Showing 1647 items
matching 1812-1855
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Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINER'S RIGHT - SHOW YOUR LICENCE
Handwritten notes Titled 'Show Your License'. License introduced in 1851 at 30 shillings a month. All had to pay gold license. In 1855, the fee was abolished and was replaced by the Miner's Right. Also some newspaper reports: Duke of Edinburgh's visit, Engineers & Drivers Meeting, accidents, inrush of water at the Victoria Quartz.document, gold, miner's right, miner's right, show your license, royal hotel, young chum, comet, robin hood, extended hustlers, lazarus, sth belle vue, true blue, unity, garden gully united, victoria queen, david clapperton, thomas clapperton, new chum consolidated, gt ext'd hustlers, victoria quartz, new chum railway, new chum united, lansell's 222, lazarus, old chum, new chum & victoria, devonshire mines, belmont & saxby -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - SHAMROCK HOTEL COLLECTION: DINNER MENU JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS
Shamrock Hotel, Pall Mall, Bendigo /small cardboard dinner menu Jubilee 1855-1905 Dinner in celebration of The Jubilee of the Municipality and the First Official Visit of His Excellency Major General The Hon. Sir Reginald Arthur James Talbot, RCB Governor of Victoria. Showing City of Bendigo Progress emblem on the front.ephemera, mementoes, jubilee 1855-1905 dinner in celebration of the jubilee of the municipality and the first official visit of his excellency major general the hon sir reginald arthur james talbot , rcb govenor of victoria / city of bendigo progress emblem -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document - List, Key people and dates, J Kitchen & Sons, 12 Sep 1941
List of key people's names and important company (i.e. J Kitchen & Sons) dates from 1855. On three typed pages dated 12th September 1941. Names of longest serving employees included ; J Egan - Still House - 47 years; Miss G Jones - Toilet Department - 28 years.industry - manufacturing, business and traders - soaps/candles, j kitchen & sons pty ltd, apollo candle co -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - A YANKEE MERCHANT IN GOLDRUSH AUSTRALIA - BOOK REVIEW, 08/1972
Handwritten review of 'A Yankee Merchant in Goldrush Australia' published by William Heinemann. It is a collection of letters from George Francis Train to the 'Boston Post' telling of his experiences and of life in general in Australia from 21/5/1853 to 8/11/1855. His description of Bendigo came from an informant and not a personal visit.document, a yankee merchant in goldrush australia - book review, i hendry, william heinemann, george francis train, boston post -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Document, Recollections and notes on the history of Mitcham, n.d
1. John McClare, brief history of his settling in Australia in 18551. John McClare, brief history of his settling in Australia in 1855|2. Roll at St John's Catholic School Sep 30 1880, Jan 1 1886 and Mar 31 1888.History of Mitcham township. History of train journey from Mitcham to Melbourne.A copy of a second book is included as ND1522.1. John McClare, brief history of his settling in Australia in 1855mcclare, john, st johns catholic school, mitcham, mitcham, boxshall, hilda -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING. GOLD, c1855
Diggers & Mining. Gold. ''Mount Macedon from the Black Forest 1855'' shows. Writing on picture Mount Macedon from the Black Forest. Signed James ? Depicts Black? Store with travellers many of them Chinese. The slide has blue pen markings on it. Markings: 7 994.GOL. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING. STORES AT THE DIGGINGS, c1855
Diggers & Mining. Stores at the diggings. STG Site of Bentley's Hotel, Eureka, 1855. The Eureka Hotel stood here; but a crowd or angry diggers burnt it to the ground on October 17, 1854. Why? Slide shows dog, ox and diggers. Buildings in the background. Markings: 45 994.LIF. 5. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING. STORES AT THE DIGGINGS, c1855
