This marble stopper bottle came from the Warrnambool aerated waters manufacturer, John Rowley. A marble stopper bottle was filled upside down so that as soon as the filling stopped the stopper was forced down to seal the bottle against the rubber ring. Pressure inside the bottle would keep the marble pressed against the top of the bottle. To open the bottle the marble was pressed down where it would fall into the neck chamber below. The marble would stay inside the chamber when the bottle was tilted up for drinking. John Rowley (1837-1893) was born in England and came to Australia in 1856. In 1865 he opened a branch of the Geelong Corio Brewery at the corner of Timor and Banyan Streets, Warrnambool, bottling the beer, not brewing it. In 1870 this business was closed and Rowley developed his soft drinks business which he had established in 1868. In 1872 the business was called the Warrnambool Steam Aerated Works when a steam engine was purchased from Melbourne. By this time the factory was turning out 600 dozen bottles a day. For some time Rowley also had a factory in the Western District town of Hamilton. By the 1880s the Warrnambool factory was occupying half an acre of land, was employing 13 people and manufacturing 20 varieties of drinks. Rowley was active in community affairs, serving four years on the Warrnambool Council and he was on the committees of the Warrnambool Hospital and the Mechanics’ Institute.This bottle is of great interest as it comes from the factory of the prominent 19th century Warrnambool aerated waters manufacturer, John Rowley. This is one of the few bottles we have from the Rowley factory. Cordial manufacturing was an important industry in Warrnambool for over 100 years and John Rowley was a key figure in this industry. This is a marble stopper green-coloured glass bottle. The body is rounded with a round base and it has deep indentations at the top of the body that narrows to form a small chamber. The neck tapers to the top of the bottle which has a moulded glass top and a rubber ring inside the top. A green marble is loose in the neck chamber. Details of the soft drinks manufacturer are impressed into the glass on the side of the bottle. ‘J.S.Rowley’s Aerated Waters Warrnambool & Hamilton’ ‘D. K.’ john searle rowley, warrnambool, cordial manufacturers in warrnambool, history of warrnambool

Displayed in History House.Grey receipt book with red cloth binding.Front: - Back: -

This glass ginger beer bottle was manufactured and used early to late 1900's, until the time that cheaper containers were invented(plastic bottles). This bottle was so constructed to be easily moved within the ginger beer processing plants from the brewing vats/holding tanks to the final corking/sealing of the bottles for eventual distribution. From 1990s the bottle slowly became phased out of production however boutique suppliers still preferred thick glass to contain any explosive action. Two major glass bottle works companies, e.g. Australian Glass Manufacturers and the Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co. were the main suppliers for the Victorian State.In the period when this bottle was manufactured and used the major ginger beer brewing plants for the whole of Victoria were located in Melbourne because this was where its greatest consumer base was there and most rural areas were supplied by domestic sources (mother brewing ginger beer for the children). The Kiewa Valley and its region was one rural area which until road invrastructure was enhance covered the ginger beer thirst by local family production. As the population expanded considerably in the late 1940's (SECV Hydro Scheme) with a greater demand for "soft" drinks" being established supplies from larger towns and cities were call for. Each bottle was "branded" during manufacturing to show the contents were from a reputable supplier (PHIBBS Bros) and where it originated from. These bottles were recycled by the manufacturer as a way to cut production costs. This method of recycling the bottles back to the specific manufacturer has (except for South Australia)been overtaken by a no cost recycling collection by councils (funded by their communities). This method by passes the user cost principle as the bottles are processed as non generic. The uneconomical "on cost" which was replaced by the "throw away" less costly plastic containers however did not provide the keen domestic brewer of the "beer" with a reusable bottle.This heavy gauged glass bottle (Ginger Beer) has a rim and a distinctive head at the top. This head has been manufactured to facilitate the movement of the bottled along the production line. The method of pouring ginger beer into the bottle has been part of the "production line" process of automation. This bottle has a capacity to hold 250ml of ginger beer and is made from "clear" glass. The marority of ginger beer bottles produced in this time frame where made with a "green" tint in them.This tinting helped reduce the sunlight effecting the contentsAround the bottom side of the bottle and blown into the glass is "THIS BOTTLE IS THE PROPERTY OF PHIBBS BROS, ALBURY" above this, in "running script" and sloping up from left to right is "Phibbs Bros" and underneath parallel to it "ALBURY". On the base of the bottle is molded a big "L 289" underneath this "M" and below this "AGM".ginger beer bottle, soft drink bottles, cordial bottles

