How Eaglehawk Mothers Coped during the Great Depression.Annette McHugh.eaglehawk, history, women during the depression.

Colour photograph of a depression in a cellar in a Ballarat brick house. ballarat, cellar, architecture

When the ground depresses down at the point of a volcanic vent after a volcano’s magma chamber has been emptied it is known as a caldera, and not a volcano crater. (https://www.universetoday.com/31143/volcano-crater/, accessed 04 March 2019) A caldera is a volcanic feature formed by the collapse of a volcano into itself, making it a large, special form of volcanic crater. A caldera collapse is usually triggered by the emptying of the magma chamber beneath the volcano, as the result of a large volcanic eruption.(https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/caldera.htm)A volcanic vent, or depression on one side of Mount Franklin. mount franklin, volcano, volcanic vent, lalgambook

The heavy cast iron, round lid was originally fastened into a large, riveted metal box, known as a ship tank. It has the name ‘John Bellamy London’ cast in capitals in a continuous circle on the outer edge of the lid face, and the words ‘Byng St Millwall’ on the inner circle. , of Millwall, London, manufactured boilers and ship tanks from the 1860s to the 1930s and came from a family of tank makers who began manufacturing tanks some time before 1856. Ship tanks were invented in 1808 by notable engineer, Richard Trevithick and his associate John Dickinson. Their patent obtained the same year described the tank’s superior cubic shape that allowed it to fit squarely as a container in vessels and thus use space efficiently, while its metal fabric preserved and secured its liquid or solid contents from damage. The containers revolutionised the movement of goods by ship and made wooden casks redundant. Research by Michael Pearson has determined that they were carried on passages to Australia from at least the 1830s conveying ships’ victuals and water storage, as well as general goods heading for the colonies. Pearson found photographic evidence of their use in the 1860s, and by the 1870s they appeared to be in common use. lids surviving from containers indicate that nearly all the tanks transported to Australia came from London manufacturers. It was usual for the brand name to also feature as a stencil on the tank but in most cases this eventually wore off. A tank without its original stencil survives at Wilsons Promontory. Tanks transporting ‘drinking water or perishable dry goods were hermetically sealed by the use of the tightly fitting lid with a rubber sealing ring ‘which was screwed tight with the aid of lugs cast into the lid and wedges cast into the rim of the loading hole’. The raised iron rod welded across the outer face of many lids such as the Bellamy example, allowed for screwing the lid tight. Once in the colonies, the ship tanks were often recycled and adapted for many resourceful uses such as packing cases, dog kennels, water tanks, oil containers and food stores and this invariably led to the separation of the lid and tank. The Bellamy lid could have been salvaged from a shipwreck but is more likely to have to have originated from a recycled tank that was brought to the lightstation for water storage purposes. Pearson writes that: Ship tanks show up at a wide range of sites, many of them isolated like lighthouses. They were, I think, usually taken there for the purposes they filled, usually water storage, as they were readily available, relatively light to transport, and probably very cheap to buy as second-hand goods containers. In rural areas they may have been scavenged for their new uses from local stores, to whom goods were delivered in them. Parks Victoria has identified five tank lids in the lightstation collections covered by this project. In addition to the Bellamy lid at Point Hicks, they include a Bow brand lid at Point Hicks and another at Cape Otway, unidentified lids at Cape Otway and Wilsons Promontory. Pearson and Miles Lewis have each recorded two versions of the Bellamy trade name on the lids; one being ‘John Bellamy Byng St. London’; the other, ‘John Bellamy Byng St. Millwall London’. The Point Hicks lid has the second version of the name, as do other examples in Victoria that Lewis has identified at Illawarra, Toorak; Warrock homestead, Casterton; Eeyeuk homestead, Terang; Ward’s Mill, Kyneton; and Boisdale homestead near Maffra, and in NSW at Ayrdale Park, Wolumla; and Bishop’s Lodge, Hay. Pearson’s list includes the same lids in NSW at Tumbarumba; the Quarantine Station, Sydney; Willandra Station; Bedervale, Braidwood; Gunnedah Museum; Walla Walla and Macquarie Island. The Point Hicks lid is currently stored in the lighthouse although it is unlikely that its use had any association with this building. The lid is in good condition and retains the central bung. Pearson notes that ‘surviving lids are far less numerous than the tanks themselves, presumably because the uses to which the tanks were put did not require the lid to be retained’.347 The Bellamy ship tank lid has first level contributory significance for its historic values. Circular cast-iron disc with raised outer ridge with inscription. It also has an inner depression with inscription. Two metal sections form handles over inner depression. Hole in middle of disc.Around perimeter of outer edge "JOHN BELLAMY LONDON" Around inner area "BYNG ST MILLWALL"

An Oral History of Housewives in the Rochester District During the Depression 1929 - 1939.Peter Gladman.victoria, history, rochester women durinf depression

Weevils In The Flour, an oral record of the 1930s depression in Australia.464 pages.Wendy. Lowenstein.book, depressions

How Mothers Coped in their Depression. An oral History of Wyong Mothers 1929 - 1939.Judy Bone.history, australian, pioneers of depression yrs. wyong

The Oral History of Rural Mothers in the Swan Hill District during the depression 1929 - 1939.Susan Weir.history, australian, rural mother swna hill.

