This book was part of a large group of books referred to as the Pattison Collection, which belonged to the Warrnambool Public Library, part of the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute. About RALPH ERIC PATTISON and the ‘PATTISON COLLECTION’ The ‘Pattison Collection’ is a collection of books and records that was originally owned by the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute, founded in Warrnambool in 1853. By 1886 the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute (WMI) had grown to have a Library, Museum and Fine Arts Gallery, with a collection of “… choice productions of art and valuable specimens in almost every branch and many wonderful national curiosities are now to be seen there, including historic relics of the town and district.” It later included a School of Design. Although it was very well patronised, the WMI was led to ask the City Council to take it over in 1911 due to lack of financial support. In 1935 Ralph Pattison was appointed as City Librarian to establish and organise the Warrnambool Public Library as it was then called. Ralph Eric Pattison was born in Rockhampton, Queensland, in 1891. He married Maude Swan from Warrnambool in 1920 and they set up home in Warrnambool. In 1935 when Pattison accepted the position as City Librarian for the Warrnambool City Council his huge challenge was to make a functional library within two rooms of the Mechanics’ Institute. He tirelessly cleaned, cleared and sorted a disarrayed collection of old books, jars of preserved specimens and other items reserved for exhibition in the city’s museum. He developed and updated the library with a wide variety of books for all tastes, including reference books for students; a difficult task to fulfil during the years following the Depression. He converted all of the lower areas of the building into a library, reference room and reading room for members and the public. The books were sorted and stored using a cataloguing and card index system that he had developed himself. He also prepared the upper floor of the building and established the Art Gallery and later the Museum, a place to exhibit the many old relics that had been stored for years for this purpose. One of the treasures he found was a beautiful ancient clock, which he repaired, restored and enjoyed using in his office during the years of his service there. Ralph Pattison was described as “a meticulous gentleman whose punctuality, floorless courtesy and distinctive neat dress were hallmarks of his character, and ‘his’ clock controlled his daily routine and his opening and closing of the library’s large heavy doors to the minute.” Pattison took leave from 1942 to 1945 to serve in the Royal Australian Navy, Volunteer Reserve as Lieutenant. A few years later he converted one of the Museum’s rooms into a Children’s Library, stocking it with suitable books for the younger generation. This was an instant success. In the 1950’s he had the honour of being appointed to the Victorian Library Board and received more inspiration from the monthly conferences in Melbourne. He was sadly retired in 1959 after over 23 years of service, due to the fact that he had gone over the working age of council officers. However, he continued to take a very keen interest in the continual development of the Library until his death in 1969. THE NEW WARRNAMBOOL LIBRARY When the WMI building was pulled down in 1963 a new civic building was erected on the site and the new Warrnambool Library, on behalf of the City Council, took over all the holdings of the WMI. At this time some of the items were separated and identified as the ‘Pattison Collection’, named after Pattison. Eventually, the components of the WMI were distributed from the Warrnambool Library to various places, including the Art Gallery, Historical Society and Flagstaff Hill. Later some were even distributed to other regional branches of Corangamite Regional Library and passed to and fro. It is difficult now to trace just where all of the items have ended up. The books at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village generally display stamps and markings from Pattison as well as a variety of other institutions including the Mechanics’ Institute itself. WARRNAMBOOL MECHANICS’ INSTITUTE Warrnambool's Mechanics' Institute (or Institution as it was sometimes called) was one of the earliest in Victoria. On 17th October 1853, a meeting was held where it was resolved to request the Lieutenant Governor of the Colony to grant land for the erection of a Mechanics' Institutes building. A committee was formed at the meeting and Richard Osburne chaired the first meeting of this committee. The land on the North West corner of Banyan and Merri Streets was granted but there were no funds to erect the building. The Formal Rights of the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute's encompassed its aims and these were officially adopted in1859; "This Institution has for its object the diffusion of literary, scientific, and other useful knowledge amongst its members, excluding all controversial subjects, religious or political. These objects are sought to be obtained by means of a circulating library, a reading room, the establishment of classes, debates, and the occasional delivery of lectures on natural and experimental philosophy, mechanics, astronomy, chemistry, natural history, literature, and the useful and ornamental arts, particularly those which have a more immediate reference to the colony." The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute opened its first reading room in November 1884 in the National School building at the corner of Banyan and Timor Streets. The Institute was funded by member subscription, payable on a quarterly, half-yearly or yearly basis. Samuel Hannaford, the Manager of the