Reports to Directors of Snowball Gully Gold Mining Co re Mining Details and Winding Up (sale); 1. 10 pages of details of mining progress (shaft sinking, drives etc) in the period 1905 - 1907 submitted by D Gummell, Manager; 2. Two pages listing the tools and implements on the mine when closed with attached letter to Directors (31/10/1907) submitted by D Gummell, Manager. Note: comment by Ralph Birrell on this second document (19/3/2013) - he observes that the sale of ''68 drills'' on the submitted list indicates that at this mine in 1905/07 they were still using drills and hammers.document, gold, snowball gully gold mining company, snowball gully gold mining company. d. gummell. ralph birrell.

This is a collection of photographs of Dr Ian 'Spud' MacLeod Murphy c1918 - 1922 during youth, including his time at Geelong College (1918-1922). The photographs show Murphy doing various out-of-class activities alongside friends.Dr Murphy was Emerald's first and much-loved GP. His work for the community over 34 years was of immense benefit. He was awarded the British Empire Medal in 1977 for his service to the health of the community. These photographs depict his time at Geelong college in his youth.Collection of black and white photographs of Dr Ian Murphy in Geelong College c1918-1922. Photograph one shows Murphy walking along side classmates and faculty. Photograph two and three shows Murphy wearing school uniform in front of a college building. Photograph four depicts Geelong seascape Photograph five shows a classmate or friend of Murphy holding tools. Photograph six shows a male figure using an outdoor grill. Photograph seven shows Murphy posed on a beach in swimming clothes. Photograph eight shows Murphy and a classmate posing. Photograph nine shows a figure relaxing face down on a beach.dr ian macleod murphy, spud murphy, doctor, emerald, geelong college

The 1st edition of this famous work, giving an excellent account of the machinery used in late 19th century metal mining in the UK and overseas is very rare. It covers a wide range of equipment - pumps, steam engines, drills, winding engines, stamps & concentration mills, aerial ropeways, tramways and early uses of electricity etc. Brown hard cloth covered book. xvi 564 pages with additional advertisements, with over 300 illustrations and drawings, some fold out. Chapters include Water as a motive power, Wind engines and ventilating machinery, Steam boilers/engines and oil engines, hoisting machinery, draining of Mines, pumping engines, rock drilling machinery, boring machinery, concentration machinery, sizing and classifications trommels, joggers and jigging, fine concentration, milling of gold ores, milling of silver ores, amalgamation plates and machinery, dry and roasting machinery, chlorination and cyandide processes for the extraction of gold, electricity as a motive power for mining, electric lighting and blasting, aerial wire ropeways, transport by rail and road. There a a number of lovely line illustrations in the book including: Poncelot's undershot waterwheel; Fromont furnace;Victor turbine; Pelton waterwheel; Root's positive blower;Cross section and front elevation of Lancashire boiler; Robey's Compound Mill Engine; Portable Winding Plant; Iron Pit Head Gear ; Loading Arrangement in an Incline Shaft; kibble; Worthington Pump; California Pump; Scram's Air Compressor; Rock drill Bits; Special Sharpening tools; Boring tools;Rotating Picking table; Ore Feeder; roller crusher; stamp battery; round buddle; slime table; vanner; amalgamating plant; belt elevator;roasting furnace;splicing wire rope; capel; tipping waggon;mining, cornish pump, linkenbach table, water wheel, ventilation, oil engine, california, america, water, steam boilers, steam engines, oil engines, pumpimg, rock drilling, boring, jiggers, milling, silver, gold, drying and roasting, chlorination, cyaniding, lead, zinc, copper, electricity, electric lighting, wire ropes, transport, wind engine, poppet head

This little slate notebook was given by Webb Brothers to their customers as an advertising tool. The Webb Brothers Company a large manufacturing firm in Lava Street, Warrnambool, making windmills, dairying utensils, steam boilers, and oil engines. They were also engineers, brassfounders and wholesale tinsmiths and plumbers. Motor car work became a speciality in the 1920s. In 1921 they opened a branch of their business in Melbourne (Bayswater) and the name of the firm became Presha Engineering Company. This notebook is of some interest as it was provided by Webb Brothers, an important company in Warrnambool in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is also an example of the advertising techniques used by business houses at that time and an interesting example of the use of a slate pencil and slate pages as a recording mechanism.This is a brown leather notebook with three pages of slate material making eight spaces for recording notes. Notes recorded in slate can be rubbed out and the space used again. The slate pencil container is on the side of the notebook but the pencil is missing. The cover is mottled with creamy-yellow lines. The pages are edged in red and there is scribble on some pages. Front page of notebook: ‘Before purchasing talk to Webb Bros. & Co., Windmill Makers, Engineers, Ironworkers etc. Lava Street, Warrnambool ‘Phone 27, Made in Germany’ Scribble on first page ‘Wanted known’ webb brothers, warrnambool, brassfounders