Bette McPhee CollectionRectangular mulga base with depression for a chrome ink well and two metal stands for pens.Fist Quality Genuine Australian Mulga - Southern Series.domestic items, writing equipment

Newspaper article by Jack Perry published 05/11/1999. Schooling in the depression part 6.bendigo, history, schooling

Newspaper article by Jack Perry published 15/10/1999. Drought and depression part 3.bendigo, history, drought and depression

Newspaper article by Jack Perry published 08/10/1999. Drought and depression part 2.bendigo, history, drought and depression

Aluminium cup canteen with fold out handle and depression on the side to hold a plastic water bottlecup canteen

The Maroondah System was first and foremost developed as a functional component of Melbourne's Water Supply System. In addition to functionality, the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW) envisioned the Maroondah Reserve to be enjoyed aesthetically and recreationally by the public. This souvenir illustrates the realisation of the Maroondah System as a local recreational and tourist attraction in the early 20th century. The Maroondah Reserve gardens were landscaped with English-style ornamental stonework, exotic trees, flower beds and rose gardens. All features of the water supply system became widely celebrated as beauty spots that continue to be very popular to this day with tourists and locals alike. This souvenir is a product of that flourishing tourist trade. These water supply sites continue to enhance Melbourne’s charm and liveability and are now recognised as places of cultural and historic significance.This souvenir item has been curated by Melbourne Water as it represents an important historical aspect of the organisation by demonstrating the popularity of its water asset sites as recreational places and tourist attractions, and although these sites are functional parts of the water supply system, they were also designed to be enjoyed by the public both aesthetically and recreationally. Clear glass flower shaped 'depression ware' bowl with photograph of Maroondah Dam Healesville in the base.melbourne metropolitan board of works, mmbw, maroondah reservoir, melbourne water, scenic view, souvenir, glass, bowl

Used by Manning Chemist, Flinders Street Railway Station, Melbourne until 1984.Seven assorted avoirdupois metal weights, disc shaped with depression on top side marked with individual weight.218.1 : on top IMPERIAL . 2lbs . STANDARD, on base 'a crown' 8 VIC G57 218.2 : on top 8oz . IMPERIAL . STANDARD, on base 'a crown' (letters & numbers unclear) 218.3 : on top IMPERIAL 4oz ., on base 'a crown' (letters & numbers unclear) 218.4 : on top IMPERIAL 2oz ., on base marked (letters & numbers unclear) 218.5 : on top 1oz ., on base (letters & numbers unclear) 218.6 : on top 1/2oz . E 'a crown' 8 VIC, on base C57 C55 E53 218.7 : no details

Large white oval platter with light blue trim on lip. Depression in middle of platter and flat base.No visible markingsdomestic items, crockery, kitchen, platter, large plate, .

Handwritten paper re Osterfield family by Verna Doak '' the Depression 1929-35; The Osterfield Family and Remembering of a Depression Prospector''' Frederick Osterfield; Roderick Roy Osterfield. Mention of Dukes Flat and Burnt Gully (photographs) and details of primitive mining techniques. Mention of successful clay pit at Axedale.Verna Doakperson, individual, osterfield family, depression protector, dukes flat, burnt gully, clay pit axedale.

Melbourne Water inherited many of its water assets, such as reservoirs from its predecessor the Melbourne Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW). They have served the organisation well and have long been celebrated for both their natural beauty and engineering ingenuity. In the nineteenth century Victoria’s fundamental need for water infrastructure went beyond merely functional solutions and reflected the English ideal of the romance and beauty that was embodied in expanses of water. The MMBW further enhanced this notion by incorporating beauty and function in to the Classical and Italianate designs of its infrastructure such as pumping houses and reservoir outlet towers. The reservoir gardens and picnic areas were landscaped with ornamental stonework, exotic trees, decorative flower beds, fern glades pools and rose gardens. All features of the water supply system became widely celebrated as beauty spots that continue to be very popular to this day with tourists and locals alike. This souvenir is a product of that flourishing tourist trade. These water supply sites continue to enhance Melbourne’s charm and liveability and are now recognised as places of cultural and historic significance. This souvenir item has been curated by Melbourne Water as it represents an important historical aspect of the organisation by demonstrating the popularity of its water asset sites as recreational places and tourist attractions, and although these sites are functional parts of the water supply system, they were also designed to be enjoyed by the public both aesthetically and recreationally. Clear glass flower shaped 'depression ware' confectionery bowl, with photographic image of Maroondah Reservoir outlet tower on basemelbourne metropolitan board of works, mmbw, maroondah reservoir, melbourne water, scenic view, souvenir, glass bowl