Diggers & Mining. Stores at the diggings. A hotel at Kangaroo Flat, near Bendigo c. 1855. Slide shows a Shop called Gunn's, and a hotel called Glascow Arms Hotel. Tents in the background on the left, miners, horse, some oxen, a dog and birds. Markings: 43 994.LIF. 5. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Clunes Museum
Ephemera - CALENDAR, NATIONAL AUSTRALIA BANK, AUSTRALIANS AT WORK 1835 - 1930, 1991
EACH MONTH HAS A REPRODUCTION OF A DIFFERENT PAINTING BY AUSRALIAN ARTISTS INCLUDING A COPY OF EDWIN STOCQUELER'S WORK OF AUSTRALIAN GOLD DIGGERS CA 1855 NOTABLY, JAMES ESMOND IS REFERRED TO AS THE FINDER OF GOLD AT CLUNES, VICTORIA IN 1855NATIONAL AUSTRALIA BANK CALENDAR 1991local history, document, calendar -
City of Ballarat
Artwork, other - Public Artwork, Andor Mészáros, Shakespeare by Andor Mészáros, 1960
The well known sculpture of English playwright William Shakespeare takes an elaborate bow before the Civic Hall, a performance and community center for Ballarat. The unique abstract and elongated mannerist style used in this cast bronze sculpture hints at the art deco style of the Hall behind. The sculptor, Andor Mészáros, was from Budapest but created much of his work in Melbourne. He also created works for Canterbury Cathedral in the UK and several carved stone sculptures for Sydney Hospital. The artwork was commissioned in 1959 through a widely publicised competition and installed in 1960. In addition to making sculptures, Mészáros was also renown as a creator of medallions. In 1951 he received 'the highest award' at the International Medallion Exhibition, Madrid and in 1964 he won the 'purchase prize' at the International Medallion Competition, Arezzo, Italy. From 1970 Mészáros worked with his younger son Michael, also a sculptor. In 2002, the City of Ballarat granted permission for Michael Mészáros to make a cast of the Ballarat Shakespeare artwork to create replica installed in Budapest. The Budapest installation commemorates Shakespeare's connection to the City and the achievements of Andor Mészáros. The artwork was unveiled by Mayor Arthur W. Nicholson. The statue was presented by L.F. North, general Manager of the Fidelity Trustee Company Limited, representing the late H.P. Stevens as one of the benefactors whose generosity enabled the Statue to be erected.The artwork is of aesthetic significance to the people of BallaratLarge bronze statue of William Shakespeare mounted on a stone plinthWilliam Shakespeare 1564-1616. Erected by benefactions from Harry Pearson Stevens who settled here 1855 and other Citizens unveiled by Arthur W. Nicholson J.P. Mayor.17.11.1960shakespeare, andor mészáros, civic hall, ballarat -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - THE LUTHERAN CHURCH IN BENDIGO 1856 - 1990, 1990
First Lutheran service was held 31/12/1855.The Lutheran Church in Bendigo 1856 - 1986. 55 pages with photos, illustrations and maps.Pastor C.G. Schmidtbendigo, church, lutheran, bendigo, lutheran church, church -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Equipment - Rudder Pintles and Gudgeons, Alexander Hall and Son, ca. 1855
This set of pairs of pintles and gudgeons was recovered from the wreck of the sailing ship Schomberg and was part of its rudder steering system. A reconstruction that includes four pairs is currently on display at Flagstaff Hill. The rudder installation of the Schomberg was almost seven metres tall. A pintle and gudgeon pair is a mechanical fitting that works like a pair of door hinges. One of the uses for this type of fitting is for ships’ rudders. On a ship, one or several gudgeons would be attached to the vertical rudder stempost on the rear of the ship’s hull. On the ship's rudder, an equal number of pintles would be fitted onto it. The rudder assembly would then fit down into the gudgeons on the ship and would be connected to its steering mechanism, allowing it to be moved from side to side and steer the vessel. The SCHOMBERG- The three-masted clipper ship Schomberg was built in 1855 by Alexander Hall and Co in Aberdeen, Scotland, for James Baines' famous Black Ball line. It measured 288 feet (88 meters) in length, with a beam of 45 feet (14 meters), a depth of 29.5 feet (8.99 meters) and 2,284 tons. The mainmast was 210 feet (64 meters) high and the ship carried 3.3 acres of sail. The wooden vessel was constructed with three skins; one planked fore