A book titled 'The Life of William Wallace the Hero of Scotland. A warrior and a patriot, who in a period of lawlessness and wrong manfully maintained the principles of justice, and stood forward in defence of the rights and liberties of his native land.' London : Ward, Lock & Co., Salisbury Square, E.C. 497 - 512 pgs. This booklet is one of a series of 53 ' Ward & Lock's Penny Books for the People.' 'Biographical Series.' Price one penny. There are also advertisements of note.books, biography, william wallace, lydia chancellor, collection, the life of william wallace, william wallace, male, individual, person, famous people, ward & lock's penny biographies, ward & lock's penny books for the people, penny books, biographical series, biographies, scotland, scottish history, advertisements

A book titled 'The Life of Her Majesty The Queen.' London : Ward, Lock & Co., Salisbury Square, E.C. 769 - 784 pgs. This booklet is one of a series of 53 ' Ward & Lock's Penny Books for the People.' 'Biographical Series.' Price one penny. There are also advertisements of note.books, biography, queen victoria, lydia chancellor, collection, the queen, queen victoria, the life of queen victoria, female, person, individual, british royalty, royal family, british history, england, famous people, penny books, english history, ward & lock's penny historical series, ward & lock's penny books for the people, advertisements, biographical series

A book titled 'The Life of Socrates. The Great Grecian Philosopher. London : Ward, Lock & Co., Salisbury Square, E.C. 657-672 pgs. This booklet is one of a series of 53 ' Ward & Lock's Penny Books for the People.' 'Biographical Series.' Price one penny. There are also advertisements of note.books, biography, socrates, lydia chancellor, collection, socrates, the life of socrates, person, male, individual, philosophy, philosopher, famous people, greeks, ward & lock's penny biographies, biographies, ward & lock's penny books for the people, penny books, advertisements, biograpahical series

Plastic bag with yellow folder titled 'Lonely Last Resting Places of Old Australian Pioneers.' 1937-1968. Another one titled: 'Joss House Bendigo.' 1950-1973. And an assortment of newspaper articles relating to early Australia'YESTER-YEAR'australia, history, general item of interest, lydia chancellor, collection, australia, bendigo, history, famous people, male, female, person, goldfields, chinese, joss house, walhalla, melbourne, pioneers, australian pioneers, buildings, houses, homes, australian history

A shoebox covered with decorative paper and containing cuttings about women from various newspapers including 'The Argus,' 'The Age' and 'The Bendigo Advertiser.' Two series included are 'My favourite recipe' from the Argus and 'Sidelights on Society' from 1937 - 1968.WOMENperson, individual, female, lydia chancellor, collection, women, individual, person, female, craft, cooking, recipes, society, famous people

A box covered in Christmas paper containing items related to the Cohn family. (i) A yellow folder titled 'Press cuttings and articles of Ola Cohn.' Items of interest include articles relating to Ola Cohn, her work and her home and the Cohn family and their drink company Cohns Pty. Ltd. Sources are 'The Age,' 'The Sun,' 'The Australian Home Beautiful,' 'The Herald' and 'The Bendigo Advertiser.' Dated between 1932 and 1968. (ii) A book written by Ola Cohn titled ''Mostly Cats,'' written in 1964.Ola Cohnperson, family, ola cohn, lydia chancellor, collection, cohn family, cohn bros. pty. ltd., manufacturing, ola cohn, women, pottery, ceramics, art, art work, book, literature, female, person, sculpture, famous people, fairy tree, mostly cats, animals, pets, cats

A damaged hard covered book titled 'With Scott : the Silver Lining.' by Griffith Taylor.'With nearly 200 illulstrations and maps.' An illustration of a penguin and chick is on the front cover. London. Smith, Elder & Co. publishers, 15 Waterloo Place. 1916. 448 p. (ill., maps,)Griffith Taylorbooks, biography, captain scott, books, exploration, adventure, antarctica, people, person, famous people, captain robert falcon scott

A damaged hard covered book titled 'The Works of Flavius Josephus, the learned and authentic Jewish historian and celebrated warrior.' Edinburgh: Published by Thomas Nelson. MDCCCXL. 856p. (ill.)William Whiston Translatorbooks, biography, flavius josephus, books, history, reference, people, person, jews, famous people, biography, flavius josephus

