston_RayPearson.jpg TAP340_18_Preston_Mar1948_JackRichardson.jpg TAP341_19_FlemingtonRd_4Jun1970_DavidClark.jpg TAP342_19_HannaSt-perway-yard_ABeebe.jpg TAP343_20_SouthMelbourne-perway-yard_27Mar1964_KeithKings.jpg TAP344_30_DogCar_Camberwell_PWDuckett.jpg TAP345_190_Camberwell_JBStranger.jpg TAP346_198_Preston_27Dec1968_KeithKings.jpg TAP347_199_Preston_15Aug1959_KeithKings.jpg TAP348a_199_HannaSt-perway_ABeebe.jpg TAP348_199_HannaSt-perway_ABeebe.jpg TAP349_206_Preston_1Nov1949_KeithKings.jpg TAP350_267_SouthMelbourne_30Jan1967_KeithKings.jpg TAP351_485_SouthMelbourne_9Mar19641967_KeithKings.jpg TAP352_533_lightrail_DaleBudd.jpg TAP353_890_HawthornDepot_27Apr1992_RJMarsh.jpg TAP354_9-7-8_HannaSt-perway_ABeebe.jpg TAP355_2Grinder_StKildaRd_ABeebe.jpg TAP356_2Grinder_HannaSt-perway_9Mar1959_KeithKings.jpg TAP357_3Grinder_HannaSt-perway_c1960_KeithKings.jpg TAP358_3Grinder_HannaSt-perway_9Mar1959_KeithKings.jpg TAP359_BallastTrailer-24_Preston_PTC.jpg TAP360_BallastTrailer-24_DandenongRd_12April1964_KeithKings.jpg TAP361_BallastTrailer-24_Aerodrome_CharlesCraig.jpg TAP362_LongBallastTrailer_Preston_Mar1948_ABeebe.jpg TAP363-exHTT-trailer_Dwg-R115_KeithKings.jpg TAP364-exNMETLCo-trailer_Dwg-R1452_KeithKings.jpg TAP365-exPMTT-cleaner_Dwg-549_KeithKings.jpg TAP366_3_Preston_1932_RayPearson.jpg TAP367_5_StKildaRd-at-CityRd_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP368_(Second-6_Preston_c1961_PTC.jpg TAP369_7-HighSt-StKilda_Feb1959_JimSeletto.jpg TAP370a_7_SouthMelbourne_1950s_JohnBeckett.jpg TAP370_7_SouthMelbourne_1950s_LMarshallWood.jpg TAP371_7_SouthMelbourne_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP372_7_StKildaRd-into-ParkSt_Feb1978_GaryDavey.jpg TAP373_8_SwanstonSt_LindsayCrow.jpg TAP374_8_StKildaRd-at-CityRd_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP375_8_Preston_MMTB.jpg TAP376_8_PrincesBridge_1954_JimSeletto.jpg TAP377_16W_Preston_1980_RayMarsh.jpg TAP378_First16_Preston_1930s_RayPearson.jpg TAP379_17_ColdbloRd_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP380_17_HannaSt_RayPearson.jpg TAP381_19_Preston_RayPearson.jpg TAP382_233_LineMarker_PTC.jpg TAP383_533_TestTram_MMTB.jpg TAP384_Grinder3_ChapelSt-at-Carlisle_1969_JeffBounds.jpg TAP386_Second6_HighSt_c1962_PTC.jpg TAP387_11_HighSt-StKildaRd_JimSeletto.jpg TAP388_15_PrestonWorkshops_1966_JimSeletto.jpg TAP389_17_SouthMelbourneDepot_DaleBudd.jpg TAP390_221_Derail-trainer_SouthMelbourneDepot_NormCross.jpg TAP391_485-trailer_JimSeletto.jpg TAP392_485-dropcentre_DaleBudd.jpg TAP393_Grinder_SouthMelbourneDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP394_Grinder3_Preston_PTC.jpg TAP395_Trailer-20_Preston_NormCross.jpgtrams, tramways, transit australia, destination city, tramcars, depots, work trams, tram 2a, tram 4, tram 5, tram 6, tram 7, tram 8, tram 9w, tram 11w, tram 9, tram 10, tram 11, tram 16, tram 17, tram 209, tram 18, tram 19, tram 20, tram 30, tram 190, tram 198, tram 199, tram 206, tram 267, tram 485, tram 544, tram 890, tram 24, tram 5, tram 6, tram 233, tram 533, tram 15, tram 221, tram 485

