When marking a boundary for a registered plan, a surveyor would place “Reference Marks” with a stated bearing and distance to a boundary corner. These trees were typically marked by cutting the bark of the tree in a shield or blaze. Until July 1886, surveyors were only able to use trees as reference marks to boundary corners. After July 1886 surveyors were able to use “permanent marks” which were either a glass bottle, gas pipe or iron bolt (for homestead surveys only). This photograph shows the reference tree, 83 miles from Marlo via the original surveyed road v ia Sydenham Inlet and Tamboon, south of Mount Drummer to the New South Wales border - now the Princes Highway.This is a pictorial record of an old survet tree. Knowledge of their location, abundance and condition not only provide important insights to past survey practice, but also provide a lasting legacy of a regions land-use history. Old survey trees serve as one of the few remaining physical legacies of early European land settlement history.A large black / white photograph of a horse and buggy pulled up alongside a reference tree which has notches and markings of Roman numerals.on back - " Refernce tree 83 miles from Marlo........to N.S.W. Border"survey-tree reference-tree

Grassmere is a small hamlet about 12 kilometres from Warrnambool. It is a farming area. The Grassmere Gold Mining Company, presumably established by local people in Grassmere, was created in 1898 for the purpose of acquiring from Messrs James and Mewha a lease of a Cassilis gold mine (23 acres). The Manager of the Company was Horatio Dickson of Melbourne and the brokers were McMeekin and Co. of Melbourne and Warrnambool and Dickson and Osborne of Melbourne. This reef mine was one of several in Cassilis, Gippsland, 12 kilometres north west of Swifts Creek. The gold-bearing quartz reefs were discovered in 1885 and worked to 1914. It is not known whether the Grassmere Cassilis mine was a financial success but the mining operations were impeded by the hardness of the stone in the area. William Robinson was a farmer in the Grasmere area. This receipt is of considerable interest as one of only three items the Warrnambool and District Historical Society that is connected to the establishment of the Grassmere Gold Mining Company. The gold mine establishment was one of the many minor events in the district in the 1890s. This is an 1899 receipt for William Robinson upon payment of six shillings and three pence, being part payment for shares in the Grassmere Gold Mining Company. The buff-coloured paper has black printing and black-ink handwriting. There are two stamps – one is the stamp of ‘H.S.Dickson’ and the other is the stamp of the ‘Grassmere Gold Mining Company, No Liability’. The certificate has silver fish damage at the top and the right-hand side‘May 30th 1899, Received from Mr Wm. Robinson the sum of six shillings and three pence, being the amount of 5th call of 1½ per share, due on 50 shares, nos. 12651/12700 in the above company, H.S. Dickson, Manager’grassmere, grassmere gold mining company, william robinson, warrnambool

Prior to 1929 Yarrambat was known as Tanck's Corner or Reynold's Corner after Frederick Tanck who owned land north of Ironbark Road at the corner of Yan Yean Road, and Thomas Ryenolds who owned the property opposite. Tanck's Corner was at the centre of gold bearing country. Gold was mined here until 1984 when the last operating mine, the Golden King mine in North Oatlands Road closed. It was owned by the Clayton family and in the 1960s was the only private family gold mine in Victoria. Larger mines had their own batteries and stampers to process the ore. Covered under Heritage Overlay, Nillumbik Planning Scheme. Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p23This collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, battery, clayton family, gold mining, golden king mine, ore crusher, tancks corner. reynolds corner, yarrambat

Gold bearing ore is pulverized by cast iron stampers (steam driven) and material then passes over a large copper plate covered in mercury causing the gold particles to combine with the mercury to form an amalgam which is scraped of and placed in a retort. The retort is heated causing the mercury to evaporate leaving the gold to be refined into ingots. The mercury is cooled as it leaves the retort and is reused. A second tray covered in what is called a blanket traps any fine gold that has passed the first plate. Finally the residue material goes over a vibrating table called a Wilfley Table which captures any iron pyrites which may contain about three percent gold. this is roasted and treated to recover any remaining gold at a special treatment plant.Wooden model of a five heads gold stamper battery. The gold stamper battery is a device for crushing ore. The parts of the battery are cams; dies; guides; kingposts; mortar box; shoes; stamps (or stampers); tappets. gold mining, mining equipment, gold stamper