A book titled ' The Life of Shakespeare Personal and Literary. Greatest Glory of English Literature and Pre-eminent Poet of the World.' Published London: Ward, Lock & Co., Salisbury Square, E.C. 129 - 144 pgs. This booklet is one of a series of 53 ' Ward and Lock's Penny Books for the People.' Biographical Series.' Price one penny. There are also advertisements of note.books, biography, william shakespeare, lydia chancellor, collection, shakespeare, willliam shakespeare, ward & lock's penny books for the people, biographical series, penny books, literature, english literature, the life of shakespeare, biographies, novel, drama, famous people, person, male, advertisements, ward, lock & co. biographical sketches, ward, lock & co. biographical series, book, books

A book titled ' The Life of Robert Bruce. Warrior and Patriot, Statesman and King.' Published London: Ward Lock & Co., Salisbury Square, E.C.673 - 688 pgs. This booklet is one of a series of 53 Ward & Lock's Penny Books for the People.' 'Biographical Series.' Price one penny.books, biography, robert bruce, lydia chancellor, collection, famous people, ward & lock's penny biographies, ward & lock's penny books for the people. biographical series, history, biographies, penny books, scotland, scottish history, person, male, individual, advertisements

A book titled 'The Life of Geoffrey Chaucer. The Father of English Poetry . A man of universal genius; coming as a genial day in an English Spring, his life a grand page of English history, his works full of cheerfulness, tenderness & truth, a true British worthy of five hundred years ago.' Published London: Ward, Lock & Co., Sallisbury Square, E.C.241 - 256 pgs.This booklet is one of 53 ' Ward & Lock's Penny Books for the People.' 'Biographical Series.' Price one penny. There are also advertisements of note.books, biography, geoffrey chaucer, lydia chancellor, collection, ward & lock's penny books for the people, biographies, biographical series, english literature, literature, english poetry, poetry, advertisements, famous people, person, male individual, penny books

A book titled 'The Life of John Bright. The Great Tribune of the English People.' Published London: Ward, Lock & Co., Salisbury Square, E.C. 737 - 752 pgs. This booklet is one of a series of 53 Ward & Lock's Penny Books for the People.' 'Biographical Series.' Price one penny.' There are also advertisements of note.books, biography, john bright, lydia chancellor, collection, famous people, ward & lock's penny books for the people, ward & lock's penny historical series, history, books, male, person, advertisements, the life of john bright, biographies, penny books, biographical series

A book titled ' The Life of Edmund Burke. Orator and Philosopher. The most brilliant orator and most attractive philosophical essayist of his time; Impeacher of Warren Hastings and denouncer of the French Revolution.' Published London: Ward, Lock & Co., Salisbury Square, E.C. 33 - 48 pgs. This booklet is one of a series of 53 ' Ward & Lock's Penny Books for the People.' ' Biographical Series.' Price one penny. There are also advertisements of note.books, biography, edmund burke, lydia chancellor, collection, famous people, edmund burke, the life of edmund burke, biographies, ward & lock's penny historical series, history, philosophy, the french revolution, ward & lock's penny books for the people, male, person, penny books, biographical series, advertisements

A book titled ' The Life of Robert Burns. The Poet of the People'. 'The Representative of the genius of his country: who held the dignity of manhood superior to the privileges of rank.' Published London: Ward, Lock & Co., Salisbury Square, E.C. 353 - 368 pgs. This booklet is one of a series of 53 ' Ward & Lock Penny Books for the People.' 'Biographical Series.' Price one penny. ' There are also advertisements of note.books, biography, robert burns, lydia chancellor, collection, famous people, english literature, literature, poetry, ward & lock's penny books for the people, biographical series, biographies, person, male, individual, the life of robert burns, penny books, advertisements

A book titled ' The Life of Christopher Columbus. Discoverer of the New World.' 'The Voyager, Astronomer, Geographer, whose genius widened the limits of the World to his own time and to subsequent ages.' Published London: Ward, Lock & Co., Salisbury Square, E.C. 369 - 383 pgs. This booklet is one of a series of 53 ' Ward & Lock's Penny Books for the People.' ' Biographical Series.' Price one penny. There are also advertisements of note.books, biography, christopher columbus, lydia chancellor, collection, history, explorers, famous people, astronomy, geography, exploration, christopher columbus, biographical series, biographies, ward & lock's penny books for the people, male, person individual, penny books, advertisements