Photo Album - titled "TAP - Part A - Pre MMTB or W class – sheets A1 to A29 ", from Transit Australia Publishing. Photos used in the Destination City and other publications series. For a detailed list of photographs see htd4600i.pdf. For individual photo images see: \dbtext\hawthtramcoll\photo collections\htd4600-TAP-PartA, images TAP1 to TAP65. TAP01_Malvern Depot-assembling-trams.jpg TAP02_M1_Union Rd. Ascot Vale.jpg TAP03_Myer-Santa-tram_WilliamSt_MMTB.jpg TAP03_Myer-Santa-tram_William St_MMTB-obverse.jpg TAP04_8_Preston WS_Norm Cross.jpg TAP05_22-5_High St-Prahran_1910_CRC Field.jpg TAP06_31-36_High St-Armadale Rose Postcard.jpg TAP07_36_Dandenong Rd_c1917_Duckett Collection.jpg TAP08_Glenferrie Rd. Rose Postcard.jpg TAP09_52_Glenferrie Rd. Rose Postcard.jpg TAP10_53_Glenhuntly Rd_13Nov1913_Duckett Collection.jpg TAP11_93_Balwyn.jpg TAP12_163_Barkly St.jpg TAP13_177_Footscray_25Sep1953_W John Webster.jpg TAP14_177_Radiax Truck_Footscray_25Sep1953_W John Webster.jpg TAP15_181_Footscray_25Sep1953_WJ ohn Webster.jpg TAP16_185_Newmarket.jpg TAP17_197_SouthMelb_RJNowell.jpg TAP18_202_WilliamSt-late1920s.jpg TAP19_204_WilliamSt-late1920s.jpg TAP20_205_BowCollector.jpg TAP21_206_Preston_Mar1948_JackRichardson.jpg TAP22_ZooHorseTRam_TMSV-Postcard.jpg TAP22_ZooHorseTRam_TMSV-Postcard-obverse.jpg TAP23_16_Bendigo.jpg TAP24_456-others_Preston_Jul1947_JackStranger.jpg TAP25_180_WilliamstownRd.jpg TAP26_U_RacecourseRd.jpg TAP27_BoxHill-saloon.jpg TAP28_NMET-9-trailer_MtAlexanderRd.jpg TAP29_16_NicholsonSt-Coburgt_MMTB.jpg TAP30_26_CamberwellDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP32_47_MalvernDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP33_44-18_Bendigo.jpg TAP34_50_.jpg TAP35_60_KewDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP36_83_MalvernDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP37_275-6-93_Preston_RayPearson.jpg TAP38_99_KewDepot_Jan1937_RayPearson.jpg TAP39-122_McCraeSt_NormCross.jpg TAP40_137_HawthornDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP41_138_BourkeSt_20Oct1991_RayMarsh.jpg TAP42_140_PointOrmond.jpg TAP43_141_MalvernDepot_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP44_150_PointOrmond.jpg TAP45B_159_SwanstonSt_KSKings_14Mar1948.jpg TAP45C_159_SwanstonSt_KSKings_14Mar1948.jpg TAP46_171_SouthMelbourneDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP47_174_StGeorgesRd_JohnBeckett_1949.jpg TAP48_177_FootscrayDepot.jpg TAP49_177_FootscrayDepot_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP50_178_PointOrmond.jpg TAP51_178_ElsternwickRS_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP52A_179_LeedsSt-Footscray.jpg TAP52A_179_LeedsSt-Footscray_LCrow.jpg TAP52B_179_LeedsSt-Footscray_LCrow.jpg TAP53_187_SouthMelbourneDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP54_190_CamberwellDepot_GeoffGrant_7May1955.jpg TAP55_191_ElizabethSt-terminus_JohnBeckett.jpg TAP56_192_StKildaSA.jpg TAP57_200_MillerSt.jpg TAP58_205_LygonSt-into-BrunswickRd.jpg TAP59_208_EssendonDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP60_V214_MillerSt_1978_MMTB.jpg TAP61_15_EssendonDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP62_PrinceofWales-decoration_1920.jpg TAP63_EssendonDepot-PowerHouse.jpg TAP64_DoncasterTram_IllustratedAustrlianNews_9Nov1889.jpg TAP65_180_BourkeSt-at-SpencerSt.jpg Transit Australia Photos - Pre W class - sheets A1 to A29 -trams, tramways, transit australia, destination city, tramcars, depots, pmtt, htt, mbctt, nmetl, doncaster, bendigo, tram 1, tram 13, tram 9, 16, tram 8, tram 22, tram 5, tram 31, tram 36, tram 50, tram 63, tram 53, tram 93, tram 163, tram 177, tram 181, tram 185, tram 197, tram 202, tram 204, tram 205, tram 206, tram 84, tram 456, tram 180, tram 9, tram 26, tram 31, tram 36, tram 47, tram 44, tram 60, tram 83, tram 275, tram 93, tram 99, tram 122, tram 137, tram 138, tram 140, tram 141, tram 150, tram 159, tram 171, tram 174, tram 177, tram 178, tram 179, tram 187, tram 190, tram 191, tram 200, tram 205, tram 214, tram 15, tram 180