Grassmere is a small hamlet about 12 kilometres from Warrnambool. It is a farming area. The Grassmere Gold Mining Company, presumably established by local people in Grassmere, was created in 1898 for the purpose of acquiring from Messrs James and Mewha a lease of a Cassilis gold mine (23 acres). £5000 was to be raised in shares of five shillings and one shilling each. The Manager of the Company was Horatio Dickson of Melbourne and the brokers were McMeekin and Co. of Melbourne and Warrnambool and Dickson and Osborne of Melbourne. This reef mine was one of several in Cassilis, Gippsland, 12 kilometres north west of Swifts Creek. The gold-bearing quartz reefs were discovered in 1885 and worked to 1914. It is not known whether the Grassmere Cassilis mine was a financial success but the mining operations were impeded by the hardness of the stone in the area. William Robinson was a farmer in the Grasmere district. This receipt is of considerable interest as one of only three items the Warrnambool and District Historical Society has that is connected to the Grassmere Gold Mining Company. The gold mine establishment was one of the minor events in the district in the 1890s. This is a buff-coloured 1899 receipt for William Robinson who has paid six shillings and threepence for part payment of his shares in the Grassmere Gold Mining Company. The receipt has black printing and black-ink handwriting. There is one stamp of the Manager ‘H.S. Dickson’ and another of ‘Grassmere Gold Mining Company No Liability’. The receipt has several holes caused by silver fish damage. ‘March 11th 1899, Received from Mr Wm. Robinson the sum of six shillings and threepence being the amount of 3rd call of 1½ per share due on 50 shares nos. 12651/12700 in the above Company, H.S.Dickson, Manager’ grassmere, grassmere gold mining company, william robinson

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)A number of photographs taken at Tower Hill, including the lakes, volcanic ash layer, and koala.tower hill, ash layer, volcano

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Black and white image of Tower Hill, near Koroit, Victoria.tower hill, volcano, crater

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Panaramic view of Tower Hill, Victoria.tower hill, volcano, crater

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Black and white photograph of Tower Hill devoid of trees.tower hill, crossley, volcano

The World War One windows in the Barkly Street Uniting Church resulted from a request made in 1919 from the Barkly Street Young Men's Club who raised money to pay for the project. The window was designed by the Fisher Company, and was unveiled on 14 March 1920 at a total cost of 171 pounds 10 shillings. The windows are considered to be one of the most remarkable war memorial windows in Victoria, and the 1800s English Gothic-style front facade is believed to be protected by a City of Ballarat heritage overlay. Historical experts believe the windows were designed by renowned stained-glass window-maker William Montgomery. The centre window depicts a young soldier bearing an Anzac badge underneath the British and Australian flags. The image of the solider is surrounded by 24 crosses, a single dove and a bugle. A number of colour photographs of the interior of the Barkly Street Uniting Church taken while the church was offered for sale.barkly street uniting church, barkly street methodist church, world war one, world war one memorial, stained glass, soldier, religion, church

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Colour photographs of a lake in a volcanic crater at Tower Hill, Victoria. volcano, crater, lake, tower hill

Grassmere is a small hamlet about 12 kilometres from Warrnambool. It is a farming area. The Grassmere Gold Mining Company, presumably established by local people in Grassmere, was created in 1898 for the purpose of acquiring from Messrs James and Mewha a lease of a Cassilis gold mine (23 acres). £5000 was to be raised in shares of five shillings and one shilling each. The Manager of the Company was Horatio Dickson of Melbourne and the brokers were McMeekin and Co. of Melbourne and Warrnambool and Dickson and Osborne of Melbourne. This reef mine was one of several in Cassilis, Gippsland, 12 kilometres north west of Swifts Creek. The gold-bearing quartz reefs were discovered in 1885 and worked to 1914. It is not known whether the Grassmere Cassilis mine was a financial success but the mining operations were impeded by the hardness of the stone in the area. William Robinson was a farmer in the Grassmere district. This certificate is of considerable interest as one of only three items the Warrnambool and District Historical Society has that is connected with the establishment of the Grassmere Gold Mining Company. The gold mine establishment was one of the many minor events in the district in the 1890s. This is a small buff-coloured certificate detailing the shares of William Robinson in the Grassmere Gold Mining Company (1898). The certificate has green printing and black-ink handwriting. The bottom section (Form of Transfer) is not filled in. There is a stamp of the Grassmere Gold Mining Company with the words ‘No Liability’. There is a decorative pattern in green on the left margin with the address of the company and the name of the printer. ‘This is to certify that Wm. Robinson of Grassmere is a member of the above-named company and the proprietor of fifty (50) shares, numbering 12651/12700 therein, upon which the sum of one shilling has been paid up, subject to the Rules and Regulations of the Company. Dated this 15th day of September, 1898. W.J. Roland, Director, .H. (es) Dickson, Manager.’grassmere, grassmere gold mining company, william robinson, warrnambool