A book titled ' The Life of Homer. The Poet of the Heroic World.' Published London: Ward, Lock & Co., Salisbury Square, E.C. 753 - 768 pgs. This booklet is one of a series of 53 ' Ward & Lock's Penny Books for the People.' ' Biographical Series.' Price one penny. There are also advertisements of note.books, biography, homer, lydia chancellor, collection, the life of homer, shakespeare, william shakespeare, ward & lock's penny books for the people, ward & lock's penny historical series, penny books, biographical series, poetry, literature, the illiad, the odyssey, greek legends, greece - history, famous people, male, advertisements, ward, lock & co. biographical sketches, ward, lock & co. biographical series

Item 20. Cards (12) Hermann Junkers - Bilder aus Goethes Leben. Red folder with gold printing and decoration. Name printed on the front cover in gold. Contains 12 cards, black on the back. The front is also black with gold edge and printing. Each card has a photo. They are: 1. Der Mahrchen-Sessel, 2. Der Konigslieutenant, 3. Erste Liebe und erste Dichtungen, 4. Sesenheim, 5. Heidelberg, 6. Geniales Treben in Weimar, 7. Malsesine, 8. Gefahrvolle Fahrt, 9. Der Dichter und der Konig, 10. Die Dioskuren, 11. Zwei Welteroberer, 12. Des Dichters Jubeltag. There is also a small booklet of explanation (in German) with a blue spine. Included is a small piece of paper with handwriting: Hermann Junkers Bilder aus Goethes Leben - 12 photos & Booklet of explanation.Hermann Junkers Bilder Aus Goethes Lebenbooks, collections, german famous people, german heritage society collection - hermann junkers bilder aus goethes leben, der mahrchen-sessel, der konigslieutenant, erste liebe und erste dichtungen, sesenheim, heidelberg, geniales treben in weimar, malsesine, gefahrvolle fahrt, der dichter und der konig, die dioskuren, zwei welteroberer, des dichters jubeltag

This album contains cigarette cards dating from the early 20th Century. The cards include Australian and English cricketers, Australian footballers, animals, racehorses, ships, Pacific Islanders, jockeys, actors and other famous people. The cards come from a variety of Australian and English cigarette companies. The album comes from the Edwards family who lived on the MORVEN property situated about 11 kilometres west of Branxholme in the Western District of Victoria. This property was sub divided in 1911 into 25 farms. There was once a Morven School and today there is a road of that name in the area.. This album is of considerable significance as it has historical value as an early collection of cigarette cards. Collecting of cigarette cards was a major social activity amongst young people, particularly in the first half of the 20th Century. It was a profitable advertising ploy for cigarette companies. Card and small object collecting by children today is still popular and used as an advertising mechanism. This album has a worn cover in faded green and fawn colours with a blue spine almost wholly detached. The back cover is stained. The cover has text. There are eighteen double sided pages with cut spaces for holding seven cigarette cards on each. Most of the pages contain black and white, sepia or coloured cigarette cards. There is an inscription on the first page.To Bennie from Auntie Lou. Xmas 1908cigarette cards, morven, edwards family morven, album

Constitution Hill, Johannesburg was formally the site of a fort which was later used as a prison. The Old Fort Prison complex was built to house white male prisoners in 1892. The Old Fort was built around this prison by Paul Kruger from 1896 to 1899 to protect the South African Republic from the threat of British invasion. During the Anglo-Boer War, however, the British seized Johannesburg and converted the Old Fort Prison buildings for the incarceration of Boers, some of whom were executed there. Even prominent Boer leaders of the Anglo-Boer War were imprisoned here by the British soon after the British had succeeded in seizing and controlling Johannesburg. In later times many famous people were imprisoned here, e.g. Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. It became known as "The Robben Island of Johannesburg". It closed in 1983.Individual image from photographed poster of tobacco and cigarette cards.constitution hill johannesburg, fort, prison, old fort prison, paul kruger, south african republic, boers, anglo-boer war, johannesburg, mahatma gandi, nelson mandela, robben island of johannesburg

