Axes and Adze are hand-held tool used for shaping and carving wood. Axes are designed for chopping and cutting, while adzes are designed for smoothing and shaping. Both tools have a similar shape and consist of a head attached to a handle. An adze is an ancient and versatile cutting tool similar to an axe but with the cutting edge perpendicular to the handle rather than parallel.Used by woodworkers in the Kiewa ValleyA cast steel tool similar to an axe, with an arched blade at right angles to the handle, used for cutting or shaping large pieces of wood.adze, hand tool for woodwork, axe

The first Wilson Hall was the gift of Sir Samuel Wilson, who offered the University £30,000 in 1874 for this purpose. Building strated in 1878 and the hall was opened in 1882. It was designed in the Perpendicular Gothic style by Joseph Reed, constructed in stone and built on a very generous scale. In 1952 Wilson Hall was damage by fire, and a new hall was built on the site. The original Wilson Hall was destroyed by fired. Black and white photograph of Wilson Hall, a building in University of Melbourne. It was built in 1890 by Fincham & Hobday. wilson hall, university of melbourne

Used to take a sample from the cervix as part of a cervical biopsy. 'Rostfrei' is a German word meaning 'rust free', which is an equivalent term for stainless steel.Stainless steel cervical punch. Consists of a long, thin metal shaft, extending out in a perpendicular fashion from the handle. There is a small cutting tooth at the end of the shaft. Handle consists of an oval shaped trigger attached to a solid metal handle. A curved metal spur extends from the back of the handle to provide purchase for thumb grip. Overall shape of the instrument resembles a handgun in style. Inscription on handle of instrument reads 'ROSTFREI'. obstetrics

An Adze is versatile cutting tool similar to an axe but with the sharp cutting edge perpendicular to the handle rather than parallel. The wooden handle is straight and the blade has a slight curve. They are used for smoothing or carving wood such as sleepers An adz, with its long handle, cuts with the grain, and the nature of the chips is different from an axe. While they have a similar shape, they should never be confused with a hoe or mattock used for agriculture and horticulture. Adze - smalltimber tools

The wood level has been around for over 100 years and this type is called a spirit level. It gets its name from the mineral spirit solution which is inside the level. The level is used to indicate how parallel (level) or perpendicular (plumb) a surface is relative to the earth. The spirit level is placed on the surface, if the surface is level the bubble in the tube will be in the centre between the lines, if the bubble is either side of the lines then the surface has a slope.Paint spots and wear at grooves. Wood, glass bubbles, brass cover over bubble. Round maker's seal missing.level, carpenter's tools, hand tools, churchill island

Used to cut down trees and to saw the trunks to length. Used to clear the land.Used by the residents of the Kiewa Valley.A. Combination Tasmanian Pattern and Peg Tooth Cross Cut Saw B. Tasmanian Pattern Cross Cut Saw C. Peg Tooth Cross Cut Saw A crosscut saw is a saw designed for cutting wood perpendicular to (across) the wood grain. It cuts when pulled in both directions. The two man crosscut saw has wooden handles that fit into a steel socket at each end. The Tasmanian has a different tooth pattern to the Peg Tooth saw.crosscut saws, two man saws

