The beginning of standardised weights and measures began In Victoria when the Melbourne Observatory received sets of standard weights and measures, which had been tested in Britain against the then British Imperial standards. These included the primary standard yard and pound for the Colony of Victoria. Other standards of weights and measure held by shires and the administrative body's within the colony could then be compared to these primary standards. A Weights and Measures Act was passed in Victoria in 1862, establishing local inspectors throughout the colony. By the 1870s each local council and shire in Victoria held a set of standards that were used to test scales, weights and dry measures used by wholesalers, factories and shops. Every ten years the councils’ standards would themselves need to be rechecked against the Victorian Standards. The checking was done by the Victorian Customs Department in the 19th century, but with the transfer of responsibility for customs to the Federal Government in 1901, weights and measures function was retained by the Victorian Government and was shifted to the Melbourne Observatory. In 1904, a new building was erected at the south end of the Great Melbourne Telescope House, where the standard weights and measures and testing equipment was installed. This room had a large whirling apparatus for testing air meters and became known as the Whirling Room. When the Melbourne Observatory closed in 1944, the Weights and Measures Branch was formed to continue and this branch remained at the Observatory site unit until 1995. J & M Ewan History: J&M Ewan was a Melbourne firm that began by selling retail furniture and wholesale ironmongery. They had substantial warehouses situated at the intersection of 81-83 Elizabeth and Little Collins Streets, the business was established by James M Ewan in 1852. Shortly afterwards he went into partnership with William Kerr Thomson and Samuel Renwick. When Ewan died in 1868 his partners carried on and expanded the business under his name J & M Ewan. The business was expanded to provide a retail shop, counting-house and private offices. Wholesale warehouses adjoined these premises at 4, 6 and 10 Little Collins Street, West. This company provided and sold a large and varied amount of imported goods into the colony that consisted of agriculture equipment, building materials, mining items as well as steam engines, tools of all types and marble fireplaces. They also supplied the Bronze measuring containers in the Flagstaff Hill collection and the probability is that these containers were obtained by the local Melbourne authority that monitored weights and measures in the mid to late 19th century. The company grew to employ over 150 people in Melbourne and opened offices at 27 Lombard St London as well as in New Zealand and Fiji. The company also serviced the Mauritius islands and the pacific area with their steamship the Suva and a brig the Shannon. Robert Bate History: Robert Brettell Bate (1782-1847) was born in Stourbridge, England, one of four sons of Overs Bate, a mercer (a dealer in textile fabrics, especially silks, velvet's, and other fine materials)and banker. Bate moved to London, and in 1813 was noticed for his scientific instrument making ability through the authority of the “Clockmakers Company”. Sometime in the year 1813 it was discovered that one Robert Brettell Bate, regarded as a foreigner in London had opened a premises in the Poultry selling area of London. He was a Mathematical Instrument maker selling sundials and other various instruments of the clock making. In 1824, Bate, in preparation for his work on standards and weights, leased larger premises at 20 and 21 Poultry, London, at a rental of four hundred pounds per annum. It was there that Bate produced quality metrological instruments, which afforded him the recognition as one of one of the finest and principal English metrological instrument-makers of the nineteenth century. English standards at this time were generally in a muddle, with local standards varying from shire to shire. On 17 June 1824, an Act of Parliament was passed making a universal range of weights, measures, and lengths for the United Kingdom, and Bate was given the job of crafting many of the metrological artifacts. He was under instruction from the renown physicist Henry Kater F.R.S. (1777-1835) to make standards and to have them deposited in the principal cities throughout the United Kingdom and colonies. Bate experimented with tin-copper alloys to find the best combination for these items and by October 1824, he had provided Kater with prototypes to test troy and avoirdupois pounds, and samples with which to divide the troy into grams. Bate also cast the standard for the bushel, and by February 1825, had provided all the standards required of him by the Exchequer, Guildhalls of Edinburgh, and Dublin. In 1824, he also made a troy pound standard weight for the United States, which was certified for its accuracy by Kater and deposited with the US Mint in 1827. Kater, in his address to the Royal Society of London, acknowledged Bate's outstanding experimentation and craftsmanship in producing standards of weights, measures, and lengths. An example of a dry Bronze measuring container made specifically for J & M Ewan by possibly the most important makers of measurement artefacts that gives us today a snapshot of how imperial weights and measures were used and how a standard of measurement for merchants was developed in the Australian colonies based on the Imperial British measurement system. The container has social significance as an item retailed by J & M Ewan and used in Victoria by the authorities who were given legal responsibility to ensure that wholesalers and retailers of dry goods sold in Victoria were correct. The container was a legal standard measure so was also used to test merchants containers to ensure that their distribution of dry goods to a customer was correct.Maker Possibly Robert Brettell Blake or De Grave, Short & Co Ltd both of LondonContainer brass round for measuring quantities- Has brass handles & is a 'Bushel' measurement. 'Imperial Standard Bushel Victoria' engraved around container. Container bronze round shape for measuring dry quantities has brass handles & is a 'Bushel' measurement"IMPERIAL STANDARD BUSHEL" engraved around the top of the container. VICTORIA engraved under "J & M Ewan & Co London and Melbourne" engraved around the bottom of the container.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, standard measure, bushel, bushel measurement, j & m ewan, dry measurement, victorian measurement standard, bronze container, melbourne observatory, robert brettell bate

