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The Beechworth Burke Museum
Geological specimen - Galena Chalcopyrite, Unknown
Galena Chalcopyrite is the earth's primary ore of lead and is mined from a large number of deposits in many countries. It is also an important source of silver. Galena Chalcopyrite is one of the most abundant and widely distributed sulfide minerals across the world. The mineral is found in igneous and metamorphic rocks in medium- to low-temperature hydrothermal veins. This specific specimen was recovered from the mines in Broken Hill, New South Wales. The mines in Broken Hill were first established after Charles Rasp discovered a large amount of silver-lead-zinc ore-body in the area in 1883. BHP (Broken Hill Proprietary) mining company was then established in 1885 and quickly became the lead in Australia's mining industry after they began excavating and exporting the country's largest amount of lead, silver, and zinc. This feat generated over $100 billion in wealth for the company.Galena Chalcopyrite is signifiant as it represents the catalyst for the rise of Australia's most influential mining companies - BHP. The mineral was one of the first to be mined in the country and after being made into lead, was used for a variety of things such as paint, batteries, ammunition, and plumbing materials before it was known to be harmful to humans. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. A grey, solid hand-sized lead sulfide mineral with a silver metallic luster.burke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen, galena, galena chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite, broken hill, bhp, bhp mining, broken hill mine, mine, australia mine, lead, lead mine -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Geological specimen - Copper Ore
This specimen was recovered from Silverton Mine in Broken Hill, New South Wales. Otherwise known as the 'Day Dream Mine', the Silverton Mine was first established in 1883, when silver and lead deposits where discovered. Within a few short years, the population of Broken Hill reached 3000 people. As of today the Silverton Mine is still open, and has produced over 200 million tonnes of ore, which has generated over $100 billion. The Silverton Mine was also famous for a number of specimens such as silver, iron and zinc.Copper is considered to be a rare ore in that finding it in its pure form is rare. Nowadays when mining for Copper it is often found in mixed in with other minerals or it is recycled from use. Moreover, Copper is found in a range of everyday uses such as coins, cookware, pipes, heating conductors and anything that generate electricity. The fact that Copper is heat a heat conductor, electricity conductor and it does not corrode easily, makes this ore a versatile and useful. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid hand-sized cube-shaped sulfide and oxide with shades of green, grey and brown throughout. Copper is typically found as nuggets in the ground. It can be found in a range of forms such as its native state; mixed with other ores, such as zinc and iron; as porphyry copper deposits; and as major deposits. Porphyry deposits are when the mineral is scattered evenly throughout the rock. Major deposits are when the mineral is scattered amongst other minerals.burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth musum, geological, geological specimen, mineraology, copper, copper ore, copper ore speciment, broken hill, new south wales -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Geological specimen - Chalcopyrite
This specimen originated from Mount Lyell on the west coast of Tasmania, where a large group of open cut and underground copper-silver-gold mines began operating in 1883. Between 1893-1994, the Mt Lyell Mining and Railway Company were responsible for operations. The Mt Lyell copper-gold mines produce some excellent crystallised specimens of chalcopyrite and other minerals. The deposits are generally considered to be of Cambrian volcanic origin, but there are indications of Devonian granitic influence on the ores, plus local remobilisation during Devonian deformation. Over 120 million tonnes of ore was produced from several workings, including the main Prince Lyell mine and the North Lyell mine, which was also of great importance. The Mount Lyell mines have a long history of human and environmental disasters, including the 1912 North Lyell fire that killed 42 miners, and two separate incidents in 2013 in which three people lost their lives. The environmental impacts from this complex of mines are extensive, with waste tailings and heavy metal contamination flowing directly into the King and Queen River catchments. In 1954, the eminent Australian historian, Geoffrey Blainey, published 'The Peaks of Lyell' which delves into the history of the 1912 North Mount Lyell Disaster.Chalcopyrite does not contain the most copper in its structure relative to other minerals, but it is the most important copper ore since it can be found in many localities and occurs in a variety of ore types. The brassy-yellow colours in Chalcopyrite mean it is often confused with pyrites and gold, leading to use of the term, "fool's gold." Chalcopyrite has been the primary ore of copper since smelting began five thousand years ago. