Showing 76 items
matching spring balances
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Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Machine - Fusee Clock Mechanism, early 20th Century
... exclusively, aided by new methods of adjusting the balance spring so... exclusively, aided by new methods of adjusting the balance spring so ...The origin of the fusee is not known. Many sources credit clockmaker Jacob Zech of Prague with inventing it around 1525. The earliest dated fusee clock was made by Zech in 1525, but the fusee appeared earlier, with the first spring-driven clocks in the 15th century. The idea probably did not originate with clockmakers, since the earliest known example is in a crossbow windlass shown in a 1405 military manuscript. Drawings from the 15th century by Filippo Brunelleschi and Leonardo da Vinci also show fusee mechanisms. The earliest existing clock with a fusee, also the earliest spring-powered clock, is the Burgunderuhr (Burgundy clock), a chamber clock whose iconography suggests that it was made for Phillipe the Good, Duke of Burgundy about 1430. Springs were first employed to power clocks in the 15th century, to make them smaller and portable.[1][5] These early spring-driven clocks were much less accurate than weight-driven clocks. Unlike a weight on a cord, which exerts a constant force to turn the clock's wheels, the force a spring exerts diminishes as the spring unwinds. The primitive verge and foliot timekeeping mechanism, used in all early clocks, was sensitive to changes in drive force. So early spring-driven clocks slowed down over their running period as the mainspring unwound. This problem is called lack of isochronism. Two solutions to this problem appeared with the first spring-driven clocks; the stack freed and the fusee. The stack freed, a crude cam compensator, added a lot of friction and was abandoned after less than a century. The fusee was a much more lasting idea. As the movement ran, the tapering shape of the fusee pulley continuously changed the mechanical advantage of the pull from the mainspring, compensating for the diminishing spring force. Clockmakers empirically discovered the correct shape for the fusee, which is not a simple cone but a hyperboloid. The first fusees were long and slender, but later ones have a squatter compact shape. Fusees became the standard method of getting constant force from a mainspring, used in most spring-wound clocks, and watches when they appeared in the 17th century. Around 1726 John Harrison added the maintaining power spring to the fusee to keep marine chronometers running during winding, and this was generally adopted. The fusee was a good mainspring compensator, but it was also expensive, difficult to adjust, and had other disadvantages: It was bulky and tall and made pocket watches unfashionably thick. If the mainspring broke and had to be replaced, a frequent occurrence with early mainsprings, the fusee had to be readjusted to the new spring. If the fusee chain broke, the force of the mainspring sent the end whipping about the inside of the clock, causing damage. The invention of the pendulum and the balance spring in the mid-17th century made clocks and watches much more isochronous, by making the timekeeping element a harmonic oscillator, with a natural "beat" resistant to change. The pendulum clock with an anchor escapement, invented in 1670, was sufficiently independent of drive force so that only a few had fusees. In pocketwatches, the verge escapement, which required a fusee, was gradually replaced by escapements which were less sensitive to changes in mainspring force: the cylinder and later the lever escapement. In 1760, Jean-Antoine Lépine dispensed with the fusee, inventing a going barrel to power the watch gear train directly. This contained a very long mainspring, of which only a few turns were used to power the watch. Accordingly, only a part of the mainspring's 'torque curve' was used, where the torque was approximately constant. In the 1780s, pursuing thinner watches, French watchmakers adopted the going barrel with the cylinder escapement. By 1850, the Swiss and American watchmaking industries employed the going barrel exclusively, aided by new methods of adjusting the balance spring so that it was isochronous. England continued to make the bulkier full plate fusee watches until about 1900. They were inexpensive models sold to the lower classes and were derisively called "turnips". After this, the only remaining use for the fusee was in marine chronometers, where the highest precision was needed, and bulk was less of a disadvantage until they became obsolete in the 1970s. Item is an example of clock mechanisms used until 1910 for many different styles of clocks and went out of fashion in the 1970s due to improvements in clock and watch making.Brass fusse clock movement, It has very heavy brass plates and wheels, high-count machined pinions, and a fusee. The mounting of the pendulum is missing and It has a recoil escapement. A fusee is a conical pulley driven through a chain by the spring barrel. As the spring runs down, the chain acts at a larger and larger radius on the conical pulley, equalising the driving torque. This keeps the rate of the clock more even over the whole run. It has motion work to drive an hour hand as well as a minute hand and the centre arbor is extended behind the back plate to drive some other mechanism.Inscription scratched on back"AM 40" flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, clock mechanism, fusee mechanism, horology -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Instrument - Scale, Early 20th century