Mr John Wilson Gillie was born on the 31st of March 1864. On the 31st of July 1880 he was apprenticed for four years to J.J. Wilson and Sons, Nautical Instrument Makers of Sunderland. Following the apprenticeship he spent six months to a year as an ‘improver’ in Glasgow, and then started a new company ‘Wilson and Gillie’ in North Shields. At this time sail had just given way to steam and wooden ships to steel, and the railways were competing with colliers for the carrying of coal from the North East of England to London and the South. In 1858 only seven out of 44 shipyards on the Tyne were using iron, but by 1862 there were ten, employing around 4,000 men. These changes had a significant effect on nautical instrument manufacturers, as the magnetic compass for a wooden sailing vessel was very simple and required little in the way of compensation. For steel vessels much more was required and this was a period of great development, both in the compass bowl and the binnacle in which it was housed. In 1870 Sir William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) designed his dry card standard compass, which completely replaced all previous designs. Wilson and Gillie started as agents for the Thomson compass, but later J.W. Gillie, using similar principles, redesigned the compass suspension and patented the ‘UNIT’ standard compass. It became popular with local shipowners and shipbuilders. In 1910 the firm of John Lilley and Son (which had been established in London in 1812), found themselves in financial difficulties and were saved with the help of John Wilson Gillie, who established, on the 8th of August 1911, a new firm of John Lilley and Son Limited. John Lilley and Son had been the sole London agents for Sir William Thomson, a very enviable position during this period, when the Thomson compass led the field. Unfortunately, Mr. Lilley had quarreled with the Glasgow company, who withdrew the agency and established their own branch in London (later to become Kelvin White and Hutton). On November 7th 1913, the firm of John Lilley and Son Limited of London amalgamated with Wilson and Gillie of North Shields, and after this date instruments manufactured by the two companies bore the name John Lilley and Son Limited of London and North Shields. During the 1930s many of the London nautical instrument makers were in difficulties, including John Lilley and Son Limited and Reynolds and Son, Dobbie and Clyde Limited, and Mr. J.W. Gillie arranged an amalgamation between these two companies. The new firm became Lilley and Reynolds Limited. In 1943, with estate duties in mind, the North Shields company was reconstituted and took the name of John Lilley and Gillie Limited, although the shareholders, directors and personnel remained unchanged In the early 1970s Lilley and Gillie developed close links with Observator in Rotterdam, who manufactured one of the first fully reliable transmitting magnetic compass systems. The Observator shareholders, Holland America Line, bought the share capital of John Lilley and Gillie Limited., but retained all the personnel and the directors. (See Links for more information)A significant item of early 20th century marine navigational equipment made by a leading manufacturer in the field from a company that is still producing marine navigational instruments today. John Lilleys company began in 1812 growing at a time when the transition of compasses from timber ships, to steel vessels. Compasses at this time required a method of compensation to allow their inclusion in steel vessels without magnetic deviation. This therefore was a period of great development, both in the compass bowl and the binnacle in which it was housed and the Lilley company were leaders in the field. Ships binnacle, wood with brass fittings, consists of 2 brass lamp holders, place for compass, Also has an inclinometer with a scale 40 to 0 to 40, one red and one green iron Kelvin compensation balls, one on each side of binnacle denoting port and starboard, a brass cylinder attached perpendicular at the rear for storing a Flinders Bar, 2 hinged cupboards containing adjustable wooden racks with drilled holes in them to hold iron Heeling error magnets.Textured brass plate attached to front stating "JOHN LILLEY & SON LTD (WILSON & GILLIE), NAUTICAL INSTRUMENT MAKERS, NORTH SHIELDS" . Inclinometer has "JOHN LILLEY & SON LTD (Wilson & Gillie) LONDON & NORTH SHIELDS" engraved. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, binnacle, john lillie & son ltd, compass

The Spirit of Tasmania I & II commenced service between Melbourne and Devonport on 1 Sep 2002. In 2004 the Spirit of Tasmania III commenced service between Sydney and Devonport. It is probable that these photos were taken when the Spirit of Tasmania III stopped over in Port Melbourne prior to commencing service from Sydney, The Sydney - Devonport service ceased in 2006.Two colour photos of Spirit of Tasmania II and Spirit of Tasmania III at Station Pier on 6 Jan 2004. The first shows both ferries berthed at the pier. Spirit of Tasmania II at Inner East berth (IESP) and Spirit of Tasmania III at the Outer East berth (OESP). The second photo shows the Spirit of Tasmania III perpendicular to the pier (probably leaving having reversed out of OESP). The stern of the Spirit of Tasmania II can be seen still berthed at IESP.spirit of tasmania, transport - ferries

An Adze is versatile cutting tool similar to an axe but with the sharp cutting edge perpendicular to the handle rather than parallel. The wooden handle of this adze is shaped like an axe handle and the blade also has a slight curve. They are used for smoothing or carving wood such as sleepers An adz, with its long handle, cuts with the grain, and the nature of the chips is different from an axe. While they have a similar shape, they should never be confused with a hoe used or mattock for agriculture and horticulture.Adze - Largetimber tools

In 2021, the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP) constructed two new groynes and a section of rock seawall at Apollo Bay to help manage the impacts of coastal erosion. The new 70-meter-long rock groynes run perpendicular to the shoreline and be located just south of the Milford St revetment and to the south of Milford Creek. Sections of rock seawall will be constructed between the two Groynes with an aim to protect the dune, walking path, cypress trees and road from erosion. Colour photograph of a coastal scene at Apollo Bay, featuring new rock groynes to protect the Great Ocean Road from erosion. apollo bay, beach, coast, groyne, rockwall