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.This hand sized solid mineral specimen has shades of brass-yellow with spots of iridescent green-black tarnish. Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulphide mineral and a major ore of copper common in sulphide veins and disseminated in igneous rocks. Chalcopyrite has a hardness of 3.5-4 on the Mohs Scale. It is a member of the tetragonal crystal system and has metallic lustre and opaque transparency.burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geology, geological specimen, chalcopyrite, copper pyrites, copper mining, tasmanian geology, mount lyell, mount lyell mines, fools gold, mohs scale, crystals, minerals, historical geological collection, victorian geological survey, a.r.c selwyn, gold rush, van diemans land -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Geological specimen - Rhodonite with Galena and Sphalerite
This specimen is from Broken Hill, NSW. Galena is a natural mineral form of lead sulphide and is often found associated with sphalerite, calcite, and fluorite. Galena is an important lead ore mineral, and, in some regions, it is also an important mineral associated with silver ore. Sphalerite is a sulphide mineral that is the main ore of zinc. Rhodonite is an uncommon mineral once used as an ore of manganese in India, however today the scarcity and fragility of the crystals mean it is primarily used as lapidary materials or mineral specimens. In 1883, Charles Rasp who was a boundary rider at the time, discovered what he thought were deposits of tin but were in fact samples of silver and lead. He and six others went on to set up the first mining company in Broken Hill (BHP). The ore body became the largest and richest of its kind in the world mining ore worth more than 42,000 pounds in its first year. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. Galena contains lead and silver, Sphalerite contains zinc. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A hand-sized piece of Sphalerite and Galena with Rhodonite crystalsburke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen, galena, rhodonite, sphalerite, silver ore, manganese, lead sulphide, lead ore, zinc ore, lapidary, mineral specimen, broken hill, nsw -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Miners candle holder, Late 19th century
This candle holder has a sharpened point to push or hammer into soft rock and a hook to hang on a ledge or piece of rock. It is intended to be used in a mine and many residents of Warrnambool and district went to the gold mining districts in the 19th century. But it could have been used in the Warrnambool district if a small night light was required in one of the many local quarries or even in the search for coal deposits in the region. It could also have been used in a household.This miner’s candle holder has no known local provenance but it is retained as an interesting example of a candle holder used in the past.This is a thin piece of metal tapering to a point at one end and curving around in a loop at the other end to make a handle. Along the straight metal piece is attached a curved metal hook. At the end of the loop is an open-ended circular piece with a serrated top. The circular piece has a rectangular-shaped end piece which enables the hole in the curved piece to be pushed out or pulled in to make the hole smaller or bigger. The metal is much rusted. 19th century mining, history of warrnambool -
Orbost & District Historical Society
gold panning dish, mid - late 19th century
Panning dishes were used for washing fine gold from river sediments or from the residue trapped in cradles and puddling tubs. They were often used on the edge of streams/rivers to sift gold from alluvial soil or crushed quartz. This simple pan would have been filled with sand and gravel which might have contained gold. The pan was submerged in the water and shaken to sort the gold from the gravel and other material, with the lighter material gradually being washed over the lip until only the heavy deposits, such as gold, remained at the bottom. (ref. Museum Victoria) This pan was used by George Henry Douglas Russell Snr. As a young man prior to his enlistment in WW1 he panned for gold using this dish. During the war he became a vet sergeant in charge of horse lines.Gold panning is the oldest and simplest method of extracting gold. Gold pans had widespread use in alluvial gold fields where water is available. This item is an example of the type of pan commonly used on Victorian gold fields.A circular dull metal panning dish which has a wide rolled top lip which tapers down to a smaller diameter for the base which is flat. The pan has been made from ironmetal which has a coating of another metal with a matte grey finish. It has a small hanging hole and a reinforcing ring all around the top.russell-doug gold-panning mining -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, The School of Mines, Ballaarat, Annual Report 1881, 1882