Victoria once had well over one hundred fire lookouts and firetowers. Fire lookouts, or observation posts, were often just a clearing on a hill or a vantage point, whereas firetowers were definite structures. Many were established by the Forests Commission Victoria (FCV) in the 1920s, but the network was expanded rapidly in response to recommendations of the Stretton Royal Commission after the 1939 Black Friday bushfires. When a fire or smoke was spotted from the tower a bearing was taken with the alidade and radioed or telephoned into the district office. It was then cross referenced with bearings from other towers on a large wall map to give a "fix" on the fire location Alidades and telescopes were used in the post war period but were replaced with a much simpler map table and reference string suspended from the centre of the tower cabin.Uncommon usageTelescope used in fire towers Ex military Kern Company NY Argus made in USA Adjustment lens, dials and focus ring Small spirit levelbushfire, forests commission victoria (fcv)

Original Yarrambat Primary School building at the Yarrambat Heritage Museum, Yarrambat Park. At the museum, visitors can gain an insight into Yarrambat’s past since non-Aboriginal settlement. The museum includes the original Yarrambat Primary School, which was moved to the site in 2000 and now serves as the Yarrambat Historical Society headquarters.The museum also includes a fully operational battery (gold-bearing ore crusher) driven by a McDonald 30HP diesel engine built in Richmond in 1938. The battery was relocated from the Golden King Mine in North Oatlands Road, Yarrambat, where it operated until 1984.1 Other exhibits include farming implements and machinery from the Yarrambat district. Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p25This collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, yarrambat heritage museum, yarrambat historical society, yarrambat primary school

Newspaper Clipping (p7) from "Catholic", No. 178, November 1998, contains the story written by Mother May Oliver, Imp. James O'Collins RC Bishop of Ballarat, January 1945, chapter 7 of "All for All", relating to the life of the 'the young girl countess Elizabeth Wolff-Metterich of Germany. The story revolves around her visit to Melbourne and Ballarat - in particular the visit to Lorretto - sighting of 'a tram (streetcar) bearing 'convent' as its head sign'. The reference to arrival by tram in the article suggests by the author that the Countess arrived by electric tram (by the use of the word 'streetcar'. In actual fact, date of visit was 1898, so it would have be the horse tram. Also horse tram system went down Morrison St. to the Lake, by Lorretto and its destination board was 'Gardens via Convent'.Niltrams, tramways, loreto convent chapel, countess elizabeth wolff-metterich, horse trams, catholic church

This image is one of a series of photographs taken by Melbourne based photographers Stevenson and McNicoll who visited Bacchus Marsh nearby districts between September and November 1883. The Royal Hotel was built in 1861 and is located on the corner of Main and Young Streets in Bacchus Marsh. The first owner was James Murray and the hotel was first known as the Murray Family Hotel. James Murray died in an accident in 1863 and sometime after this the ownership passed to Richard Manning. From around 1869 it became known as the Royal Hotel. Richard Manning's son Frederick Manning inherited the hotel in 1896. The Manning family owned the hotel until sometime after 1945. In more recent decades it has been owned and operated by a number of different people. The hotel continues to operate as of 2024. This image shows the building in its original structure. In 1888, five years after this image was taken, a second storey was added to the section on Young Street. In this image this section is the single storey section of wall without windows to the right of the picture. Small sepia 'carte de viste' style unframed photograph on card with gold border framing photograph. Housed in the album, 'Photographs of Bacchus Marsh and District in 1883 by Stevenson and McNicoll'. The image shows the Royal Hotel seen from the intersection of Main and Young Streets. The diagonal view shows both the Main Street and Young Street sides of the building. It is a two storey brick building with a single storey brick extension on the Young Street frontage. Standing at the corner of the building is a woman and five girls. A deep gutter runs along the Main Street, with a pedestrian crossing ramp. Over this crossing point, there is a large metal frame bearing an ornate lantern. Next to it is a water trough for horses. Several hitching posts can be seen along the footpaths.Printed On the front: Stevenson & McNicoll. Photo. 108 Elizabeth St. Melbourne. COPIES CAN BE OBTAINED AT ANY TIME. On the back: LIGHT & TRUTH inscribed on a banner surmounted by a representation of the rising sun. Copies of this Portrait can be had at any time by sending the Name and Post Office Money Order or Stamps for the amount of order to STEVENSON & McNICOLL LATE BENSON & STEVENSON, Photographers. 108 Elizabeth Street, MELBOURNE. stevenson and mcnicoll 1883 photographs of bacchus marsh and district, hotels bacchus marsh, royal hotel bacchus marsh, manning family bacchus marsh, murray family hotel bacchus marsh