Warrnambool Bank of Australasia, was the first Honorary Secretary of the Mechanics' Institutes, and an early President and Vice-President. He also gave several of the early lectures in the Reading Room. Another early Secretary, Librarian and lecturer was Marmaduke Fisher, the teacher at the National School. Lecture topics included The Poets and Poetry of Ireland', 'The Birth and Development of the Earth', 'The Vertebrae - with Remarks on the pleasures resulting from the study of Natural History' and 'Architecture'. In 1856 the Reading Room was moved to James Hider's shop in Timor Street, and by 1864 it was located in the bookshop of Davies and Read. In the 1860s the Mechanics' Institute struggled as membership waned but in 1866, after a series of fundraising efforts, the committee was able to purchase land in Liebig Street, on a site then called Market Square, between the weighbridge and the fire station. A Mechanics' Institute building was opened at this site in August 1871. The following year four more rooms were added to the main Reading Room and in 1873 the Artisan School of Design was incorporated into the Institute. The same year Joseph Archibald established a Museum; however, it deteriorated when he was transferred to Bendigo in 1877. In 1880, with Archibald's return to Warrnambool, the Museum was re-established, and in 1885 a new building was built at the back of the Institute to accommodate the re-created School of Design, the Art Gallery and the Museum. In 1887 the Museum section was moved to the former courthouse in Timor Street (for some time the walls of the building formed part of the TAFE cafeteria but all is now demolished)). In 1911 the Museum was transferred back to the original building and the management of the Mechanics' Institute was handed over to the Warrnambool City Council. The Museum and Art Gallery became one and housed many fine works of art, and the Library continued to grow. The building was well patronised, with records showing that at the beginning of the 20th century there were between 500 and 800 visitors. During World War One the monthly figures were in the thousands, with 3,400 people visiting in January 1915. The Museum was a much - loved Institution in Warrnambool until the contents of the Museum and Art Gallery were removed to make room for the Warrnambool City Council Engineers' Department. The contents were stored but many of the items were scattered or lost. When the original building was demolished the site became occupied by the Civic Centre, which included the new City Library. (The library was temporarily located in the old Palais building in Koroit Street.) In the process of reorganisation the Collection was distributed amongst the community groups: -The new City Library took some of the historical books and some important documents, historic photographs and newspapers. -The Art Gallery kept the 19th Century art collection and some of the artefacts from the museum. -The Historical Society has some items -The State Museum has some items -Some items were destroyed -Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village has old newspapers, Government Gazettes, most of the Mechanics' Institute Library, ledgers and documents connected to the Mechanics' Institute Library, some framed and unframed artworks and some photographs. The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute Library book collection is deemed to be of great importance because it is one of the few collections in an almost intact state, and many of the books are now very rare and of great value. The Pattison Collection, along with other items at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, was originally part of the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s collection. The Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute Collection is primarily significant in its totality, rather than for the individual objects it contains. Its contents are highly representative of the development of Mechanics' Institute libraries across Australia, particularly Victoria. A diversity of publications and themes has been amassed, and these provide clues to our understanding of the nature of and changes in the reading habits of Victorians from the 1850s to the middle of the 20th century. The collection also highlights the Warrnambool community’s commitment to the Mechanics’ Institute, reading, literacy and learning in the regions, and proves that access to knowledge was not impeded by distance. These items help to provide a more complete picture of our community’s ideals and aspirations. The Warrnambool Mechanics Institute book collection has historical and social significance for its strong association with the Mechanics Institute movement and the important role it played in the intellectual, cultural and social development of people throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. The collection of books is a rare example of an early lending library and its significance is enhanced by the survival of an original collection of many volumes. The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s publication collection is of both local and state significance. Washington Square Author: Henry James Jr Publisher: MacMillian & Co Date: 1881 Further Information: Book has 3 parts 1. Washington Square 2. The Pension Beaurepas 3. A Bundle of Letters The label on the spine cover with typed text PAT 813.4 JAM Pastedown front endpaper has a sticker from Warrnambool Mechanics Institute and Free Library Front loose endpaper has a sticker from Corangamite Regional Library Service Front loose endpaper has a stamp from Corangamite Regional Library Service Flyleaf has a stamp from Warrnambool Mechanics Institute and Free Library flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, washington square, henry james jr