Photo Album - titled " TAP - Part C - W5 to W7 – VR & 980 – sheets C1 to C41 ", from Transit Australia Publishing. Photos used in the Destination City and other publications series. For a detailed list of photographs see htd4602i.pdf. For individual photo images see: \dbtext\hawthtramcoll\photo collections\htd4602-TAP-PartC, images TAP164 to TAP243. TAP164_52_RiverSt_KeithKings_2Apr1960.jpg TAP165_52_RiverSt.jpg TAP166_700_MooneePonds.jpg TAP167_736_HughWaldron.jpg TAP168_820_MooneePondsJunct_2Feb1972_AndrewFoy.jpg TAP169_821_VictoriaPde_Jan1993_RayMarsh.jpg TAP170_796_MaribyrnongRvrBridge_DuckettColln.jpg TAP171_899_VictoriaPde-at-GisborneSt_DuckettColln.jpg TAP172_910_QueensBridge.jpg TAP173_923_RAAF_SwanstonSt_NoellReed_19Jan1953.jpg TAP174_980_VictoriaPde.jpg TAP175_980_RoyalVisit_MalvernDepot_5Mar1954-KeithKings.jpg TAP176_980_VictoriaPde_3Feb1951.jpg TAP177_980_VictoriaPde_3Feb1951.jpg TAP178_980_BourkeSt_26Dec1969_GregKing.jpg TAP179_980_RoyalTram-MMTB.jpg TAP180_980_RoyalTram-StGeorgesRd_KeithKings_1Mar1954.jpg TAP181_980_Preston_HughBallment.jpg T AP182_980_AETA-tour.jpg TAP183_1003_HawthornRd_12April1955_KeithKings_1Mar1954.jpg TAP184_1031-1032_GlenferrieRd_NoelReed_17Feb1956.jpg TAP185_AETA_pre-opening tour_BourkeSt_25Jun1955.jpg TAP186_53_Footscray_18Jan1969_PaulNicholson.jpg TAP187_53_Preston_Feb1973_MMTB.jpg TAP188_684_Caulfield_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP189_685_Esplanade_RayPearson.jpg TAP190_721_Elsternwick_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP191_736_MMTB.jpg TAP192_740_WilliamSt_AndrewFoy_7Feb1972.jpg TAP194_736_VicMarket_RayPearson_13Apr1936.jpg TAP195_760_VicMarket_1986_MichaelMcLeod.jpg TAP196_787_FlemingtonRd_RogerPywell_16May1960.jpg TAP197_801_StKildaRd-trackwork_KSKings_18Mar1951.jpg TAP198_808_Esplanade_RayPearson.jpg TAP199_810_TruganiniRd_NoelReed.jpg TAP200_812_StKildaJunction.jpg TAP201_816_MalvernDepot_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP201_847_BatmanAve_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP202_816_FlindersSt_1986_MichaelMcLeod.jpg TAP203_844_MalvernDepot_AndrewFoy6Jan1973.jpg TAP205_856_BatmanAve_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP206_885_Carnegie_IanCooper.jpg TAP207_836_ElizabethSt_HughBallment.jpg TAP208_887_MalvernDepot_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP209_914_BatmanAve_GeoffGrant.jpg TAP210_914_BatmanAve_LindsayCrowe.jpg