James Bonwick (1817-1906), the Victorian educator and historian, acquired land in Kew on which to establish a home and school in 1853, not 1854 as more commonly stated. Bonwick returned to England in 1859 for a period, later returning to Melbourne and settling in St Kilda. He was the author of a number of histories and an official transcriber of Government records.This newly acquired document, from a former owner of 'Parkhill' (20 Hillcrest Avenue, Kew), is of statewide importance as it is the original copy of the agreement made between Thomas Judd of Parkhill and James Bonwick in 1853 for the purchase of land in Kew. Both Thomas Judd and James Bonwick were significant pioneers of Victoria.TRANSCRIPT [TITLE] Thomas Judd to James Bonwick Agreement for Sale of Land at Parish of Boroondara [PAGE 1] Articles of agreement made and entered into this the Twentyth eighth day of February One thousand Eight Hundred and fifty three Between Thomas Judd of Melbourne in the Colony of Victoria Gentleman of the one part and James Bonwick of Melbourne in the Colony of Victoria Gentleman of the other part whereby the said Thomas Judd agrees to sell unto the said James Bonwick who hereby agrees to purchase a piece or parcel of land containing two and half acres be the land more or less part of Portion Number Eighty five of the Parish of Boroondara in the County of Bourke commencing at a point on the Northern boundary line of the said Portion Seventeen Chains fifty links East from the North West angle of the same and bounded on the East by other part of said Portion in a line bearing South Eight Hundred and sixty two feet on the South by other part of said Portion Eighty five in a line bearing West one Hundred twenty six and half feet on the West by other part of said Portion Eighty five in a line bearing North Eight Hundred and Sixty two feet on the North by the Northern boundary line of the said Portion Eighty five in a line bearing East one Hundred twenty six and half feet to the commencing point at or for the price or sum of one [PAGE 2] One Hundred Pounds to be paid and payable in the manner hereinafter mentioned that is to say the Sum of Thirty pounds to be paid on the day of the date hereof and the sum of forty pounds by the acceptance of the said James Bonwick for that sum at three months bearing interest thereon after the rate of Eight Pounds per centum per annum and the Sum of Thirty pounds by the acceptance of the said James Bonwick for that sum after Six months with interest thereon after the rate of Eight pounds per centum per annum It is furthermore agreed that the said James Bonwick shall have access by a right of way fifteen feet wide reserved by the said Thomas Judd to the Government Road being the Southern Boundary of Portion Eighty five. That in case default shall be made in the payment of any of any of the Acceptances above mentioned the amount paid shall be actually forfeited to the said Thomas Judd who shall be at liberty to resell the premises. That upon payment of the whole amount of the purchase money the said Thomas Judd shall execute a conveyance of the premises to the said James Bonwick Such conveyance to be prepared by and at the expense of the said James Bonwick who - [PAGE 3] who shall also pay the cost of any attested copies he may require. ---- As witness the hands of the said parties this the twenty first day of February one thousand Eight Hundred and fifty Three. ----- [Signature] T. Judd [Signature] Jas Bonwick Witness [Signature illegible] £ Received Cash on account of the above 30.0.0 Thirty Pounds Bill at three Months with interest 42.4.0 Bill at Six Months with interest 31.4.0 _____ £103.8.0 _____ [Signature] T. Judd [Signature] Jas Bonwick ------------ Transcribed David White 25/08/2020 james bonwick, thomas judd, land titles - kew (vic), pioneers - kew - victoria

This specimen was donated in 1868 by Alfred Selwyn. Olivine is typically found in basic and ultra-basic igneous rocks around the world, in a variety of colours including yellowish green, olive green, greenish black and reddish brown with a transparent to translucent diaphaneity. The luster of the specimen is vitreous, the luminescence non-fluorescent and when fractured the mineral is very brittle producing small, conchoidal fragments. Chromian diopside is normally found in small sizes as the larger the size of the mineral the darker the colour is, almost black rather than green. Chromium is the element that gives chromian diopside and emeralds their rich green colour. Diopside is found across the world in multiple colours however gem-quality chromian diopside is mined in Siberia, Russia and prominent within the jewellery industry as a more affordable substitute to emeralds. Chromium-bearing diopside has been located across Australia. Chromium-bearing Diopside is located across the world found in North America, parts of South America, and across Australia, Africa, Europe and Asia. Chromium-bearing Diopside is mined in Siberia, Russia and is sold as a commercial substitute for emeralds. The stone is often turned into jewellery. This item is one of many geological and mineral specimens that constitute a broader collection obtained from various regions across Australia (as well as some international locales) and generously contributed to the Burke Museum between 1868 and 1880. A significant portion of these specimens originated from Victoria and were acquired as a result of the Geological Survey of Victoria, initiated in 1852 during the Gold Rush era. The primary objective of this survey was to investigate and chart the geological characteristics of Victoria. The procurement of geological specimens played a vital role in advancing our comprehension of the Earth's scientific composition and was instrumental in supporting research and educational institutions throughout Australia, including the Burke Museum, in their efforts to foster further exploration and study. A solid mineral specimen in shades of green, grey and brownburke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen

This photograph depicts a reef mine in Beechworth. Reef mining, or quartz reef mining, was common in 19th Century Victoria. This gold mining technique requires mine shafts to be sunk into underground quartz reefs, with horizontal tunnels dug from the original shaft at differing levels to find the gold-bearing rock. The quartz would then be hoisted to the surface, which would then be pounded to access the gold in its metallic state. Gold was discovered in Beechworth in February 1852, at Spring Creek. Within 11 months of that discovery, over 8000 hopeful prospectors quickly descended on this region, transforming it into a thriving, wealthy township. Reef mining and hydraulic sluicing were gold mining techniques used in this region in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This photograph interestingly contains dogs alongside the miners. While dogs have been recorded as deterrents to thieves in the Victorian goldfields, these dogs appear as companions to these men.The search for gold is ingrained into the history of Victoria and therefore, images like this one can reveal important information for society and technology for the date when the photograph was taken. It also shows a location where reef mining was undertaken which provides insight into the impact on the environment at a time when it was done. Although quartz is one of the most common minerals found in the earth's crust, it does not always contain gold. Those reefs that do are rare and highly sought after by prospectors. The Beechworth Burke Museum has additional images relating to gold mining which can be analysed and studied alongside images like this one.Sepia coloured rectangular photograph printed on gloss photographic paper. Obverse: Reverse: United Shire of Beechworth/ Shire Secretary/ Reef Mining, Beechworth./ 6167.abeechworth, burke museum, gold, gold mining, gold rush, victorian gold rush, reef mining, quartz, companion dog, horse and cart

This reproduced photograph depicts a reef mine in Beechworth. Reef mining, or quartz reef mining, was common in 19th Century Victoria. This gold mining technique requires mine shafts to be sunk into underground quartz reefs, with horizontal tunnels dug from the original shaft at differing levels to find the gold-bearing rock. The quartz would then be hoisted to the surface, which would then be pounded to access the gold in its metallic state. Gold was discovered in Beechworth in February 1852, at Spring Creek. 8000 hopeful prospectors quickly descended on this region within the year, transforming it into a thriving, wealthy township. Reef mining and hydraulic sluicing were gold mining techniques used in this region in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This reproduction photograph interestingly contains dogs alongside the miners. While dogs have been recorded as deterrents to thieves in the Victorian goldfields, these dogs appear as companions to these men.The search for gold is ingrained into the history of Victoria and therefore, images like this one can reveal important information for society and technology for the date when the photograph was taken. It also shows a location where reef mining was undertaken which provides insight into the impact on the environment at a time when it was done. The Beechworth Burke Museum has additional images relating to gold mining which can be analysed and studied alongside images like this one.Black and white rectangular reproduction photograph on gloss photographic paper. Obverse: Reverse: L is miners 26%/ 10 x 8/ 6167.bbeechworth, burke museum, gold, gold mining, gold rush, victorian gold rush, reef mining, quartz, companion dog, horse and cart

This Chart titled “Lady Bay and Warrnambool Harbour” was surveyed by Nav. Lieut. H.J. Stanley, of Britain's Royal Navy, in 1870 and printed in April 1871. The chart was made before the Warrnambool Breakwater was built (construction had begun in 1874 and was completed in 1890). The chart includes Directions for entering Lady Bay, Warrnambool Harbour. These are "Vessels entering Warrnambool Harbour must bring the Red Light in sight and steer in with it in line with the upper white Light bearing North, until the Green Light on the Jetty is opened, when steer towards it and anchor. The best anchorage is in 2 ¼ fms [fathoms)] of water, about a cable from ledge off Breakwater rock. Or where convenient, according to draught of water, only endeavouring to anchor as close as possible to Breakwater rock. It is not safe to enter or leave the Harbour in south westerly or Southerly gales.” This chart is significant for its strong connection to the maritime history of Warrnambool Harbour and Lady Bay, and eventually to the Warrnambool Breakwater. The Warrnambool Breakwater is registered as a place of significance on the Victorian Heritage Database (VHR H2024). A copy of the same chart was used to plan several submissions for future changes to the jetty and breakwater. The chart is a historical record of structures existing in 1870; the Warrnambool Jetties, Lady Bay, the leading lights (lighthouses), streets, roads, bridges and many buildings. It also shows the lay of the land and seabed.Canvas chart of Australia, South Coast, Victoria Title: Lady Bay and Warrnambool Harbour Surveyed by Nav. Lieut. H.J. Stanley, R.N., 1870. Magnet Variation, 1870 Published April 3, 1871, by the Admiralty, London. Directions for vessels entering Warrnambool Harbour are printed on the chart. The chart has a lacquer or seal over it.Top of chart has logo "HYDROGRAPHER OFFICE" "Price Eighteen Pence". "Engraved by Edward Weller" Along bottom of Chart: “London… Published at the Admiralty, 3rd April 1871, under the Superintendence of Rear Admiral G.H. Richards, F.R.S. Hydrographer, Corrections July 71” Bottom of chart “Australia South Coast Victoria Lady Bay and Warrnambool Harbour. 2494”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, chart of lady bay warrnambool 1870, warrnambool harbour, cartography, navigation, warrnambool breakwater, 1871, australia – south coast / victoria, lady bay, 1870, nav. lieut. h.j. stanley, r.n, directions for entering warrnambool harbour, hydrographer office, rear admiral g.h. richards, edward weller, port of warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, maritime museum, maritime village, shipwreck coast, map, chart, navigation chart, admiralty chart, breakwater, jetty, pier, vhr h2024