Buninyong owes its existence to the Learmonth brothers and surrounding stations. Timber for fencing and building was followed by a number of industries including the discovery of the famous Ballarat goldfields. Buninyong people have fostered and maintained a range of social, sporting and philanthropic activites.An illustrated history of Buninyong. M.W. Thorpe. Mary Akers. Buninyong (Vic); Buninyong & District Historical Society; 1982. 64 p.; illus, maps. Soft cover. ISBN 0 959 3044 0 1buninyong; m.w. thorpe; mary akers; history; mount buninyong; gold; settlers;

Transcription of the speeches given at a dinner at the Oakleigh Waverley Branch to honour Legatee Frank Doolan, who was a close friend of Stan Savige and a founding member of Melbourne Legacy. It was Doolan who suggested in 1925 that the object of Legacy be changed from the original intention to find work for returned servicemen to looking after the widows and children of those who had died. Although he refused nominations to be President throughout the ensuing years, he served on many committees, working tirelessly in the background. He was also a part of the campaign to build the Melbourne Shrine of Remembrance. He recounts the confrontation between Legatee Kemsley and Allan Spowers, the Editor of the Argus. His address at the dinner was self deprecating in tone and contained many interesting anecdotes about famous people he had worked with, including Stan Savige. He tells the story of how the Savige Toby Jug (00198) was created by Herb Greenway for an event to welcome Savige back from WW2, and how as a member of the Anzac Observance Committee he helped to distribute a couple of hundred Lone Pine seedlings around Australia. He also recounts the pride he felt in being asked to plant the Olive Tree of Peace at the Shrine of Remembrance in 1973 as part of the Legacy 50th anniversary celebrations. The olive tree was moved in 2002 into the new courtyard. He talks about being asked to propose the toast of Legacy at the 1965 Perth Conference and recounted part of what he said. He used the analogy of the cause of Legacy being like a cloak with threads of gold and silver, interwoven with the efforts of Legatees. The personal anecdotes reveal the human side of Legacy history, and attest to the social customs of the day.White foolscap paper x 13 pages with black type of a report on a dinner at Legacy House for L/ Doolan.Title page: 'Archive copy' handwritten in blue biro. Some pencilled annotations throughout.legatee event, tree planting, speech, frank doolan

The development of stereoscopic photography views or stereographs was immensely popular in the United States and Europe from about the mid-1850s through the early years of the 20th century. First described in 1832 by English physicist Sir Charles Wheatstone, stereoscopy was improved by Sir David Brewster in 1849. The production of the stereograph entailed making two images of the same subject, usually with a camera with two lenses placed 6 cm apart to simulate the position of the human eyes, and then mounting the positive prints side by side laterally on a stiff backing. Brewster devised a stereoscope through which the finished stereograph could be viewed; the stereoscope had two eyepieces through which the laterally mounted images, placed in a holder in front of the lenses, were viewed. The two images were brought together by the effort of the human brain to create an illusion of three-dimensionality. Stereographs were made of a wide range of subjects, the most popular being views of landscapes and monuments and composing narrative scenes of a humorous or slightly suggestive nature. Stereoscopes were manufactured for various price ranges and tastes, from the simple hand-held device introduced by Oliver Wendell Holmes who promoted stereography through articles to elaborate floor models containing large numbers of images that could be flipped into place. The stereograph became especially popular after Queen Victoria expressed interest in it when it was exhibited at the 1851 Crystal Palace Exposition. Like television today, stereography during the second half of the 19th century was both an educational and a recreational device with a considerable impact on public knowledge and taste. The Fine-art Photographers' Publishing Co. published many stereoscopic pictures from many different photographers from around the world under license. They also not only sold these images of various scenes and of famous people of the time but also were retail sellers of the viewers with the subject item having been made in the USA probably by H C White who held the patent for the subject items design from 1895 to 1902.An item that was very popular from the mid 19th century through to the beginning of the Edwardian period. Used for entertainment and also educational purposes and significant as it gives us a snapshot into the Victorian era and its social and domestic societal norms. Stereoscope viewer with adjustable view-finder that has a padded nose rest. The slide holder can move along the channel to suit the viewer. Made in London by the Fine-art Photographers' Publishing Co. Printed on metal plate "THE FINE-ART PHOTOGRAPHERS' PUBLISHING CO. 48 Rydevale Rd, LONDON, S.W." Embossed on viewing cup "U.S.A. PATENT OCT.15.1895" "CANADA / FRANCE / GERMANY / D'R''G'M' NO. 53803" "JUNE 3.1902 / FEBY 1.1896 / B.S.G.D.B. / GREAT BRITAIN / AUSTRIA / BELGIUM"warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, stereoscope, stereographs, stereoscope viewers, home entertainment