and aft, and two diagonally planked. All skins were fastened together with screw-threaded trunnels (wooden rails). The Schomberg was one of only three clippers wrecked in Victorian waters that operated the England-to-Australia run. It was built to outrun Donald MacKay’s two American-built ships, the Empress of the Sea and the Lightning. It was hoped that Schomberg would make Liverpool to Melbourne voyage in sixty days, setting a record for the voyage. The Schomberg sailed from Liverpool on 6 October 1855 on her maiden voyage, under the command of Captain James Forbes. Her general cargo for Australia included jewellery, spirits, machinery, and 2,000 tons of iron rails and equipment for building the Melbourne to Geelong Railway and a bridge over the Yarra from Melbourne to Hawthorn, and17,000 letters and 31,800 newspapers. She also carried a cow for fresh milk, pens for fowls and pigs, plus 90,000 gallons of water for washing and drinking on board. There were approximately 473 passengers, including migrants for Australia, and a crew of 105. Light winds encountered at the equator dashed the expectations of a record-breaking voyage. On Christmas day the ship sighted Moonlight Head in southwest Victoria and even though there was a deadly combination of wind, currents and unmarked sand spits, the vessel continued on. Then the next day, December 26th 1855, the huge ship gently ran aground on a spit that juts into Newfield Bay, east of Curdies Inlet and the present town of Peterborough. Fortunately, the coastal trader, SS Queen, was nearby and managed to save all passengers and crew. In 1975 Flagstaff Hill’s former Director Peter Ronald and the team of divers recovered many objects and artefacts from the wreck of the Schomberg such as the ship’s fittings, equipment and personal effects including a diamond hidden for years in a communion set. This set of pintles and gudgeons is an example of steering equipment used on ships over 150 years ago, equipment that is still in use in today's shipping industry as well as many other everyday hardware applications.. The equipment is significant for its association with the ill-fated vessel Schomberg, which was wrecked in the local water in 1855 on its maiden voyage. The ship was built for speed and luxury, to sail on journeys with passengers, including migrants, travelling from Liverpool to Melbourne.Pintles and gudgeons, six pairs, plus one single pintle, from the wreck of the SCHOMBERG. Cast iron horse-shoe-shaped fittings with tapered ends. each with metal bars between the long sides. One piece of each pair has a round hollow cylinder and the other has a round solid shank. The single pintle has a tall shank with a pintle hook through it. Some pieces have remnants of grey paint.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, schomberg, shipwreck, pintles, gudgeons, ship's rudder, ship's steering, clipper ship, james bain, black ball line, alexander hall and co., capt. james bully forbes, rudder pintles and gudgeons, rudder steering, pintles and braces, immigrant ship, maiden voyage, peterborough, 1855, marine technology -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - JENNY FOLEY COLLECTION: SHAMROCK HOTEL
Bendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2000. Shamrock Hotel: in May 1855 this room was lighted with gas - the first record of the introduction of this illuminant. The Shamrock Hotel in 1861 hosted the sole survivor of the ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition, John King, on his return to Melbourne after his rescue. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - GUINEY COLLECTION: INVITATION, 1910
Invitation from Mr Morley Johnson to Mr J Guiney to the opening of his new premises at Mitchell Street Bendigo. 14.9.1910 MORLEY JOHNSON'S NEW PREMISES. OFFICIAL OPENING. BENDIGO'S FORWARD POLICY. OPTIMISTIC SPEECHES. Article - Bendigo Advertiser (Vic. : 1855 - 1918)Thursday 15 September 1910 - Page 3 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING. THE GOLD LICENCE, c1857
Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Government Camp, Castlemaine, 1857. After 1855, the Government Camps remained as centres of goldfields administration. Slide shows mining at Castlemaine in the background you can see buildings that could be the start of the Castlemaine township. Markings: 44 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Royal District Nursing Service (now known as Bolton Clarke)