The goldfields resulted in the almost complete denuding of trees for access to the gold bearing land, for firewood and for the tanning industry. The need for wood further increased with the advent of deep quartz mining that required timbers for shoring up the shafts and tunnels. At some point in time it became necessary for timber to be carted long distances to fulfil the need. Between 1878 and 1884, the government set up 5 nurseries to try and rectify the shortage of native softwoods and encouraged the growth of State plantations and the thinning of trees to encourage growth of those remaining. 1907 - Creswick School of Forestry and Forest Management was started 1919 Establishment of the Forests Commission and the planting of many pine plantations 1924 Establishment of the first fire spotting towers Forest management tasks became a main project for "Susso" recipients during the Great Depression and again for internees during WWII.An 8 page document by David Bannear about the various industries of the Bendigo Goldfields and their effects on terraforming the local environment david bannear, central goldfields

Yields information about the drawings that were used by the depot or workshop staff as reference drawings. Has a strong association with the depot workshop staff. Yields information about equipment on Ballarat tramcars and Signalling.Folder containing 46 blueprints or Dyeline prints of SEC tram equipment drawings. Front of folder made from a cloth back sheet of paper extended to secure to a thick cardboard runner. Rear of folder made from an old tram advertising panel or cardboard sheet, cut to size and secured to a thick cardboard runner with a cloth backing on both sides. Sheets secured with three brass screwed clips. Front cover damaged in bottom right hand corner. Rear cover breaking apart on outside around cloth binding. Heavy dirt marks from “grease” on bottom half of rear cover. Contains 46 drawings which have been individually catalogued and numbered on the rear of each drawing within the folder. Some of the drawings have been folded. Reg Item Micro Film No. Old BTPS No. SEC Drawing No Title 4807 42/4 1 VB4/8103C Westinghouse T1F Controller Main Cylinder Segments. 4867 47/2 2 BA-T8-8128 Westinghouse 225N Motor Case Bolt 4830 22/3 B 3 BA-T7-7666 Half Ball Brake Hanger Link, Driving Wheel, Brill Maximum Traction Truck 22E 4868 44/3A 4 BA-T8-8113 Split Suspension Bearing for Type W225 Motor (Westinghouse) 4869 52/2 5 BA-T8-8158 Contact Tips for G.E. Compressor Controller 4818 52/3 6 BA-T8-8159 GE B-23 Contact Finger Tips for G.E. Type ‘B’ Main Cylinder 4870 6/1 7A BA-T3-6734 Brass Nut for Switch Mechanism 4829 6/2 7B BA-T3-6735 Tongue Clip Link for Switch Mechanism 4871 6/3 7C BA-T3-6736 Fulcrum for Switch Mechanism 4872 6/4 7D BA-T3-6737 Plunger for Switch Mechanism 4832 7/6 8 BA-T3-6754 Pivot for Switch Mechanism No numbers 9 or 10 4873 17/5 11 BA-T7-7639 Detail of Motor Pinion for Brill Cars 4831.2 21/4 B 12 BA-T7-7661A Half Ball Hanger Links – single bogie trucks 4874 21/6 13A BA-T7-7663 Axle Box Inner Spring Driving Wheels Maximum Traction Truck 22E 4875 22/1 13B BA-T7-7664 Axle Box Outer Spring Driving Wheels Maximum Traction Truck 22E 4876 22/2 14 BA-T7-7665 Body Spring Brill Maximum Traction Truck 22E 4830.2 22/3B 15 BA-T7-7666A Half Ball Brake Hanger Link Driving Wheel Brill Maximum Traction Truck 22E 4877 22/4 16 BA-T7-7667 Body Spring, Brush Maximum Traction Truck 22E 4820.2 22/6 A 17 BA-T7-7669 Wear cups for Half Ball Brake Hanger Links, Single & Double Bogie Trucks 4878 50/5 18 BA-T8-8149 Connections of Line Breaker and Ratchet Switch for use with Drum Controller 4879 74/6 19 BA-T13-8757/9 Signal boxes, Back of Panel Wiring and External Connections 4880 45/1 20 BA-T8-8116 Trolley Harp 4806 15/3 21 BA-T7-7625 Equalizing Lever, Fulcrum, Brill 21 E truck 4881 15/5 22 BA-T7-7626A Brake Beam Fulcrum Brill 21E truck 4808 16/1 23 BA-T7-7628 Pinion Remover, GE 201G and GE 202 motors 4882 16/3 24 BA-T7-7630 Spring Posts, Brill 21E Truck 4883 21/3 25 BA-T7-7660 Brake Shoe Holder, Driving Wheel, Maximum Traction Truck Brill 22E 4884 21/5 26 BA-T7-7662 Brake Rod Guide, Single Bogie Trucks 4885 22/5 27 BA-T7-7668 Brake Shoe Holder, Pony Wheel, Maximum Traction Truck Brill 22E 4809 42/2 B 28 BA-T8-8101 Trolley Wheel and Axle 4815 42/1 B 29 BA-T8-8102A Motor Suspension Bearing, GE 202 Motor 4796.2 42/5 30 BA-T8-8104 Connection Diagram WH 225N Motor 4886 42/6 B 31 BA-T8-8105B Motor Suspension Bearing, GE 201 Motor 4797.2 48/6 32 BA-T8-8137 WH T1F Controllers 4816 49/2 33 BA-T8-8138 Connection Diagram GE 202 Motor 4887 49/3 34 BA-T8-8139 Connection Diagram K-36-J Controller 4888 50/3 35 BA-T8-8146 GE K-36-JR Controllers, with line breaker (Connection diagram) 4889 50/6 36 BA-T8-8150 Commutator for Westinghouse 225N Motor 4846 51/1 37 BA-T8-8151A Armature Bearing Lining, Commutator End, Type GE 201G Motor 4813 51/2 38 BA-T8-8152 Armature Winding Diagram Westinghouse 225 Motor 4840.2 51/40 39 BA-T8-8154A Armature Bearing Lining, Pinion End, Type GE201G Motor 4890 51/6 40 BA-T8-8156 Armature Bearing Lining, Pinion End, Type GE202A Motor 4891 52/1 41 BA-T8-8157A Armature Bearing Lining, Commutator End, Type GE202A Motor 4892 64/5 42A BA-T9-8392A Step Hangers, Single and Double Bogie Trucks, Hinged Type 4785.2 64/6B 42B BA-T9-8392/1A Step Hangers, Single and Maximum Traction Trucks, Fixed Type 4812.2 43/1 43 BA-T8-8106B GE K36J Controller, Main Cylinder Segments 4893 50/2 44 BA-T8-8145A GE B23E Controller, Main Cylinder Segments 4816 65/2 45 BA-T9-8394B Door Lock for Motorman’ Cabin Maximum Traction Trucks. 4810 73/3 46 BA-T13-8757 Ballarat Electric Tramways Signalling System, Arrangements & Details of Box.On front cover of folder, "1 - 46"trams, tramways, drawings, ballarat, sec, depot, workshops