A four page instruction manual for the game of Paddle tennis (known in Australia as Bat Tennis). The cover features a photo image of boys and girls playing a bat tennis game in Washington Square, New York City. Materials: Paper, Inktennis

A small poster promoting the game of Paddle tennis (known in Australia as Bat Tennis). It features a photo image of boys and girls playing a bat tennis game in Washington Square, New York City; an illustration of a 'paddle'; lawn tennis player endorsements; and media reports. Materials: Paper, Inktennis

Negative of a photograph of 558 and grip at the Nicholson St terminus, December 1939. Has the outside the Palace Theatre 790 Nicholson St Fitzroy in the view and the Railway Hotel 800 Nicholson St Fitzroy. Tram has the destination of Spencer St. and an advert for Apollo Theatre on the side of the grip car. The Theatre has "Rose of Washington Square" showing that night. The associated sho9p is selling Nestles Mil, Swallows Ice cream.trams, tramways, cable trams, nicholson st, fitzroy, hotels, theatres, tram 558

Article titled The Bendigo Post Office, compiled by L C Bennetts. Mentioned is the history of the Bendigo Post Office and postmarks, some information on mining, Bendigo foundries, Underground connections of mines, expenses and shaft sinking costs. Also mentioned is Bendigo and Eaglehawk - 60 years ago and the role the pubs played in daily living. They were where theatres, concerts and dances were held, and the meeting rooms for clubs and lodges, even church benefits. Listed is a number of Bendigo hotels. Some even had a few names. Names of the pubs are: The Freemasons, The Courthouse, The Commercial Law Courts, The Hamburg, The European, The Prince Bismark, The Lord Kitchener, The Bendigo, The Rosalind Park, The Showgrounds, Atheneum Club, Olivers, Bridge Hotel, Bourkes, The Globe, The Hibernia, Albert, Albion, Abbotts, Australian, Belvidere, Beehive, British Queen, Black Eagle, British and American, Brian Boru, Bakers Arms, Butchers Arms, Brick Layers Arms, Bull and Mouth, Cresent, Clarence, Back Creek Bridge, Cape Clear, Crooked Billet, Cambridgeshire Arms, Camp, Coach and Horses, Cricketers Arms, Diggers Rest, Ellesmere, Five Lions, Franklyn, Golden Square, Golden Gate, Golden Gully, Golden Age, Golden Vine, Gumtree, Glasgow Reef, Great Britain, Haymarket, Daniel O'Connell, Half Way House, Fleece Inn, Ironbark, Johnsons Reef, Lancashire, Live and Let Live, Manchester Arms, Gold Mines, Metropolitan, Crown, National, New Chum, Honeysuckle Street, Pavilion, Napier Arms, Quartz Miners Arms, Retreat Inn, Rainbow, Rose of Australia, Lake View, Robin Hood, Fountain, Southern Cross, Bath, Berlin, Spring Gully, Star, Sir Charles Hotham, Silvermines, Royal Oak, Suburban, Town Hall, Temperance, Ship Inn, View Point, View Bend, Victoria, Exchange, American, Arcade, Belfast, All Nations, Union, United Kingdom, Union Jack, Westend, Washington, Waterloo, Wellington, Whitehorse, Wheat Sheaf, Yorkshire, Niagra and Noahs Ark.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - the bendigo post office, l c bennetts, mt alexander post office, porcupine inn, cenotaph, pike or pyke, baby health centre, sandhurst post office, government survey office, queen elizabeth oval, sandhurst trustees company, mr h b briston, savings bank, telegraph office, the sub-treasury, sir henry brougham lock kcb, sir john nimmo mla, prince of wales group of mines, the new prince of wales, eaglehawk golf links, new prince of wales no 2, the whip and jersey, mines department, lansell's big 180, new chum and victoria mine and battery, new chum railway, koch's pioneer, south new moon, catherine reef united, new moon, the virginia, south bell vue, central nell gwynne, north nell gwynne, miner's phthisis, hercules engine house, ironbark, new chum syncline, hercules energetic, roberts & sons, harkness & co, horwoods, great southern, ulster, carlisle, lansells big 180, victoria quartz, new st mungo, duchess tribute, south devonshire, hopewell mine, saxby mine, mcnair & co, shamrock, mr king, burke and wills expedition, sandhurst hotel, courthouse, hiberian, the freemasons, the courthouse, the commercial law courts, the hamburg, the european, the prince bismark, the lord kitchener, the bendigo, the rosalind park, the showgrounds, atheneum club, olivers, bridge hotel, bourkes, the globe, the hibernia, albert, albion, abbotts, australian, belvidere, beehive, british queen, black eagle, british and american, brian boru, bakers arms, butchers arms, brick layers arms, bull and mouth, cresent, clarence, back creek bridge, cape clear, crooked billet, cambridgeshire arms, camp, coach and horses, cricketers arms, diggers rest, ellesmere, five lions, franklyn, golden square, golden gate, golden gully, golden age, golden vine, gumtree, glasgow reef, great britain, haymarket, daniel o'connell, half way house, fleece inn, ironbark, johnsons reef, lancashire, live and let live, manchester arms, gold mines, metropolitan, crown, national, new chum, honeysuckle street, pavilion, napier arms, quartz miners arms, retreat inn, rainbow, rose of australia, lake view, robin hood, fountain, southern cross, bath, berlin, spring gully, star, sir charles hotham, silvermines, royal oak, suburban, town hall, temperance, ship inn, view point, view bend, victoria, exchange, american, arcade, belfast, all nations, union, united kingdom, union jack, westend, washington, waterloo, wellington, whitehorse, wheat sheaf, yorkshire, niagra, noahs ark

Basil William Bates Miller was born in Castlemaine on 27th June, 1908, the eldest child of Ferdinand and Lavina. The family moved to Bendigo and subsequently to a house in King Street, where Basil lived for over 70 years. All the family were musical and Basil became accomplished at Piano, organ and violin. He was honorary organist at his church and many Masonic Lodges for up to 40 years. He served in the Bendigo Regiment and as a warrant Officer in the Royal Australian Engineers in World War II. In the 1920's Basil obtained employment with the Electric Supply Company of Victoria as an 'oiler boy' and later Junior Conductor. He rose through Conductor, Motorman and Inspector to retire as Senior Inspector when the State Electricity Commission of Victoria closed the Bendigo Tramways in April 1972. He was involved in Tramway Union affaird for many years and his staunch views on inductrial matters were well known. He remained active during almost 30 years of retirement and died in the Bendigo Hospitral on 14th August, 2001 at the age of 93. Black and white photograph of Basil Miller, Senior Traffic Inspector of Bendigo Tramways, in uniform, looking to the right. Martin Washington written in pencil, bottom right corner. Mounted on cream card. Basil left his tramways collection of photographs and documents to the Bendigo Historical Society. Mr. Arthur Penna, 78 emmett Street, Golden Square, was the executor of Basil's will.person, individual, basil miller