In 1887 Melbourne was a little more that 50 years old and the game of cricket barely established in the colony. The Canterbury Cricket Club has survived world wars, the great depression, uncertain world politics and major social changes to the way we work and to our leisure time options. This is the story of 125 years of Canterbury Cricket Club.In 1887 Melbourne was a little more that 50 years old and the game of cricket barely established in the colony. The Canterbury Cricket Club has survived world wars, the great depression, uncertain world politics and major social changes to the way we work and to our leisure time options. This is the story of 125 years of Canterbury Cricket Club.Front page : signed by the author : Sam Gardinercanterbury cricket club, cricket, (mr) simon gardiner

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was invented in Italy in the late 1930s. ECT is a medical treatment most commonly used in patients with severe major depression or bipolar disorder that has not responded to other treatments. Psychiatrists had already discovered that inducing seizures could relieve symptoms of mental illness. Before ECT, this was done with the use of chemicals, usually one called Metrazol. More can be read here: http://theconversation.com/electroconvulsive-therapy-a-history-of-controversy-but-also-of-help-70938 This machine was used both at Aradale Mental Hospital and J Ward. The object is significant because it is a well preserved instrument that illustrates the medical apparatus used at both Ararat Mental Hospital and J Ward for the treatment of mental illness.A metal instrument. The front contains three knobs, two switches, and power button. Two fully intact electrical cords - One leads to the paddles used on the patient: One used to attach to the electric source [power point]. Paddles are made of hard plastic and stainless steel metal. The back has a compartment where the paddles can be stored. The top has a carry handle.Manufacturer: Siemens Power supply: 220V 85AC, 50Hzmentalhealth, psychiatrichealth, depression, #bipolardisorder

The Cambridge Glass Company was chartered in 1873 by a group of Cambridge, Ohio businessmen. But it was not until 1899, when the site was purchased by the newly formed National Glass Company, that funds became available to start the construction of this new glass factory. n 1901, The Cambridge Glass Company was organized by the owners of the National Glass Company of Pennsylvania Arthur J. Bennett, a native of England, was hired to manage this new factory. Having experience in the china and glass trades. Many of the patterns were of Mr. Bennett's own design. Sometime around 1903-1904 the company's first trademark came into being, the words "Near Cut" pressed into the glass. Cambridge Glass soon became known worldwide for quality in both "crystal and colours, pressed and blown’. 1984. The National Cambridge Collectors purchased many of the moulds, all of the etching/decorating plates and other assets of Cambridge Glass from Imperial. The Cambridge Glass factory building was demolished in 1989A shallow factory made, frosted green glass vase. The central "frog" is a figurine in the shape of a draped lady, with ten holes at her base to hold flowers. The lady's shape is poorly moulded, indistinct and would have been cheaply made. No Makers Mark. Appears to be similar to vases made by Cambridge Glass Co, Ohio, America, (1901 - 1958), during the Depression. glassware, cambridge glass company, ohio, bennett arthur j., orme wilber l., national glass company, pennsylvania, imperial glass company, bellaire, pioneers, early settlers, herron john, bentleigh, market gardeners, moorabbin, cheltenham

This brick was part of a group of brick that were salvaged during demolition of the main Alfred Hospital Nurses Home on 5 August, 1996.This brick and others from this group are significant to the Alfred Hospital Nurses League as many members lived there during their training and there was much controversy around the demolition of the building.Dirty terracotta coloured rectangular clay brick, one side has two rectangluar depressions, multiple chips off all sidesGLEN IRIS [Maker's mark]nurses home, brick, alfred hospital, alfred hospital nurses league, building, nurse accomodation

Photo was taken by Miss Olive Codling, who was a life member of the Wodonga Historical Society. Photograph is believed to have been taken on the occasion of a Tour of Mt Ophir winery by the North East Branch, 1st combined meeting.Black and white photograph of a rural area with gold mining mullock heaps in the background. In the foreground is a shallow depression that appears to be a dried wet-land.Written on back of photo: "Rutherglen | Wod. Hist. Soc. | 1st N. E. Region Meeting?"mt ophir, mount ophir, gold mining, mullock heaps

This stone axe was given to George Nelson as a prize for winning the Stawell gift.This stone axe has a cutting edge smoothed to a sharp arc and the body of the stone has concave depressions formed by stricking during the shaping process.stone axe

Pink depression glass art deco style dressing table set consisting of a rectangular tray, a lidded bowl, a perfume atomiser & perfume bottle with chromed tops.personal effects, containers, perfume