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Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Clothing - Combination Undergarment, Eliza Towns, Late 19th century
This item of underclothing, called a "combination" is one of several linen and clothing items that were made and belonged to Mrs. Eliza Towns and donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village. Eliza was born Eliza Gould in 1857 in South Melbourne (Emerald Hill) and in 1879 married Charles Towns. In the early 1880's they moved to Nhill in western Victoria and remained there for the rest of their married life. Charles was a jeweller and later became an accountant and for many years was involved with the Shire Council, the local show committee (A & P Society), the Hospital Committee and the Board of the local newspaper (the Nhill Free Press). They had three children and lived a life that would be regarded as comfortably "middle class". Eliza probably had a treadle sewing machine and would have made many of her own clothes as well as clothes for her children - adding her own handmade embroidered or crocheted decorative trim. Combination undergarments combined the chemise and drawers into one garment. The combination is divided, or bifurcated, from the waist to the crutch for easier urinating. This one-piece type of underwear was worn by females from the 1860s and into the early 1900s. The 19th Century garments had front button closures like this one, and those made in the 1900s more often had back closures. Combination underwear was popular because the all-in-one design had far fewer gathers and bulk, making the other clothing look much smoother. Their primary use was to protect clothing from perspiration and because they were made with cotton or linen, were easy to wash. Although they were worn under the corset, next to the skin (and therefore not meant to be seen), they were often decorated with lace and embroidery. Although these combinations are made with a plain cotton fabric, Eliza Towns has incorporated pin tucks, hand embroidery and crocheted lace to embellish her garment. The collection of women’s late-19th-century undergarments is an example of clothing that women would include in their wardrobes. The garments add to the study of the evolution of women's fashions and practicality for the early Australian settlers. The careful needlework in these handmade garments and hand-worked lace trims reflect the maker’s dedication to making even serviceable garments beautiful to look at and wear.Women’s white cotton and lace all-In-one combination undergarment. The handmade underwear is a combined chemise and bloomers. It has three buttons in the front and a handmade drawstring cord around the square neckline. It is trimmed with crocheted lace (with a floral design) on the neckline, sleeves and pants. It had pintucks and feather stitching on the bodice and the left and right sides are divided from the waist to the crutch. The back of the garment is plain with a gathered section at the lower back.flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, maritime museum, maritime village, warrnambool, great ocean road, victorian era, combination undergarment, all-in-one underwear, combination, ‘combinations’, one-piece underwear, one-piece undergarment, chemise and bloomers, combination chemise and bloomers, divided, bifurcated, split, chemise and drawers, women’s underwear, ladies’ underwear, undergarment, women’s clothing, women’s fashion, lingerie, 19th-century undergarment, handmade clothing, handmade lace, crocheted lace, towns family, nhill, eliza towns -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING. GETTING THE GOLD, c1850s
Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: But when you came to where the diggers were at work, the scene defied all description. The whole surface was thrown into heaps of clay from six to ten feet high - for it appeared to be all clay which they threw out there. Here, indeed, had accumulated all the mud and clay which for thousands of years had been flowing from the hills around, It was this which had thus buried the gold 160 feet deep, and through which the diggers had to sink for it. Between these muddy mountains thrown up by diggers, the water accumulated in deep pools which they avail themselves of to was their gold our with and the heaps of clay were trodden by hundreds of men constantly crossing them in all directions. (Continued) Markings: 33 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - DRAINAGE PROBLEMS - BURST WATER MAIN UNDER GARDEN GULLY SANDHEAP