Book, Les Gillies Collection, The Land and the Book or, Biblical Illustrations drawn from The Manners and Customs, the scenes and scenery of The Holy Land. London; T.Nelson and Sons, Paternoster Row, Edinburgh; and New York. 1870.W.M.Thomson, D.D., 30 years Missionary in Syria and Palestine.religions, christian, christian religion

Folded typed A4 document dated 10th January 1941 relating to Cohn production of carbonic acid gas and complying with Commonwealth of Australia 'Security to the Customs' provisions.bendigo, industry, cohn bros brewery

A box containing newspaper cuttings on items of general interest. Also includes a novelette titled 'Strathmore' by Ouida. Various newspapers include, 'Argus,' 'Herald,' 'Melbourne' and 'The Sun.' 1902 - 1937.General 1933lydia chancellor, collection, current affairs, history, general interest, social life, customs, news, community, reading, novelette, fiction, ephemera

Sixteen folded documents, [a] Income Tax Social Services 1953,, [b] Copy of Factory Property checked 1952, [c] Certificate of Incorporation & Change of Name 1951, [d] Permit -Trade & Customs 1953, [e] Bulk & Bottled Ale Cost no date, [f] Certificate of Incorporation 1960, [g] Certificate of Incorporation 1960, [h] certificate of Incorporation 1960, [i] Income Tax & Social Serviceas Group Employer No 392, [j] Pay Roll Tax Certificate No P V 45225 1953, [k] Appointment of Public Officer 1953, [l] Amended Pay Roll Tax Certificate 1951, [m] Certification of Incorporation 1953, [n] Sales Tax related docs 1953, [o] Sales Tax Certificate No V S 2583 1951, [p] Sales Tax Certificate Cigarette Services No V S 63617 dated 1960.bendigo, industry, cohn bros brewery

Wooden box lid with metal clasp and clasp hole with brown leather 'hinge ' glued to top - / paper label glued on inside surface with shield of the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom words 'Duet Et Mon Droit' (The motto refers to the divine right of the Monarch to govern) the words Gold Scales and weights of all descriptions By R. Vandome Titford & Co 117 Leadenhall Street London Scale makers to Her Majesty Hon Boards of Customs & Inland Revenue her ? Hon East India Comp & The Bank of England Etc ? Table of Troy Weights ….THE STANDARD PRICE OF GOLD IS; £3.17.101/2d P.O.weighing, weights & measures

Report of the Chief Inspector of Explosives to the Honorable the Commissioner for Trade and Customs, on the Working of the Explosives Act During the Year 1895. Foolscap report stapled twice along spine containing 12 pages of narrative and tables.Publisher Robt S Brain, Government Printer, Melbourne.Chief Inspector of Explosivesbook, explosives, explosives regulation, useage, storage, carriage and accidents victoria

Report of the Chief Inspector of Explosives to the Honorable the Commissioner for Trade and Customs, on the Working of the Explosives Act During the Year 1894. Foolscap report stapled twince along spine containing 22 pages of narrative and tables.Publisher Robt S Brain, Government Printer, Melbourne.Chief Inspector of Explosivesbook, explosives, explosives regulation, storage, useage, carriage and accidents victoria