Alice McGREGOR Born: 1908; unknown parents. Possibly adopted by the Salter family? Electoral Roll 1936: Highland Terrace Kangaroo Flat. Alice Mary Salter and William Robert Salter living together; presumed to be sister and brother. William Robert Salter was killed in a MVA in Bendigo in 1937 aged 26. In Victoria in 1938, Alice Mary Salter married James Thomas McGregor (born Victoria 1917, died Victoria 1983, buried Fawkner Cemetery) Lived: 1968; 22 Wade Street Golden Square Alice McGregor Died: 1999 aged 91 at Anne Caudle Centre, Bendigo Buried: Kangaroo Flat Cemetery See additional research. Postcard Album of Alice McGregor contained 86 post cards.Postcard Album of Alice McGregor containing 86 post cards. See 1400 Colour photo of the Mt. Washington Incline (Funicular Railway), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Advertising sign and 2 figures at bottom of incline. Addressed to Miss A. Stapleton, Arcade, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia Sender - George Laidlaw, 84 Frankstown Ave. PO stamp on front May 1, 1906, Seattle, Washington PO stamp on back May 14, 1906, Pittsburgh, Pa. postcard, collector, alice mcgregor

Golden Square Methodist Choir. Mid - late 1930s. Black and white photograph of eleven men and eighteen women arranged in three rows. The men are dressed in dinner suits with bow ties. The women are wearing dresses. One man is seated in the centre of the front row with a small Shield resting against his feet. The photograph is taken against a fence with two buildings in the back ground. Photograph is mounted on grey board. The names of the choir members are written in ink on the reverse. Joan McDonald Collection. Golden Square Methodist Choir Back Row L- R J.C. Chamney, Alan Jones, Mel? Warne, Tom Washington, W Henderson, A Tredinnick, Fred Cattran, Norm J ?, W (Darby) Bemmett, Albert Trabinger. 2nd Row Effie Olds, Hilda Shalwell, Hilda Trabinger, Mrs Alf Brown, Holly Salters, Alice Graham, G... Davidson, Jeannie Thomas, Sylvie Olds, Em Shipp. Front Row Nell Washington, Else Medlin, Doris Goddard, E Chamney, Cyril Warne (Conductor), Laura Doenan ? , Win McQuillan, Doris Sampson, Muriel Wishart. Jack Chamney married Edith Henderson in 1935. parents of Donor.golden square methodist church, choir

copy of document. Merit Certificate issued to Ellen Washington for completing her elementary schools 2a., on the 19th. Day of November 1926. Head teacher's name : A.M. Parratt, G.E. Parker, Inspector of Schools.education, primary, golden square laurel st p.s.

Letter handwritten in biro by Ellen Blandford ( Washington ) Huntly, Victoria. Mounted on red board. Letter recalls concert held at the school in the 1920. Names on image of girls (dressed in witches outfits), May Meager, Rita Holland, Mavic Davidson, Gwen Henderson, …. Jackson? Nellie Washington. Also on board copy of photo of two women dressed as school students in the 'back to in 1926'Ellen Blandfordbendigo, education, golden square school 1189, golden square primary school 1189

Black and white framed photograph of the Golden Square Eventide Welfare Association Committee 1971-72 with names in a timber frame under glass. Back row: Jack Bright, Kevin Slater (Architect-Draftsman), Dick Beattie, Harley Brown (Vice President), Arthur Lawry. Front row: Jim Porter, Edna Ellis, Gordon Sayers (Honorary Secretary), Denis Oakes (President), Norm Pinch (Honorary Treasurer), Win Brown, George Ellis (Vice President).Martin Washingtonphotograph, person, golden square eventide

A yellow book titled ' The Life of George Washington First President of the United States. The hero of the American War of Independence. A great and distinguished man ; called to the highest position in the State and the Army, and alike admirable in both.' London: Ward, Lock & Co., Salisbury Square, E.C.481 - 496 pgs. This booklet is one of a series of 53 ' Ward & Lock's Penny Books for the People.' 'Biographical Series.' Price one penny. There are also advertisements of note.books, biography, george washington, lydia chancellor, collection, book, books, george washington, american history, ward & lock's penny books for the people, biographical series, male, individual, person, biographies, advertisements, penny books