In 2021, the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP) constructed two new groynes and a section of rock seawall at Apollo Bay to help manage the impacts of coastal erosion. The new 70-meter-long rock groynes run perpendicular to the shoreline and be located just south of the Milford St revetment and to the south of Milford Creek. Sections of rock seawall will be constructed between the two Groynes with an aim to protect the dune, walking path, cypress trees and road from erosion. Colour photograph of a coastal scene at Apollo Bay, featuring new rock wall and groynes to protect the Great Ocean Road from erosion. apollo bay, beach, coast, groyne, rockwall

In 2021, the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP) constructed two new groynes and a section of rock seawall at Apollo Bay to help manage the impacts of coastal erosion. The new 70-meter-long rock groynes run perpendicular to the shoreline and be located just south of the Milford St revetment and to the south of Milford Creek. Sections of rock seawall will be constructed between the two Groynes with an aim to protect the dune, walking path, cypress trees and road from erosion. Colour photograph of a coastal scene at Apollo Bay, featuring new rock wall and groynes to protect the Great Ocean Road from erosion. apollo bay, beach, coast, groyne, rockwall, sea wall

In 2021, the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP) constructed two new groynes and a section of rock seawall at Apollo Bay to help manage the impacts of coastal erosion. The new 70-meter-long rock groynes run perpendicular to the shoreline and be located just south of the Milford St revetment and to the south of Milford Creek. Sections of rock seawall will be constructed between the two Groynes with an aim to protect the dune, walking path, cypress trees and road from erosion. Colour photograph of a coastal scene at Apollo Bay, featuring new rock wall and groynes to protect the Great Ocean Road from erosion. apollo bay, beach, coast, groyne, rockwall, sea wall

Edith CURNOW (1913–2003) Ballarat | Australia Edith Gertrude Curnow undertook Industrial Art teacher training at the Ballarat Technical Art School, with a five-year Senior Technical Scholarship, between 1926 and 1931. She taught for a time before marrying compositor James Lawn in 1937. She reportedly continued to teach at the Ballarat Technical Art School as Edith Lawn. She retired in 1972 at which time she was the Lecturer in Charge of Craft Edith Lawn was a member of inaugural Ballarat School of Mines Old Girls Association, and served as first Press Correspondent. Her daughter, Valda Lawn (later D'Angri) also attended and taught at the School. One of the subjects Curnow studied was Historic Ornament. This subject spanned time and space to inform and inspire designers. Students studied the influences of history, geography, culture and climate on ornamental aesthetics, including the tools, materials and methods applied to decorative objects, interior design and architecture.Two books containing student notes and drawing relating to courses at the Ballarat techncial Art School in 1931. The work was undertaken by Edith Curnow. .1) - Foolscap red covered book on Historic Ornament. Includes History of Ornament, Egyptian Ornament, Assyrian Ornament; Greek Ornament, Roman Ornament, Pompeian Ornament, Byzantine, Romanesque Ornament, Norman, Decorated Gothic, Perpendicular Gothic, Renaissance. .2) Green quarto book on Historic Ornament Part 2: Costume. The work includes Egyptian Costume, Greek Costume, Roman Costume, Richard I, Crusades, Edward III, Charles I, Charles II, George II.ballarat school of mines, ballarat technical art school, art history, edith lawn, edith curnow, val lawn, val d'angri, curnow, lawn, ornament, costume., ballarat technical art school library, artists workbook, journal, historic ornament, university women, ballarat school of mines old girls association

The Church of St Michael and All Angels dates from the 15th century and is the Parish Church for Ashton under Lyne. It is believed there was a church on this site before the Norman Conquest as the Domesday Book mentions a St Michael's Church in the east of the ancient parish of Manchester. Much of the structure was re-constructed in Victorian times. The church with large windows in Perpendicular style. Buttresses were required with this type of building as the large window area reduced the strength of the walls. The church boasts boasts some of the best examples of fifteenth century stained glass left in Britain. There are eighteen panels illustrating the life of St. Helena. The church tower is 145 feet high and has a peel of thirteen bells. (From ashton-under-lyne.com) .1) Sepia photograph mounted onto card showing St Michael's and all Angels church and graveyard in Ashton-Under-Lyne. The gravestones shown in the photograph are no longer evident today. The cemetery area is now covered with grass.cemetery, st michael s and all angels, ashton under lyne, j w mellor, church

