X-Rays were first discovered on 8 November 1895. By 18 July 1896 staff members of the Ballarat School of Mines (SMB), were experimenting with the exciting new discovery. The history of x-rays began on 8 November 1895 at the University of Wurzburg in Bavaria. The discovery was officially announced on 25 December 1895. The first radiographs in Ballarat were taken at the School of Mines in July 1896 according to the Ballarat School of Mines (SMB) Annual Report. Frederick J. Martell, the Registrar of SMB arranged for the importation of tubes, while John M. Sutherland, an electrician, conducted most of the experiments giving 6 inch, 12 inch and 16 inch sparks respectively. In a short time brilliantly successful results were obtained, with some SMB Roentgen negatives taken at this time still in existence today. Samuel Ernest Figgis, H. R. W. Murphy, D. McDougall, and Frederick J. Martell carried out experiments at the SMB on Saturday evening 18 July 1896, producing 'perfect' negatives of a hand and wrist. A Roentgen Tube and an induction coil giving a two inch spark, the coil being sparked by the SMB's dynamo, were used to obtain these results. The Courier reported that 'the exposure of five minutes was ample' but concluded that 'the length of the exposure will be shortened as experiments proceed.' The Ballarat Courier reported on 20 July 1896 that: "Thanks to the energy of the staff of The School of Mines, Ballarat, and particularly to Messers F.J. Martell and D. McDougall, the assistance of Rontgen X-rays will soon be available, for the relief of suffering humanity, at this institution." Martell was an ardent amateur photographer, and Duncan McDougall's experience as an electrician has enabled the two gentlemen to carry their experiments on to a perfectly successful issue. At first these gentlemen, together with Professor Purdie and Mr W. Huey Steele, conducted a series of experiments by the aid of a Bonetti glass-plate induction machine which had been constructed by Mr McDougall. The results were very good, the various bones of the hand being distinctly visible. The following people were among those who witnessed the first X-ray experiments to be carried out in Ballarat. Andrew Anderson, President of the School of Mines, a large number of ladies and gentlemen, the medical profession Dr Edward Champion (1867-1929) Dr Gerald Eugene Cussen (1888-1943) Dr William Edward Davies (1868-1928) Dr Charles William Henry hardy (1861-1941) Dr Edward Kenneth Herring(1864-1922) Dr Joseph Lalor (1859-1907) Dr James Thomas Mitchell (1856-1945) Dr Edward Graham Ochiltree (1857-1896) Dr Robert Denham Pinnock (1849-1902) Dr Joseph Francis Usher (c1832-1909) Dr Grace Vale (nk-1933). The staff of SMB Professor Alfred Mica Smith Professor D. J. Dawbarn Mr. F. J. Martell. (http://guerin.ballarat.edu.au/aasp/is/library/collections/art_history/honour-roll/honourroll_X-Ray_pioneers.shtml)Two men, one seated, one standing standing in a room with early electrical equipment. They are conducting pioneer X-rays at the Ballarat School of Mines in 1896. Seated on the left is John Waters Sutherland.A bromide of this images states "Experimenting with X-rays, 1896"ballarat school of mines, x-ray, xray, john sutherland, sutherland, electricity, photography, foto, roentgen tube, medical

According to 'Salute to the X-Ray Pioneers of Australia' the X-Rays experiments conducted at the Ballarat School of Mines 'played a conspicuous part in the development of the application for x-rays to medicine.' John M. Sutherland conducted most of the experiments with induction coils giving 6 inch, 12 inch and 16 inch sparks respectively. Photograph of a timber frame with 27 original X-Rays conducted by John Sutherland at the Ballarat School of Mines. X-Rays include human bones, kangaroo hand, steel, bent knee, gold in quartz, snake, and others.x-ray, john m. sutherland, ballarat school of mines, john mckenzie sutherland, xray, pioneer xrays

Four months after the discovery of the Roentgen tube the Ballarat School of Mines were conducting pioneer X-ray demonstrations in Ballarat. This photograph is thought to be taken at that time, and is framed along with some of the x-rays taken at that time. Digital copy of two men sit in front of x-ray equipment at the Ballarat School of Mines. The man in the foreground is John McKenzie Sutherland. The copy is from the original framed 1896 X-Rays (Cat. No. 1243)ballarat school of mines, x-ray, xray, scientific instruments, john sutherland, sutherland, photography, foto, roentgen tube, john m. sutherland, john sutherland

X-ray experiments were conducted at the Ballarat School of Mines in July 1896, with a public demonstration on 22 July 1896. J.M. Sutherland pioneered works on X-rays in Australia by conducting displays in Ballarat in 1896.Photograph of an X-ray of a four year old boy's diseased second finger, mounted on card."Boy 4 yrs old diseased 2nd finger"ballarat school of mines, j.m.sutherland, pioneer x-ray, xray, x-ray, roentgen tube