This raker/jointer/guage set is a sharpening tool for cross cut logging saws. The logging saws used in the early 1900's for the clearing of forests required constant sharpening of their "cutting teeth". The logging of forested areas during these times was very much a "hands on" method of either one or two men by the use of saw or hand axe. Chain saws, chain and ball(clearing) and bulldozing methods came in the mid 1900's.This particular saw sharpening method was used by surveyors laying down boundaries for the S.E.C. Victoria Hydro Electricity Scheme (1920's). This item was given to a local Kiewa Valley lad who accompanied the initial surveyors. The lad was responsible for the tendering and feeding of the surveyors "pack horses". Surveys during this period and in the dense mountainous terrain of the Victorian Alps was both exhausting and hazardous. Overnight accommodation at various log cabins was not always possible and swag/tent alternative was the "fall back" This raker/jointer saw sharpener was made in the USA (DISSTON) from cast and flat iron. The main body has been painted in orange. It has three adjustment screws on the top horizontal bar and one bolt on(adjusting) leveling platform on the bottom. The small size and weight of this saw sharpener was ideal for the travelling/mobile logger or surveyor(as in this case). The main frame resembles two towers connected by two horizontal bars and the top of the towers has a horizontal bar with adjustment screws. See KVHS 0090 (B) for setting stake wedge adjusting the rake and cutting angle and KVHS 0090 (C) for a small spanner (for adjustments).On one inner supports is stamped "DISSTON" and on the other "U.S.A."hand tool, saw, sharpening method, tree felling.

A Croze is a tool used by a cooper for cutting a groove of a barrel, cask, etc., into which the edge of the head or bottom fits. The cooper uses a Croze to cut a groove into either end of the inside of the staves of the bucket or barrel so the lid or bottom would fit securely against the wood. The cooper had to make sure the pieces of wood fit tightly together so none of the contents, such as beer, milk or grain, would seep out.A tool of the cooper that has been in use since the making of barrels and wooden buckets. Item at this time cannot be associated with an historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, item assessed as a collection asset as it is believed to have been produced before 1950.Coopers Croze wood with metal bladeNoneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, croze, cooper, barrel making, tool

The chest was constructed to allowable dimensions for storage in the ship's hold. The sturdy watertight construction afforded protection for the chests contents. It can be imagined that these would be household utensils, items of clothing and the most treasured ornaments as space permitted. It is likely that the contents included some building tools and as well, implements which Christian Ziebell used in his trade as a butcher in Bruel, thereby enabling him to undertake profitable work on his arrival in Australia.This object is of primary significance. The Koffer was constructed to allowable dimensions for storage in the ship’s hold. The sturdy watertight construction afforded protection for the Koffer’s contents on the voyage aboard the Privislaw from Hamburg, Germany to Hobsons Bay, Australia in 1850. The Koffer held the precious necessities for life for Christian Ziebell's family at their new destination. It is likely that the contents included some building tools as well, implements that Christian used in his trade as a butcher in Bruel, thereby enabling him to undertake profitable work on arrival in Australia. The wooden Koffer was airtight, so if lost overboard it would be retrievable. Some were fixed to the ship’s deck. After they settled at Westgarthtown the Koffer continued to contain the precious documents through each generation. Only the current owners saw the contents in each generation, and the children always regarded it as a “treasure chest”, which was always locked and out of bounds for them. Large wooden trunk/koffer. Base is rectangular, and lid is rectancular to fit the base but curves between the front and back. Morticed corners; protruding base with beveled edge. Supported by profiled runners with four built-in feet. Handle for carrying on each end, and locking mechanism on front.'C. Ziebell' written in large font on back of chestpersonal effects, travel goods, pribislaw, johann christian ziebell, german migration, luggage