Designed to be used with a Sun Sculpture viewfinder.A collection containing 3 stereoscopes from the Underwood and Underwood brothers Ottawa, Kansas. depciting images of Australian sheep stations and the Dalgetty's wool sales floor. Copyrighted in 1908 by Underwood and Underwood. Each item consists of two identical photographs, side by side on a grey backing card with rounded edges.Wording: Underwood & Underwood, publishers. / Ney York, London, Torronto - Canada, Ottawa - Kansas.;Method: Printed;Location: Left Hand side of card perpendicular to the image. Wording: Works and Studios ~ / Arlington, N.J. Westwood, N.J.;Method: Printed;Location: Right Hand Side of card perpendicular to the photograph Wording: Sun Scultpure /Trade Mark. ;Method: Printed;Location: Right hand side of card. Wording: (27) - 10255 - Dalgetty's Sales Rooms where wool-buyers came from all parts of / the world - Australia. Copyright 1908 by Underwood & Underwood. U-113253.;Method: Printed;Location: Bottom of card. Wording: (57) - 10285 - Drink for 5000 thirsty sheep on a big ranch at Warrah, Australia. / Copyright 1908 by Underwood & Underwood. U-113324;Method: Printed;Location: Bottom of Card. Wording: (29) - 10257 - four thousand sheep changing pasture during a dry season - / Australia. Copyright 1908 by Underwood & Underwood. U-113121.;Method: Printed;Location: Bottom of Card.stereoscope, photographs, sun sculpture viewfinder, sheep, wool, station, underwood and underwood, dalgetys, warrah

Used during WWII to dim headlights making them, hopefully, invisible from the air. These were used by Mr Claude Freckleton who lived on a farm outside of Port Fairy Pair headlamp masks, with shaded glass slit - Painted blackHow to fit "G J C" approved headlamp mask Remove glass from car headlamp & mark mask to the size and shape of glass centering the glass slit and celluloid insert. Cut mask with tin snips to fit the headlamp instead of glass with this side inward towards the globe. Adjust the headlamp downward 2 degrees from the perpendicular so that the light beam strikes the road 10 feet from the front of the car. * Important - Do not alter the angle of slits over slits.world war two, headlights, car, headlight covers

The Wesleyan Methodist Church at Clunes is a distinctive bluestone building in the Gothic style and was designed by the Ballarat architect J.A. Doane. Construction began in 1864 and the church was further extended in 1871. The building consists of a broad nave and transepts with galleries, these having cast iron balustrades. The facade incorporates a slate-roofed octagonal turret and spire and a four-light perpendicular Gothic window. The interior includes windows with quarry glass panes and coloured borders; those on either side of the organ incorporate scrolled texts and may be by the Melbourne makers Ferguson & Urie. With declining congregations, the property was purchased by Wesley College in 1999 and now forms part of its Clunes campus. The church building has received a very extensive restoration, including structural strengthening, the opening out of the interior to its original dimensions and the installation of a new floor. Ref: https://www.ohta.org.au/organs/organs/ClunesUC.html Colour postcard showing a street view of the Clunes Methodist Church,clunes wesleyan methodist church, wesley college

The Wesleyan Methodist Church at Clunes is a distinctive bluestone building in the Gothic style and was designed by the Ballarat architect J.A. Doane. Construction began in 1864 and the church was further extended in 1871. The building consists of a broad nave and transepts with galleries, these having cast iron balustrades. The facade incorporates a slate-roofed octagonal turret and spire and a four-light perpendicular Gothic window. The interior includes windows with quarry glass panes and coloured borders; those on either side of the organ incorporate scrolled texts and may be by the Melbourne makers Ferguson & Urie. With declining congregations, the property was purchased by Wesley College in 1999 and now forms part of its Clunes campus. The church building has received a very extensive restoration, including structural strengthening, the opening out of the interior to its original dimensions and the installation of a new floor. Ref: https://www.ohta.org.au/organs/organs/ClunesUC.html Sepia postcard showing a street view of the Clunes Methodist Church,clunes wesleyan methodist church, wesley college