This three-dimensional Distant Signal is part of a Flagstaff Signal set of ball, cone and drum shapes. It has been woven and then fabricated with strong metal swivel fittings and loops for suspending from a high point on a flagstaff at a signal station or on a ship’s masthead. The cane signal was constructed to withstand all weather and to be visible from a long distance. The gaps between the woven cane allow air to pass through, minimising possible swaying. Similar sets were made from rope or fabric. Warrnambool's Flagstaff was erected in 1854. Its primary use was to display visual signals that could convey messages between land and sea. It was also used to notify the local population of the approach of ships. One of the popular signalling codes in use in the early-to-mid 1800s was the Marryat’s Code but there were others in use as well; there was no one standard code. In 1857 the International Marine Conference adopted an International Code of Signals as a standard communications system for all vessels that could be understood in many different languages. The Normanby Advertiser reported on June 5th 1857 a query from the Post Master General as to whether the request of the Chief Harbour Master would be carried out, in that Warrnambool would receive a new flagstaff and a set of Marryatt’s signal flags. The Table of Codes was published, showing how to use combinations of these flags to send messages. The Code was revised in 1887 to cover situations where distance, light, wind and weather conditions affected the visibility of the flags and prevented clear communication. The first report of the International Code of Signals Committee of 1897 warned signalmen not to rely on ordinary semaphore flags and introduced a Distant Signal Code using either particular semaphore flags or the three-dimensional shapes of a ball, cone and drum that aligned with the semaphore flag shapes of a circle, pennant and square. International Code of Signals In 1931, after World War I’s experiences in using signal codes, the International Code of Signals conference in Washington revised and published the rules for the conduct of signalling. One of the changes was that “the use of the Distant Signals and of fixed semaphore was abandoned”. It is of interest to know that modern marine law in many countries insists that a set of Day Shapes must be carried onboard vessels of a certain size. These highly visible geometric shapes are used at sea in daylight to communicate messages between vessels. They are used in a similar way to the Distant Signals, in that different combinations of shapes represent different messages. The set of shapes includes a ball, cylinder, cone and diamond. The shapes are hung between the top of the vessel’s foremast and the front of the vessel. They are only coloured black and are about 1.5 metres high. The vertical line of shapes can mean messages such as Boat not under command, Fishing, and Under sail and power.Distant Signals were an important means of marine communication from the late 1880s to the early 1930s, including during World War I. They were an advancement to the International Shipping Codes and safety. The cane signals’ shapes appear to be the same from whatever direction they are viewed, removing confusion about the message they convey. The same shapes continue to be used today for the sets of Day Shapes used as marine navigational signals that are mandatory on certain-sized vessels.Distant Signal Cone, part of a Flagstaff signal set. A woven cane cone, painted black, with a metal rod passing through the centre and two crossed metal bars at the base. The central rod has a loop at the top and passes through the bars at the base, finishing in a metal loop. The rod has swivels at each end.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, shipwreck coast, marine navigation, marine communications, communication signal, lifesaving, ship at sea, day shape, masthead signal, day signal, day mark signals, marine technology, safety equipment, navigation equipment, marine day shape, day marker, cane day shape, signal cone, day signal cone, cone signal, cone day shape, distant signal, flagstaff signal, signal station, communications, signals, marine signals, flaghoists, international marine conference, international code of signals, signal codes, marine safety, signal flags, daymark, day symbol, navigation, warrnambool flagstaff, 1854, 1857 1931, 1887, 1897

This three-dimensional Distant Signal is part of a Flagstaff Signal set of ball, cone and drum shapes. It has been woven and then fabricated with strong metal swivel fittings and loops for suspending from a high point on a flagstaff at a signal station or on a ship’s masthead. The cane signal was constructed to withstand all weather and to be visible from a long distance. The gaps between the woven cane allow air to pass through, minimising possible swaying. Similar sets were made from rope or fabric. Warrnambool's Flagstaff was erected in 1854. Its primary use was to display visual signals that could convey messages between land and sea. It was also used to notify the local population of the approach of ships. One of the popular signalling codes in use in the early-to-mid 1800s was the Marryat’s Code but there were others in use as well; there was no one standard code. In 1857 the International Marine Conference adopted an International Code of Signals as a standard communications system for all vessels that could be understood in many different languages. The Normanby Advertiser reported on June 5th 1857 a query from the Post Master General as to whether the request of the Chief Harbour Master would be carried out, in that Warrnambool would receive a new flagstaff and a set of Marryatt’s signal flags. The Table of Codes was published, showing how to use combinations of these flags to send messages. The Code was revised in 1887 to cover situations where distance, light, wind and weather conditions affected the visibility of the flags and prevented clear communication. The first report of the International Code of Signals Committee of 1897 warned signalmen not to rely on ordinary semaphore flags and introduced a Distant Signal Code using either particular semaphore flags or the three-dimensional shapes of a ball, cone and drum that aligned with the semaphore flag shapes of a circle, pennant and square. International Code of Signals In 1931, after World War I’s experiences in using signal codes, the International Code of Signals conference in Washington revised and published the rules for the conduct of signalling. One of the changes was that “the use of the Distant Signals and of fixed semaphore was abandoned”. It is of interest to know that modern marine law in many countries insists that a set of Day Shapes must be carried onboard vessels of a certain size. These highly visible geometric shapes are used at sea in daylight to communicate messages between vessels. They are used in a similar way to the Distant Signals, in that different combinations of shapes represent different messages. The set of shapes includes a ball, cylinder, cone and diamond. The shapes are hung between the top of the vessel’s foremast and the front of the vessel. They are only coloured black and are about 1.5 metres high. The vertical line of shapes can mean messages such as Boat not under command, Fishing, and Under sail and power.Distant Signals were an important means of marine communication from the late 1880s to the early 1930s, including during World War I. They were an advancement to the International Shipping Codes and safety. The cane signals’ shapes appear to be the same from whatever direction they are viewed, removing confusion about the message they convey. The same shapes continue to be used today for the sets of Day Shapes used as marine navigational signals that are mandatory on certain-sized vessels.Distant Signal Ball, part of a Flagstaff signal set. A round woven cane ball, painted black, with a metal rod passing through the centre. The rod has a loop at each end, then a concave, octagonal metal plate that rests on the outside surface of the ball, serving as a washer. The rod has swivels at each end.distant signal, flagstaff signal, signal station, masthead signal, communications, marine technology, signals, marine signals, flaghoists, international marine conference, international code of signals, signal codes, marine safety, signal flags, day shape, daymark, day symbol, navigation, warrnambool flagstaff, 1854, 1857 1931, 1887, 1897