TAP211_923_RAAF_VictoriaSt_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP212_915_50thAnnivFederation_Preston_21May1951_KeithKings.jpg TAP213_958_Glenhuntly_AndrewFoy_9Jan1986.jpg TAP214_965_ChapelSt_AndrewFoy_9Jan1986.jpg TAP215_979_HighSt_MMTB.jpg TAP216_988-1003_TestRuns_NicholsonSt_GeoffGrant_19Jun1955.jpg TAP217_988_Nicholson-intoVictoria_GeoffGrant_19Jun1955.jpg TAP218_991_BourkeStOpening_GeoffGrant_24Jun1955.jpg TAP219_993_EastBrighton_DaleBudd_1989.jpg TAP220_993_NicholsonSt_PaulNicholson_10Sep1968.jpg TAP221_994_SmithSt_AndrewFoy_20May1976.jpg TAP222_999_SwanSt_AndrewFoy_19Jan1977.jpg TAP223_980_GlenferrieRd_NoelReed_.jpg TAP224_980_GlenferrieRd_WJohnWebster.jpg TAP225_980_VictoriaPde_AETAtour_KeithKings_3Feb1951.jpg TAP226_980_DandenongRd_MMTB.jpg TAP227_980_Preston_HughBallment.jpg TAP228_1002_SwanstonSt_AndrewFoy_3Jan1989.jpg TAP229_1003_EastPrestonDepot_MMTB.jpg TAP230_1010_HighSt_MMTB.jpg TAP231_1032_MMTB.jpg TAP232_1033_AETAtour_7Apr1956_GeoffGrant.jpg TAP233_1033_EastBrunswick_AETAtour_7Apr1956_GeoffGrant.jpg TAP234_52_DroopSt_JimSeletto.jpg TAP235a_761-961_DomainInterchenge_FrizVanDam_24Oct1988.jpg TAP235_750-759_VictoriaStShunt_FrizVanDam_31Oct1988.jpg TAP236_833-974_CarlisleSt_FrizVanDam_24Oct1988.jpg TAP237_888-999_DandenongRd-at-LansdowneSt_FrizVanDam_22Oct1988.jpg TAP238_940_EastPreston_marker-lights_Jun1970_MMTB.jpg TAP239_891-Kew_pantographtest_RayMarsh_21Nov1989.jpg TAP240_1032-917_VictoriaPde_FrizVanDam_28Oct1988.jpg TAP241_1024_EastBrighton_JimSeletto_1963.jpg TAP242_FrontEntranceSW6-drawing_MMTB_22Aug1955.jpg TAP243_FrontEntranceSW6-drawing_altered-as-1016.jpg Transit Australia Photos - W5 to W7 + VR + 980 sheets C1 to C41.pdf - this item stored in box 01-0 - as Reg Item 4620 foolscap size - larger than folder.trams, tramways, transit australia, destination city, tramcars, depots, w5 class, sw5 class, sw6 class, w7 class, w6 class, vr, tram 52, tram 700, tram 736, tram 820, tram 796, tram 899, tram 910, tram 923, tram 980, tram 1003, tram 1031, tram 1032, tram 53, tram 684, tram 685, tram 721, tram 736, tram 740, tram 746, tram 760, tram 787, tram 801, tram 808, tram 810, tram 812, tram 816, tram 844, tram 847, tram 856, tram 885, tram 836, tram 887, tram 914, tram 923, tram 915, tram 958, tram 965, tram 979, tram 988, tram 1003, tram 991, tram 993, tram 994, tram 999, tram 1002, tram 1003, tram 1010, tram 1032, tram 1033, tram 750, tram 759, tram 761, tram 961, tram 833, tram 974, tram 888, tram 940, tram 891, tram 917, tram 1016