The Wesleyan Methodist Church at Clunes is a distinctive bluestone building in the Gothic style and was designed by the Ballarat architect J.A. Doane. Construction began in 1864 and the church was further extended in 1871. The building consists of a broad nave and transepts with galleries, these having cast iron balustrades. The facade incorporates a slate-roofed octagonal turret and spire and a four-light perpendicular Gothic window. The interior includes windows with quarry glass panes and coloured borders; those on either side of the organ incorporate scrolled texts and may be by the Melbourne makers Ferguson & Urie. With declining congregations, the property was purchased by Wesley College in 1999 and now forms part of its Clunes campus. The church building has received a very extensive restoration, including structural strengthening, the opening out of the interior to its original dimensions and the installation of a new floor. Ref: https://www.ohta.org.au/organs/organs/ClunesUC.html B & W exterior view of the Clunes Methodist Church, from the side.clunes wesleyan methodist church, wesley college

The Wesleyan Methodist Church at Clunes is a distinctive bluestone building in the Gothic style and was designed by the Ballarat architect J.A. Doane. Construction began in 1864 and the church was further extended in 1871. The building consists of a broad nave and transepts with galleries, these having cast iron balustrades. The facade incorporates a slate-roofed octagonal turret and spire and a four-light perpendicular Gothic window. The interior includes windows with quarry glass panes and coloured borders; those on either side of the organ incorporate scrolled texts and may be by the Melbourne makers Ferguson & Urie. With declining congregations, the property was purchased by Wesley College in 1999 and now forms part of its Clunes campus. The church building has received a very extensive restoration, including structural strengthening, the opening out of the interior to its original dimensions and the installation of a new floor. Ref: https://www.ohta.org.au/organs/organs/ClunesUC.html B & W exterior view of the Clunes Methodist Church.clunes wesleyan methodist church, wesley college

The Wesleyan Methodist Church at Clunes is a distinctive bluestone building in the Gothic style and was designed by the Ballarat architect J.A. Doane. Construction began in 1864 and the church was further extended in 1871. The building consists of a broad nave and transepts with galleries, these having cast iron balustrades. The facade incorporates a slate-roofed octagonal turret and spire and a four-light perpendicular Gothic window. The interior includes windows with quarry glass panes and coloured borders; those on either side of the organ incorporate scrolled texts and may be by the Melbourne makers Ferguson & Urie. With declining congregations, the property was purchased by Wesley College in 1999 and now forms part of its Clunes campus. The church building has received a very extensive restoration, including structural strengthening, the opening out of the interior to its original dimensions and the installation of a new floor. Ref: https://www.ohta.org.au/organs/organs/ClunesUC.html B & W exterior view of the Clunes Wesley College development. The image shows school buildings on a block next to the former Clunes Methodist Church.clunes wesleyan methodist church, wesley college

“Details of Gothic Architecture is measured and drawn from existing examples by James K. Colling, author of ‘Gothic Ornaments’.“—Front cover. It contains detailed drawings of parish churches during the 19 century.A large book with blue hardcover and black cloth corners and spine. Illus. with b&w plates of architectual drawings. Vol.1. Title is printed in black and red. This book contains measured drawings of details from parish churches. It includes 8p. table of contents. Inscription on title page "W. H. Piper, architect". A plate inside front cover titled "Ballarat Technical Art School Library No. AD/14".and, architecture gothic, decoration, ornament gothic, james k colling, gothic england, norman, early english, decorated, perpendicular, burnby church, etton church, yorkshire, walsoken church, norfolk, great grimsby church, lincolnshire, bookplate, ballarat technical art school library