Six year old Judith Furphy was the first person known to have been buried at Kangaroo Ground Cemetery in May 1851. The cemetery is situated on an ancient river bed with exposed Nillumbik sands. The rest of the district is formed from black volcanic soil which was hard to dig. According to local historian Mick Woiwod (deceased) the site may have been a burial ground for the local Wurundjeri people as the exposed softer sands were always their prefered camping sites. The Hon. Ewen Hugh Cameron who lived at Pigeon Bank and was the Member for Evelyn for 40 years (1874-1914) was buried here in 1915. Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p39 The Wurundjeri people might have buried their dead on the site of the Kangaroo Ground Cemetery, according to local historian Mick Woiwod. Kangaroo Ground was a premier hunting ground, but camping on the black volcanic soil would have been uncomfortable. Unlike most of Kangaroo Ground, its cemetery, on an ancient river bed, comprises a rare exposure of Nillumbik sands – always the preferred campsite for Aboriginal people. The cemetery area is the only place where the soil was soft enough to dig a grave easily.1 Six-year-old Judith Furphy was the first person known to have been laid to rest at the Kangaroo Ground Cemetery. She died on May 17, 1851, from a chill caught by resting on wet grass. Local Andrew Ross wrote ‘..no public burying place existed nearer than Melbourne. The case being considered urgent, a general meeting of the settlers took place on the evening of the 17th……. The result was the selection of unoccupied crown land …….which was subsequently granted by Government for a public cemetery.’2 Judith was buried the next day on May 18. Her grave was marked by the trustees with a plaque, which unfortunately states nine years old, when she was probably only six. Judith came from an illustrious family. Her brother, Joseph, was the author of Such is Life and other works. Another brother, John, developed and manufactured the famous Furphy water cart, which distributed water to World War One soldiers along with the latest rumours. Hence the name Furphy entered the Australian idiom, as synonymous with ‘rumour’. Judith’s father Samuel helped build the first Kangaroo Ground church school. Inside, near the entrance of the cemetery, on Yarra Glen Road, stand a rotunda and a water tank. Occasional benches invite mourners to pause and remember. The gate with wrought iron and brick supports, bears the inscription ‘Erected by Sir Ewen and Lady Cameron in memory of their daughter, Flora Margaret’. These are only two of the famous people connected with this cemetery. The Hon. Ewen Hugh Cameron JP and MLA from 1874 to1914, who lived at Pigeon Bank, Warrandyte Road, was buried here in 1915. Unrelated, but with the same name, was Sir Ewen Cameron who had been Minister for Health and was laid to rest there in 1964. Sir Herbert Gepp, a leading industrialist and the former owner of Garden Hill, at Yarra Glen Road, was buried there in 1954.3 Many of the more imposing tombstones belong to the earlier graves. Unfortunately bushfires have cracked several. But this adds to the melancholy attractiveness of the cemetery, graced by some beautiful eucalypts, cypress and pines. Early pioneering families represented at the cemetery include Armstrong, Barr, Bell, Harkness, Jardine, Johnston, Rogerson, Stevenson, Thomson and Walters. Armstrong and Bell were among the first families to come to the district and Stevenson owned the district’s first sheep station. It took in much of present day Christmas Hills, which was the name he gave his sheep station. Harkness was the first to suggest a Kangaroo Ground school be built, and one of the first to suggest establishing the Eltham District Road Board. Many of these families leased pastoral land before the mid-century and bought land when it came on sale in 1849. In the cemetery’s early days sections were devoted to the major Christian denominations (mainly the Protestant) and one section was set aside for ‘other’ or ‘non-believers’. However in modern times burial plots have not been placed in areas according to religious beliefs.This collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, kangaroo ground, eltham-yarra glen road, agnes bell cameron, agnes cameron (nee bell), cameron family, edward aubrey haughton, eugene cameron, evelyn florence cameron, ewen hugh cameron, gravestones, jane armstrong, jane bell, jessie agnes haughton (nee cameron), jessie cameron, john donald cameron, kangaroo ground cemetery, neville cameron, simon armstrong, vera cameron, william bell armstrong, wurundjeri