Handwritten notes from a Bendigo Advertiser report 7 Jan 1907. Three shifts of men working all Saturday and Sunday had not located the main. A large are of Eaglehawk and the City are without water. Had to timber a hole to a depth of 25 ft. Victoria Quartz, Windmill Hill, Needle, Confidence Ext'd, Princess Dagmar, Golden Age, Golden Pyke, Macduff, constellation, Gt Northern, (partly), Specimen Hill, Clarence, New Argus, Comet, Gt Central Victoria and Victoria Consols had to close because they had no water and five to six hundred men believed to be out of work. City Council will put water-carts on and supply residents free of charge. New Moon, South Moon, Virginia , Catherine and Devonshire mines get their water direct from the water race so they did not close down.document, gold, drainage problems, drainage problems, burst water main under garden gully sandheap, bendigo advertiser, 7/1/1907, victoria quartz, windmill hill, needle, confidence ext'd, princess dagmar, golden age, golden pyke, macduff, constellation, gt northern, (partly), specimen hill, clarence, new argus, comet, gt central victoria, victoria consols, north johnsons, johnson's reef, snobs hill line, new moon south moon, virginia, catherine, devonshire -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newspaper, The Courier Ballarat, "A new home for old trams", 3/04/1972 12:00:00 AM
Yields information about the commencement of construction of the BTPS depot in the south Gardens reserve and seeking new members.Newspaper clipping from The Courier, Ballarat, dated Monday 3/4/1972, titled "A new home for old trams". Item reporting the BTPS had poured the foundations for its proposed tram depot near the Botanic Gardens, a contract had been let for the steel fabrication and that 200 sleepers had been obtained from the VR from the Maryborough line. Features a photo of the site with a sign advising the purpose of the works and seeking new members. One of large group of newspaper cuttings from John Bainbridge, 7/4/02. See Reg Item 3817 for a print of the actual photograph.depot, btps, depot construction -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Advertising, Swintons Pty Ltd, Late 1920s
This advertising card comes from the Warrnambool business of Swintons Pty Ltd. William and Ann Swinton migrated to Australia in 1854 and for a decade William Swinton worked as a builder and carpenter in the Warrnambool area. In 1865 he opened a store in Timor Street, Warrnambool, selling groceries, hardware, glassware and china. By 1888 the business was known as William Swinton and Sons. Branch stores were opened in Cudgee, Nullawarre, Wangoom, West Warrnambool and South Warrnambool. After William Swinton died in 1901 his son Robert became the first managing director of Swintons Pty Ltd. In 1934 the business split with George Swinton and Sons selling furnishings, clothing and glassware and Swintons Pty Ltd selling seeds, produce and hardware. Today the Swinton family still operates a furniture and bedding store in Timor Street. This card is of interest as it is a memento of the Warrnambool business of Swinton Pty Ltd. The current Swinton business in Timor Street is the oldest family business in Warrnambool and with the name Swinton associated with Timor Street businesses for over 150 years, it is amongst the oldest family businesses in Australia. This is a piece of cardboard torn in half but joined together with adhesive tape. The cardboard originally had a pink or white background but it is now very stained. The card has a red border with ornamental corners and a black and white photograph of a woman using a telephone and a young girl. The card also has dark blue printing. The card has had printing on the back but this is now covered over with a paper backing. ‘Phone 36 With Compliments from Swinton’s Pty Ltd Universal Providers Timor Street Warrnambool’ ‘Branches: Raglan Parade and at Cudgee’ ‘Grocery Drapery Ironmongery Crockery’ swintons pty ltd, warrnambool, history of warrnambool -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph - Entrance to Boroondara General Cemetery
Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is one of the earliest known photographs of the cemetery, showing the early plantings and fences.Later print copy of an undated original photographic positive of the entrance to the Boroondara General (Kew) Cemetery. The Cemetery had been opened in 1855. This view is from Bulleen Road (now High Street) showing a group of 12 or 13 men standing in a line outside the entrance. At this time, the clocktower and high brick fence had not been constructed, but the trees have reached a substantial heightPencil inscription on reverse - "Boroondara Cemetery Entrance 1862"boroondara general (kew) cemetery, cemeteries -- melbourne (vic.) -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Functional Object - Rubber Stamp, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), "EXCHANGE OF SHIFTS OR DAYS OFF", 1950's
Demonstrates aspects of Ballarat's Tramway operations by the SEC in noting for crews a change of shift or change of days off from the normal roster. Has a strong association with the SEC and tram operations in Ballarat.Rubber stamp and wood stamp base for stamping rosters and/or time sheets with the words "EXCHANGE OF SHIFTS OR DAYS OFF" to indicate when a person had had his shift adjusted, through either a change of shirts or days off to that rostered. Comprises a varnished shaped wooden section, cut from a preformed strip. There is no drawing pin to indicate the front of the stamp, but there is a small notch on the rear of the stamp. trams, tramways, sec, rosters, times, crews -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Document - List, Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Rolling stock data - work cars", Mar. 1960
