This shaped ink bottle made by Caldwell's is called a 'boat ink bottle'. It was shaped especially to hold a nib pen when the pen was not in use. The design of the bottle is sometimes called a ‘cottage’ or ‘boat’ shape. The Caldwell’s handmade glass ink bottle was mouth-blown into a two-piece mould, a method often used in the mid-to-late 19th century. The glass blower burst the bottle off the end of his blowpipe with a tool, leaving an uneven mouth and sharp edge on the bottle, which was usually filed. The bottle was then filled with ink and sealed with a cork. More expensive bottles would have a lip added, which was more time-consuming and costly to produce. The capacity for a bottle such as this was about 3 ½ oz (ounces) equal to about 100 ml. Pen and ink have been in use for handwriting since about the seventh century. A quill pen made from a bird’s feather was used up until around the mid-19th century. In the 1850s a steel point nib for the dip pen was invented and could be manufactured on machines in large quantities. The nis only held a small amount of ink so users had to frequently dip the nib into an ink well for more ink. Handwriting left wet ink on the paper, so the blotting paper was carefully used to absorb the excess ink and prevent smudging. Ink could be purchased as a ready-to-use liquid or in powdered form, which needed to be mixed with water. In the 1880s a successful, portable fountain pen gave smooth-flowing ink and was easy to use. In the mid-20th century, the modern ballpoint pen was readily available and inexpensive, so the fountain pen lost its popularity. However, artisans continue to use nib pens to create beautiful calligraphy. Caldwell’s Ink Co. – F.R. Caldwell established Caldwell’s Ink Company in Australia around 1902. In Victoria, he operated from a factory at Victoria Avenue, Albert Park, until about 1911, then from Yarra Bank Road in South Melbourne. Newspaper offices were appointed as agencies to sell his inks, for example, in 1904 the New Zealand Evening Star sold Caldwell’s Flo-Eesi blue black ink in various bottle sizes, and Murchison Advocate (Victoria) stocked Caldwell’s ink in crimson, green, blue black, violet, and blue. Caldwell’s ink was stated to be “non-corrosive and unaffected by steel pens”. A motto used in advertising in 1904-1908 reads ‘Makes Writing a Pleasure’. Stationers stocked Caldwell’s products and hawkers sold Caldwell’s ink stands from door to door in Sydney in the 1910s and 1920s. In 1911 Caldwell promised cash for returned ink bottles and warned of prosecution for anyone found refilling his bottles. Caldwell’s Ink Stands were given as gifts. The company encouraged all forms of writing with their Australian-made Flo-Eesi writing inks and bottles at their impressive booth in the ‘All Australian Exhibition’ in 1913. It advertised its other products, which included Caldwell’s Gum, Caldwell’s Stencil Ink (copy ink) and Caldwell’s Quicksticker as well as Caldwell’s ‘Zac’ Cough Mixture. Caldwell stated in a 1920 article that his inks were made from a formula that was over a century old, and were scientifically tested and quality controlled. The formula included gallic and tannic acids and high-quality dyes to ensure that they did not fade. They were “free from all injurious chemicals”. The permanent quality of the ink was important for legal reasons, particularly to banks, accountants, commerce, municipal councils and lawyers. The Caldwell’s Ink Company also exported crates of its ink bottles and ink stands overseas. Newspaper advertisements can be found for Caldwell’s Ink Company up until 1934 when the company said they were the Best in the business for 40 years.This pen and ink bottle set is of significance as the bottle has its original cork and retains remnants of ink, which was made from a recipe that at the time was over 100 years old, according to Caldwell.. The handmade, mould blown method of manufacture is representative of a 19th-century handcraft industry that is now been largely replaced by mass production. The bottle and its contents are of state significance for being produced by an early Melbourne industry and exported overseas. The pen and ink set is historically significant as it represents methods of handwritten communication that were still common up until the mid-20th century when fountain pens and modern ballpoint pens became popular and convenient and typewriters were becoming part of standard office equipment.Victorian boat ink bottle; small rectangular clear glass ink bottle with horizontal grooves made in the glass for resting and holding the pen. The set includes one pen and nib with the bottle and cork. The bottle is made by Caldwell's and contains its Flo-Eesi Blue Black Ink brand."Caldwell's Flo-Eesi Blue Black Ink."flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, ink, nib pen, writing ink, writing, copying, banks, lawyers, commerce, student, permanent ink, flo-eesi, blue black ink, stationery, record keeping, handwriting, writing equipment, writing accessory, office supply, cottage bottle, boat bottle, mouth-blown bottle, two-part mould, sheer-lip bottle, burst-lip, cork seal, f r caldwell, caldwell’s ink company, albert park, south melbourne, inkstands, stencil ink, copy ink, quicksticker, zac cough mixture