... balance scales. One of the most common types of spring scales.... The ease of use of spring scales over balance scales. One ...The basic balance scale has been around for thousands of years and its accuracy has improved dramatically over the last several centuries, the principle behind this tool remains unchanged. Its parts include a fulcrum, a beam that balances on it, a pan at the end of the beam to hold the materials to be weighed, and a flat platform at the other for the counter-balancing weights. Balance scales that require equal weights on each side of the fulcrum have been used by everyone from apothecaries and assayers to jewellers and postal workers. Known as an unequal arm balance scale, this variety builds the counterweight into the device. Counter scales used in dry-goods stores and domestic kitchens often featured Japanned or (blackened) cast iron with bronze trims. Made by companies such as Howe and Fairbanks, the footed tin pans of these scales were often oblong, some encircled at one end so bulk items could be easily poured into a bag. Seamless pans were typically stamped from brass and given style names like Snuff (the smallest) and Birmingham (the largest). Some counter scales were designed for measuring spices, others for weighing slices of cake. In the 18th century, spring scales began to appear and would use the resistance of spring to calculate weights, which are read automatically on the scale’s face. The ease of use of spring scales over balance scales. One of the most common types of spring scales was the kitchen scale also known as a family or dial scale. Designed for horizontal surfaces, these vintage kitchen scales used the weight of goods in a pan at the top of the scale to force the spring down rather than the balance system. Such scales were common in early 20th century households and were sold by many companies. Many had flat weighing surfaces but some were topped by shallow pans. Companies such as Salters, Chatillon, and Fairbanks were the most popular brands used. These scales are significant as they identify one of the basic preparation items for the weighing of foodstuff in the family kitchen to prepare everyday meals. This item is significant as it gives a snapshot into domestic life within the average home in Australia around the turn of the twentieth century and is, therefore, an item with social relevance. Black cast iron, medium weighing scales, with a fulcrum which the beam that balances on, there is as scoop at one end for the material to be weighted and a flat circular disc at the other end that holds the weights. Around the cast iron base is an embossed leaf pattern. All the weights have their weight embossed within the casting.There are 5 weights, marked 2 oz, 4 oz,8 oz,1 lb,2 lb, This scale does not have any visual markings on the arms to identify a maker or true balance. It is therefore assumed that these scales were made for domestic use only.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, spring scale, scale -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Scales Balance Pocket, Circa 1900
... hand balance, spring loaded scales. antique pocket balance ...Historically this item would have been used by gold miners, rabbit shooters, mobile "Rag and Bone" traders and other mobile(in caravans and/or horse drawn cart) traders of various small goods and haberdashery. Although marked as not to be used as trade, the isolation and sometimes difficult terrain rules out using larger and more delicate scales. In the early 1900s rough roads and severe weather conditions forced traders to be more flexible in trading with weights and measures. The "close enough is good enough" doctrine was the Australian outback rule of thumb. The significance of this item in the Kiewa Valley during this period demonstrates the slower acceptance of accurate trading measure using the country side principle "my hand shake is my bond". In the Kiewa Valley small quantity commercial undertakings e.g. gold mining, fur pelts and rabbit meat trade did not require bulk weight type scales. Commerce in rural production e.g. fruit and vegetables involved more farmers and their staff in a barter and/or "in kind" payments. This was more so in the depression years 1929 to late 1930s. Self sufficiency was to a large extent more attainable in this region than in the city/ large country town environment. The Australian "fair go" ethical approach to life and commerce was very much ingrained in those living in country regions, like Kiewa Valley as is demonstrated by the not so accurate hand balance, spring loaded scales. Portable Pocket Balance with front plate made from brass. Spring mechanism enclosed by black painted medium gauge steel cover( three quarters cylindrical). Front scale face and rear spring casing fastened by three rivets. Spring loaded marker blade is located in the centre of the front plate. See item KVHS 0224 for a similar scales.Front plate marked: at top "Not legal for use in trade", below this in larger print "Pocket Balance", under and to the right in smaller print "lbs" under this graded marks, first marked with a Zero, then every second mark in ascending order up to 25. At the bottom of the front plate is marked "Made in Germany"antique pocket balance, scales, mobile weights, vintage appliances -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Scales Weighing Pocket, circa early 1900s