This three-dimensional Distant Signal is part of a Flagstaff Signal set of ball, cone and drum shapes. It has been woven and then fabricated with strong metal swivel fittings and loops for suspending from a high point on a flagstaff at a signal station or on a ship’s masthead. The cane signal was constructed to withstand all weather and to be visible from a long distance. The gaps between the woven cane allow air to pass through, minimising possible swaying. Similar sets were made from rope or fabric. Warrnambool's Flagstaff was erected in 1854. Its primary use was to display visual signals that could convey messages between land and sea. It was also used to notify the local population of the approach of ships. One of the popular signalling codes in use in the early-to-mid 1800s was the Marryat’s Code but there were others in use as well; there was no one standard code. In 1857 the International Marine Conference adopted an International Code of Signals as a standard communications system for all vessels that could be understood in many different languages. The Normanby Advertiser reported on June 5th 1857 a query from the Post Master General as to whether the request of the Chief Harbour Master would be carried out, in that Warrnambool would receive a new flagstaff and a set of Marryatt’s signal flags. The Table of Codes was published, showing how to use combinations of these flags to send messages. The Code was revised in 1887 to cover situations where distance, light, wind and weather conditions affected the visibility of the flags and prevented clear communication. The first report of the International Code of Signals Committee of 1897 warned signalmen not to rely on ordinary semaphore flags and introduced a Distant Signal Code using either particular semaphore flags or the three-dimensional shapes of a ball, cone and drum that aligned with the semaphore flag shapes of a circle, pennant and square. International Code of Signals In 1931, after World War I’s experiences in using signal codes, the International Code of Signals conference in Washington revised and published the rules for the conduct of signalling. One of the changes was that “the use of the Distant Signals and of fixed semaphore was abandoned”. It is of interest to know that modern marine law in many countries insists that a set of Day Shapes must be carried onboard vessels of a certain size. These highly visible geometric shapes are used at sea in daylight to communicate messages between vessels. They are used in a similar way to the Distant Signals, in that different combinations of shapes represent different messages. The set of shapes includes a ball, cylinder, cone and diamond. The shapes are hung between the top of the vessel’s foremast and the front of the vessel. They are only coloured black and are about 1.5 metres high. The vertical line of shapes can mean messages such as Boat not under command, Fishing, and Under sail and power.Distant Signals were an important means of marine communication from the late 1880s to the early 1930s, including during World War I. They were an advancement to the International Shipping Codes and safety. The cane signals’ shapes appear to be the same from whatever direction they are viewed, removing confusion about the message they convey. The same shapes continue to be used today for the sets of Day Shapes used as marine navigational signals that are mandatory on certain-sized vessels.Distant Signal Ball, part of a Flagstaff signal set. A round woven cane ball, painted black, with a metal rod passing through the centre. The rod has a loop at each end, then a concave, octagonal metal plate that rests on the outside surface of the ball, serving as a washer. The rod has swivels at each end.flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, distant signal, signal, maritime signal, ball signal, signal shape, flagstaff signal, signal station, masthead signal, communications, marine technology, signals, marine signals, flaghoists, international marine conference, international code of signals, signal codes, marine safety, signal flags, day shape, daymark, day symbol, navigation, warrnambool flagstaff, 1854, 1857 1931, 1887, 1897

This three-dimensional Distant Signal is part of a Flagstaff Signal set of ball, cone and drum shapes. It has been woven and then fabricated with strong metal swivel fittings and loops for suspending from a high point on a flagstaff at a signal station or on a ship’s masthead. The cane signal was constructed to withstand all weather and to be visible from a long distance. The gaps between the woven cane allow air to pass through, minimising possible swaying. Similar sets were made from rope or fabric. Warrnambool's Flagstaff was erected in 1854. Its primary use was to display visual signals that could convey messages between land and sea. It was also used to notify the local population of the approach of ships. One of the popular signalling codes in use in the early-to-mid 1800s was the Marryat’s Code but there were others in use as well; there was no one standard code. In 1857 the International Marine Conference adopted an International Code of Signals as a standard communications system for all vessels that could be understood in many different languages. The Normanby Advertiser reported on June 5th 1857 a query from the Post Master General as to whether the request of the Chief Harbour Master would be carried out, in that Warrnambool would receive a new flagstaff and a set of Marryatt’s signal flags. The Table of Codes was published, showing how to use combinations of these flags to send messages. The Code was revised in 1887 to cover situations where distance, light, wind and weather conditions affected the visibility of the flags and prevented clear communication. The first report of the International Code of Signals Committee of 1897 warned signalmen not to rely on ordinary semaphore flags and introduced a Distant Signal Code using either particular semaphore flags or the three-dimensional shapes of a ball, cone and drum that aligned with the semaphore flag shapes of a circle, pennant and square. International Code of Signals In 1931, after World War I’s experiences in using signal codes, the International Code of Signals conference in Washington revised and published the rules for the conduct of signalling. One of the changes was that “the use of the Distant Signals and of fixed semaphore was abandoned”. It is of interest to know that modern marine law in many countries insists that a set of Day Shapes must be carried onboard vessels of a certain size. These highly visible geometric shapes are used at sea in daylight to communicate messages between vessels. They are used in a similar way to the Distant Signals, in that different combinations of shapes represent different messages. The set of shapes includes a ball, cylinder, cone and diamond. The shapes are hung between the top of the vessel’s foremast and the front of the vessel. They are only coloured black and are about 1.5 metres high. The vertical line of shapes can mean messages such as Boat not under command, Fishing, and Under sail and power.Distant Signals were an important means of marine communication from the late 1880s to the early 1930s, including during World War I. They were an advancement to the International Shipping Codes and safety. The cane signals’ shapes appear to be the same from whatever direction they are viewed, removing confusion about the message they convey. The same shapes continue to be used today for the sets of Day Shapes used as marine navigational signals that are mandatory on certain-sized vessels.Distant Signal Cone, part of a Flagstaff signal set. A woven cane cone, painted black, with a metal rod passing through the centre and two crossed metal bars at the base. The central rod has a loop at the top and passes through the bars at the base, finishing in a metal loop. The rod has swivels at each end.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, shipwreck coast, marine navigation, marine communications, communication signal, lifesaving, ship at sea, day shape, masthead signal, day signal, day mark signals, marine technology, safety equipment, navigation equipment, marine day shape, day marker, cane day shape, signal cone, day signal cone, cone signal, cone day shape, distant signal, flagstaff signal, signal station, communications, signals, marine signals, flaghoists, international marine conference, international code of signals, signal codes, marine safety, signal flags, daymark, day symbol, navigation, warrnambool flagstaff, 1854, 1857 1931, 1887, 1897