Photograph - Photograph, black and white, 30 08 1967
The rock and attached plaque to Caroline Chisholm stand in front of the Royal District Nursing Service (RDNS) Essendon Centre. It was unveiled at the opening of the Centre on the 30 August 1967.The plaque has a deep silver colour background, light silver colour writing with gold coloured edging.Caroline Chisholm visited the goldfields of Victoria in 1854 and was horrified by the conditions en-route. The Memorial plaque to Caroline Chisholm, in front of the RDNS Essendon Centre which is situated on Crown Land, is in recognition for her work in establishing, with Government assistance, shelter sheds about a days walk apart, to enable the prospectors and their families heading for the goldfields shelter on their way. Caroline Chisholm, a Philanthropist, began her work in Madras in 1834 founding a Female School of Industry for the daughters of European soldiers. They were taught to read, write, cook, keep house and were given instructions in nursing. After coming to Sydney in 1838, she set up accommodation for poor young unemployed migrant women and families. This work was extended when she arranged employment for assisted immigrant women and families into the countryside, many times travelling with groups of young women to check their employment conditions. In seven years she placed 11,000 people in homes and employment. On her return to England she fought for, and won, free passage to Australia for wives and children of former convicts, and for children left behind in England by circumstances, when the family migrated. She established the Family Colonisation Loan Society in 1849, which set up a saving scheme for emigrants, and later loaned them half of their passage to Australia. The Society's Agents found them employment on arrival, and the loan was paid back within two years by a humane payment scheme. At first they used emigrant ships, but then the Society provided ships with much improved conditions, and this led to the upgrading of the passenger Act.. The Chisholm's lived in Kyneton for several years, returning to Sydney for health reasons, before going back to England where Caroline died, aged 68 years, on the 25th of March 1877.Black and white photograph of the Memorial plaque to Caroline Chisholm. The rectangular plaque sits on a rough light grey rock, and has light colour writing and edging, on a dark grey background. The inscription on the plaque is in five lines and reads: "On this site in the year 1855"/, "Mrs Caroline Chisholm"/, "Established a Shelter for"/, "Diggers and their families"/ "Travelling to the Goldfields"/.Photographers stamp. Quote No. GJ 56rdns, royal district nursing service, rdns centre, caroline chisholm, memorial plaque -
Disability Sport & Recreation Victoria
Grey medal case, Grey medal case containing silver medal from 1963 Victorian Paraplegic Games - Basketball - Kevin Coombs, 1960
Kevin Richard Coombs, OAM (born 30 May 1941) is an Australian wheelchair basketballer and athlete who competed at 5 Paralympics including the first Paralympic Games in 1960. He was the first Australian Aboriginal Paralympic competitor for Australia.Grey plastic medal case.The lid on the case is inscribed with the word "TROPHY" and a laurel wreath. The bottom of the case is inscribed with "Casecraft. CAT. No 102". The interior of the case includes the text "Stokes (Australasia) Limited - medallists and silversmtihs est. 1855:.kevin coombs, victorian paraplegic games -
Disability Sport & Recreation Victoria
Grey medal case, Grey medal case containing gold medal from 1963 Victorian Paraplegic Games - Shot Put - Kevin Coombs, 1960
Kevin Richard Coombs, OAM (born 30 May 1941) is an Australian wheelchair basketballer and athlete who competed at 5 Paralympics including the first Paralympic Games in 1960. He was the first Australian Aboriginal Paralympic competitor for Australia.Grey plastic medal case.The lid on the case is inscribed with the word "TROPHY" and a laurel wreath. The bottom of the case is inscribed with "Casecraft. CAT. No 102". The interior of the case includes the text "Stokes (Australasia) Limited - medallists and silversmtihs est. 1855:.kevin coombs, victorian paraplegic games -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Main Breakwater construction, Portland, n.d