Dyeline print of Drawing R10-100, Rev A, "Rolling stock data - work cars", listing MMTB Work cars, giving the original number, car number, type, truck, wheel base, Motors, HP, Tare, Controller, Compressor and Length. Has had No.6, Truck Suction Car had written in using blue pen and another trams (18 and 20) partly written in.trams, tramways, work trams, mmtb, lists, scrubber tram -
Falls Creek Historical Society
Document - Sites 4 & 4a - Certificate Of Currency No.3191 Public Risk Insurance Policy, 26.10.1964
Bob (Herman) Hymans (a former member of the Royal Netherlands Navy) was born in Bloemendaal, Holland on 30th September 1922. During World War II he fought against the Japanese in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and was imprisoned in Changi and on the Burma Railway. After gaining qualifications as a Ski Instructor, Bob arrived in Falls Creek in July 1950. Working as an Instructor and Supervisor at Bogong Lodge, Bob decided his future was in accommodation. He was successful in negotiating an indenture for land from the State Electricity Commission (SEC). It took Bob two years to build his Grand Coeur Chalet but, tragically, it was burned down in August 1961. Bob also built the first Chairlift in Australia. This was a single chairlift and the structure was built from wooden electricity poles. He was constantly full of new ideas and proposals for the village. Bob Hymans die on 7th July 2007. This Collection of documents and letters tells the story of Bob's endeavours to develop Falls Creek into the ski village it is today.This item is significant because it documents actions taken by the Falls Creek Tourist Area Management Committee in their role overseeing the Tourist Area.This letter accompanied a policy for Public Risk Insurance with the Insurance Company of North America. The policy had been increased to cover a further £10,000. However the Management Committee felt this may need to be increased by an additional £10,000 if Mr Hymans was to go ahead with further development of Site 4A. It also requested that Mr Hymans sign and return lease documents which had been sent to him.Hand written at bottom of letter: Ski Lodge and Site 4 5 Flats 4A & Burnt out Shell of Chalet Dan (?) 512663falls creek tourist area management committee, falls creek administration, parking regulations falls creek -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Photograph - Black and white - MMTB Buses
Set of three Black and White photos of unknown date and photographer: 1 - Photo shows MMTB AEC Mk III bus, on a Footscray route late 1970's doing the U-turn at the intersection of Queen and Flinders Street Melbourne. These bus chassis were built by AEC in the UK between 1951 and 1953 and bodied by Commonwealth Engineering (Comeng). This particular bus was tendered for sale in July 1980. 2 - Three MMTB Mk 4 buses stored at Clifton Hill depot prior to their sale Numbers 618, 604 and 607. All showing Clifton Hill. 618 has an advert for Bosch. The chassis for these buses were built in 1956 with the bodies by Lawton Pty Ltd of Adelaide. Buses 604 and 607 were offered for sale during July 1980. 3 - three Mk III buses, numbers 583, 584 and one other at a depot during the early 1980's which had been converted to ambulances for use during state disasters. Based on the reference 3rd reference document, there were four buses converted - 581 to 584 and were sold during 1980. (See Metlines -3/1990 - Reg Item 1185 for possibly a later conversion) Yields information about the buss that were used in Melbourne during 1960's and 1980's.Black and white photograph of: 1 - MMTB Mk III, AEC bus No 348 in Queen St Melbourne. 2 - Three MMTB Mk 4 buses at Clifton Hill depot 3 - Three Mk III buses that had been converted to Ambulances.trams, tramways, mmtb, buses, aec mk iii, footscray, commonwealth engineering, comeng, aec mk 4, bosch, clifton hill depot, ambulances, queen street -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Memorabilia - Realia, Bob & Rob Bell, Display case of taxidermy birds by Bell brothers, 1917
Birds prepared some time before 1917 Collection in case was created by Robert H (Bob) Bell 1875-1927 Engine Driver and brother Rob Bell collected around Ironbark's and Stawell Lived in Lilian Street Stawell. P A Bells brothers. They were good sportsmen and also had greyhound dogs. Taxidermy Bird in Display Case. These birds were done in the 1800's (Possibly in 1917 as indicated on old newspaper on top of case.) By Uncle Bob Bell Uncle Rob Bell They lived in Lilian Street Stawell. They were P A Bells brothers. They were good sportsmen and also had greyhound dogs.hobby -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph, Ballarat Teachers' College,-Dana Street, 1946 - 1957, 1957 (exact)
