This is a small pocket sized book covered with khaki coloured buckram. Printed on front cover is the phrase "New Testament" under that in the entre is a coat of arms - British - under that are two shields with a symbol in each. Under those shields is a banner with the words "City of Malvern". The back cover has written "Souvenir of Peace" - "City of Malvern" crest and "The Great War 1914 - 1918. There are 462 pages. The printing is in black ink.On last page are the morse code symbols for name Leila Smith. Inside the rear cover is the name Leila Smith.bible, ww!, city of malvern

The Japanese occupied present day Indonesis from 7-12-1941 to 15-8-1945. Indonesia was a Dutch colony at the time and Dutch Indonesians were imprisoned, starved and otherwise treated with great cruelty.This tile is of importance as a reminder of the War in the Pacific and the suffering of Dutch colonials during the Japanese occupation.A small, simply coloured ceramic tile commemorating the liberation of the Dutch East Indies on August 15, 1945. An illustrated paper applique has been stuck on the top surface.The following words and phrases are recorded on the paper applique: 15 augustus 1945; NED. INDIE VRIJ; nooit vergeten (never forget). The dates 7-12-1941and 15-8-1945 record the time of Japanese occupation. The tile is further illustrated with a map of the (now) Indonesian islands; two cut lines of barbed wire and two triumphant lions.

The 'Bendigo Flee' car. Black and white photograph of a small van, possibly 1930s, with white painted words and phrases on the chassis. Include Bendigo, Sydney, Bathurst, Brisbane - Nothing but the best for the best, Atlantic is trouble free - the Artful Dodger - Sad Pat & Mick fill her up with Atlantic - Bertie the Bitza the one and only. Possibly involved in a motor rally sponsored by Atlantic Oil. On the reverse is printed in blue ink- Use Atlantic. See research field.bendigo, tourism, postcard, motor rally. atlantic union oil company., bendigo flee

Card containing an illustration of a little boy in a sailor suit. Above the illustration are the words: John A. Whitlam, painter and Decorator Sandhurst. Below the illustration is the phrase 'May Father Christmas banish every fear, save that of laughter from your eyes my dear' PTO.. On the back of the card John Alf Whitlam, House Painter and Paperhanger, Sign Writer and general Decorator, Mitchell St. Sandhurst. Latest designs in paperhanging's, panel decorations and dados. Your patronage respectfully solicitedpostcard, business card, john alf whitlam, mitchell st. sandhurst

This dictionary is a large tome containing a wealth of information current at the time of publication (1958). The Webster’s Dictionary is an American publication but it was known world-wide and would have been in many households in Australia in the mid 20th century. No information is available on A. M. Archibald (the signature in the front of the book)This book has no known local provenance but is retained as an example of an antiquarian item, a 60 year-old book.This is a large tome of 2129 pages, plus supplements of 160 pages. It has a faded dark green linen cover. The spine and the cover edges are damaged. The wording on the spine and cover are almost indecipherable. Inside the covers are images of a tree with branches representing Indo-European languages. The pages have alphabetical thumb tabs and these are double-sided with gold lettering. The pages contain black and white illustrations and coloured plates. The supplementary material includes coloured world maps, dictionaries of biography, geography and mythology and information on foreign words and phrases, abbreviations, Scripture and the history of Canada.A.M. Archibald Webster’s Dictionary antiquarian books, history of warrnambool