This bottle was used in a period when "soft" drink ginger beer was "brewed" not only in homes but also in specific breweries. Most rural areas had families which produced their own ginger beer. Medium to large towns and cities had ginger beer "factories". These factories had large "on bottle" advertising who the producer was. This producer advertising was firmly infused into the bottle and not on removable labels (late 1900's on wards). Regional breweries had a strong following, similar to State beer producing breweries. The competition between breweries of ginger beer was regional and not state or international. Return of bottles was not a sign of saving the environment or becoming eco- friendly but a requirement to keep production costs low. This is highlighted by "This bottle Remains the Property", in other words return when empty. Up to the end of the second World War Australian "soft drink" demand was for local produce. The American invasion of other flavours of "soft drink" came in the 1950's. Multi -Corporations producing non alcoholic beverages at lower production costs reduced local manufacturers considerably. This however had little effect on semi isolated rural areas where home brews flourished.This bottle shows the impact that small regional towns had and still have on semi isolated rural communities(Kiewsa Valley). With better communications (radio/television/newspapers) and a better transport connections specialised breweries such as the Wangaratta Brewery had an extensive customer "hinterland" to serve. The "canny" rural population would be able to reuse this bottle for their own specific purpose. Because of the long distances between Kiewa Valley residences and the major towns available to them, the issue of adaptability of any purchases made was always closely linked to their long term usefulness.This bottle is made from thick clear glass and has a capacity of one and a half pints. It has a flat top with a wooden screw stopper (internal thread). On one side "THIS BOTTLE REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF WANGARATTA BREWERY PTY LTD" On the top rim of bottle on both sides "17". On the bottom of the base are "AGM" AND "346"ginger beer bottle, soft drink bottles, cordial bottles, wangaratta drinks

This booklet contains the Program for the Back to Warrnambool Celebrations for 1930. It contains a brief history of the town and photos of current council Office bearers and local scenic spots. There is also a map of the town and a large number of advertisements for local businesses. Back to Warrnambool celebrations were an important event on the social calendar and were run over a number of years in the town. This program is one glimpse into the city and its people in 1930. Some of the events held over the week included processions, sports Carnivals, concerts, card playing, Church services and local tours. Many of the advertisements are for businesses of long standing and importance to the prosperity of the town. Twenty page Booklet with light card, grey, mottled cover. Text in brown and blue. Picture of Warrnambool main beach in centre. Price 2/- in bottom right corner. Back cover has full page advertisement for Bruce and McClure. Text and illustrations are brown. M Armstrong is written in blue biro on top right corner. Song “Back to Warrnambool,” written and composed by Reg A.A. Stoneham,” is printed below picture on front cover. Published by A.A. Stoneham, 241 Carlisle St, Balaclava.younger pty ltd, warrnambool, back to warrnambool, 1930, souvenir program, warrnambool cordials, morse pty, swinton, warrnambool cheese and butter factory, batros shoes, tattersalls hotel, bruce and mcclure, warrnambool woollen mill, reg a. a. stoneham

Glass manufacturing has evolved over thousands of years. Glass making has been traced back to 3500 BC in Mesopotamia. The earliest known glass objects were beads, perhaps made by accident while working with metal. In the late Bronze Age, several civilizations discovered how to make vessels and glass bottles by wrapping threads of melted glass around cores of sand or clay. Later, moulds were used to form dishes and table wares. Around the 1st century BC, glassblowing was discovered. This made glass containers less expensive than pottery. Mould-blown glass, the process of blowing a piece of molten glass into a wooden or metal mould, was invented during the 1st century AD. This technique was faster with more consistent results. It paved the way for mass production. It wasn’t until the late 1800s that the production process to become more efficient. In 1887, a company in England created a semi-automatic process that could produce up to 200 bottles an hour. This process has been refined to the point where modern machines can yield more than 600 containers per minute. Blown vs. Manufactured Glass Bottles Nowadays, glass bottles, jars, and cups are usually manufactured on a bigger scale than is found in individual glassblowing studios. If we still depended on hand-blown glass for all of our glass containers, we would see some major differences in the process of creating bottles and jars. First, there's the time. Hand blowing glass takes a significant amount of time, even for one simple container. In contrast, hundreds of jars per minute can be made using modern technology. This leads to the second advantage: price. Because of the automated and streamlined process, the price for manufactured containers is much lower than that of hand-blown glass. Third, manufactured bottles will be much more consistently uniform than bottles blown by hand. Automated glass manufacturing produces nearly identical batches of jars. Glass blowing is awesome for unique, beautiful pieces of art. But for lots of lower priced and uniformly shaped containers, automatic manufacturing is the preferred method to create glass bottles and jars. https://www.containerandpackaging.com/resources/glass-bottles-brief-history The invention and development of glass for domestic items including bottles, has been nothing short of revolutionary. The use of glass bottles, that could be easily washed, led to improved hygiene, and mass manufacturing of drinks of all types, including milk, cordial and alcoholic beverages.Green Glass Bottle Possibly a ginger beer bottle.Concave indentation at the base. Also on base are two raised lumps. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, glass