Port of Portland ArchivesFront: Testing a driven concrete pile with 150 tons load. Photo B. Learmonth. Illustration used in 'The story of a Port' by Noel Learmonth.'- Pencil '1/2 p' '1855'- Blue Biro 'KSA'- Pencil Back: Testing a driven concrete pile with 150 tons load. Photo B. Learmonth. Ill ustration used in the story of a Port by Noel Learmonth - Pencil 1/2 P 1855- Blue Byro Ksa Pencilport of portland archives, breakwater, construction, harbour development -
Linton and District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Messrs J. and W. Todd
Part of S E Surman collection (album) page 13 top right. John (born 1854) and William Todd (born 1855) were the sons of William and Sarah Todd, who migrated to Victoria in 1853 and were living at Linton's Diggings by 1855.Sepia photograph of a young man wearing suit, long boots and hat standing with right arm crooked hand on hip, leaning left arm on back of chair where a second bearded man wearing suit and hat, sits with legs crossed, right hand on lap."Uncle Jack and Dad (W) Mr W Todd seated, Mr J Todd Standing". surman collection, john todd, william todd -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - TRANSCRIPT: LETTER FROM JOHN CATO (CATA/CATER?)
TRANSCRIPT - LETTER FROM JOHN CATO (CATA/Cater?)- a transcription of a letter which is 'in the Society's care'. Dated 'Ashburton Sept 13 or 15th - ca. 1855/56. To 'Dear Brothers and Sisters'. Mention in letter of 'many about to leave Ashburton for Sydney' with a Mr Eales, otherwise family and local information of no obvious reference to Bendigo or Australia.person, individual, john cato -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MELBOURNE TO BENDIGO RAILWAY
Document, The Construction of the Melbourne to Bendigo Railway. In July 1855, a public meeting chaired by Mr. Valentine was addressed by Dr. Backhaus, Mr.Bissell, Mr. Wolfe, Mr. Harney, Dr. Hunt and Mr. Mackay. Due to the enthusiasm of the speakers for the proposal and the acclaim of those present, it was decided to send the resolution to the Governor on the desirability of a rail link from Melbourne to Bendigo.Prepared by The Bendigo Historical Society Inc.document, names of bendigo pioneers, melbourne to bendigo railway -
Anglesea and District Historical Society
Stereoscope with Cards
After the invention of a camera that printed on paper in 1855, photographers started producing stereo prints on cards. These cards were made of two identical photographs placed in a 3D viewer. By looking throough the viewer with two eyes, one gained the impression of three dimensional depth. This early form of stereo photography remained popular until the 1930s.stereoscope -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING: THE DIGGINGS - THE DIGGERS
Diggers & Mining: The Digging - The Diggers. Slide; Market Square, Castlemaine, 1855. Sign on side of Shop reads: Earthen Ware and Glass Ware, other buildings are in the Market Square some two stories. People, wagons, dog and two trees. Black and white slide. Markings: 41 994.LIF:6. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING. GETTING THE GOLD, c1853
Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: This led to the practice of ''shepherding'' which was particularly widespread at Ballarat from 1853 to 1855. When a lead had been found, parties quickly marked out claims in advance of the furthest point at which the gutter was being worked - - - Markings: 51 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING. STORES AT THE DIGGINGS, c1855111
Diggers & Mining. Stores at the diggings. ''Store Drays Camped on the Road to Ballarat'', 1855. Slide: Store dray resting on side of road with un covered wagon racing past. STG. Store Drays Camped on roadside to Ballaarat. James - Blum----Dell. Melbourne 1885. Markings: 41 994.LIF. 5. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - Bendigo Chinese Presentation - Author unknown, abt 1990s