The mid 1900's provided the start of "the body beautiful" revolution. The cosmetic industry, with the help of quasi scientific selling advertising slant targeted those "customers" that needed the "extra care" factor that only their product could offer. At this period in time their advertising power was based on in store, radio and newspaper media channels with saturation levels relatively low. In the later years of the 1900's saturation levels and a wider range of products and increased competition further increased the product saturation levels available to the buying residents. With the introduction of television the advertisements become more elaborate and "catchy" words, phrases and comedy type situations helped boost the advertising "pitch" and subliminal undertones to effective levels required for a highly competitive health related market place. 'sellingThis subliminally,"medically" endorsed product was one of many during the great "spin" revolution of product marketing and selling. This item is significant in that it demonstrates that greater infusion of product awareness throughout rural areas was highly successful through a greater variety of advertising media. It also demonstrates that in a highly competitive marketplace there are no physical boundaries that impinge upon the distribution of products and services. The rural sector is a highly lucrative region for any product that helps protect the body from all the "nasty's" that become more noticeable in a rural environment. This rectangular box which had contained cuticle soap is constructed from cardboard and reinforced by a black nylon impregnated sheeting. This impregnation was required to keep the box from soaking up any water from the user's hands. The top section of the box(lid) has and in large print "KELSEY'S" top line followed by "CUTICLE" off to the right and underneath and to the right "SOAP". Below this and in smaller print is "MEDICINALLY..." below this and in smaller print "EMOLLIENT AND REFRESHING, REDOLENT, CLEANSES, CURES, PRESERVES, PURIFIES." and last line underneath "SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TENDER SKIN" On each of the sides of the top lid are, side 1 "INVALUABLE FOR THE NURSERY." underneath in smaller print "JOHN M. KELSEY CO." to the left of this and on a green backed highlighter "No. 1744 - Guaranteed under Pure Food Act, 1908, N.S.W. by John M. Kelsey Co. - No. 1744. Melbourne, Victoria." On the right side and in large print "KELSEY'S CUTICLE SOAP" on the next side and also a similar sign on the opposite side "SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TENDER SKIN." below this "JOHN M. KELSEY CO." "Registered" and on the other long side in large print "SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TENDER SKIN" underneath in smaller print JOHN M. KELSEY CO. Registered"specialised soap, toilet requisites, nursery health., bathroom, domestic

This biscuit/tea caddy was probably targeting the "theatre going" family or those who liked looking at the colourful shakespearian scenes. This item however demonstrates that the rural (Kiewa Valley) appreciation of classic English plays was, in this time period (early 1900's), just as strong as in the larger towns and cities. This item also presents the period in which the "olde" Elizabethian phrases and words were taught in regional high schools. Although this speech pattern and phraseology was of a specific time period and going out of fashion when Australia was first settled it was an inherited form of communication(higher social/economical level). In the context of the rural Australia "scene" and in this time frame of the elite "boarding school" generation this item was a visual reinforcement of the education level and position of the family who owned this tin.This item is highly significant because it not only presents the social aspects of early life in the Kiewa Valley but also the variety of educational levels and economical variations of the rural population within the Kiewa Valley. The egalitarian perception of the inhabitants of the Kiewa Valley was still at the infancy of early Australian social interactions. This biscuit /tea container was however a leveling of the socio-economic playing field of the time.This biscuit or tea tin, has besides having an outer lid (hinged), it also has an internal lid(with a circular finger grip). Although the shape is rectangular it has a slight concave bulge at each side of the centre of each of its main frame. It is made of pressed light steel and has a raised floor. The corners are bevelled and the outer lid has a bevelled slope ridge in parallel to the extremities of the main tin frame. There are painted scenes from the following Shakespearian plays on each side of the tin; "As you like it", "Hamlet" and on each of the bevelled corners are the portraits of Shakespeare(in the middle), the caricature mask faces of "the theatre" above and on the bottom section the "Director's chair"food storage, kitchen table container, domestic educational storage, shakespeare illustrations

Two articles about the origin of the Last Post collected by Bill Rogers. One's source is possibly Sydney Legacy. It says the last post is derived from the old custom of beating Tattoo. This word comes from the Dutch phrase - doe den tap toe, meaning turn the taps of the taverns off. Then when bugle calls were introduced two posts were written. "First Post symbolises the inspection of the last inn in the town. It was then a simple step for the Last Post to become associated with Military Funerals. Played at funerals the Last Post is followed by the call Rouser, a later version of Reveille, which symbolises the awakening of a new life." The other has the words to the Last Post and a similar story but not as detailed. Document was from a folder of documents donated to the archive by Legatee Bill Rogers that related to his time as President (March 2006 - March 2008) or as a legatee.A record that the traditions of the military was significant to the Legatees.Two A4 pages of the origin of the Last Post, one from Sydney Legacy.tradition, last post