Dark green, buff spine and corners book. Written on outside of spine 'Wages Book' Contains following information, in columns as listed, re employees: Name of Employee, Computation of Wages, Overtime, Total Amount. Signature of employee. Each week ending has a summary of where salaries were earned, in addition to wages earned. Amount paid in cheques also listed.business, cohn brothers, wages book, cohn bros, bendigo, brewing, cordial manufacture

Carbon copy of a letter dated 27 June, 1938. Letter is to A. S. Bloomfield, Esq. No name of who it is from. Items mentioned are: What the Scalebuoy Process is, Fields of Application, Installations operating in the State of Victoria, Patents, Gross Margin of Profits, Promotion and Finance, Manufacture and Working Capital.sciences, instruments - general, scalebuoy, bill ashman collection - correspondence, scotts hotel, a s bloomfield esq, nell gwynne gold mine bendigo, crown hotel bendigo, hunters cordial factory, ice works bendigo, victorian railways, bendigo electronic company of (australia) pty ltd, r h s abbott, h a abbott

Handled Plug Lid Yellow Liquid Wheel SymbolSoft Drinks Trade Marchant & Co Australia

Crumbling label S&H in a red Cycle, almost like the Japanese flag white cork lidS&H concentrated soluble Essence of Orange - Kola Guarantees Quality Stevenson & Howell limited, London

turnable cork lid black bordered label with orange inside the border. Black writing reads Golden Orange Trade mark symbol in the top right within the borderMarchant & Co Soft Drinks Golden Orange A fresh Fruit Drink Trade Mark Rego Australia The Property of Marchant & Co Its use by others is Illegal Wak Grade

Faded label with a Polar Bear on it Rusted lidOrange flavour Perservatised This Food contains not more than three and on half of Grains of menzok acid to the pint Artificially Coloured

Has a rusted Lid no label just inscriptions seems to have had a label at some stageEBERHARD & Co (Crown like symbol) This bottle is the property of EBERHARD & Co Glumes & Talbot

Yellow Label with Pink to Faded Pink picture of a man wearing a hat on the label top left Metal lid that has RustedPunch Lemon Lemonade This Bottle always remains the property of H Jausburn artificially Coloured an Ideal winter or summer Beverage

Very faded label, dark blue to what seemed red on the label and there seems to be a glass on this labelMilky way imitation Base Flavours Cohn Bros LTD Bendigo Swan hill Raspberry Suitable also for ice blocks

Tall Bottle with a Label that looks goodEckersley & Sons Pty. Ltd Highly Concentrated Soluble Essences LB.NETT Manufacturers Melbourne Lemon

Document. Cohn Bros. Collection. Red, blue & cream cardboard book with red spine. Certificate stubs 1 to 250. All with names, dates & number of shares held. Some who the shares were transferred to. Part of the front & back cover torn off.organization, business, cohn bros, cohn bros. collection, brewers, cordial & aerated water manufacturers, share certificates

Document. Cohn Bros. Collection. Partly used receipt book for Cohn Bros. Ltd Ice Works. Has names of customers.organization, business, cohn bros, cohn bros. collection, brewers, cordial & aerated water manufacturers, ice sales

Document. Cohn Bros. Collection. 1 - Hand written, two pages taped together with Liabilities & Assets dated Apr 30, 1926. 2 - Three pages pinned together. Handwritten Total of deliveries and totals after deducting Cohuna Trade. 2nd page - Branch 'Returns' to Head Office. 3rd page - Only Plant written on it. 3 - Statement of Assets & Liabilities dated Oct 31, 1911. 4 - Lt brown envelope with notes 10/1/1927.organization, business, cohn bros, cohn bros. collection, brewers, cordial & aerated water manufacturers, financial statements

Document. Cohn Bros. Collection. Buff envelope containing three pieces of paper. One is an Income Tax Schedule for 1908. 2 - is a financial statement at 30 Apr 1908. 3 - is a hand written Profit/Loss statement written on large pale green lined paper. Copy Income Tax Schedule for 1908 & rough figures re- same.organization, business, cohn bros, cohn bros. collection, brewers, cordial & aerated water manufacturers, income tax 1908

Document. Cohn Bros. Collection. Pale green forms which have the second part of them torn off. It lists the number of stamps purchased and their denomination and the total cost. Stamps were purchased for The Beer Excise Act 1901. All pages are signed.organization, business, cohn bros, cohn bros. collection, brewers, cordial & aerated water manufacturers, the beer excise act 1901