The School of Mines Ballaarat Annual Report 1881. Annual Report, Additional Examination Statute, Certificates Granted by the Council, Copy of letter received from the Honble. Francis Ormond, M.L.C., Extracts from the Visitors' Book, Fees, Form of Bequest, Life Governors, Museum - open to Visitors', Office Bearers, Paper of Particulars, Report of the Curator of the Museum and Library (with plans), Report of the Superintendent of Laboratories, Report of the Lecturer in Telegraphy, Report of the Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering, Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year 1881, Subjects and Lecturers, Subjects and Examiners, Subscriptions and Donations from 1st January to 31st December 1881, The Lignite Deposit at Skipton (with Section and Plan)Soft covered pale green booklet of 63 pages.annual report, additional examination statute, certificates granted by the council, copy of letter received from the honble. francis ormond, m.l.c., extracts from visitors' book, fees, form of bequest, paper of particulars, life governors, museum, officer bearers, report of the curator of the museum and library, report of the lecturer in telegraphy, report of the lecturer in mechanical engineering, statement of receipts and expenditure for the year 1881, subjects and lecturers, subjects and examiners, subscriptions and donations from 1st january to 31st december 1881, the lignite deposit at skipton, james oddie, esq., j.p., alf. mica smith, lecturer in chemistry, natural philosophy and botany, f. m. krause, lecturer in geology, scientific mining, land, mining and engineering surveying, t. h. thompson, lecturer in practical mining, w. h. shaw, lecturer in mechanical engineering, h. reid, lecturer in mechanical engineering, a. a. buley, lecturer in mathematics, w. d. campbell, lecturer in telegraphy, j. f. usher, lecturer in materia medica, pharmacy and physiology, a.a. buley, w.d. campbell, j.f. usher, w.h. shaw, ferdinand krause, t.h. krause, skipton lignite deposit, skipton coal, ballarat school of mines annual report -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Berry, Anderson and Co., Printers, Bookbinders, &c, Ballarat School of Mines, Student Magazine, Second Term, 1908
Table of Contents: Editorial, Practical Mathematics, Annual Geological Camp, Pioneer Mining, Automatic Ore Feeders, A Unique Ore Deposit, A Country Ramble, Some Bunsen Memories, The Alkaline Titration for Zinc, Chalcedony Park, A Great Chemist's Toast, Correspondence, The Scientific and Literary Society, S.M.B. "Bon Mots", Theatre Party, Past Students', Answers to Correspondents, News and Notes, Sports Meeting, Football, Skating, Old Boys Please Note, Editorial Notices..1) 23 pages .2) Orange/brown coloured Booklet of 20 pages plus advertisements.ballarat school of mines, students' magazine, hubert f. hall, j. h. adams, sir william ramsay. past students': h. j. robin, c. w. nash, j. w. hawthorne,, hubert krause, w. b. blyth, bob mitchell, w. b. cooke, e. gregory, w. macartney, j. watson, c. c. harris, f. brinsden, j. housten, o. e. jager, e. m. boyer,, g. govett, h. s. sheppherd, hubert h. hall, w. playford, j. a. reid. -
Victorian Interpretive Projects Inc.
Book, Theodore Jesse Hoover, The Economics of Mining, 1938
Theodore Jesse Hoover, brother of the 31st President of the United States, was born in West Branch, Iowa, on January 28, 1871. He attended Stanford and received the Bachelor of Arts degree in Geology and Mining in 1901. Following graduation his professional career started with the position of assayer for the Keystone Consolidated Mining Company. After one year, he became assistant manager for the Standard Consolidated Mine, and a year later he was promoted to manager of the operation. In 1907 Hoover went to London as general manager of Minerals Separation, Ltd. This company was developing the froth flotation process for recovering minerals from ores. Hoover took an active part in the development of the flotation concentration process and authored one of the first books on the concentration of ores by flotation. After four years with Minerals Separation, Ltd., Hoover entered private practice as a consulting mining and metallurgical engineer with offices in London and in San Francisco. He was very successful and held positions of consulting engineer, managing director, director, and president of many mining companies in America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. He returned to Stanford in 1919 as Professor of Mining and Metallurgy and Executive Head of the Department of Mining and Metallurgy. His experience and ability in organization made him a natural leader. He was influential in the formation of the School of Engineering at Stanford. The School was formed in 1925 and he was made dean, a position he held until his retirement in 1936. As