... , spring loaded scales. antique pocket balance scales mobile ...Historically this item would have been used by gold miners, rabbit shooters, mobile "Rag and Bone" traders and other mobile(in caravans and/or horse drawn cart) traders of various small goods and haberdashery. Although marked as not to be used as trade, the isolation and sometimes difficult terrain rules out using larger and more delicate scales. In the early 1900s rough roads and severe weather conditions forced traders to be more flexible in trading with weights and measures. The "close enough is good enough" doctrine was the Australian outback rule of thumb.The significance of this item in the Kiewa Valley during this period demonstrates the slower acceptance of accurate trading measure using the country side principle "my hand shake is my bond". In the Kiewa Valley small quantity commercial undertakings e.g. gold mining, fur pelts and rabbit meat trade did not require bulk weight type scales. Commerce in rural production e.g. fruit and vegetables involved more farmers and their staff in a barter and/or "in kind" payments. This was more so in the depression years 1929 to late 1930s. Self sufficiency was to a large extent more attainable in this region than in the city/ large country town environment. The Australian "fair go" ethical approach to life and commerce was very much ingrained in those living in country regions, like Kiewa Valley as is demonstrated by the not so accurate hand balance, spring loaded scales.This brass "faced" portable Pocket Balance ( Fish Scales) has front plate made from thin pressed brass. The mild steel spring mechanism enclosed by black painted medium gauge steel cover( three quarters cylindrical). Front scale face and rear spring casing fastened by three rivets. Spring loaded marker blade is located in the centre of the front plate. A steel " finger holder" ring is attached at the top of the scale unit from one of two pre drilled holes. The top is for holding the scale upright and the bottom for a hook to dangle the item to be weighed from the bottom. See item KVHS 0223 for similar scales"THE BILLY BALANCE" and at the bottom "MADE IN GERMANY"antique pocket balance, scales, mobile weights, vintage appliances -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Scales - Medical
The scales were used either at the Tawonga District Hospital or Mt Beauty Medical Centre for weighing a child or small person when standing on the platform. Weights were moved along a rod to balance the person to determine his/her weight.These manual scales were used by doctors to weigh and measure the heights of young patients in the Kiewa Valley and were a necessary piece of equipment to check the health of their patients.Cream metal with height in inches measuring steel rod attached to cylinder. At the top of the cylinder it is hollow for the working of a horizontal scale which has a metal measuring ruler (7 inches) at the end of which is a thin rod hooked on with a round disc at the bottom. At floor level is a platform on a spring on which a child can stand. The stand is surrounded on 3 sides with a thin frame to prevent falling off. The height scale has a thin stainless steel arm with a round plate attached to put on top of the child's head for measuring height."Melbourne Scale 60"scales. mt beauty medical centre. tawonga district hospital. weighing people. medical equipment -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Equipment - Weighing Instrument, Pocket Balance, Twentieth Century
Small hanging scales at the top of which there is a metallic ring to fasten the object. This is attached to the main body which on one side has measurements inscribed into the metal surface. Inside the body is a spring loaded mechanism which moves along the scales when weight is added to a hook at the bottom of the shaft. [Ed. The maker's initials have not to date been identified.]"Pocket Balance / MR Product / Made in Australia"pocket balance, hanging scales, weighing instrument -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages
DVD, Ramahn Allam, Talking Language with Ernie Dingo, 2013
In this six-part series, Ernie Dingo explores the revival, maintenance and creation of languages which are in a constant state of change. He reveals the complex balance between language and relationship to country, and discovers how this balance has been affected since European colonisation. Ernie asks an important question of the Elders he meets - What is the future of the Aboriginal language spoken in their community?DVDgunditjmara, yirrkala, yolngu, arnhem land, ngarrindjeri, coorong, vicki couzens, arrernte, alice springs, yindjibarndi, roebourne, bill harney, wardaman, language revival -
Orbost & District Historical Society
pocket scales, 1920's