The Ballarat TEachers' College is a predecessor organisaton of Federation University. Large hand coloured photograph in white frame showing Dana Street Primary School which had housed the Ballarat Teachers' College from 1946 - 1957.Photo Salon Frame Sticker on back.photograph, ballarat teachers college, dana street, ivy, bluestone, student union, dana street state school, dana stret primary school -
Bendigo Military Museum
Postcard - POSTCARD, PHOTOGRAPHIC
Photo of an Australian soldier taken in a formal position. No identification but likely WW1.Small black and white photo of a soldier in uniform leaning against a stand and holding a baton under his arm. Photo is on the front of a postcard that had not been used.Written on the back "Lizzie Brown" Imprint on corner of photo - " Kalima", some numbers and "Bendigo".ww1, soldier, post card, photo -
Orbost & District Historical Society
bottle
This was on display at the Slab Hut - Orbost Visitor Information Centre.A brown glass bottle which is square shaped. One side has a rectangular indentation for a label. It has no seal but is unthreaded and would probably have had a cork.On base - M711container bottle glass -
Kyneton RSL Sub Branch
Framed photograph
Timber framed print depicting King George V in military uniform Slight damage to border around photograph, some mould. (Had sticker 13 on back)His Majesty King George V inscribed on frame at bottom. -
Tarnagulla History Archive
Telegram, circa 1862
A large lot of papers, including this and many other telegrams, were apparently found in the ceiling cavity of the Sandy Creek/Tarnagulla Post and Telegraph Office in the later 20th Century, during building works. Donald Clark Collection. Telegram sent from Sandy Creek Telegraph Office from _______ to McKean, Carisbrook Flour Mill. Text reads 'You had better come up tomorrow'. -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Document, Councillors meet in the ruins, 1/09/1927 12:00:00 AM
Photocopy of newspaper photo showing councillors meeting beside the ruins of the Blackburn and Mitcham municipal chambers, Whitehorse Road, Tunstall after they had been destroyed by firePhotocopy of newspaper photo showing councillors meeting beside the ruins of the Blackburn and Mitcham municipal chambers, Whitehorse Road, Tunstall after they had been destroyed by fire.Photocopy of newspaper photo showing councillors meeting beside the ruins of the Blackburn and Mitcham municipal chambers, Whitehorse Road, Tunstall after they had been destroyed by fireshire of blackburn and mitcham, fires, councillors, municipal offices -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Document, Mitcham Station Post Box, 1981
It would appear that a mail box had been donated to WHS Museum in 1981 and being unwanted, Nunawading Council was approached to find a use for it and it was placed at the Mitcham Station.It would appear that a mail box had been donated to WHS Museum in 1981 and being unwanted, Nunawading Council was approached to find a use for it and it was placed at the Mitcham Station.It would appear that a mail box had been donated to WHS Museum in 1981 and being unwanted, Nunawading Council was approached to find a use for it and it was placed at the Mitcham Station.letter boxes, australian post, schwerkolt cottage committee of management, mitcham railway station, city of nunawading -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Stawell Primary School Number 502
Stawell Primary School 502 - c1970s school with steel fencing. Now glass.Photo Taken from roadway with picket fence and Bell Tower visible. Two gentlemen in top hats on footpath. Street has not yet had guttered installed.stawell education -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Stawell Primary School Number 502
Stawell Primary School 502 - c1880's taken from Barnes Street School opened in 1875 so this photo could be from that time.Photo Taken from roadway with picket fence and Bell Tower visible. Two gentlemen in top hats on footpath. Street has not yet had guttered installed. education -
Greensborough Historical Society
Book - Exercise Book, Embassy exercise book, 1950s
A Form 1 arithmetic exercise book, showing calculations and methods used by this student.An example of mid 20th century school workStudent's exercise book, 24 p. (approx.). Handwritten arithmetic exercises inside. Back cover missing. Front cover had photograph of Queen Elizabeth II.Subject: Arithmetic. Student's name, Grade: Form 1A.school books, exercise books, arithmetic -
Falls Creek Historical Society
Postcard - The Kiewa River at Tawonga