Report of the Inspector of Explosives to the Honorable the Commissioner for Trade and Customs, on the Working of the Explosives Act During the Year 1893. Foolscap report with two staples along spine containing 15 pages of narrative and tables. Publisher: Robt S Brain, Government Printer, Melbourne.Inspector of Explosivesbook, explosives, explosives regulation, carriage, storage, handling and accidents victoria

Reports of the Inspectors of Explosives to the Honorable the Commissioner for Trade and Customs, on the Working of the Explosives Act During The Year 1891. Foolscap sized paper report stapled twice along spine containing 28 printed pages of narrative and tables. Printed by Robt S Brain Government Printer Melbourne.Inspectors of Explosivesbook, explosives, explosives handling, regulations, storage, carriage and accidents victoria

Reports of the Inspectors of Explosives to the Honorable the Commissioner for Trade and Customs For Trade and Customs, on the Working of the Explosives Act During the Year 1890. Foolscap sized paper report stapled in two places at the spine containing 35 printed black and white pages with narrative and tables. Publisher Robt S Brain, Government Printer, Melbourne.Inspectors of Explosivesbook, explosives, explosives handling, regulations, storage, carriage and accidents victoria

Small, white card, Sandhurst Branch A. N. A. Legislative Convention. Possibly 1889, see newspaper article 22nd August, 1889, Bendigo Advertiser. Named are the Speaker - J. Quick, Esq., L. L. D., Premier and Minister of Public Works - Mr. W. F. Noonan, Treasurer - Mr. W. McLean, Secretary - Mr. J. H. Curnow, Minister of Mines - Mr. A. Dewar, Minister of Lands & Water - Mr. McConachie, Minister of Defence - Mr. J. B. Young, Commissioner of Customs - Mr. J. Fry, Minister of Railways - Mr. F. Haverfield, Minister of Justice - Mr. J. E. Buchan, Minister of Education - Mr. J. B. Roberts, Postmaster-General - Mr. W. Grimley. A. A. Lester, Clerk of the House. ' Meetings every alternate Thursday at the Temperance Hall, View Street, Sandhurst.' Printing surrounded by border with a flower where the corners intersect. On the back is a drawing with a vase of flowers sitting on a raised part which is wider at the bottom. It has a plant engraving and underneath are two doves and a feather pattern fan.bendigo, clubs, ana, document, sandhurst branch a. n. a., j quick, w f noonan, w mclean, j h curnow, a dewar, mr mcconachie, j b young, j fry, f haverfield, j e buchan, j b roberts, w grimley, a a lester

Document. Greeting Cards. Brown card with aqua, green & pink colouring at the bottom. There's a picture of a ginger/brown & white tabby kitten with very green eyes sitting on the coloured part. Front of card has been glued to the back. Front has been glued to the back of the card. Card & insert held together with a pale blue ribbon. Printed on the front: Times may change and customs alter, But so long as Friendship stays - Constant - as in former days, Remembrance shall not falter. To Teacher 1928written inside.person, greeting cards, malone collection, malone collection, greeting cards

[a] Cohns printed envelope captioned 'Collector of Customs and Excise, National Security [General] Regulations re Control of Liquor re Wines & Spirits sold to Messes and Canteens 1st January to July 31st 1942. [b] Documents pertaining to above enclosed.bendigo, industry, cohn bros brewery

[a] Manilla envelope captioned '1942 Correspondence and Returns etc with, Control of Liquors', Defence Food Stuffs, Department of Supply and Development , Citrus Juices & Cordials, Import Procurement, War Damage Insurance. [b] Documents enclosed pertaining to above. Included are 1942 Tender documents s for the supply of fruit juices , also a document and letter from Customs and Excise Office relating to Supplies of Liquor to RAAF and Army Messes .There are various documents relating to the requirements of war - time production and rationing .bendigo, industry, cohn bros brewery

non-fictionThis war diary distils the major military events of recent Australian history from 1870 the the present day.war - press coverage - australia, australia - social life and customs - history

Hardcover book The Australian Aborigines How to understand Them, 349 pages with black and white photographs. Published by Angus and Robertson, printed by Halstead Press Sydney, inscription inside front cover reads, To Momma & Daddy Christmas 1961 with best wishes love Billy.A.P.Elsinaboriginal, book, customs, australia-aborigines-culture

Compiled from newspaper reports, customs, pilots and other government records and the records of other Colonial ports, the list documents the activity of vessels containing immigrants, passengers between colonies, and the trade in wool, timber, coal and sundry merchandise sought by the expanding and developing colony of Victoria.Marten A Symevictoria, history, shipping, shipping, transport, port phillip history, family history.