... scales pocket-balance spring-balance measuring-instrument.... scales pocket-balance spring-balance measuring-instrument ...The pocket balance was first created in 1770 by Richard Salter in the UK. From the late 18th century onwards these small scales were widely used in markets, grocers and farm shops – wherever people needed to be able to verify the weight of goods to be purchased in order to calculate the correct pricing. Because it was portable, and simple to use, the pocket balance was ideal for weighing goods where accuracy was not required. This balance appears to have been used for weighing fish.Pocket spring scales made of steel. There is a spring fixed at one end with a hook to which an object can be attached at the other. At the top of the scales there. is a metallic ring to fasten the object. This is attached to the main body which on one side has measurements inscribed into the metal surface. Inside the body is a spring loaded mechanism which moves along the scales when weight is added to a hook at the bottom of the shaft.At the top - POCKET BALANCE ARROW and the letters M P inside an oval.scales pocket-balance spring-balance measuring-instrument -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Book, Town of Port Melbourne, Register of Balances from Sepember 30 1895 - Rough, 1890s
Town of Port Melbourne - Register of Balances from Sepember 30 1895 - Rough. A working ledger including some loose pages for 1907/08. Dark green, with red corners, spine missinglocal government - town of port melbourne -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Financial record, The Port Melbourne Cricket Club report and balance sheet, 1929 - 1945
The Port Melbourne Cricket Club report and balance sheet. Eleven annual reports from 1929 to 1945sport - cricket, port melbourne cricket club -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Book - Port Melbourne Council, financial ledger, 1950s - 1960s
Ledger recording monthly balances, some pages headed "Unadjusted Overpayments". 1960 -63. Format includes names (personal or company) and addresses; monthly balances and adjustments (next column). Unclear as to direction of payments (assume to Council) and reason for overpayments. Variation in balances is wide - one penny to over 100 pounds.local government - city of port melbourne -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Book - Port Melbourne Council, Electricity Supply overpayments, 1960s
Ledger recording Electricity Supply overpayments, Credit balances, Name change. Daily dissection of cash receipts 1963 to 1965. Names and addresses are included; label (remains) on front coverlocal government - city of port melbourne, utilities - electricity, electricity supply -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Book - Port Melbourne Council records, Engineering Department, Town of Port Melbourne?, Stone Breakers, 1894 - 1909
One of two Port Melbourne municipal record books giving details of stone metal contracts and measurements 1909-1924 in columns headed dept/Breaker's name/Sub account/Dat/Balance after deducting sub. A remarks column sometimes shows where stone was used. Title 'Measurement Book' is on spine. The pages in Vol. 1 are printed at the top 'Town of Port Melbourne - Account of Metal Measurements"Label 'Stone Breakers' on front coverengineering - roads streets lanes and footpaths, local government - town of port melbourne -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Book - Port Melbourne Council records, Engineering Department, Town of Port Melbourne?, Measurement Book, 1909 - 1924
One of two Port Melbourne municipal record books giving details of stone metal contracts and measurements 1909-1924 in columns headed dept/Breaker's name/Sub account/Dat/Balance after deducting sub. A remarks column sometimes shows where stone was used. Title 'Measurement Book' is on spine.Title 'Measurement Book' is on spine.engineering - roads streets lanes and footpaths, local government - town of port melbourne, local government - city of port melbourne -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Financial record - Annual Report, Port Melbourne Bowling Club, 1910
Annual balance sheet of the Port Melbourne Bowling Club 1910-1911, 4 pgsport - lawn bowls, port melbourne bowling club -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Financial record - Annual Report, Port Melbourne Bowling Club, 1911
Annual balance sheet of the Port Melbourne Bowling Club 1911-1912, 4 pgsport - lawn bowls, port melbourne bowling club -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Financial record - Annual Report, Port Melbourne Bowling Club, 1939
Annual balance sheet of the Port Melbourne Bowling Club 1938-39sport - lawn bowls, port melbourne bowling club -
Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History
Instrument - Scarificator