This shorter white cane for a child with detachable, rotating ball tip, is more than just a stick that is used to alert others that they are blind or an early warning signal that a pathway is blocked. A cane actually allows a child who is blind access to four major developmental areas that are impacted the most due to the disability. A cane is a developmental tool that is imperative in neuro-development, sensory development, physical development, social development and emotional development of a child. 3 metal/plastic pieces joined together with an elasticized cordassistive devices, orientation and mobility

Since the mid-1600s, barometers have been a useful tool for boaters to measure air pressure in order to predict weather changes out on the sea. A change in pressure causes the dial's indicator hand to move. Aneroid barometers have a circular display face much like a clock that indicates the current atmospheric pressure. Part of a collection of objects belonging to Robert Hodgson. He was a fisherman and part of Shore Line Engineering.A circular white round face with black numbers around the edge starting at 80 and going up in 1 number increments to 106. Language is in Russian. A thermometer is on the face of the lower half starting at -10 degrees Celsius and up to 40 degrees Celsius going up in 10 number increments. A glass panelsits above the whit face and it is held together by a metal edge. The back of the barometer is black bakelite.

Context: A brace is a hand tool used with a bit (drill bit or auger) to drill holes, usually in wood. The pressure is applied to the top and the tool is rotated with a U-shaped grip. Bits used to come in a variety of types but today the more commonly used Ridgeway and Irwin pattern bits also rely on a snail point (called the snail), which is a tapered screw point shaped the same as a wood screw thread, which helps to pull the bit into the wood as the user turns the brace handle and applies pressure. The designs used today come from an original idea and pattern invented by John S Fray. Company History: John S. Fray (1833 ) immigrated to Bridgeport Connecticut USA from England in the 1850s and established a working relationship with Nelson Spofford, who held an 1858 patent for a bit brace (the tool could be augured in a continuous circular motion by hand). He established the John S. Fray Co. around the same time and immediately began producing the Spofford bit brace. Fray himself held at least two patents: one awarded in 1869 for a boring brace attachment, and another awarded in 1883 for a tool handle. By 1889, the firm was located at the industrial complex that sits between the former International Silver Company and the former Bridgeport Chain Company on Crescent Avenue and is identified on the Sanborn Insurance Atlas as a manufacturer of Spofford bit braces, hollow handle awl, and toolsets. The company was in competition with Peck Stow and Wilcox Co. of Southington, and in 1898 was enjoined from making a ratchet bit brace for which the latter company held a patent. By the 1920s, the factory had been purchased by the Stanley Company of New Britain and leased to the American Tube and Stamping Company, a manufacturer of brass, copper, seamless, and bicycle tubing, which also ran a rolling mill to the south on Stafford Avenue (now demolished). The Stanley Company bought both mills in 1926, perhaps as a strategic move to be located along the Bridgeport Harbour, through which much of the raw material used in its operations throughout the state came. By the 1950s, the Crescent Avenue operations had been moved to other sites in Connecticut, and Stanley again leased the building to a company called Cornwall and Patterson, a manufacturer of piano hardware. Today the building appears to be vacant. An early carpenters tool made by a well known early manufacturer from America who instigated many innovations to the making of tools. His early pattern for the improvement of a tool that could be used for the boring of holes in wood was a significant step forward. His design for a boring brace attachment and later a specific handle is still in use today and his original brace and bit is now sought after by collectors of antique tools. Spofford Carpenter's Bit Brace metal has bit attached. Wing nut holds bit in place but nut missing. holds bit in place. 285mm long x 160mm Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