Undated catalogue outlining a range of respirators available through Garthur (London) Ltd.Pale blue [discoloured] cardboard covered book with blue pages printed in black ink, bound by a staple through the spine.Handwritten in blue ink on front cover: P. Penncatalogue, repirator, respiration, medical equipment, medical device

Letter to F.G. Davey from the author Martin Middlebrook thanking Davey for his offer to provide an eyewitness account of the 'Raid on Nuremburg'. In the letter Middlebrook confirms that Davey's Lancaster (ME694) was damaged in combat with a JU88 during the raid. Part of the F.G> Davey Collection. See Cat No 3536P for his service record.Typed letter in black type on cream coloured paper. Printed letterhead and footer in blue type. Text is above a handwritten signature in blue ink.Handwritten signature in blue ink: 'Martin Middlebrook'letter, f.g. davey, raid on nuremburg, martin middlebrook

Uncompleted forms for receipt of money at the Brighton Road Playground Improvement Carnival, 1921Blue coloured uncompleted paper forms printed in blueNumbered 43-59, stamped in blue. Name of the Treasurer stamped in purple. (17 forms)brighton road playground, city of st kilda

Ceramic shard with a cream gloss glaze finish and a pictorial design painted in bluePictorial design painted in bluepottery, ceramic, archaeology

Ceramic shard with a cream gloss glaze finish and a pictorial design painted in bluePictorial design painted in bluepottery, ceramic, archaeology

Model of a Canberra Bomber Mk. 20, silver with a dark blue tail and red, white and blue circlesRAAF decal, red, white and blue circles A84-307model, aircraft, canberra bomber

Skiing was started as an industry in the near by skiing village of Falls Creek, when many of the migrant workers who were employed by the Kiewa Hydro Scheme thought the near by snow fields would be a good place to ski. Gradually this village has developed into a major skiing resort during the Victorian winter. Many people who lived in Mt Beauty, Bogong Village or Falls Creek itself have either grown up snow skiing or spend their winters skiing. As a consequence Falls Creek developed a skiing community from this base and some skiers went onto represent Australia in skiing competitions and the Winter Olympic games due to their association with Falls Creek and or Mt Beauty. These skiis were used by Doug Mc Conville in the 1976 Winter Olympics. He crashed in his Olympic event. Doug Mc Conville skied locally at Falls Creek.Pair of dark blue Dynastar downhill skis with lighter blue red & white logo. Stainless steel, red & black bindings with S626 1.2.3.4.inscription. Blue tags at zip ends. Y180 9 kL37 09 11565 Dynastar Polysoft Label on skis (red white blue label) on dark blue skis - Bindings S626 1.2.3.4. Salomondownhill skis. bindings. doug mc conville. 1976 olympics. snow. falls creek.

Royal blue faded tshirt with 'New Beginnings' and 'Association for the Blind' in white writingRoyal blue faded tshirt with 'New Beginnings' and 'Association for the Blind' in white writingAssociation for the Blind New Beginnings TMassociation for the blind, advertising

Dark blue patch with white logo design, detached from school uniform. Part of the uniform of Greensborough Secondary College circa 1990.Dark blue patch with white logo design.Greensboorough Secondary Collegegreensborough secondary college

Letter to W.J.L. Bennetts from the Ordnance Factory, Bendigo, officially recognising his intention to retire at the age of 65. Item in the collection of William John Leslie Bennetts. See catalogue no. 9886P for details of his service.Foolscap sized cream coloured page. Commonwealth of Australia letterhead in blue print. Text of letter in black type. Signature of author handwritten in blue ink.Handwritten signature at bottom of letter in blue ink.william bennetts, bendigo ordnance factory, letter

Receipts for Brighton Road Playground Improvement FundBuff coloured paper printed in blueNumbered 245-252, stamped in blue. (8 forms)city of st kilda, brighton road playground

1984-1986 uniform of that era.Navy Blue wide brim felt hostess hat with a brown and yellow hat band. White tag with WEISS Australia and Medium for size.uniform, hat, hostess, stewardess, flight attendants, blue, weiss