Scarifiers were traditionally used for blood letting, and in folk medicine for the practice of cupping. Spring loaded knives cut the skin, then a warmed metal or glass cup is placed over the cuts. As the air inside the cup cools, it creates a vacuum drawing out the "bad" blood. The process is also related to the ancient medical theory of "humors". This theory dates back to the Hippocratic tradition and persisted through to the mid-19th Century. According to this theory, the body had four "humors", "airs" or "elements" which neeed to be kept in balance. Any imbalance could cause illness and this was often explained in terms of excess fluids. One prescribed treatment was to remove the excess blood which would restore the balance.Square, solid brass object with lever to release blades underneath.Etched on side: Mundy / Londonmetal, blades, bloodletting -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Equipment - Scales, J Kitchen & Sons Pty Ltd, H Troemner, 1800s
Brass coloured metal scales with weighing pan, three larger ball weights and one smaller ball hanging from the arm. Metal cast label "H Troemner's Ball Scale No 24". Weighing balance arm has numbers 1 to 6, also 0 to 16 scale (pounds and ounces). Many signatures with dates on the base of the weighing pan, probably of people who worked with the scales (from 1889 to 1988). Used for weighing at J Kitchen & Sonsindustry - manufacturing, j kitchen & sons pty ltd -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Financial record, Balance sheet of testimonial for the family of the late Bro. Rev E Finnie, 4 Apr 1939
Explains financial records from 1939A balance sheet for the family of the late Bro Rev E Finnie. The balance sheet has been typed in blue ink and set out in a table."Copy" is hand written at the centre top section of the page in red pencildeath and funerals, banking, charities and appeals, bro rev e finnie, dr g b bearham, a f masons, a masons, master mark masons, e a kellam -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document, Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report and Balance Sheet - Season 1950, 1950
From the collection of Terry KEENAN.Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report & Balance Sheet Season 1950, A5 12pp plus grey coversE Murphy sport - australian rules football, port melbourne football club, pmfc -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document, Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report and Balance Sheet - Season 1951, 1951
From the collection of Terry KEENAN.Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report & Balance Sheet Season 1951, A5 12pp no coversport - australian rules football, port melbourne football club, pmfc -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document, Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report and Balance Sheet - Season 1952, 1953
From the collection of Terry KEENAN.Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report & Balance Sheet Season 1953, A5 12pp plus blue coversport - australian rules football, port melbourne football club, pmfc -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document, Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report and Balance Sheet - Season 1956, 1956
From the collection of Terry KEENAN.Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report & Balance Sheet Season 1956, A5 12pp plus red coversport - australian rules football, port melbourne football club, pmfc -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document, Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report and Balance Sheet - Season 1957, 1957
From the collection of Terry KEENAN.Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report & Balance Sheet Season 1957, A5 12pp plus grey coverport melbourne football club, sport - australian rules football, pmfc -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document, Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report and Balance Sheet - Season 1959, 1959
From the Collection of Terry KEENAN.Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report & Balance Sheet Season 1959, A5 12pp plus green coverport melbourne football club, sport - australian rules football, pmfc -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document, Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report and Balance Sheet - Season 1962, 1962
From the collection of Terry KEENAN.Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report & Balance Sheet Season 1962, A5 12pp plus red coverport melbourne football club, sport - australian rules football, pmfc -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document, Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report and Balance Sheet - Season 1965, 1965
From the collection of Terry KEENAN.Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report & Balance Sheet Season 1965, A5 12pp plus grey coverport melbourne football club, sport - australian rules football, pmfc -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document, Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report and Balance Sheet - Season 1966, 1966
From the collection of Terry KEENAN.Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report & Balance Sheet Season 1966, A5 12pp plus red coverport melbourne football club, sport - australian rules football, pmfc -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document, Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report and Balance Sheet - Season 1967, 1967
From the collection of Terry KEENAN.Port Melbourne Football Club Annual Report & Balance Sheet Season 1967, A5 12pp plus pale green coverport melbourne football club, sport - australian rules football, pmfc