This three-dimensional Distant Signal is part of a Flagstaff Signal set of ball, cone and drum shapes. It has been woven and then fabricated with strong metal swivel fittings and loops for suspending from a high point on a flagstaff at a signal station or on a ship’s masthead. The cane signal was constructed to withstand all weather and to be visible from a long distance. The gaps between the woven cane allow air to pass through, minimising possible swaying. Similar sets were made from rope or fabric. Warrnambool's Flagstaff was erected in 1854. Its primary use was to display visual signals that could convey messages between land and sea. It was also used to notify the local population of the approach of ships. One of the popular signalling codes in use in the early-to-mid 1800s was the Marryat’s Code but there were others in use as well; there was no one standard code. In 1857 the International Marine Conference adopted an International Code of Signals as a standard communications system for all vessels that could be understood in many different languages. The Normanby Advertiser reported on June 5th 1857 a query from the Post Master General as to whether the request of the Chief Harbour Master would be carried out, in that Warrnambool would receive a new flagstaff and a set of Marryatt’s signal flags. The Table of Codes was published, showing how to use combinations of these flags to send messages. The Code was revised in 1887 to cover situations where distance, light, wind and weather conditions affected the visibility of the flags and prevented clear communication. The first report of the International Code of Signals Committee of 1897 warned signalmen not to rely on ordinary semaphore flags and introduced a Distant Signal Code using either particular semaphore flags or the three-dimensional shapes of a ball, cone and drum that aligned with the semaphore flag shapes of a circle, pennant and square. International Code of Signals In 1931, after World War I’s experiences in using signal codes, the International Code of Signals conference in Washington revised and published the rules for the conduct of signalling. One of the changes was that “the use of the Distant Signals and of fixed semaphore was abandoned”. It is of interest to know that modern marine law in many countries insists that a set of Day Shapes must be carried onboard vessels of a certain size. These highly visible geometric shapes are used at sea in daylight to communicate messages between vessels. They are used in a similar way to the Distant Signals, in that different combinations of shapes represent different messages. The set of shapes includes a ball, cylinder, cone and diamond. The shapes are hung between the top of the vessel’s foremast and the front of the vessel. They are only coloured black and are about 1.5 metres high. The vertical line of shapes can mean messages such as Boat not under command, Fishing, and Under sail and power.Distant Signals were an important means of marine communication from the late 1880s to the early 1930s, including during World War I. They were an advancement to the International Shipping Codes and safety. The cane signals’ shapes appear to be the same from whatever direction they are viewed, removing confusion about the message they convey. The same shapes continue to be used today for the sets of Day Shapes used as marine navigational signals that are mandatory on certain-sized vessels.Distant Signal Ball, part of a Flagstaff signal set. A round woven cane ball, painted black, with a metal rod passing through the centre. The rod has a loop at each end, then a concave, octagonal metal plate that rests on the outside surface of the ball, serving as a washer. The rod has swivels at each end.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, shipwreck coast, marine navigation, marine communications, communication signal, lifesaving, ship at sea, day shape, masthead signal, day signal, day mark signals, marine technology, safety equipment, navigation equipment, marine day shape, day marker, cane day shape, signal ball, day signal ball, ball signal, ball day shape, distant signal, flagstaff signal, signal station, communications, signals, marine signals, flaghoists, international marine conference, international code of signals, signal codes, marine safety, signal flags, daymark, day symbol, navigation, warrnambool flagstaff, 1854, 1857 1931, 1887, 1897