dean of engineering, he promoted a broad fundamental training program for undergraduate engineering students. Under his guidance, emphasis was placed upon graduate work and he was responsible for developing strong graduate engineering curricula at Stanford. While dean he continued teaching and his course, "The Economics of Mining," developed into a book which was published in 1933. He became interested in the functions of engineers and, with Professor Fish, wrote a book entitled "The Engineering Profession" which was published in 1940 and revised in 1950. In addition to his academic activities he was generous in his hospitality. Faculty and students alike enjoyed the annual field day and barbecue at his Rancho del Oso, near Santa Cruz. He was widely read and had a lively interest in all the things he encountered. He speculated on the antiquity of man and man's early production processes. To verify an idea regarding flint tools, he studied their shapes and became proficient in making arrow heads. He was also interested in wild life, and was one of the founding members of the Cooper Ornithological Society. (http://engineering.stanford.edu/about/bio-hoover)Blue hard covered book of 547 pages including an index. Contents include mine valuation (sampling, ore deposits, ore reserves, financial provisions, sale of mineral product, metal prices, reports) and Mining Organization (Co-operative effort, Mining Companies, Promoting Mining Enterprises, fluctuations of share prices, valuation of mining shares, fakes and fallacies, the mining Engineer and the law) and Mine Management (Organization of staff, mine manager, efficiency, industrial relations, training and discipline, safety).inside cover 'Charles Bacon Mackay School of Mines'.mining, economics, hoover, stanford, mackay school of mines, mackay, bacon -
Tarnagulla History Archive
Set of Maps (Mining & Local Area), various
David Gordon Collection. A set of mining documents, maps and plans: 1. Dunolly Deep Leads - showing location and names of deep lead gold deposits in region around Dunolly including at Tarnagulla and Newbridge. Geological Survey of Victoria, Department of Minerals and Energy. Bulletin No. 62, Map No. 4 Dunolly (770 x 485 mm). 2. Poseidon Lead (Facsimile) 3. Nick O Time Lead (Facsimile) 4. Happy Go Lucky Mine prospectus and plan (colour copy) 5. Jones Creek GM Co. (Raven & Gourlay's) Waanyarra - Prospectus (colour copy) 6. Poseidon Area Plan (colour copy) and Poseidon Area map (B&W copy). 7. Cross-section diagram of Spread Eagle Reef 8. New Birthday Gold Mine - area map (colour copy) and mine cross-section ( (colour copy). 9. Cross section of Poverty Reef, by Department of Mines (B&W copy, 2 parts on A2 paper) 10. Time-Lease Graph for Watts Reef, Specimen Reef, Stony Reef, Poverty Reef (second page in detail), created by Eric WIlkinson for Ref Mining NL, 1995 11. 1859 Plan of the Gold Workings & Township of Sandy Creek, Shewing the Mining Leases, Extended Claims & Machinery by R.J. McMillan, Mining Surveyor (B&W copy) 12. Longitundinal and Transverse Vertical Sections of Poverty Reef, Sandy Creek 1859, by R.J. McMillan, Mining Surveyor (B&W copy) 13. Tarnagulla Locality Plan (B&W copy) 14. Universal Grid Reference Map (Topographic) for Laanecoorie North (2 copies) 15. Universal Grid Reference Map (Topographic) for Inglewood South 16. Poverty Reef, Plan showing shafts and early tenements, created by Eric WIlkinson for Ref Mining NL, 1995 17. Locality Map of mining leases in Tarnagulla 18. Plan and Elevation of part of Poverty Reef, Sandy Creek, showing the claims and positions of the shaft. by R.J. McMillan, Mining Surveyor (Facsimile, composed of taped together components) 19.Plan and Elevation of part of Poverty Reef, Sandy Creek, showing the claims and positions of the shaft. by R.J. McMillan, Mining Surveyor (Facsimile, composed of taped together components) -
Tarnagulla History Archive
Newspaper clipping: 'Hopes Bright For Miners', 1990s
Donald Clark Collection.A newspaper clipping from the Bendigo Advertiser newspaper, article titled 'Hopes Bright For Miners' about Reef Mining NL finding a rich deposit near Tarnagulla. -
Tarnagulla History Archive
Newspaper clipping: 'New Big Gold Find Reported', 1990s
Donald Clark Collection.A newspaper clipping from unknown newspaper, article titled 'New Big Gold Find Reported' about Reef Mining NL finding a major gold deposit near Tarnagulla. -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, The Economics of Mining (Non-Ferrous Metals), 1938