Tubular glass pipe with glass tap.glass

Tubular glass pipe with glass tap.glass

Tubular glass pipe with glass tap.glass

Engineers T tap wrench of metal, with 1/4 inch thread tap. Incised on tap, '1/4 20 WHIT Made in England', and on wrench, a triangular design containing the letters GTD, and below, KOn tap, '1/4 20 WHIT Made in England|On wrench, 'GTD' AND 'K'trades, mechanics, tools

Plan showing locations and instructions for use, hand drawn. "Overlay onto SP1 Plan 1/1987," handwritten on it. Plan same as 11.0715.vcah, sluice valves, taps, fire hydrants

Through its quarterly newsletters, the Arthritis Foundation of Victoria (AFV) was able to inform its members about arthritis-friendly kitchen and household aids, and how to use them. In this photo, Arthritis Victoria member and volunteer, Bill O'Connor, demonstrates how to use a tap-turner to facilitate turning a garden tap on and off.COL close up photo of a man using a tap-turner tool to open a garden tap. The tap is located on an exterior brick wall.arthritis foundation of victoria, afv, arthritic aids, kitchen aids, kitchen gadgets, gardening aids, tap turner, living with arthritis, pain management, 1998

This wooden tap consists of two parts - the main body, and the tap which is made of the same wood and is polished. The body and the tap have been decorated with circular marking.Chandler's Fitzroy encircling a kangaroo. No 1 Reverse : H. Gage Maker Melbournewine, spiggot, tap, cask, barrel

In 1896 Robert James Probyn-Williams was appointed first honorary anaesthetist to the London Hospital and joined a select band of fulltime anaesthetists (26) in Great Britain. The Probyn Williams inhaler was a further modification of the Clover inhaler with narrow airways and rebreathing. The metal inhaler is ovoid shaped. The rotating gauge has a series of numbers engraved onto the inhaler for measurement. There is an elbow joint leading to a connector for attaching a re-breather bag, and at the other end is tap-style mechanism. There is a small glass bulb encased in a metal housing. The facemask is completely made of metal as well.Stamped into handle of tap: COEXTER & SONjoseph clover, frederick hewitt, robert probyn williams

A traditional term in the British Navy meaning to serve out an additional tot of grog to a ship's crew. The main brace itself was a purchase attached to the main lower yard of a square-rigged ship to brace the yard round to the wind. However, it probably has little to do with the saying beyond the fact that hauling on the main brace called for a maximum effort by the crew. In the days of sail the main brace was spliced (in terms of drink) in very bad weather or after a period of severe exertion by the crew, more as a pick-me-up than for any other purpose. But with the introduction of steam propulsion, with machines to take most of the harder labour out of seagoing, the main brace was spliced only on occasions of celebration or, occasionally, after battle. Now that rum is no longer issued aboard ship, splicing the main brace is a thing of the past.A small tap used to empty contents from a barrel containing rum or whisky aboard ships.Brass spigot or tap used for inserting into a barrel containing liquid such as rum, whisky or vinegar etctap, spigot, barrel, alcohol, liquid storage

Tobacco smoking became a popular leisure activity in the 19th century. The corkscrew and the tapper accessories are used to clean the pipe and remove the debris after the tobacco is smoked in the pipe. The tamper is marked Capstan, which is a brand of pipe tobacco. The brand was first used in 1894 when W.D. & H.O. Wills launched their new product. The pipe tobacco accessories are associated with tobacco pipes and with Capstan tobacco, which became available in the 1890s. Smoking has been a popular leisure activity since the 19th century and continues now. The manufacturer of Capstan, W.D. & H.O. Wills, was the first company to mass-produce cigarettes.Pipe cleaners; a pair of metal accessories tools for cleaning tobacco pipes. One is a corkscrew, and the other is a tapper, shaped like a tapered nail. The tapper has an inscription. The brand is Capstan."Smoke" "Capstan"warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, capstan, tobacco pipe tools, tobacco accessories, pipe corkscrew, pipe tamper, tobacco tapper, tobacco smoking