The National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005 highlights that: of an original estimated 250 known Australian Indigenous languages, only 18 languages are now considered 'strong' and have speakers in all age groups; about 110 Indigenous languages are still spoken by older people but are endangered; words and phrases are still in use and there is community support in many parts of the country for reclamation and learning programs for many other languages which are no longer fully spoken; communities around Australia possess many of the elements required to keep Indigenous languages strong or to reclaim them. They have skilled and devoted language workers and teachers, excellent teaching materials, good documentation of languages and active community language centresmaps, colour photographs, tables, graphsaboriginal english, education, aiatsis, fatsil, language endangerment, language maintenance, language revival, language policy, language proficiency

This is a set of 18 photographs taken at the Army Survey Regiment (ASR) Officers Mess Ball held at the Fortuna Villa on the 17th of February 1990. Photos of personnel and their guests were taken on their arrival in the gardens at the front of the main building. The 3rd Military District Band provided the music. The formal photos were taken in Fortuna Villa’s cupola stairwell. Not seen in these photos is a set of small leadlight windows located above the main windows with four words – EAST WEST HOME BEST taken from an old phrase ‘East or West, Home is Best’. The Dinner was held at the rear of Fortuna Villa in temporary 20’ x 30’ Army tents set up on the roadway in front of the transport compound. The dance was held in the Ballroom on the top floor of Fortuna Villa with a civilian show band providing the music. The ASR’s Catering Corps, contractors and RASvy Other Ranks performed catering, stewarding and kitchen hand duties. Refer to items 9169.33P, 9170.41P, 9171.5P and 9172.12P for additional photographs taken at the Ball.This is a set of 18 photographs taken at the Officers Mess Ball held at the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna Villa on the 17th of February 1990. The colour photographs are on 35mm negative film and are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The photographs were scanned at 2400 dpi. .1) - Photo, colour, 1990. Unidentified guests enjoy pre-dinner drinks. .2) - Photo, colour, 1990. The 3rd Military District Band. .3) - Photo, colour, 1990. CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol and his partner Ruth in Fortuna Villa’s foyer. .4) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: Unidentified steward, CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol and his partner Ruth, Corps CMDT COL John Hillier (Retd), in Fortuna Villa’s foyer. .5) - Photo, colour, 1990. COMD 3MD BRIG P. Davies AM ADC with his partner sign the visitors book at the entrance to the Officers Mess. .6) - Photo, colour, 1990. Corps CMDT COL John Hillier (Retd) signs the visitors book at the entrance to the Officers Mess. .7) - Photo, colour, 1990. Ruth van den Tol signs the visitors book at the entrance to the Officers Mess, with CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol on her right. .8) - Photo, colour, 1990. CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol signs the visitors book at the entrance to the Officers Mess. .9) - Photo, colour, 1990. The Visitors Book at the entrance to the Officers Mess. .10) - Photo, colour, 1990. MAJ Neil Taylor and his partner at Fortuna Villa’s main entrance. .11) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: LT Colin Davidson, LT Simon Dobner. .12) - Photo, colour, 1990. LT Cameron Kelly. .13) - Photo, colour, 1990. LT Cameron Kelly and his partner. .14) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: CAPT Chris Parkinson, D-SVY COL Don Swiney MBE, unidentified guests. .15) - Photo, colour, 1990. Unidentified guests. .16) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: COMD 3MD BRIG P. Davies AM ADC, unidentified guests (x2), Glenys Thwaites. Pat Thwaites, unidentified guest. .17) - Photo, colour, 1990. CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol. .18) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: LT Steve Hledik, unidentified guests.There are no personnel identified. ‘Officers Ball Feb 90’ annotated on negative sleevesroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna

This is a set of five photographs taken at the Army Survey Regiment (ASR) Officers Mess Ball held at the Fortuna Villa on the 17th of February 1990. Photos of personnel and their guests were taken on their arrival in the gardens at the front of the main building. The 3rd Military District Band provided the music. The formal photos were taken in Fortuna Villa’s cupola stairwell. Not seen in these photos is a set of small leadlight windows located above the main windows with four words – EAST WEST HOME BEST taken from an old phrase ‘East or West, Home is Best’. The Dinner was held at the rear of Fortuna Villa in temporary 20’ x 30’ Army tents set up on the roadway in front of the transport compound. The Dinner Dance was held in the Ballroom on the top floor of Fortuna Villa with a civilian show band providing the music. The ASR’s Catering Corps, contractors and RASvy Other Ranks performed catering, stewarding and kitchen hand duties. Refer to items 9168.18P, 9169.33P, 9170.41P and 9172.12P for additional photographs taken at the Ball.This is a set of five photographs taken at the Officers Mess Ball held at the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna Villa on the 17th of February 1990. The colour photographs are on 35mm negative film and are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The photographs were scanned at 2400 dpi. .1) to .5) - Photo, colour, 1990. Unidentified guests dance to music provided by an unidentified civilian bandThere are no personnel identified. ‘Officers Ball Feb 90’ annotated on negative sleevesroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna

This is a set of 33 photographs taken at the Army Survey Regiment (ASR) Officers Mess Ball held at the Fortuna Villa on the 17th of February 1990. Photos of personnel and their guests were taken on their arrival in the gardens at the front of the main building. The 3rd Military District Band provided the music. The Dinner was held at the rear of Fortuna Villa in temporary 20’ x 30’ Army tents set up on the roadway in front of the transport compound. The dance was held in the Ballroom on the top floor of Fortuna Villa with a civilian show band providing the music. Contracted staff provided the catering, the ASR’s Catering Corps and RASvy Other Ranks performed stewarding and kitchen hand duties. This set of formal photos were taken in Fortuna Villa’s cupola stairwell. Not seen in these photos is a set of small leadlight windows located above the main windows with four words – EAST WEST HOME BEST taken from an old phrase ‘East or West, Home is Best’. Refer to items 9168.18P, 9170.41P, 9171.5P and 9172.12P for additional photographs taken at the Ball.This is a set of 33 photographs taken at the Officers Mess Ball held at the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna Villa on the 17th of February 1990. The colour photographs are on 35mm negative film and are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The photographs were scanned at 2400 dpi. .1) - Photo, colour, 1990. CO LTCOL Rene van den Tol and his partner Ruth. .2) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: D-SVY COL Don Swiney MBE and his partner Glen, MAJ Robin Blackburn and his partner. .3) - Photo, colour, 1990. COMD 3MD BRIG P. Davies AM ADC and his partner. .4) - Photo, colour, 1990. Unidentified US Navy Officer and his partner. .5) - Photo, colour, 1990. MAJ B.J. Donaldson – US Exchange and his partner. .6) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: Unidentified US Navy Officer and partner, unidentified, MAJ B.J. Donaldson – US Exchange and partner. .7) - Photo, colour, 1990. Unidentified guests. .8) - Photo, colour, 1990. MAJ Peter Gordon and his partner. .9) - Photo, colour, 1990. MAJ Duncan Burns and his partner Sandra. .10) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: MAJ Duncan Burns and his partner Sandra, MAJ Peter Gordon and his partner. .11) - Photo, colour, 1990. MAJ Bob Coote and his partner. .12) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: Unidentified guests, MAJ Bob Williams and his partner. .13) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: Unidentified guests. .14) - Photo, colour, 1990. CAPT Noel ‘Nesty’ Coulthard and his partner Jenny. .15) - Photo, colour, 1990. Unidentified guests. .16) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: Unidentified guests, CAPT Noel ‘Nesty’ Coulthard and his partner Jenny. .17) - Photo, colour, 1990. CAPT Roger Hancock and his partner. .18) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: LT Chris Topovsek and his partner, unidentified guests. .19) - Photo, colour, 1990. LT Marty Lyons and partner. .20) - Photo, colour, 1990. Unidentified guests. .21) - Photo, colour, 1990. Unidentified guests, LT Marty Lyons. .22) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: Tony Spurling and his partner Rhonda, unidentified guests. .23) - Photo, colour, 1990. Pat Thwaites and his partner Glenys. .24) - Photo, colour, 1990. L to R: Pat Thwaites and his partner Glenys, unidentified guests. .25) to .33) - Photo, colour, 1990. Unidentified guests.There are no personnel identified. ‘Officers Ball Feb 90’ annotated on negative sleevesroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna

Hard cover book, Coltons General Atlas. Author: G. Woolworth Colton Publisher: G.W. & C.B. Colton, New York USA. Date: 1866 Light brown cloth hardcover and spine, spine has black repair tape, front cover has reinforced corners in black.non-fictionColton’s General Atlas is a 19th century commercial world atlas by G. Woolworth Colton, with descriptive text by Richard Swainson Fisher, and it was issued in multiple editions through the late 1800s. The atlas began as Colton’s earlier Atlas of the World in 1855–1856, then was reduced to a single volume work under the title “Colton’s General Atlas” starting in 1857. The subject work is an 1866 copy, and is a later edition in a long running atlas series. The 1866 edition is bibliographically useful because it sits in the transitional period after Colton’s firm had already changed hands and reorganised, and references note that the 1866 issue differs from 1865, particularly in western mapping. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, coltons general atlas, weights and measures, atlas

It took 15 years to invent the can. It took 100 more to invent a standard way to open it. In the 19th century, decades after the invention of canning, there were virtually no can openers. Canned food, such as sardines, came with its own "key" to peel back the tin lid. Birth of the can One of the oddest things about the can opener is that the can predates it by almost 150 years. Though common today, cans were once military-grade technology. In 1795, Napoleon, to whom the phrase "an army marches on its stomach" is attributed, offered 12,000 francs to anyone who could find a way to preserve food. Without any knowledge of bacteria or their role in food spoilage, scientists didn't even know where to begin. It took 15 years before a chef named Nicholas Appert claimed the prize after successfully jarring food. Soon after that, his countryman Philippe de Girard came up with a variant on Appert's method—metal tins—and sold the idea to the British. Spoiled food, and the sickness it caused, was a widespread problem. The public would have benefited from canned food, but for decades cans were almost exclusively for the army and the navy. The canning process, with its hours of boiling and steaming, its scrupulous cleanliness, its heated metal, and its need for a great deal of disposable material, made canned food far too expensive for anyone but the military. No can openers were needed or even possible. The metal of early cans was too thick to make openers practical. Soldiers and sailors had plenty of sharp objects on hand and made ample use of them when they wanted to eat. During the 19th century, the process of canning was refined and mechanised, and the metal wall of the average can slimmed down enough that a civilian could get it open—if that civilian had the right tool. No one had that tool yet, so early cans had to open themselves. In other words, they came with built-in openers. The result was a confusing but pleasing free-for-all, in terms of product engineering. Each type of food came with its own kind of can, and each kind of can came with its own kind of opener. Tinned fish and meat were often sold in rectangular cans. These cans were fitted with a "key" that would roll down the top of the can. Coffee, beans, and other types of meat were packaged in cylinders with metal strips that could be peeled back with their own kinds of built-in keys. Cans of milk, which didn't need to be completely opened, came with puncture devices. As tinned food became more common, its containers became more regular. A nice cylindrical can became the norm, and, as these cans filled kitchens, more engineers put their minds to finding a convenient way to open all of them. The first standalone can opener worked on a simple principle: point, stab, and pull. From the mid-19th century to the end of World War I, the typical can opener looked roughly like a wrench, if the lower 'jaw' of the wrench were replaced with a blade. People used the blade to puncture the top of the can near its edge, push the upper jaw against the side of the can, and drag the blade through the metal along the rim. Because meat was the first and most popular canned substance, these can openers were often shaped to look like cows and given the nickname 'bully beef can openers'. The bully beef can opener, popular in the mid-19th century, resulted in many lost fingers. Later, a corkscrew was added that was seated in the handle, and could be pulled out for use. Bully beef can openers were so common, effective, and sturdy that they are still frequently available on collectors' sites. Some are advertised as “still working,” and every last one of them is, without a doubt, soaked in the blood of our ancestors. Dragging a sharp blade along the edge of a can is certain to cause injury sooner or later. So once people got a reliable can shape and a reliable way to get the can open, the search was on for a reliable way to get a can open without the possibility of losing a finger. The answer came in 1925, from the Star Can Opener Company of San Francisco. This is probably the first can opener that resembles the one people have in their kitchens today. Instead of using a blade to pry open a metal can, buyers could clamp the edge of the can between two wheels and twist the handle of one of the wheels to move the blade around the lip. The Star can openers weren't perfect. Compared to the bully beef model, they were flimsy and breakable, but they probably prevented a few injuries. Six short years after the Star model came to market, the first electric can opener was invented. It was patented in 1931 by the Bunker Clancey Company of Kansas City, who had already been sued by the Star Can Opener Company for trying sell a double-wheeled can opener like the Star model (the case was dismissed). The electric can opener must have seemed like the wave of the future and a sure-fire seller, but it proved to be too far ahead of its time. In 1931 not that many households had electricity, and those that did weren't interested in buying can openers. The Bunker Clancey Company was subsequently bought by the Rival Company, which still makes small appliances like can openers today. It took another 25 years for electrically powered can openers to become practical. In the 1950s, Walter Hess Bodle and his daughter, Elizabeth Bodle, developed an electric can opener in the family garage. Walter came up with the opener's blades and motor, and Elizabeth sculpted the outside. Their can opener was a free-standing unit that could sit on the kitchen counter. The Udico brand of the Union Die Casting Company put it on the market in time for Christmas in 1956 and had great success with it. Over the next few years it came out in different styles and colours, and, like the bully beef can opener, has become a collector's item. Also like the bully beef model, Udico can openers often still work. They don't make 'em like they used to. Although there have been some design changes and refinements over the last sixty years, there have yet to be any more leaps forward in can opener technology. If you're resentfully opening a can, you are almost certainly doing it using the Star design, manually forcing the can between two wheels, or the Bodle design, clamping the can into a free-standing electrical opener. Whether or not you enjoy your holiday meals, at least you can be happy that you are not getting poisoned by your own food or cutting open your hand with the blade you use to get at it. That's something, right?The can opener, Bottle opener and the corkscrew are still very important and essential items in most kitchens.Metal can opener, chromed, with bottle opener, and a corkscrew seated in the handle.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, canning, can opener, corkscrew, bottle opener, kitchen equipment