Arthur E. Woodley donated the WW1 Military Carbide Signal and General Purpose Lamp to Frankston RSL. It was given to Arthur E. Woodley of Crib Point during the 1960s by Captain Ivan E. Layton MBE who was then the Executive Officer of Melbourne Legacy. During WW2 Ivan Layton was secretary to General Blamey. Ivan Layton died on 15th September, 1979. The carbide workings of the lamp were removed because of corrosion, otherwise it is almost complete.WW1 Military Carbide Signal and General Purpose Lamp which is round and made of brass. The lamp has a latched and hinged brass top. Brass and wood hinged handle with knurled access knob which is situated at the top of the lamp. In between the handle uprights is a round chimney flu which allows heat to escape. Approximately one third down from the top of the lamp there is a brass side handle. Immediately to the left of the handle is a rectangular curved view port with brass cover. Directly opposite the side handle is a convex glass window. Air vents are located at the bottom of the lamp. Inside the top half of the lamp is a chamber which contains the carbide lamp and perpendicular sleeves for the insertion of coloured glass panels. The bottom half of the lamp contains the carbide.Manufacturers Stamp, 'PLAYER & MITCHELL LTD', 'SENTINEL WORKS' 'BIRMINGHAM'ww1, military, brass, lamp, world war 1, round, great war, carbide, signal lamp, player mitchell, birmingham

In 1934, Victoria and Melbourne celebrated their centenaries. Realising how impossible it would be for the majority of Warrnambool residents to participate in the Victorian celebrations, the organising committee of the Warrnambool Centenary celebrations devised a week long comprehensive programme of activities including exhibitions, a pageant re-enactment at the breakwater and a mass children's display at the showgrounds. Sir Harold Gengoult Smith officially opened the Warrnambool Centenary Exhibition of Arts, Crafts, Antiques and Historical Relics. This booklet was designed and written in 1934 for the Warrnambool Centenary festivities by Frank H. Ford, Lava Street, Warrnambool. The souvenir booklet contains a brief history of Warrnambool, a map and description of Warrnambool and its facilities in 1934.The last three pages include a business directory which would be useful for research.A twenty page booklet printed on shiny paper. The front cover has a black and white photo of nine swimmers in the water (five male & four female) some with surfboards. There is a 4mm green line printed 12mm from the upper edge and a 3mm green line printed 6mm from the lower edge of the cover. There is green printing over the photograph on the front cover. On the rear cover there are two small black and white photographs of an aerial view of the city of Warrnambool and the Hopkins Falls in flood. The green line extend across the rear cover and are intersected by a perpendicular 4mm green line running from the upper to the lower edge 18mm to the left of the spine. Words are printed in black on the rear cover and the printer details are printed in green at the bottom edge.Front cover: Centenary Souvenir of Warrnambool Warrnambool Centenary Festivities 13th to 24th November 1934 Price 9d Rear Cover: Beautiful Warrnambool "City of the West" Victoria Australiawarrnambool, frank h. ford, foyle photos, a. wilkins photos, warrnambool centenary festivities 1934, warrnambool souvenir, warrnambool business directory

The Church of St Michael and All Angels dates from the 15th century and is the Parish Church for Ashton under Lyne. It is believed there was a church on this site before the Norman Conquest as the Domesday Book mentions a St Michael's Church in the east of the ancient parish of Manchester. Much of the structure was re-constructed in Victorian times. The church with large windows in Perpendicular style. Buttresses were required with this type of building as the large window area reduced the strength of the walls. The church boasts boasts some of the best examples of fifteenth century stained glass left in Britain. There are eighteen panels illustrating the life of St. Helena. The church tower is 145 feet high and has a peel of thirteen bells. (From ashton-under-lyne.com) Holy Trinity Church, Bardsley was consecrated on the 10th October 1844 by the Bishop of Chester. The church was only the third church in the Borough of Ashton-under-Lyne to be carved out of the parish of St. Michael & All Angels, Ashton. The church was built on land donated by the Hulme Trustees..1) Sepia photograph mounted onto card showing Holy Trinity, Bardsley, Ashton-under-Lyne. Snow is evident in the foreground and the church is surrounded by a graveyard. .2) Sepia photograph mounted onto card showing St Michael's and All Angels church, alongside a graveyard.Signed lower LHS "J.W. Mellor" Lower RHS "Ashton-under-Lyne"cemetery, st michael s and all angels, ashton under lyne, j w mellor, tombstone, tomb stone, headstone, head stone, holy trinity church, bardsley