Bushfire perimeter rather than bushfire area is the main control problem for firefighters on the ground. A conundrum rapidly compounded by spot fires. A small 5 ha fire can be nearly 1 km around the perimeter. That's a long way to build a control line by hand in rough bush. Dry firefighting techniques by hand were mostly confined to “knocking down” or “beating out” the flames, as well as "digging out". Digging or raking a “mineral earth” trail down to bare dirt proved most effective in forest fuels which, unlike grass, tend to retain heat and smoulder. Early tools were whatever happened to be close at hand. They were simple and primitive and included shovels, slashers, axes, hoes, beaters and rakes. A cut branch to beat the flames was often the only thing available. Farming and logging tools, developed over centuries of manual labour, and readily available at local hardware stores came into use, but little thought was given to size, weight, and balance. This canvas hose beater was based on a century-old design which used lengths of canvas fire hose rivetted together and lashed with wire to a broom handle. The hose was be soaked in water to improve its effectiveness. If the flames were more than a metre or so the user was generally not able to get close enough to extinguish the fire It's recommend that users lift no more than above knee height to conserve energy and let the beater to the work. For years foresters experimented with combination tools. In about 1952 fire beaters and other implements were being replaced with Rakuts and later RakehoesEarly firefighting toolBushfire beater - Canvas with wooden handleR P PWD (Public Works Department) The handle has painted markings which indicate which FCV District it belonged to.bushfire, forests commission victoria (fcv)

A razor strop is flexible strip of leather or canvas used to maintain a shaving edge on a thin blade such as a straight razor. Fine powdered jeweler's rouge or other pastes can be added as an abrasive to polish the blade. The strop may be a hanging strip or a hand-held paddle. This one is a hanging strop. Strops were quite commonly found in barber shops and homes before the invention of the safety razor, They are still used for sharpening tool blades.This item is an example of the self-reliance shown by rural families when household necessities were not readily available.A flexible double-layered horse hide leather strop. One strip has a slightly coarser texture. This is a hanging strop which has a metal swivel on top so that the strop can be turned over while hanging from a hook/peg.On hand grip The Keen Edge Strop, genuine horse hide All Black Stropper No. 2strop razor-strop shaving personal-effects

A Croze is a tool used by a cooper for cutting a groove of a barrel, cask, etc., into which the edge of both the heads of a barrel fits. The cooper uses a Croze to cut a groove into either end of the inside of the staves of the bucket or barrel so the lid or bottom would fit securely against the wood. The cooper had to make sure the pieces of wood fit tightly together so none of the contents, such as beer, milk or grain, would seep out.A tool of the cooper that is specific to his trade, this wood grooving plane has been in use since the making of barrels and wooden buckets for hundreds of years without much change to the design or how the tool is used.Croze, has 2 Lance teeth and 1 Hawk tooth.Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, croze, coopers tools, barrel making

This Holiday Guide was produced by the Warrnambool Standard with several articles contributed to the supplement by Sally Clark, the Warrnambool Tourist Promotion Officer. Holiday Guides were produced each year to assist and promote tourism in the area. The fact that Warrnambool had won the Premier Town Award for the years 1979-1982 was an added reason for tourists to come to the region and this fact was used as an advertising tool. Warrnambool won the Premier Town Award in 1988 for the third time. This Holiday Guide is of some interest as it shows what was considered the best places for tourists to visit in the Warrnambool region in 1980. The advertisements are also of some value for recording the business life of the city in 1980. This is a 40 page Holiday Guide published by the Warrnambool Standard newspaper in 1980 featuring tourist spots of Warrnambool and district. It includes black and white photographs, maps and advertisements. ‘Warrnambool Premier Town,1979-1982, The Standard, Warrnambool, Holiday Guide 1980’premier town awards, victoria, warrnambool

A hunter uses this tool to throw a spear in front of a fleeing animal, skillfully intercepting it so that it is speared on the run. The size of the groove and spear holder indicate this woomera was made for light weight hunting spears not for warfare. Elders and young warriors carried these with them and each man made his own to suite his strength and body size. They were used when the need and opportunity for fresh meat arose. Woomeras were used by men.This is the only Jaara woomera in the collection and is a significant tool used in the on going search for food. It is a mens tool.This woomera is undecorated. At the broad end there is a small hook like protrusion which holds the spear in place before throwing. The narrow end has a tapered waist with bulb to assist grip and a shallow groove to help guide the spear. The overall shape is an elongated hollowed single piece of timber.There are no inscriptions, the wood is strong with a prominent grain pattern.wood, jaara, tool, woomera, throwing stick, mens business, hunting

Norman JELBART (1916-1984) Norman Thomas Jelbart studied Historic Ornament Parts I and II as part of his training at the Ballarat Technical Art School to become an architect. These are some of his notes. The study of Historic Ornament spanned time and space to inform and inspire designers. Students studied the influences of history, geography, culture and climate on ornamental aesthetics, including the tools, materials and methods applied to decorative objects, interior design and architecture.Handwritten and drawn notes from the Ballarat Technical Art School by N.T. Jelbartn.t. jelbart, ballarat technical art school, historic ornament, art history