It took 15 years to invent the can. It took 100 more to invent a standard way to open it. In the 19th century, decades after the invention of canning, there were virtually no can openers. Canned food, such as sardines, came with its own "key" to peel back the tin lid. Birth of the can One of the oddest things about the can opener is that the can predates it by almost 150 years. Though common today, cans were once military-grade technology. In 1795, Napoleon, to whom the phrase "an army marches on its stomach" is attributed, offered 12,000 francs to anyone who could find a way to preserve food. Without any knowledge of bacteria or their role in food spoilage, scientists didn't even know where to begin. It took 15 years before a chef named Nicholas Appert claimed the prize after successfully jarring food. Soon after that, his countryman Philippe de Girard came up with a variant on Appert's method—metal tins—and sold the idea to the British. Spoiled food, and the sickness it caused, was a widespread problem. The public would have benefited from canned food, but for decades cans were almost exclusively for the army and the navy. The canning process, with its hours of boiling and steaming, its scrupulous cleanliness, its heated metal, and its need for a great deal of disposable material, made canned food far too expensive for anyone but the military. No can openers were needed or even possible. The metal of early cans was too thick to make openers practical. Soldiers and sailors had plenty of sharp objects on hand and made ample use of them when they wanted to eat. During the 19th century, the process of canning was refined and mechanised, and the metal wall of the average can slimmed down enough that a civilian could get it open—if that civilian had the right tool. No one had that tool yet, so early cans had to open themselves. In other words, they came with built-in openers. The result was a confusing but pleasing free-for-all, in terms of product engineering. Each type of food came with its own kind of can, and each kind of can came with its own kind of opener. Tinned fish and meat were often sold in rectangular cans. These cans were fitted with a "key" that would roll down the top of the can. Coffee, beans, and other types of meat were packaged in cylinders with metal strips that could be peeled back with their own kinds of built-in keys. Cans of milk, which didn't need to be completely opened, came with puncture devices. As tinned food became more common, its containers became more regular. A nice cylindrical can became the norm, and, as these cans filled kitchens, more engineers put their minds to finding a convenient way to open all of them. The first standalone can opener worked on a simple principle: point, stab, and pull. From the mid-19th century to the end of World War I, the typical can opener looked roughly like a wrench, if the lower 'jaw' of the wrench were replaced with a blade. People used the blade to puncture the top of the can near its edge, push the upper jaw against the side of the can, and drag the blade through the metal along the rim. Because meat was the first and most popular canned substance, these can openers were often shaped to look like cows and given the nickname 'bully beef can openers'. The bully beef can opener, popular in the mid-19th century, resulted in many lost fingers. Bully beef can openers were so common, effective, and sturdy that they are still frequently available on collectors' sites. Some are advertised as “still working,” and every last one of them is, without a doubt, soaked in the blood of our ancestors. Dragging a sharp blade along the edge of a can is certain to cause injury sooner or later. So once people got a reliable can shape and a reliable way to get the can open, the search was on for a reliable way to get a can open without the possibility of losing a finger. The answer came in 1925, from the Star Can Opener Company of San Francisco. This is probably the first can