Firefly Mk IV and V. Sea Fury Mk X

Biographical notes of Group X nurses, who commenced training at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne in 1962, information gathered for 50-year reunion held in 2012Of significance to the AHNL as it contains information about Alfred Hospital trained nursesIllustrated booklet, white paper with black print, plastic comb binding and clear plastic protective cover. First page visible includes index and information about 50-year reunion of Alfred Hospital Group X Previous catalogue number written at top right of first pagealfred hospital, nurses

This photograph was taken at the 50th anniversary reunion of Group X on March 16, 2002. Theses women commenced their nursing training at the Alfred hospital in 1952Of signifcance to the AHNL as theses women were nurses at the Alfred HospitalSheet of white paper on which is printed a colour photograph of 12 women, 8 are standing with 3 sitting and 1 squatting in front of them. Names are listed underneath. On the second page is a list of 18 names and contact details of 18 members of Group X including the 12 in the photograph Previous catalogue number at top right of page [handwritten in black ink]alfred hospital, ahnl, alfred hospital school of nursing, nurses reunions, alfred hospital group x 1952, ann wall (wadsworth), margaet robinson (lindsay), joan thome (bell), rita burkitt, shirley mcdavid (hewitt), madge tuxworth (trimnell), margaret mcleod (sutton), di imberger (beilby), jan dunbar, lorna marx (ford), marjorie hosking (watson), joy salvage (tatman)

Four metal Badges with red, white & blue enamel work. Etched figures of servicemen in bronze in the centre. Badges are numbered on rear so recipient can be traced.Returned Sailors, Soldiers Imperial League Australia On rear. “71019, 72569, 51703, 213852”badges, rsl, membership

Colour photograph in a black and gold frame with beige mat. The photo depicts landing craft Clive Steele delivering a tank and troopsA V1356clive steele (a v1356), transport/deliveries

'Blitz-worn angel' is a poem written by Private "X" who was a patient at 2/5 Australian General Hospital (A.G.H.).It was first printed in "Guinea Gold", a daily newspaper published for Allied troops in the South Pacific during WWII, the newspaper was made in Port Moresby, New Guinea between 1942-1946. The poem was dedicated to 'the Nursing Sisters of 2/5 A.G.H., veterans of Palestine, Greece, Crete, and New Guinea'.Poem typed in black ink on an A4 page with some small annotations in blue biro ink. There are crease marks where the page has been folded in four and a small tear on the centre right side edge.'H89' [Handwritten in blue ink towards the top right corner of the front side and at the top of the reverse side] [Four small handwritten ink marks correcting errors in the type and three words whited out and retyped over] 'from Helen / McCallum / for P.Wilson' [Handwritten in black ink on the back of the paper]world war 1939-1945, ww2, wwii, australian nurses, war poetry, 2/5 australian general hospital, guinea gold newspaper

This is a milk bottle from the local dairy in Kiewa. It is an old style bottle in imperial measure(ended 1974). This has good historical value, as milk is no longer made in bottles and we do not use imperial measurements anymore. This item is significance for historic reasons, shows local dairy items used. There are not many bottles from this local dairy from this period, and is it is in good condition. . Social significance, shows what items local families used. Research significance. These bottles are not in use anymore as we do not have imperial measurement, so good for research that explains this topic. Therefore has good interpretive capacity.Glass milk bottle. One imperial pint.Glass molded inscription of ONE IMPERIAL PINT. In red text on front Kiewa, (in script) / PASTUERISED / FULL CREAM MILK/ USE KIEWA BUTTER/ CREAM / AND ICE CREAM MIX . In red text on back THIS BOTTLE ALWAYS REMAINS/THE PROPERTY OF/NORTH EASTERN/DAIRY CO. LTD. On bottom of bottle, molded AGM 2 x M F1959 in the middle of botton 5 / 48 bottle, milk, drink, container, dairy, farm, kiewa, cow

Type of ticket issued at safety zones in the city by ticket sellers. See item 7850 for a machine and 7889 for instructions.Demonstrates an Ultimate ticket machine ticket.Set of Ultimate type tickets - 2 x 15c in strip on pink paper and 1 x 15c.trams, tramways, tickets, mmtb, ultimate, machine issued tickets

Unknown1 X steel hand chisel with wooden handle 1 X steel hand gimlet with wooden handleChisel - nil gimlet - WFS, ? Keep & Sonhand tools, carpentry, wood work

Anodised button x 10Airforce badge

3 x Abstract Paintings

Pioneer xrays were conducted at the Ballarat School of Mines in 1896.Two X-ray tubes used in pioneering x-rays at the Ballarat School of Mines in 1896. They have been boxed for safety. x-ray, xray, xray tube, john m. sutherland, ballarat school of mines, xray demonstration, pioneer xrays

Islands off Victorian coastFrench Island mapFrench Island map photographs x 2Reverse " Nil "french island

5 x Portraits of Councillors, Colour Photographs

Relates to the history of the development of the X-RayBrown/gold cover with cream tape on spine, figures and tables, 64 pagesWK Andersonmetallurgy, medicine, e. j. tunnicliffe, x-rays, radiography, xray