Brought to the Ovens Goldfields by Chinese men working in the area in the 19th century. Most likely made in China.Aldo Gios recorded the location of where most pieces in his collection were found. Some maps drawn by Aldo Gios, also give more detail. This detail is rare as most pieces of broken crockery were discarded and complete items were usually collected with no thought to recording the location where they were found. This object is part of one of the largest collections of Chinese ware found in the Upper Ovens area and the only one recording the location where found.Chinese porcelain spoon, design in glazed celadon, with dark blue pattern.Dark blue pattern, swirls and dashes.chinese, spoon, gios, tableware, glaze, porcelain, buckland, celadon

Letter dated 18 February 1943 from E. Russell of the Hostel Committee to Mr F.P. Makin to confirm his appointment as caretaker of the Club's premises at 1267 Bourke Road at a remuneration rate of £2 per week. The hostel manager Mr Craig would be responsible for paying the remuneration to Mr Makin.A record of employment process and business correspondence in 1943.Blue quarto copy paper, black type, two hole punched.Initialled in blue ink by E. Russell.residences, holmbush, staff

This lanyard was an item of uniform worn by Lou Calvitto, a member of Woodend RSL. The blue colour of the lanyard denotes that Lou was a member of the 1st Royal Victorian Regiment.Blue fabric lanyard. There is one large loop at

Founded in 1856, the Mission adopted, as its symbol, a flying angel inspired by a verse from the Book of Revelation (14:60) “Then I saw a flying angel in mid-heaven, with an eternal gospel to proclaim to those on earth, to every nation and tribe, language and people” The mission to Seamen became the Mission to Seafarers at turn of the 20th to 21st century. A new logo and graphic of the Angel of the revelation was produced.The change from seamen to seafarers recognised that many seafarers are not exclusively male. Cooks, spouses, cadets, officers have increasingly come from a broader range of gender.Commissioned blue flag with Mission to Seafarers insignia. Mounted on long wooden pole with pointed ferrule at end, corded artificial silk with two tassels. 'MISSION TO SEAFARERS'flag, missions to seafarers, blue, ferrule, tassels, wood, pole

Banner with Australian flag design plus word "Australia", printed in red, white and blueBanner with Australian flag design plus word "Australia", printed in red, white and blueaustralian culture, flags

Invitation to Mrs V. Horn to a reception given by the Mayoress of St Kilda, Mrs G.A.R. Manning, at St Kilda Town Hall on 29 October 1970.White card, discoloured with age, printed in blueName of invitee handwritten in blue: Mrs. V. Hornst kilda mayoral function

Items issued to Mavis Keillor, refer Cat No 3402 for her service details.1. Jacket - Polyester/Wool, Navy Blue with Black buttons. 2. Skirt - Polyester/Wool, Navy Blue. 3. Belt - Polyester/Wool, Navy blue with black buckle. 4. Cap - Polyester/wool, Navy blue, embroidered RAAF Insignia.1. Embroidered wings each shoulder. Metal badges each sleeve - wireless. 3 stripes embroidered in light blue cotton. Blue and red, 3 stripes lower left sleeve.wraaf uniform, ww2

Letter from Martin Middlebrook to F.G. Davey requesting information about the 'Raid on Nuremburg' about which Middlebrook was writing a book. Part of the F.G. Davey Collection. See catalogue no. 3536P for his service record.Opened airmail letter in black type on blue paper over a handwritten signature. Reverse side has sender and recipient's addresses in black type. Front panel has recipient's address in black type. A printed postage stamp in blue, black and white is located in the top right hand corner of the front panel. In the top left hand corner is a blue rectangular panel with the words 'BY AIRMAIL AIR LETTER' in white type. On the reverse, the sender's address section is marked with blue lines and a warning in blue type advising that the letter should not include enclosures.Handwritten signature in blue ink: 'Martin Middlebrook'letter, f.g. davey, raid on nuremburg, martin middlebrook

Words and music of a song composed for Junior Legatees by Ivan Layton, Executive Officer of Melbourne Legacy accompanied by a letter from him donating the song to Melbourne Legacy.Forms part of the activities of the Junior Legatees of the time and is indicative of post war values.Song sheet (00085.1): White folded paper, dark blue and black printing Accompanying letter (00085.2): foolscap blue on white paper, black typingSigned in blue pen by Ivan E. Layton (composer)junior legatee, songs

Blue Eye' owned by Horst FischerColour photograph of the catamaran Blue Eye on the slips with the scallop fishing boat the Windrode on the right, at Eastern wharf slipway, Lakes Entrance, Victoria.fishing industry, ships and shipping, slipway

Vitreous enamel coated steel bowl. Off white in colour with dark blue trim around the edge of the rim.No visible markings.containers, domestic, vitreous enamel, bowl, white, blue, smokehouse, domestic.