opener that resembles the one people have in their kitchens today. Instead of using a blade to pry open a metal can, buyers could clamp the edge of the can between two wheels and twist the handle of one of the wheels to move the blade around the lip. The Star can openers weren't perfect. Compared to the bully beef model, they were flimsy and breakable, but they probably prevented a few injuries. Six short years after the Star model came to market, the first electric can opener was invented. It was patented in 1931 by the Bunker Clancey Company of Kansas City, who had already been sued by the Star Can Opener Company for trying sell a double-wheeled can opener like the Star model (the case was dismissed). The electric can opener must have seemed like the wave of the future and a sure-fire seller, but it proved to be too far ahead of its time. In 1931 not that many households had electricity, and those that did weren't interested in buying can openers. The Bunker Clancey Company was subsequently bought by the Rival Company, which still makes small appliances like can openers today. It took another 25 years for electrically powered can openers to become practical. In the 1950s, Walter Hess Bodle and his daughter, Elizabeth Bodle, developed an electric can opener in the family garage. Walter came up with the opener's blades and motor, and Elizabeth sculpted the outside. Their can opener was a free-standing unit that could sit on the kitchen counter. The Udico brand of the Union Die Casting Company put it on the market in time for Christmas in 1956 and had great success with it. Over the next few years it came out in different styles and colours, and, like the bully beef can opener, has become a collector's item. Also like the bully beef model, Udico can openers often still work. They don't make 'em like they used to. Although there have been some design changes and refinements over the last sixty years, there have yet to be any more leaps forward in can opener technology. If you're resentfully opening a can, you are almost certainly doing it using the Star design, manually forcing the can between two wheels, or the Bodle design, clamping the can into a free-standing electrical opener. Whether or not you enjoy your holiday meals, at least you can be happy that you are not getting poisoned by your own food or cutting open your hand with the blade you use to get at it. That's something, right?The can opener is still a very important and essential item in most kitchens.Can opener, right handed, metal, upper blade section serrated, inscription 'Peerless Pat.Feb 11-90'.Peerless Pat.Feb 11-90flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, cannning, can opener, kitchen equipment

Hard cover book with paper jacketnon-fictionThis concise English dictionary contains a vocabulary of some hundred and thirty thousand words and phrases. The definitions are given clearly and concisely.

A detailed study and dictionary of English words that have been borrowed from Australian languages. Entries organised by category and include quotes from relevant sources. Etymologies and source languages given wherever possible.B&w illustrations, maps, word listswords and phrases, linguistics, sociolinguistics

p.372.non-fictionA glossary of military slangworld war 1914-1918 - dictionaries, world war 1914-1918 - slang

Latin-English Dictionary Author: William Smith Publisher: John Murray Date: 1871 Further Information: Black front cover and brown Spine with gilt lettering and library reference label. non-fictionThis 1871 English-Latin dictionary by William Smith and Theophilus D. Hall is a reference work for translating English words and phrases into Latin, with definitions, usage notes and classical examples to guide correct classical Latin style. It is not a narrative book; it is a scholarly language tool designed for students, teachers and translators.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, latin-english dictionary, william smith