These photographs were taken in and around Falls Creek by Samuel Keith Pearce and printed for him as a foldout postcard by NuColor Vue. The postcards state they were printed for S. K. Pearce Pty. Ltd of Tawonga and Mount Beauty. Samuel Keith Pearce was born on 24 June 1917 in Armadale, Victoria. By the late 1940s he owned the Mt Beauty Supermarket, Newsagency, Drapery and Hardware store at Mount Beauty and also a store at Tawonga in partnership with his brother Gordon Cathew Pearce. For some time, they operated as Pearce Brothers. In the early 1960s Keith also opened a mini mart In Falls Creek. As well as being a keen photographer and an astute businessman, Keith Pearce was a well-known identity in the Kiewa Valley, making many contributions to the development of the area over a long period. This included serving as a member of the Bright Shire Council for many years. He worked hard to promote the interests of the Upper Kiewa Valley. As a sign of recognition and appreciation for his contribution to the community, the park opposite the grocery store in Mount Beauty was named the SK Pearce Gardens in his honour. Samuel Keith Pearce died on 7 July 1994 in Mount Beauty, Victoria.This collection of postcards and images is significant because they were commissioned by a highly successful businessman in Falls Creek, Victoria.A colour image of the Kiewa River at Tawonga with mountains in the background. S. K Pearce had a business in Tawonga and established other stores at Mount Beauty and Falls Creek.falls creek, falls creek chairlifts, poma lift falls creek -
University of Melbourne, Burnley Campus Archives
Administrative record - Register, Victorian College of Agriculture and Horticulture et al, Advanced Education, 1984-2009
postgraduate degrees, certificates, students, graduates -
Federation University Historical Collection
Letter - Correspondence, Pat C. Hope et al, Australian Institute of Management Representative, 03/1971
Three pages of correspondence concerning the Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education representative on the Australian Institute of Managment. Stan Sweatment had held the position, and was replaced by Denis Shanahan. e.j. barker, stan sweatman, pat hope, denis shanahan -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - SANDHURST BOYS CENTRE COLLECTION: MINI TORNADO DAMAGE
Four photographs showing destruction caused by a mini tornado to a Nissen hut on 8 June 1978 which had been used for storage of vegetables and feed for fowls.bendigo, institutions, sandhurst boys centre, storm damage; tornado; -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS NO. 3770 COLLECTION: CORRESPONDENCE
Letter written on blue paper and dated Novr 8 1871 from J A Lewis apologizing for his absence from the court as he had business engagements.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, court king of the forest, j a lewis -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS NO. 3770 COLLECTION: CORRESPONDENCE
Note written on white paper and dated Oct 7 18?1. He had examined Chas ? And found him in a good state of health. Signature illegible.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - SANDHURST BOYS CENTRE COLLECTION: MINI TORNADO DAMAGE 8 JUNE
Two photographs showing destruction caused by a mini tornado on 8 June 1978 to a Nissen hut which had been used for storage of vegetables and feed for fowls.bendigo, institutions, sandhurst boys centre, storm damage; tornado; -
Falls Creek Historical Society
Ski Pass for Axamer Lizum Resort in Austria for C. H. Bridgford, 1968
SKI TICKETS Before tows and lifts were introduced at Falls Creek, it could take skiers 20 minutes to climb to the Summit … but only TWO minutes to go back to the bottom. The arrival of tows, then chairlifts and T-bars changed the face of skiing forever. The first rope tow was constructed by Toni St. Elmo for the 1951 winter season. Bob Hymans installed a smaller tow for his guests at Skyline Lodge. Tows were still quite slow, so in 1956 Bob Hymans created his single chairlift. In 1958 the Village rope tow, designed by Albury engineer Jock Wilson, opened. It was financed by shareholders including Bill Griffith (Bowna Ski Club) and the Bridgford family (St. Trinian’s Ski Club). Several other tows followed including the Summit T-bar in 1961, built by Ron McCallum and operated by Alpine Developments Pty. Ltd. which was a company formed by C. H. (Bill) Bridgford. By 1982 Falls Creek was served by 16 different lifts or T-bars, all owned and operated by Alpine Developments (Holdings) Pty. Ltd. During the development of Falls Creek, different methods have been used to pay for the use of tows, lifts and T-bars … including metal tokens, single tickets, strips of tickets and season passes. The Falls Creek Historical Society Collection includes many examples of these items.This ski pass is significant because it was issued to a pioneer of the ski industry in Falls Creek, Victoria.A plastic covered ski pass for Axamer Lizum resort in Austria. It was issued to C. H. Bridgeford. in 1968. Charles (Bill) Bridgeford built a family lodge called St. Trinian's in the early 1950s. Bill had previously worked in the family shipping firm and had been Member for South Eastern in the Victorian Parliament. He became one of the shareholders in the Village rope tow which had been a failure partly because too many people had been involved. In 1960 Bridgeford approached Toni St. Elmo with an offer to buy the Nissen tow and Nissen Lodge which was accepted. With friends Geoff Henke and Ron McCallum, an engineer, he formed Alpine Developments (Holdings) Pty. Ltd. Ron had also been Lift Manager at Mt. Buller and together they acquired the Village rope tow and replaced it with a T-bar. They gained the franchise to operate all ski lifts and T-bars and later the Falls Creek Ski School. Alpine Developments (Holdings) Pty. Ltd continued to expand the lift network until 1983 when the lifts were sold to Transfield.On front: Photograph and text Innsbruck Olympics 1964 logo in top right Tage M Axamer Lizum № 000157 Gültig für alle Sessel-und Schlepplifte (Valid for all chairlifts and drag tows) 15. FEB. 1968 until 21. FEB. 1968 Preis laut Tarif (Price according to tariff) On back: Condition of use in German, English and Frenchcharles bridgeford, alpine development holdings pty ltd, ski pass, axamer lizum resort -