The book was used by Charles Bacon who studied at the University of Nevada in the late 1930s/early 1940s. Bacon worked at Bunker Hill Mines and Kellogg Idaho, before arriving in Australian in 1951. He worked for CN Myers, a company involved with paper converting. CN Myers was a family business (on Charles Bacon's maternal line). The Mackay School of Mines, Nevada was established in 1908. At the time of writing this mook T.J. Hoover was Professor of Mining and Metallurgy and Dean of the School of Engineering at Stanford University. Theodore Jesse Hoover, brother of the 31st President of the United States, was born in West Branch, Iowa, on January 28, 1871. He attended Stanford and received the Bachelor of Arts degree in Geology and Mining in 1901. Following graduation his professional career started with the position of assayer for the Keystone Consolidated Mining Company. After one year, he became assistant manager for the Standard Consolidated Mine, and a year later he was promoted to manager of the operation. In 1907 Hoover went to London as general manager of Minerals Separation, Ltd. This company was developing the froth flotation process for recovering minerals from ores. Hoover took an active part in the development of the flotation concentration process and authored one of the first books on the concentration of ores by flotation. After four years with Minerals Separation, Ltd., Hoover entered private practice as a consulting mining and metallurgical engineer with offices in London and in San Francisco. He was very successful and held positions of consulting engineer, managing director, director, and president of many mining companies in America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. He returned to Stanford in 1919 as Professor of Mining and Metallurgy and Executive Head of the Department of Mining and Metallurgy. His experience and ability in organization made him a natural leader. He was influential in the formation of the School of Engineering at Stanford. The School was formed in 1925 and he was made dean, a position he held until his retirement in 1936. As dean of engineering, he promoted a broad fundamental training program for undergraduate engineering students. Under his guidance, emphasis was placed upon graduate work and he was responsible for developing strong graduate engineering curricula at Stanford. While dean he continued teaching and his course, "The Economics of Mining," developed into a book which was published in 1933. He became interested in the functions of engineers and, with Professor Fish, wrote a book entitled "The Engineering Profession" which was published in 1940 and revised in 1950. In addition to his academic activities he was generous in his hospitality. Faculty and students alike enjoyed the annual field day and barbecue at his Rancho del Oso, near Santa Cruz. He was widely read and had a lively interest in all the things he encountered. He speculated on the antiquity of man and man's early production processes. To verify an idea regarding flint tools, he studied their shapes and became proficient in making arrow heads. He was also interested in wild life, and was one of the founding members of the Cooper Ornithological Society. (http://engineering.stanford.edu/about/bio-hoover) Blue hard covered book of 547 pages including an index. Contents include mine valuation (sampling, ore deposits, ore reserves, financial provisions, sale of mineral product, metal prices, reports) and Mining Organization (Co-operative effort, Mining Companies, Promoting Mining Enterprises, fluctuations of share prices, valuation of mining shares, fakes and fallacies, the mining Engineer and the law) and Mine Management (Organization of staff, mine manager, efficiency, industrial relations, training and discipline, safety). Inside front cover 'Charles Bacon Mackay School of Mines"charles bacon, mining engineering, metallurgy, university of nevada, mackay school of mines, stanford, bacon, mining, economics, divining, theodore hoover -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Geological specimen - Native (metallic) copper, Unknown
This specimen is a native copper specimen that is metallic. Copper is typically found in the earth's crust and is often found alongside other metals such as gold, zinc, lead and silver which all belong to the same group which is the Copper/Gold group. Copper is most commonly formed from large masses of molten lava rock which has solidified in the earth's crust and over time though different sizes and speeds of crystal growth has turned into large amounts of copper, stored in porphyry copper deposits. Copper has a distinctive colour, yet can sometime appear blue and greenish which is often caused by oxidisation or a mixture of copper and other metals. This specific specimen was recovered from Moonta, South Australia. The Moonta Mining Company was established in 1861, after a Shepard in the area noticed traces of copper. This lead to a rush in the copper mining industry which was relatively young in Australia at the time, making Moonta Mining Company one of the richest in Australia. By the 1860's, South Australia had been nicknamed the "Copper Kingdom" due to its vast amount of Large copper mines and resources. As of 2016, Australia was the second largest producer of Copper internationally, following behind Chile in first place. This copper specimen is significant historically and scientifically as it is such an important metal commonly used throughout the world in various ways. Copper is an invaluable recourse used in daily life, used