A scythe is an agricultural hand tool for mowing grass or reaping crops. It was largely replaced by horse-drawn and then tractor machinery. A scythe consists of a wooden shaft and a long, curved blade is mounted at the lower end, perpendicular. Scythes always have the blade projecting from the left side when in use. Mowing is done by holding the handle , with the arms straight, the blade parallel to the ground and very close to it, and the body twisted to the right. The body is then twisted steadily to the left, moving the scythe blade along its length in a long arc from right to left, ending in front of the mower, thus depositing the cut grass to the left. Mowing proceeds with a steady rhythm, stopping at frequent intervals to sharpen the blade. The correct technique has a slicing action on the grass, cutting a narrow strip with each stroke Mowing grass is easier when it is damp, and so hay-making traditionally began at dawn and often stopped early, the heat of the day being spent raking and carting the hay cut on previous daysEarly settlers and market gardeners used these scythes as they established their farms in Moorabbin Shire c1880A large metal scythe with a wooden handle x 2early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, cheltenham, tools, blacksmiths

A C-clamp or G- clamp is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or metal work-piece, and often used in, but are not limited to, carpentry and welding. These clamps are called "C" clamps because of their C shaped frame, but are otherwise often called G-clamps or G-cramps because including the screw part they are shaped like an uppercase letter G. The fixed end is not adjustable so size is not variable. G-clamps are typically made of steel or cast iron, though smaller clamps may be made of pot metal. At the top of the "G" is usually a small flat edge. At the bottom is a threaded hole through which a large threaded screw protrudes. One end of this screw contains a flat edge of similar size to the one at the top of the frame, and the other end usually a small metal bar, perpendicular to the screw itself, which is used to gain leverage when tightening the clamp. When the clamp is completely closed, the flat end of the screw is in contact with the flat end on the frame When used some other object or objects will be contained between the top and bottom flat edges. A steel 'G' Clamp tools, g clamp, screws, steel, clamps, metalwork, woodwork, carpentry, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabin, bentleigh, cheltenham

Basil Watson departed Melbourne on 24th January 1917, on the initial leg of Australia's first 'barnstorming' aviation tour, promoted by the entrepreneurs Albert Sculthorpe and R. Sissons. During the trip, which lasted over a month, Watson visited Warrnambool, Hamilton and Mount Gambier, before returning via stopovers at Casterton, Hamilton, Warrnambool and Camperdown. At each town he presented a public flying demonstration for crowds of spectators, featuring his usual aerobatic displays with feats such 'looping the loop', upside down flying, somersaulting and 'perpendicular nose dives', generating much amazement and admiration. The promoters had received approval from the Postmaster General's Department to carry an experimental airmail consignment on the return journey from Mount Gambier, and Watson landed in Albert Park on his arrival back in Melbourne on 27th February, carrying over 1,000 pieces of airmail collected from each of the towns on route. Much of the mail was in the form of official souvenir postcards commemorating the event, which were reposted on arrival to local addresses in Melbourne. Churchward, M. (2017) Basil George Watson, Pioneering Aviator (1894-1917) in Museums Victoria Collections https://collections.museumvictoria.com.au/articles/15473 Accessed 18 December 2018.Book. ' Basil G. Watson, Pioneer Airman, the Mount Gambier to Melbourne 1917 experimental air mail'. Grey cover, 39 pages with photographs and illustrations.H.N. Eustisbiography, aviation, basil g. watson, aviation, airmail, bendigo, basil g. watson.eric j. ames pty ltd printers, 14 chesser street adelaide

A clamp is a fastening device to hold or secure objects tightly together to prevent movement or separation through the application of inward pressure. The tool is for temporary use for positioning components during construction and wood working. There are many types of clamps available for many different purposes. Some are temporary, as used to position components while fixing them together, others are intended to be permanent. A C-clamp or G-clamp is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or metal work piece, and often used in carpentry and welding. C-clamps or G-clamps are typically made of steel or cast iron, though smaller clamps may be made of pot metal. At the top of the "C" is usually a small flat edge. At the bottom is a threaded hole through which a large threaded screw protrudes. One end of this screw contains a flat edge of similar size to the one at the top of the frame, and the other end usually a small metal bar, perpendicular to the screw itself, which is used to gain leverage when tightening the clamp. When the clamp is completely closed, the flat end of the screw is in contact with the flat end on the frame. When the clamp is actually used, it is very rare that this occurs. Generally some other object or objects will be contained between the top and bottom flat edges. A steel ‘C’ or ‘G’ Clamp used to hold a wood or metal work piece, used in carpentry and welding.L.W.BANKtools, woodwork, metalwork, welding, carpentry, pioneers, market gardeners, early settlers, bank w.l., moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, ormond