Conservation Volunteers
Memorabilia: Cyclone Sylvaspade, Australian Bicentenary 1988, Cyclone Sylvaspade - Senator Graham Richardson planted a tree using this spade at Sovereign Hill Outdoor Museum to mark ATCV's work at the Australian Bicentennial, 1988 (exact)
The spade is a memento of the planting of a tree by the responseible Commonealth Minister to recognise the contribution of ATCV and ATCV volunteers to repair of the Australian environment. At the time ATCV had been operating in Ballarat for six years. ATCV volunteers had planted 192,000 trees from April 1987- March 1988. Senator Richardson was then Minister for the Arts and the Environment in the Hawke ALP Government and on 17 November 1988 he planted a tree using this spade at Sovereign Hill Outdoor Museum (at which ATCV volunteers had planted trees which are (by 2010) fully grown and a significant feature of the site). Peter Hiscock was director of Sovereign Hill as well as President of ATCV and among the most significant leaders of ATCV (now CVA). The spade also symbolises the recovery of ATCV (then a small and struggling community group) from near closure owing to the effects of the 1987 recession. The Cyclone Sylvaspade concept was component project of the Australian Bicentennial celebrations aimed at recognising organisations which had contributed positively to conservation of Australia's environment. The concept was originated and driven by Dr Wilf Crane of the CSIRO Division of Forestry and a highly regarded forester and environmentalist and champion of the cause of rejuvenating Australia's degraded landscape with trees. At the naming of a road after him in Canberra he was described as a: "enthusiast, a man of conviction, action, humility and simplicity". Wilf conceived the project, developed the tree planting spade with Boral Cyclone and the Institute of Foresters of Australia and launched it with the then Governor-General Sir Ninian Stephens at the new Parliament House. Cyclone has been a brand name for a manufacturer of good quality hand tools for over a century. It is likely manufacturing was still done in Australia at the time of manufacture of the Sylvaspade. Much of it has now moved offshore, particuarly to China and Taiwan.This object is historically significant because it is a memento of a significant national event, the 200th anniversary of European settlement and the start of a process of environmental change which has had negative consequences and which demands a commitment to conserving the uniques Australian national environment. It recognised the achievement of ATCV in tree planting over six years. The Cyclone Sylvaspade is a practical memento and having the responsible Commonwealth Minister plant a tree with it was highly symbolic of ATCV's practical commitment to repair of our environment all over Australia. It was also used by the Victorian Premier, Hon John Brumby, to plant a tree at the reopening of the Boral Asphalt plant, Ballarat, in April 2010. The spade is No. 12 of a limited edition. This item is a functional tree planting spade called a "Cyclone Sylvaspade", mounted on a block of wood with a plaque. The handle of the spade is made of grey plastic, the haft is light, stained wood, and the blade is manufactured to resemble silver and has engravings. It was donated by the Boral company and presented to ATCV by the Minister of Arts and the Environment, Senator Graham Richardson after he had planted a tree to mark the occasion at Sovereign Hill Outdoor Museum, BallaratOn the stem of the spade here is a label showing the logo of the Boral company which reads "SYLVASPADE Tree Planting Spade - Made in Australia." On the blade is engraved "Cyclone - NUMBER 0012 - SYLVASPADE - 1788-1988" together with the logo of the Australian Bicentennial Authority. The spade is mounted on a sturdy polished wooden board on which there is a brass-coloured plate bearing the words: "PRESENTED BY SENATOR THE HON GRAHAM RICHARDSON TO AUSTRALIAN TRUST FOR CONSERVATION VOLUNTEERS IN RECOGNITION OF THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT 17TH NOVEMBER 1988 DONATED BY BORAL LIMITED"of, trust, ballarat, memento, australian, australia, environment, conservation, atcv, for, volunteers, cyclone, sylvaspade, senator graham richardson, 1788 1988 australian, bicentennial, boral, spade, sovereign hill, 17th november 1988, 1988, minister for arts and environment, tree planting, institute, foresters, dr, wilf, crane