A Croze is a tool used by a cooper for cutting a groove of a barrel, cask, etc., into which the edge of both the heads of a barrel fits. The cooper uses a Croze to cut a groove into either end of the inside of the staves of the bucket or barrel so the lid or bottom would fit securely against the wood. The cooper had to make sure the pieces of wood fit tightly together so none of the contents, such as beer, milk or grain, would not seep out.A tool of the cooper that is specific to his trade, this wood grooving plane has been in use since the making of barrels and wooden buckets for hundreds of years without much change to the design or how the tool is used.Coopers adjustable Croze, Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, croze, coopers tools, barrel making

This hem marker stand is a measuring tool for gauging the height of a hem, such as on a dress or curtain. The adjustable arm slides along the ruler and its snug fit ensures that it stays at the right height. The end of the arm has a metal pin inserted into it to hold a piece of chalk, which would be used to mark the fabric. The hem marker would be used by professional dressmakers, seamstresses, and tailors as well as by crafts people at home. The hem marker was made in Birmingham.The hem marking stand is an example of tools used during the 1900s in the garments and furnishings trades as well as for domestic purposes. Since that time the tool has evolved into a more efficient design that makes home sewing easier.Ham marking stand with a wooden ruler, stand and a sliding adjustable arm on a brass sleeve. The arm has a metal pin on the end. Measurements are marked on both sides, inches on one side and centimetres on the other. Inscriptions are stamped into the wood. Made in Birmingham."- - - - / - - - - - / -BIRMINGHAM" On end of arm "2*4'flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, hem marker, dressmaker, dressmaking, alterations, tailor, dressmaker's tool, sewing marker, sewing gauge, seamstress, domestic use, dress fitting, curtain hemming, birmingham, freestanding, chalk hem marker, stand, home craft

This photograph shows the interior of the Valley Worsted Mill in 1923. The mill was first established at this time, and the photo shows the interior after tooling up but prior to the mill actually commencing operation. This photo is one of 31 in total and shows warping. The donor worked at the Valley Mill for many years. This mill still exists in Swanston Street, Geelong and is now being used by Melba Industries (an Austrim-Nylex company) to produce Jumbuck Nylon wool packs.Interior of Valley Worsted Mill, c.1923.valley worsted mill, warping, warping machinery

This photograph shows the interior of the Valley Worsted Mill in 1923. The mill was first established at this time, and the photo shows the interior after tooling up but prior to the mill actually commencing operation. This photo is one of 31 in total and shows warping. The donor worked at the Valley Mill for many years. This mill still exists in Swanston Street, Geelong and is now being used by Melba Industries (an Austrim-Nylex company) to produce Jumbuck Nylon wool packs.Interior of Valley Worsted Mill, c.1923.valley worsted mill, warping, warping machinery

During surgery under general anaesthetic, these forceps were used to pull the tongue forward to keep the patient's airways clear from obstruction. This tool was in general use from the 1930s onwards in teaching hospitals, and became a standard piece of equipment on all anaesthetic trolleys. In the majority of teaching hospitals, the blades of these forceps were smooth and wide to cause less trauma to the tongue. This particular style of tongue forceps is known as Guy's tongue forceps.Dr Mitchell Henry O'Sullivan worked in the Victorian country town of Casterton as a general practitioner from 1919 until his death in 1977. He also practiced obstetrics. His son, Dr David More O'Sullivan donated his obstetric bag and its contents to the College in 1999. The bag and contents are a unique time capsule of the type of instruments and pharmaceuticals used in the inter-war period.Pair of metal forceps. Similar in appearance to a pair of scissors, and other surgical forceps, but with rounded teardrop shaped tips. There is also a notch clip for the handle to keep the forceps open. Inner aspect of both forceps blades engraved with the number '3'. The left hand blade is also engraved with a 'P'.anaesthesia