in most electrical appliances as it is a great conductor of heat and electricity, as well as being soft and malleable, making it easy to bend and mould into delicate sheets and wires. Copper does not corrode and is therefore used in the production of water pipes among countless other significant necessities that are often overlooked in our society. Historically, Copper holds great significance as it was the first metal used by humans. It was discovered roughly 9000 years ago and was utilised by the Neolithic Man who learnt that heating the metal made it more malleable, thus tools and utensils were made which were far superior to the previous stone tools used by humans. This history and its connection to the current and ongoing relationship between humans and copper must be preserved and highlighted as it is integral to the history of all humankind. A small, palm-sized solid native copper mineral specimen with shades of browns, black and rustic tones throughout the specimen.NATIVE (metalic) COPPER / Locality: Moonta, South Australiabeechworth, burke museum, geological specimen, native specimen, geological, mineral, mineralogy, indigo shire, beechworth museum, copper, copper ore -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Functional object - Gold Panning Tin, c1900
Alluvial deposits along with water were scooped into this pan and aggressively agitated to allow dense material, such as gold, sink to the bottom for easy extraction.Mining played an important role in the history of Beechworth, for the township was established in the mid-1850s after gold was discovered in the area. The success of goldmining lead to the growth and development of early Beechworth.A circular gold panning tin featuring sloped sides, a folded over rim, and handles.burke museum, beechworth, gold mining, alluvial mining -
Marysville & District Historical Society
Postcard (item) - Black and white postcard, Rose Stereograph Company, By the Wolfram Track, Marysville, Vic, 1913-1967
A postcard in a series produced by the Rose Stereograph Company in Victoria, Australia as a souvenir of Marysville.A black and white photograph of a part of the forest that the Wolfram Track, which is part of the Wilks Creek Walking Track, runs through. The Wilks Creek Walking Track is in Marysville in Victoria. The Wolfram Track is named after the Wilks Creek Wolfram Mine which opened in around 1894. Wolframite is one of the principle ores of tungsten. The discovery was made in Wolfram Creek by a Mr Robinson who was probably a local of the district. Four creeks eventually proved to carry alluvial deposits of the ore; Wolfram Creek, Opas Creek, Quartz Creek and Main Creek. These creeks run south-east into Deep Creek, a tributary of the O'Shannassy River which, in turn, runs into the Yarra River.POST CARD The "Rose" Series/ De Luxe A Real Photograph/ Produced in Australia Published by the Rose Stereograph Co.,/ Armadale, Victoria.wolfram track, wilks creek walking track, walking track, marysville, victoria, p. 2334, rose series postcard, postcard, souvenir, p. 2332, wolframite, wolfram creek, opas creek, quartz creek, main creek, deep creek, o'shannassy river, yarra river, mining -
Bacchus Marsh & District Historical Society
Geological specimen - Sample of Pulverised Dried Brown Coal, Maddingley Brown Coal Mine, 1981
The Maddingley area of Bacchus Marsh was surveyed for brown coal deposits in the 1930s. By the early 1940s brown coal in large quantities was being extracted and was transported to Melbourne where it was used to fire boilers for the Australian Paper Mills (APM) company. By the 1970s APM was using natural gas instead of coal. Maddingley brown coal was then used to fire boilers for the CRA/VISY cardboard factory at Bacchus Marsh. This factory closed down in 1990. During the 1990s the mine was acquired by the Calleja family company who ran transport and waste management operations.The Maddingley Brown coal mine was a major industry in Bacchus Marsh for 50 years. A sample of coal from the mine is a reminder of the importance of this local industry over an extended period of time.Two cylindrical plastic containers mounted on rectangular baseSample of pulverised brown coal produced from Maddingley brown coal deposit located at Bacchus Marsh Victoria, October 1981. Moisture content 12% - Specific energy - 22 GJ/Tonne - Particle size - 25% +90 Microncoal mines, mining, brown coal, maddingley brown coal mine -
Clunes Museum
Tool - GOLD CRADLE & PANNING DISH, JAMES ESMOND, CIRCA 1850
USED TO OBTAIN ALLUVIAL GOLD THE DESIGN OF THIS EQUIPMENT IS MOSTLY BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF THE WAY HEAVY MINERALS ARE CONCENTRATED IN ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS. THE PROSPECTING DISH IS USED WHEN WORKING WITH SMALL AMOUNTS OF STONES & CLAY WHILE BIGGER JOBS THE CRADLE OR BANJO IS MORE EFFICIENT. THE GAUZE OF MESH IN THE SIEVE IS VARIABLE. THE CRADLE OR BANJO IS USUALLY SET UP AT RIGHT ANGLES TO A SHALLOW CREEK OR WATERHOLE WITH THE OPEN ENDS TOWARDS THE WATER.1 WOODEN CONSTRUCTION MADE BY HAND WITH GAUZE FILTER IN UPPER SECTION TO SEPARATE QUARTZ ROCKS, SAND AND SOIL. A HANDLE ON BOX LIKE CONSTRUCTION IS USED TO ROCK THE CRADLE WHICH IS MOUNTED WITH ITS ROCKERS RESTING ON WOODEN BEARERS. .2 PANlocal history, mining equipment, mining -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph, R. Millist, Hanlon Consols Mine Rokewood, 1901