Sun Loong (simplified Chinese: traditional Chinese:) derived from the Cantonese pronunciation of "New Dragon", is an imperial parade dragon that was used in the Bendigo Easter parade from 1970 through 2019. It was believed to be the longest imperial parade dragon in the world, measuring approximately 100 metres (330 ft) long. Sun Loong was used in the traditional Chinese dragon dance and superseded Bendigo's earlier Loong in 1970; Loong is heritage listed as it is believed to be the oldest complete imperial parade dragon in the world. On 21 April 2019, a new dragon named Dai Gum Loong made its debut at the Bendigo parade and took over the title of longest dragon at 125 m (410 ft). Both Loong and Sun Loong are on permanent display at the Golden Dragon Museum in Bendigo.Bendigo Chinese Presentation - Author unknown. An A4 sheet with details of the Chinese community in Bendigo; details of the 1855 Victorian Government Chinese Restriction Act - Source: Australian Law through 200 years - Vijaya Nagarajan 1989. Also a photo clipping of the Chinese Dragon Sun Loong with the curator of the Bendigo Chinese Museum, Ralph Beh.history, bendigo, chinese, sun loong, chinese restriction act -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Wood Sample, 1854
This timber fragment is from the shipwreck of the SCHOMBERG (1855). The bow of the ship broke off after an unsuccessful salvage attempt to tow her off the Peterborough reef. At the wreck-site the submerged hull points north towards the beach but the front section is missing. Parts of the bow have been carried away by the eastward bearing ocean currents and have come ashore on the western coast of New Zealand’s South Island. Don Charlwood writes in Wrecks & Reputations (1977) that in 1871 “a piece of wreckage over 20 feet long and 12 feet wide was brought out” by land from its remote location at Tauperika Creek. In 1875 “an even larger section was brought out by sea”. It was suggested at the time that these relics of a large wooden sailing ship were from the wreck of the SCHOMBERG some 20 years earlier on the Victorian coast. “To corroborate the theory”, Charlwood continues, “a piece was sent to Halls of Aberdeen [the ship’s builders in Scotland]. They identified it as having come from the ship they had launched with such pride in 1852.” Charlwood, whose great-grandparents were passengers on the SCHOMBERG’s fateful maiden voyage, acquired some samples of the wreckage timber recovered in New Zealand, and brought them back with him to Australia. In 1976 “comparison was made of timbers from the New Zealand find and timber from the remains of the hull at Peterborough. They proved to be from the same ship.” The extraordinary journey of these pieces of wood from the once mighty clipper ship SCHOMBERG came to an end in 1984, when they were given to Flagstaff Hill by the author, and reunited with other shipwreck timbers and copper bolts from the vessel that are on display at the Maritime Village. The shipwreck of the SCHOMBERG is of State significance - Victorian Heritage Register S612The artefact is a small piece of wood that was broken from the timbers of the shipwreck of the SCHOMBERG (1855) and carried by the eastern currents to New Zealand (1875). It has 2 drilled holes that show faint screw marks and no metallic residue (possibly for patent treenails). The top surface is rounded, of a dark colour, and showing clear grains that have been worn smooth by the action of the sea. There is a reddish stain on the timber where breakage has occurred. The wood appears to have been strong in its original condition but is now light to lift and soft and crumbly at its exposed edges. The artefact is in fragile condition.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, schomberg, shipwreck timber, don charlwood, ‘wrecks & reputations’ -
Clunes Museum
Document - INDENTED DOCUMENT, 1885
THE INDENTURE REFERRING TO THE NAGS HEAD HOTEL, CLUNES. DRAWN UP IN 1855AN INDENTURE DRAWN UP BETWEEN ROBERT SALKELD LICENSED PUBLICAN AND CHRISTOPHER BASSETT, MINER.NILlocal history, agreement, nags head hotel -
Public Record Office Victoria
Report, 4 December 1854
VA Governor (including Lieutenant Governor 1851-1855 and Governor's Office)Eureka Stockade:Report from C.Pasley to the Honorable Colonial Secretary about the aftermath of the battleshow of force