Rose Series postcard No. P 1422, titled "Elizabeth Street Melbourne" a busy scene with W5 784 or 734 (City Route 18) and another W5 ahead, route 54 outside the General Post Office (GPO) at the corner of Bourke Street. On the corner of Lt. Bourke Street next to the GPO, is Allan W Taylor & Co. Pty Ltd a very successful motor accessories and tool business; commonly referred to as "The Old Tin Shed". Yields information about Elizabeth Street in late 1930s.Postcard - printed real photograph with Rose Stereograph Co. name on the rear.tramways, trams, elizabeth st, gpo, w5 class, route 18, route 54

A moulding plane is a specialised plane used for making the complex shapes found in wooden mouldings that are used to decorate furniture or other wooden object. Traditionally, moulding planes were blocks of wear resistant hardwood, often beech or maple, which were worked to the shape of the intended moulding. The blade, or iron was likewise formed to the intended moulding profile and secured in the body of the plane with a wooden wedge. A traditional cabinetmakers shop might have many, perhaps hundreds, of moulding planes for the full range of work to be performed. Large crown mouldings required planes of six or more inches in width, which demanded great strength to push and often had additional peg handles on the sides, allowing the craftsman's apprentice or other worker to pull the plane ahead of the master who guided it. The maker of this plane is unknown but probably made in London early to mid 18th century. There are many of his tools including decorative moulding planes of all sizes and designs for sale around the world with no makers marks however moulding planes from this era are well sought after by collectors of vintage tools.A vintage tool made by an unknown maker, this item was made commercially for firms and individuals that worked in wood and needed a tool that could produce a ornamental finish to timber. The tool was used before routers and spindle moulders came into use after World War ll, a time when to produce a decorative moulding for a piece of furniture, door trims etc or other items had to be accomplished using hand tools and in particular one of these types of planes. These profiled planes came in various shapes and sizes to achieve a decorative finish. A significant tool from the early to mid 18th century that today is quite rare and sought after by collectors. It gives us a snapshot of how furniture and other decorative finishes were created on timber by the use of hand tools. Tools that were themselves hand made shows the craftsmanship used during this time not only to make a tool such as the subject item but also the craftsmanship needed to produce a decorative finish that was needed to be made for any timber item.Wood Moulding Plane Rabbet typeMarked J Heath on end, (no makers mark)flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, plane moulding, moulding plane, plane, j heath, ames

David Malloch was born in 1818 in Dundee Scotland and died in January 1891, his father was James Malloch a weaver and his mother was Jane nee Watson. David Malloch had taken over a plane and tool-making business from John McGlashan a Perth plane maker in 1849 after McGlashan had died. David and later his son (John) ran the business at first from South Methven Street Perth, until early 1856 then the business moved to the center of town in Kirkside at 25 John's Street. He used these premises until 1870 when he moved again to 50 South Street Perth. It is believed his son John was involved at this time and the move was due to the business had outgrown the premises at John Street. It was noted in local publications that the firm by this time had nine employees and regarded as a manufacturer of edge tools of various kinds for cabinet makers, specifically wood planes. The firm continued under David Malloch's son John after David's death in 1891 but the company appears to have ceased trading in 1913.A vintage cabinet maker's tool from the mid 19th to early 20th century giving a snapshot into early cabinet and furniture making. Wood Plane with flat base curved sides single iron, 2 inch, size.D Malloch and Son Perth, Scotlandflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

A broom is a cleaning tool. It consists of stiff fibres attached to, and roughly parallel to, a cylindrical handle, the broomstick. In the context of witchcraft, "broomstick" is likely to refer to the broom as a whole. A smaller whisk broom or brush is sometimes called a duster. History of broom design Brooms have changed very much in their construction, since they developed from ad-hoc use of branches and bundles of several natural fibres. Originally, all brooms were round, a shape that is easy to construct but inefficient for actually sweeping. Brooms could be attached to a handle, either short for a whisk broom, or long for a broom used to sweep the floor or fireplace. The word for the tool was originally besom, broom simply being the material of which it was normally made. The fibres used in modern brooms are from broom corn. They are long, straight, durable, and bound together in the plant. The newest major change is the flat broom, invented by the Shakers in the 1800s, which has far more width for pushing dirt and nearly all brooms produced today are flat brooms. https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/BroomThis object is an example of how a simple material can be turned into a useful item.Brush of plaited green & orange coloured rope like material. Brush section is like taffeta, blonde.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, brush, broom, rope