These photographs provide a visual record of assorted buildings, street views, and notable locations throughout St. Albans in 2021.This photograph collection documents St. Albans in 2021.5556.01 - Association of Ukrainians 16 Alexina St St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.02 - Association of Ukrainians 16 Alexina St St. Albans 2021 Photo 02.JPG 5556.03 - Chùa Hoàng Pháp Temple 16 Arthur St St. Albans 2021 Photo 02.JPG 5556.04 - Conrad St 35 - 53 - Shops 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.05 - Conrad St 35 - 53 - Shops 2021 Photo 02.JPG 5556.06 - Croatian Seventh-Day Adventist Church West Esplanade St Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.07 - Croatian Seventh-day Adventist Church West Esplanade St.Albans 2021.JPG 5556.08 - Douglas Ave 7 - 9 St. Albans - Former Shops 2021.JPG 5556.09 - East Esplanade 2 - 8 St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.10 - Errington Reserve Adventure Playground 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.11 - Errington Reserve Community Sporting Rooms 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.12 - Errington Reserve Community Sports Pavilion 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.13 - Errington Reserve Memorial Gates 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.14 - Errington Reserve Memorial Gates 2021 Photo 03.JPG 5556.15 - Errington Reserve Memorial Gates 2021 Photo 04.JPG 5556.16 - Errington Reserve Memorial Gates 2021 Photo 05.JPG 5556.17 - Errington Reserve Path 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.18 - Errington Reserve Scout Club 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.19 - Errington Reserve Tennis Club 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.20 - Errington Reserve Tennis Club 2021 Photo 02.JPG 5556.21 - Errington Reserve Tennis Club 2021 Photo 03.JPG 5556.22 - Errington Reserve Tennis Club 2021 Photo 04.JPG 5556.23 - Furlong Rd St. Albans - Sunshine Hospital 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.24 - Furlong Rd St. Albans - Sunshine Hospital 2021 Photo 02.JPG 5556.25 - Grantham Green Hall St. Albans 2021 Photo 02.JPG 5556.26 - Greek Orthodox Community of St Albans 27 Arthur St St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.27 - Grow Church 95 Alfrieda St St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.28 - Jensens Funerals 2 Arthur St St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.29 - Jensens Funerals 2 Arthur St St. Albans 2021 Photo 02.JPG 5556.30 - John Street St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.31 - John Street St. Albans 2021 Photo 01John Street St. Albans 2021 Photo 02.JPG 5556.32 - John Street St. Albans 2021 Photo 03.JPG 5556.33 - Spare 5556.34 - Main Rd East 112 - Shop 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.35 - Main Rd East 172 - Service Station 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.36 - Main Rd East 202 - 206 - Shops 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.37 - Main Rd East 216 - 218 - Shops 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.38 - Main Rd East 330 St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.39 - Main Rd West 45 St. Albans - Old Post Office Site 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.40 - Main Rd West 171 - 179b - Shops 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.41 - McKechnie Reserve St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.42 - Padley's House Winifred St 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.43 - Padley's House Winifred St 2021 Photo 02.JPG 5556.44 - Padley's House Winifred St 2021 Photo 06.JPG 5556.45 - Saint Paraskevi, Saint Barbara and Saint John the Merciful Greek Orthodox Church St. Albans Photo 01.JPG 5556.46 - Serbian Orthodox Church of St George Kate St St. Albans 2021.JPG 5556.47 - St Albans Community Youth Club Main Rd East 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.48 - St Albans Community Youth Club Main Rd East 2021 Photo 02.JPG 5556.49 - St. Alban the Martyr Church of England East Esplanade St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.50 - St. Alban the Martyr Church of England East Esplanade St. Albans 2021 Photo 03.JPG 5556.51 - St. Albans Bingo Centre Mckechnie Street St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.52 - St. Albans Community Centre - The Bowery Theatre 22 Princess St St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.53 - St. Albans Community Centre - The Bowery Theatre 22 Princess St St. Albans 2021 Photo 02.JPG 5556.54 - St. Albans Community Hall And Bowery Theatre 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.55 - St. Albans Hall East Esplanade St. Albans 2020 Photo 01.JPG 5556.56 - St. Albans Hotel McKechnie St St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.57 - St. Albans Rail Reserve West Esplanade Grassland Reserve 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.58 - St. Albans Sacred Heart Catholic Church 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.59 - St. Albans Saint Soccer Club Churchill Reserve St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.60 - St. Albans Senior Citizen Club 171 William St St. Albans 2021 Photo 02.JPG 5556.61 - St. Albans Senior Citizen Club 171 William St St. Albans 2021 Photo 04.JPG 5556.62 - St. Albans Square 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.63 - St. Albans Vietnamese Alliance Church West Esplanade St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.64 - Stony Creek Head Waters Laurel Street Reserve St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.65 - Theodore St 57 - 63 St. Albans 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.66 - Washington St 16 St. Albans - Half House 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.67 - Washington St 27 St. Albans - Half House 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.68 - West Esplanade Reserve 2021.JPG 5556.69 - William St 66 St. Albans - Shops 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.70 - William St 90 - 92 St. Albans - Shops 2021 Photo 01.JPG 5556.71 - Winifred St 12 St. Albans - Former Shop 2021 Photo 01.JPG arthur padley, alexina street, arthur street, conrad street, west esplanade, douglas avenue, east esplanade, furlong road, alfrieda street, john street, main road east, main road west, association of ukrainians, chùa hoàng pháp temple, croatian seventh-day adventist church, errington reserve, st. albans tennis club, sunshine hospital, grantham green hall, greek orthodox community of st albans, grow church, jensens funerals, kealba hotel, mckechnie reserve, saint paraskevi, saint barbara and saint john the merciful greek orthodox church, serbian orthodox church of st george, kate street, st albans community youth club, st. alban the martyr church of england, st. albans bingo centre, mckechnie street, st. albans community centre, the bowery theatre, st. albans hall, st. albans hotel, st. albans sacred heart catholic church, st. albans saint soccer club, churchill street, st. albans senior citizen club, william street, st. albans square 2021, st. albans vietnamese alliance church, stony creek head waters, laurel street, therodore street, washington street, half houses, winifred street