This black and white photograph is estimated to have been taken c1900 inside the Burke Museum. Several objects part of the museum collection at the time can be seen, with a high number of Asian influence objects visible; potentially Chinese in origin, as several Chinese villages were located around Beechworth and across Spring Creek, from the mid 1800s. The Burke Museum is part of the Precinct of Beechworth, which was established upon the discovery of gold in 1852. Originally built as the Beechworth Athenaeum in 1857, the museum was later renamed to the Robert O'Hara Burke Memorial Museum, more commonly known as the Burke Museum, in honour of the famous explorer and former Beechworth Superintendent of Police, Robert O'Hara Burke, after his death in 1861 at Coopers Creek during the famed ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition.This photograph is contextually, historically and socially significant due to its connection to both the Burke Museum and Chinese culture in and around Beechworth during the mid-1800s through to 1900s. Around 4700 people of Chinese heritage lived at the Ovens goldfield by April of 1857, representing one-quarter of the entire population at the time. The object holds strong representativeness to the history of the Burke Museum and to the objects in its collection. Its interpretive capacity could be supported and enhanced with other photographs and objects in the collection. Collectively, these records and objects could provide an insight into the museum's collection and its relationship with the origins of the objects.Black and white rectangular photograph printed on paper. Unmounted; taped to paper. beechworth, spring creek, chinese, burke museum, immigration, chinese immigration, ovens goldfield, china, museum, robert o'hara burke, burke and wills expedition, burke and wills, goldfields

Malachite is typically found as crystalline aggregates or crusts, often banded in appearance, like agates. It is also often found as botryoidal clusters of radiating crystals, and as mammillary aggregates as well. Single crystals and clusters of distinguishable crystals are uncommon, but when found they are typically acicular to prismatic. It is also frequently found as a pseudomorph after Azurite crystals, which are generally more tabular in shape. This particular specimen was recovered from the Burra Burra Copper Mine in Burra, South Australia. Otherwise known as the 'Monster Mine', the Burra Burra Copper Mine was first established in 1848 upon the discovery of copper deposits in 1845. Within a few short years, people from around the world migrated to Burra to lay their claim in the copper economy. By April 1848 the mine was employing over 567 people and supporting a population of 1,500 in the local township. Up until 1860, the mine was the largest metals mine in Australia, producing approximately 50,000 tonnes of copper between 1845 to its closure in 1877. The Burra Burra Mine was also famous for a number of other specimens, including; crystalline azurite, cuprite, and botryoidal and malachite. Malachite is considered a rare gemstone in that the original deposits for the stones have been depleted leaving behind very few sources. In addition, the use of Malachite as gemstones and sculptural materials remains just as popular today as they were throughout history. It is quite common to cut the stone into beads for jewellery. The fact that Malachite has such a rich colour and one that does not fade with time or when exposed to light makes it particularly rare. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. A solid hand-sized copper carbonate hydroxide mineral with shades of blue and light green throughout. burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, burra, burra burra mine, south australia, malachite, malachite specimen

Malachite is a green copper carbonate hydroxide mineral and was one of the first ores used to make copper metal. Malachite has been utilised as a gemstone and sculptural material in the past as its distinctive green color does not fade when exposed to light or after long periods of time. Malachite is formed at shallow depths in the ground, in the oxidizing zone above copper deposits. The material has also been used as a pigment for painting throughout history. This particular specimen was recovered from the Burra Burra Copper Mine in Burra, South Australia. Otherwise known as the 'Monster Mine', the Burra Burra Copper Mine was first established in 1848 upon the discovery of copper deposits in 1845. Within a few short years, people from around the world migrated to Burra to lay their claim in the copper economy. By April 1848 the mine was employing over 567 people and supporting a population of 1,500 in the local township. Up until 1860, the mine was the largest metals mine in Australia, producing approximately 50,000 tonnes of copper between 1845 to its closure in 1877. The Burra Burra Mine was also famous for a number of other specimens, including; crystalline azurite, cuprite, and botryoidal and malachite.Malachite is considered a rare gemstone in that the original deposits for the stones have been depleted leaving behind very few sources. In addition, the use of Malachite as gemstones and sculptural materials remains just as popular today as they were throughout history. It is quite common to cut the stone into beads for jewellery. The fact that Malachite has such a rich colour and one that does not fade with time or when exposed to light makes it particularly rare. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. A solid hand-sized copper carbonate hydroxide mineral with shades of yellow, blue, and light green throughout.geological, geological specimen, burke museum, indigo shire, malachite, malachite specimen, burra burra mine, burra, south australia, australian mines, mines, monster mine