The photograph depicts eleven vignettes relating to the murders of Captain Lee Weller, Charles Burgess and Arthur Preston by Frank Butler (born Richard Ashe, alias Frank Harwood). Some historians consider Butler to be Australia's first serial killer. Butler submitted written advertisements to the classified columns of the Sydney Morning Herald newspaper looking for people to join him in prospecting for gold. Butler took his victims into the Blue Mountains in New South Wales and told fabricated stories of gold mines worth thousands of pounds. He then made his victims dig their own graves under the guise that they were digging for gold. He would then shoot them, take their valuables, and bury them.Sepia rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper mounted on card.Obverse: 1897 / Butler's inseparable Friend / Cap ' Lee Weller / The Victim Burgess / A OT Preston / Frank Harwood / alias / Butler / J. Mulhall & Son / discoverers of Burgess grave / Butlers supposed Wife / Frisco / Examining Burgess corpse at Black Range near Parkes NSW / The Swanhda / His Prospecting Tools / Burgs Waggonette used for Prospecting sold Butler / (?) / The Butler Tragedies Reverse: BMMA03308 / Removal story of the / 1997.3119 / Butler murders near / Parkes NSW 1897 / 84 - 35 - 1 / Enterprise Photo Company, / 26 Elizabeth Street, / SYDNEY. /entertainment album, captain lee weller, charles burgess, arthur preston, frank harwood, frank butler, crime, blue mountains, new south wales, murder, tragedy, gold, gold mine, sydney morning herald, swanhilda, richard ashe

This gold miner's pick from the Ballarat Goldfields c 1920 was donated by Mr David Hopcraft, a dealer at the Arkuna Market Berwick, Victoria in December 2010. When Gold was discovered in Victoria c1853 most of the labourers and some landowners left the market gardens and farms to try their luck on the goldfields. Local Blacksmiths made picks similar to this one for them. There was a great shortage of labour in Melbourne and at the same time, due to the huge influx of people lured by the Gold, there was an increased demand for food. The market gardeners were getting very good prices for their produce and many increased their wealth considerably and many of these tenant farmers were able to purchase their blocks of land and live a profitable life. There was such a shortage of labour that J.B.Were applied for Irish immigrants to work the farms. This pick is an example of the hand made tools many pioneers took with them when they abandoned their farms and market gardens in the District of Brighton to try their luck at prospecting when gold was discovered in Ballarat and Bendigo c1853. Some were successful , most were not and retuned again to the hard life of farming. A forged steel pick with a wooden handle. The steel pick-head was hand-forged by a blacksmith. This miner's pick was used on the Ballarat gold-fields c1920gold mining, ballarat, bendigo, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, mining equipment, gold rush, immigrants, blacksmiths, forges, tools

Photograph taken by A.P. Winzenried for consideration as an illustration in, "Green Grows Our Garden." The caption reads, "Wattle is in full bloom at the Burnley Horticultural College. These girl students had a pleasant task gathering the golden glory."Black and white photograph. Copy of a newspaper article taken by A.P. Winzenried. 4 students collecting branches of wattle at the entrance to the Gardens. 2 standing on wooden ladders and 2 holding toolss next to a wooden wheelbarrow.Handwritten underneath, "W. Thompson, M. Younger, H. Dance, E. Pearce, The Argus 13-8-35."a.p. winzenried, green grows our garden, wattle, female student, w. thompson, m. younger, h. dance, e. pearce, students working outside, wooden ladders, wooden wheelbarrow, tools, entrance gate

Photograph made by A.P. Winzenried as a possible illustration for, "Green Grows Our Garden." Caption reads, "A Touch of Spring. " Note by T.H. Kneen 18 March 1992," Query: Student identified as Hilda Dance has dark hair - we always knew Hilda as being fair haired!"Colour photograph. Copy of a newspaper article made by A.P. Winzenried. Caption reads, "A Touch of Spring. " Students working near a dry stone wall in the Orchard shown in a 1926 Site Plan. Fruit trees in blossom behind the wall. Handwritten underneath, "J.Teed, H. Dance, E. Pearce, M. Fisher, B. Levick. "The Argus." 18-8-35." On reverse, "Dry stone wall at Burnley.""j.teed, h. dance, e. pearce, m. fisher, b. levick, green grows our garden, a. p. winzenried, orchard, dry stone wall, students working outside, blossom, tools, wooden wheelbarrow