The photo depicts one shift of mine hands at Hanlon Consols Mine Rokewod in 1901. ist on the left is George Edgar Yung. George was born in Ararat the son of Yohann Godlip and Christina (b Weller)Yung. They lived at Happy Valley near Linton. and Piggoreet. Yohann was a miner and died in the All Nations Mine collapse at Derwnt Jack's in 1877. Interesting to note in the following information that the Hanlon Consol mamager, William Maughan was also the manager of the Try Again Mine in Piggoreet. He was also on the six man school committee of Piggoreet Common School No. 726. (Is this why George Yung ended up working in Rokewood because of a previous connection at Piggoreet? George married Clara Emma Smith from Happy Valley and worked in a mine at Allendale. They later moved to Yendon) About the Hanlon gold mining company near Rokewood. 1901 - Information Bendigo Prospecting Club, 21/08/2020. Information provided once again by Peter McCarthy. Christopher Hanlon had put down a line of bores south of the Rokewood main street, looking for a continuation of the Break O’Day lead which had been worked for two or three miles with highly payable results, though in a primitive manner. Ground was being paddocked 30 feet deep and made to pay. The bores suggested the sinking would be about 70 feet and a shaft site was selected at the back of Stanbrook’s Hotel. The Hanlon Gold Mining Company was formed in March 1895 and the shaft was bottomed at 68 feet, getting just over an ounce of gold from the shaft bottom. By January 1896, the poppet heads were up, and steam plant was nearly ready. The mine produced 846 oz by September, which was not as good as expected, but they installed a second puddling machine. The mine was profitable for the next three years, with periods of prospecting and the need to install steam pumps in 1897. A second shaft was sunk in 1899, which bottomed at 86 feet on good wash and was sunk on to 109 feet. 1743 oz of gold had been produced in six months to September 1899, but the No1 shaft was let on tribute as the No2 workings were opened and machinery installed the following year. The No1 shaft tributors broke even in 1900 and in 1901 the shaft was shut down, with the No1 shaft machinery sold late in 1902. By September 1901, the mine had produced gold worth £66,124 and the No2 shaft main drive was in 346 feet, with gold being found mainly in crevices in the hard floor. Mining continued, but once the No2 shaft workings met up with the old No1 shaft workings at the end of 1902 there was not much wash remaining. The mine was let on tribute in June 1903 and a drive was put in to test deeper ground. The company was wound up in February 1904 and the plant sold. From what they discovered, the manager concluded that the mine sat at the edge of an ancient coastline and the gold was in a beach deposit. The total gold production from the mine was worth £73,294. J Lee Archer JP, shareholder, was the manager of the Bank of Victoria in Ballarat. Born in Tasmania, he came to Victoria with his parents and first came to Ballarat in 1855 as a junior clerk with the bank. He died in 1902 aged 64. Alexander J. Peacock was a legal manager and a share broker. In 1897 Peacock, born in Creswick, had been elected as one of the Victorian delegates to the Constitutional Convention which wrote the Australian Constitution. He later became a politician, state treasurer and three times state premier of Victoria and was knighted KCGM. He died in 1933 aged 72. William Maughan, director, was an English miner who came to Victoria in the 1850s and became a mine manager, managing the Try Again at Piggoreet, Ryan’s Freehold and the Madam Berry, among others. He died in Williamstown in 1915 aged 85. Sepia photographRhs front of photo: R. Millist Phto & Lanternist Geelong Verso (upside down): ONE SHIFT OF MINE HANDS HANLON CONSOLS MINE ROKEWOOD 1901 Grandfather Yung 1st on left rokewood, hanlon consols mine, shift of mine workers 1901, gold mines, george edgar godlip yung, william maughan -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Map - GEOLOGICAL MAP OF BENDIGO GOLD FIELD
Map of Bendigo gold field showing anticlines, synclines, shaft, alluvial deposits and contour lines. Map is in two sections. This map forms part of the Geological Survey of Victoria, Structure of Bendigo Goldfield report, No. 47, 1923. H.Herman, late Director of Geological Survey.Geological Survey Victoriabendigo, gold mining, geological map -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Book, Vines, Jack, The Flying Doctor Story, 2008