Railway systems have methods by which trains can proceed in safety from station to station, free from the risk of collision with other trains. These methods are generally known as "Safeworking" and they particularly apply to trains on single lines where trains run in opposite directions. The stations between these two sections are called crossing stations. A "Train Staff", a thick, round metal rod, bearing the name of the two stations is issued and these places are designated as Train Staff stations. No train is permitted to proceed through the section unless the train driver either takes the staff for the section into his possession or personally sights the staff. (Note that every station on the line is not a crossing station. These roles were performed at Barongarook, Gellibrand, Banool, Beech Forest, Wyelangta, Weeaproinah and Crowes.) Except for the period 1927-1939 when Train Section Orders were applied instead, due to declining business Train Staff and Ticket working was used throughout on the line.B/W. Driver Bill Brady holding the Train Staff in the cabin of Garratt locomotive G42, at Weeaproinah 1961 railways, bill brady, train driver, weeaproinah, train staff

Purchased from an opportunity shop, this dress is a stage costume bearing the label of Bonn & Mackenzie, a prominent UK costume designer from the 1950s to the 1970s. The dress appears to have been worn by June Bronhill (1929-2005), a prominent Australian opera singer and actress, whose name is handwritten on the label. Born June Mary Gough, she began using the stage name of Bronhill in 1952 in honour of her NSW home town of Broken Hill as a form of thanks to the local community who had helped raise money to send her overseas for professional training as a singer. Bronhill trained in London and gained early exposure with the English National Opera. She went on to star in many theatrical productions in Australia and the UK. She moved back to Australia permanently in 1976, and in 1980 was cast in her first television role as Mrs Crawford in the Australian version of 'Are You Being Served?'.Full-length short-sleeved dress of white cotton, lace and nylon, featuring elaborately ruffled sleeves and vertical stripes of lace on the skirt and bodice. The dress is open at the back, fastening with hooks and cotton ties to facilitate quick costume changes.Label, white cotton with red text: "BONN & MACKENZIE LTD. / TEMPLE BAR 1393". Handwritten underneath in black pen: "JUNE BRONHILL".june bronhill, bonn & mackenzie, theatre costume