This specimen was recovered from Silverton Mine in Broken Hill, New South Wales. Otherwise known as the 'Day Dream Mine', the Silverton Mine was first established in 1883, when silver and lead deposits where discovered. Within a few short years, the population of Broken Hill reached 3000 people. As of today the Silverton Mine is still open, and has produced over 200 million tonnes of ore, which has generated over $100 billion. The Silverton Mine was also famous for a number of specimens such as silver, iron and zinc.Copper is considered to be a rare ore in that finding it in its pure form is rare. Nowadays when mining for Copper it is often found in mixed in with other minerals or it is recycled from use. Moreover, Copper is found in a range of everyday uses such as coins, cookware, pipes, heating conductors and anything that generate electricity. The fact that Copper is heat a heat conductor, electricity conductor and it does not corrode easily, makes this ore a versatile and useful. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid hand-sized cube-shaped sulfide and oxide with shades of green, grey and brown throughout. Copper is typically found as nuggets in the ground. It can be found in a range of forms such as its native state; mixed with other ores, such as zinc and iron; as porphyry copper deposits; and as major deposits. Porphyry deposits are when the mineral is scattered evenly throughout the rock. Major deposits are when the mineral is scattered amongst other minerals.burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth musum, geological, geological specimen, mineraology, copper, copper ore, copper ore speciment, broken hill, new south wales

James Dawson (1806-1900), pastoralist, friend to First Nations people, environmentalist, patron of the Arts and author of "Australian Aborigines" (1881). He married Joan Alexander Park in 1877. Joan was the niece of the famous African explorer, Mungo Park. James Dawson came from Bonnytoun, near Linlithgow, Scotland and arrived in Melbourne with his wife on 2 May 1840. They made their first home in the colony farming in Port Phillip, near Anderson's Creek on the Yarra River, where their daughter, Isabella was born in 1842, then from 1844, moved to 'Kangatong' station on the Moyne River, east of Macarthur. In 1866 the Dawsons left the Port Fairy district and lived in various residences in Melbourne. By 1868 the family had settled in Camperdown at 'Wuurong', on the banks of Lake Bullen Merri. Unlike most people at the time, the Dawson's shared a deep interest in, and respect for First Nations people. In 1876 James Dawson was appointed local Guardian of the Aborigines in the Camperdown district. He was a prolific letter writer and an early advocate for indigenous rights and was dedicated to exposing injustice and the maltreatment of First Nations people. He had befriended Wombeetch Puyuun (Camperdown George) who was the last of the local Djargurd Wurrung living on Country when he died in February 1883. In 1885 James Dawson erected the Wombeetch Puyuun Monument at Camperdown Cemetery in his memory. His friend's remains were reburied at the foot of the obelisk and the two dates, 1840-1883, mark the 43 years it took for European settlement to displace the Djargurd Wurrung from the Camperdown District.Studio portrait of James and Joan Dawson taken in Australia. cdhs, isabella dawson, camperdown cemetery, djargurdwurrung, cdhsfirstnations

The Lehmann toy company exported toys to the USA from 1895 to 1929 and specialized in mechanical, friction transportation and lithographed wind-up tinplate toys. Founded by Ernest Lehmann Co. in Brandenberg, Germany, 1881. In 1951 the fim re-established and is still making friction toys. Some of the most famous include: Autobus, the Dancing Sailor and Icarus. Lehmann distinguished itself early 20th-century by releasing small tin toys which were cheaper than the toys the competition made. End of the 19th century, beginning of th 20th, competitors were producing heavy, cast-iron toys. By the 1920s the Lehmann company had a staff over 800 people and made 80+ different toy designs.How it is significant? (...this item is one of last remaining examples of German toy manufacturing prior to World War One. ) How it is significance to local history? (....this item represents the importance of preserving local history and culture.) German, clockwork, red and white tinplate cart with green and white driver with green pointed hat, being pulled by zebra with red ears and cord tail. 1881/ Lehmann 'Zikra' Marke Pat./USA Appl. / For Jan 1907, Dec 1913 lehmann, toy, beechworth, burke museum, zebra, cart, germany