A comprehensive study of black and brown coal mining in Victoria, from earliest discovery of coal deposits in Australia, to the vast coal fields of the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, where extraction is by open cut engineering.engineering, mines and mining -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - Land purchase receipt, Maitland NSW, 1888-1889
Northumberland County was one of the original Nineteen Counties in New South Wales and is now one of the 141 Cadastral divisions of New South Wales. The Greta area was first colonized by Europeans around Anvil Creek in the 1830s. When the town was surveyed in 1842 it was given the name Greta, possibly after a small river in Cumberland, England. Coal mining was established in the area in 1862 with the development of a railway station. Robinson Fairbairn Collection: Land purchase receipt, Greta, Maitland NSW - 7th August 1888, Received from Robinson Fairbairn of Greta, 3 pounds and 11 shillings and 11 pence for land Lot 19 of 26, by agent for the Sale of Crown lands. 25% deposit receipt from Sparke and Glift auctioneers West Maitlandhistory, mining, robinson fairbairn collection, maitland, northumberland, greta nsw -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - Sand mining at the Whipstick
Old Tom mine included quartz mining and open cut mining. Today the remains of the battery site, cyanide plant, hydrolic sluicing and a 1930's puddler can be seen. It was operating in August 1874 and was taken over in 1897 by an English syndicate, J. R. Syndicate. By 1899 the mine had reached 500 feet in depth . The mine closed c. 1901.8529 Sand mining at Old Tom mine the Whipstick, Eaglehawk. O'Halloran's team of nine men and two horses and carts. Two men with horse and carts; and seven men on top of the sand deposit. A4 copy of 1513 Box 25sand mining, whipstick, old tom mine -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - BILL ASHMAN COLLECTION: DEPOSITS OF SCALE
Black and white photo by Vincent Kelly Bendigo. Photo shows deposits of scale taken from bottom of jacket when head was removed from the cylinder head of a diesel engine belonging to the Central Nell Gwynne Gold Mining Company. Information typed on the back of the photo.sciences, instruments - general, scalebuoy, bill ashman collection - correspondence, central nell gwynne gold mining coy, scalebuoy, vincent kelly -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING. THE GOLD LICENCE, c1850s
Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Diggers handed in their gold at the escort office, and received a receipt for the number of ounces deposited. Diggers on way to Camp to deposit gold. Markings: 20 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING. DIGGERS AND MINERS, c1850s
Diggers & Mining. Diggers and miners. In some localities, diggers formed co-operative parties to mine for gold in a small way. But, in general, the exploration of deeper deposits was outside the capacity of the diggers, who lacked both the capacity of the diggers, who lacked both the capital and the technical knowledge required. So wealthy men formed gold mining companies, which established gold mines to exploit the deeper deposits. Markings: 23 994:LIF I. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING. DIGGERS AND MINERS, c1850s
Diggers & Mining. Diggers and miners. On many fields, even the surface alluvial deposits had been worked out, there was still much gold to be got, but it lay in the deeper strata - - - Markings: 21 994:LIF I. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING. DIGGERS AND MINERS, c1857
Diggers & Mining. Diggers and miners. The rush might be small or big; it might last for a couple of months, of for years. Eventually, as the yields from near-the-surface deposits declined, diggers would leave the field. Generally a field declined in importance gradually; but, if reports of another rich diggings began to circulate, thousands might leave a field in a few days - as they left Fiery Creek (Beaufort) for Ararat in 1857. Markings: 20 994:LIF I. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING: DIGGERS & MINING
Diggers & Mining: Diggers & Mining. Slide reads: Thereafter, with the working out of surface deposits, and the resultant development of mining - especially, in the late 1850's, alluvial mining - the number of independent diggers gradually decreased, till by 1866 there were possibly only 25,00 of them, as against 17,000 quartz miners and about 37,000 employed in alluvial mines. Markings: 52/ 994:LIF 1. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, diggers & miners -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - FOSTERVILLE GOLD MINE COLLECTION: ARTICLE 'GOLD WIN FOR MINE'
Newspaper article, Friday 3, 2017, Bendigo Weekly. titled 'Gold win for mine' by Sharon Kemp. Fosterville Gold Mine has hit the jackpot intercepting some of the richest gold mineralisation in the world. Article describes richness of Fosterville deposit. Fosterville started operating in 2005 and has been mining underground for 10 years. 'At the current Australian dollar gold price, the three month haul is worth $70 million'bendigo, mining, fosterville gold mine