During the depression of the early 1930s, men on the dole carried out work for the Wodonga Shire Council. One of the projects during the term of councillor Mick Martin, as shire president, was to seal the footpaths in central Wodonga. Local business people supplied the cement. The police department refused to fund the cement for its section of High Street, north of the railway line, which included the police station and the courthouse. The then licensee of the Terminus Hotel offered to provide the cement for sealing the footpath in front of the police station and courthouse. This offer was made on the condition that tiles bearing the words Terminus Hotel be inserted into the footpath pointing toward the hotel.The police objected but the hotel licensee, Tex Bailey, won the day. As a result, his hotel’s tiled name was inserted into the footpath in front of the police station. Cr Mick Martin’s son, Des, wrote to the council in 1967 asking that the sign be preserved and it was moved to the Terminus Hotel and placed in the footpath there.The Terminus Hotel was one of the earliest hotels in Wodonga with clear links to the establishment of the railway line. It was an important business and meeting place for social gatherings.The name, Terminus Hotel worked into the brickwork of the footpath when they were surfaced by sustenance workers during the 1930s Depression. "TERMINUS HOTEL"hotels wodonga, businesses wodonga, terminus hotel wodonga

Warrant officer Mike Hoffman ran from Adelaide to Melbourne in 1985 as a fundraiser for Legacy that raised over $5,000. This photo shows him presenting Melbourne Legacy with a letter from Adelaide Legacy. It mentions that the long distance run began in Adelaide on 20 September and reached Melbourne on 27 September. Legatee Larkin was filling in for the president and accepted the letter. WO2 Hoffman had carried the scroll during his marathon run from Adelaide to Melbourne. The photo had been sent to Legacy by Army Public Relations. The photo came from a Legacy envelope marked "P3 Fund Raising" in red pen, with assorted photos of fundraising events, including appeal tins in different years and a charity concert, and a fundraising marathon run (some are items 00433 to 00438, 01410 to 01415).A record of an Army officer doing a long distance run to fundraise for Legacy in 1985.Black and white photo of Warrant Officer Mike Hoffman and a Legatee holding a message from Legacy Club of Adelaide. White paper note typed in black ink ‘MELA 85/199/14 Thanks from the widows and children of Legacy was the message from Legatee Larkin. Legatee Larkin was deputising for the president of Melbourne Legacy when received, from Warrant Officer Class Two Mick Hoffman a scroll bearing greetings from Adelaide Legacy. WO2 Hoffman had carried the scroll during his marathon run from Adelaide to Melbourne in an effort that raised over five thousand dollars for Legacy. Stamped on reverse of photo is an 'Army Public Relations Photo MELA' stamp in black ink and '85/199/14' handwritten in pencil.fundraising, legacy promotion

These medals are part of the Lawless Collection. The Lawless family lived in Orbost from 1907 - c 1920. John Francis Lawless had a saddlery shop. He died at an early age - 47 years - June 7 1912, leaving his wife, Elizabeth and seven children. The eldest son, Victor Rowland lawless volunteered for serv ice in WW1 but did not leave Australia because of illness. The second son, Edward Vincent Lawless (b 1895 d 1917) worked for McCoy & Co. in Orbost, coachbuilding, undertakers, general blacksmiths and farriers, prior to enlisting in WW!. He was trained as a signaller and was sent to France where he was killed in action on 9.10.1917. Elizabeth Lawless worked as a ladies' nurse (midwife) in Orbost prior to leaving the district in 1920. She lived to 6.6.1975 aged 104 years. The British War Medal was a medal given to people who had fought in the First World War. The Victory Medal (also called the Inter-Allied Victory Medal) is a First World War campaign medal of Britain and her then colonies and dominions which included Australia.These personal documents, photographs, medals and books give an insight into the human element of World War 1 ensuring that those who were part of the Orbost community and died while playing a vital role during this time are remembered.Two medals in recognition of service during WW1. 1846.3 is a silver medal a WW1 1914-18 British War Medal. Obverse: Bare head of King George V facing left; text around, 'GEORGIVS V BRITT: OMN: REX ET IND: IMP:'; the artist's initials 'B.M.' (Bertram MacKennal) are on the neck truncation. Reverse: Naked figure of St. George on horseback advancing right trampling a shield bearing an eagle design and a skull and crossbone. It has a blue/white/orange striped ribbon attached. 1846.4 is a gold coloured medal. The obverse in the medal shows the winged, full-length, full-front, figure of 'Victory' with her left arm extended and holding a palm branch in her right hand. The reverse has the words ‘THE GREAT / WAR FOR / CIVILISATION / 1914-1919' in four lines, all surrounded by a laurel wreath. It has a purple/blue/green/yellow and orange striped ribbon attached.medals ww1 lawless-family