Compiled from newspaper reports, customs and other Government records and records of other Colonial ports, the list documents the arrival of vessels containing assisted and unassisted immigrants before and during the gold rush, the intra-colonial trading voyages, the growth in overseas trade from Melbourne and Geelong in wool, tallow skins and gold dust and the surge of activity flowing from the discovery of gold in Victoria in 1852.Marten A Symevictoria, history, shipping, shipping, transport, port phillip history, family history.

Document. Various articles related to Cornish recipes: a. Traditional Cornish Pasty (recipe); b. page with recipes for various pies; c. copy of page from Bendigo Advertiser July 15, 1908 with two letters written in response to request for recipe for Cornish pasty - one recipe and one referral to Mr John Jewell. (These two letters typewritten as attachment for clarity); d. two-page typewritten article titled ''A brief history of Cornish customs and food'' - considerable information and mention of ''pa-asty'', ''crowst'' ''brandis''. ''swanky'', ''curr-rns''.bendigo, history, cornish

xix, 327 p. : ill., map, ports. ; 24 cm. Includes indexnon-fictionTime Gentlemen Please! : A History of Western District Inns 1840-1915 An historical record of the public houses, which flourished in Belfast and Western District during the timeframe, complete with licensees.bars (drinking establishments) -- victoria -- western district, victoria -- social life and customs -- 1901-1945, victoria -- social life and customs -- 1834-1900, book

H25.7 cm; 362p;non-fictionBruce experienced first-hand life at the top of Melbourne's social strata in the early 20th century. In rich detail, he describes his childhood years living at Harrison House in Spring Street, and paints a vivid picture of inner-city Melbourne in the early to mid- 1900s. His family's social standing gave Bruce a rare perspective on Melbourne life, as illustrated through his many brushes with iconic politicians and celebrities over the years.melbourne, social life and customs, australian football - history, history- 20th century

Miss Olive Codling was a Foundation Member and a Life Member of the Wodonga Historical Society. Many of her prize-winning photos are held in the Society Collection. She also held a range of roles and committee positions in a wide range of Wodonga community organisations. WODONGA'S SECOND POLICE STATION - This building was located on the west side of High Street near the railway line at the corner of High Street and Bond Street. The building in the background was the Bond Store which was later repurposed to become the Court House. This Police Station, which began operation on this site c1905, had originally been the house of the customs officer. It had a front office and a Sergeant's and an Inspector's office as well as 2 barrack rooms and a laundry at the rear. In the backyard was a blue stone cell block and a night soil toilet, as well as a stable used previously for horse and carriage. Opposite the police station was a boarding house which supplied meals to prisoners. This police station was in use until its move to Elgin Street, Wodonga in December 1967.This photo collection is significant as it documents how the businesses and buildings in Wodonga have evolved and contributed to community throughout the 20th century.Two black and white photos of the 2nd Police Station built in Wodonga with the former Bond Store in the background.high st wodonga, police stations wodonga

Miss Olive Codling was a Foundation Member and a Life Member of the Wodonga Historical Society. Many of her prize-winning photos are held in the Society Collection. She also held a range of roles and committee positions in a wide range of Wodonga community organisations. WODONGA'S SECOND COURTHOUSE The Court House was situated in the Customs or Bond Store building alongside the Wodonga Police Station in 93 High Street. This was on the west side of High Street at its intersection with Bond Street. The building was converted to the courthouse in 1920. In early 1964, the courthouse building was burnt beyond repair and furniture and other property destroyed. The cause of the fire was never found. The Police Station was lucky to survive but only because of the efforts of the local Fire Brigade. After the fire, the court was held first at the old Fire Station premises near where the present Wodonga Post Office, then it moved to a vacant building in Mitchell Street which was later turned into a Child Care Centre. Foundations for the new courthouse in Elgin Street were laid in October 1965.This photo collection is significant as it documents how the businesses and buildings in Wodonga have evolved and contributed to community throughout the l20th century.2 black and white photos of the Court House, formerly used as a Bond Store for collection of customs.high st wodonga, wodonga court house