Standard issue hat to Army Reserve unit. Representative uniform itemKhaki Australian Army slouch hat (fur felt) with khaki cloth puggaree. Cloth black over red rectangular colour patch on right hand side of puggaree. Gilt metal Royal Victoria Regiment cap badge on front of puggaree. Australian Army rising sun badge on left side turned up brim. Brown vinyl sweat band. Chin strap missing. Hat mounted on plywood carrying board. Bardsley Hats 1990 broad arrow Fur felt 54 gold stencil on sweat band. "319232 READ R" handwritten inside sweatband "Sgt Nicholls" handwritten brown marker pen on mounting board slouch hat, australian army, australian army slouch hat, bardsley hats

White Wooden Cross with red knitted poppy with green and black centre. The name Carver, Robert Charles 0119223 is stenciled on in black. An Australian flag has been fixed on the back of the Cross. Rank -Pilot Officer - Royal Australian Airforce, No2 Squadron. He died in Vietnam 3rd December 1970Carver, Robert Charles 0119223cross, no2 squdron, royal australian airforce, carver, robert charles

Worn by MICA (Mobile Intensive Care Ambulance) Paramedic motorcyclists.Blue button-up motorcycle jacket with a MICA (Mobile Intensive Care Ambulance) Paramedic badge on the top front left hand side. An Ambulance Service Victoria Paramedic badge is attached to the top of each sleeve. The name "Terry" is printed in white stencil letters on the right hand side of the front of the jacket. mica, mobile intensive care ambulance, paramedic, victorian ambulance service, motorcyclist

Set of 12 Australian Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletins for the period January 1946 to December 1946. Each page has been stencil duplicated. Index sheets for the journals at the front of the documents. The sheets have been placed in a heavy flysheet and then placed in "The Riven" red coloured spring back binder. Has "J E MAND" written in ink on the front cover.arhs, arlhs, bulletin, journals, railways, tramways, history

White Wooden Cross with red knitted poppy with green and black centre. The name Knight, Peter Raymond A318937 is stenciled on in black. An Australian flag has been fixed on the back of the Cross. Rank - Leading Aircraftman, Unit 1. He died near Vung Tau Air Base 15th December 1970Knight, Peter Raymond A318937cross, knight, peter raymond

This van was used in Western Australia by linesmen and for mail pickup between 1972 and 1991. When transferred to the collection, it was the very last surviving vehicle of its type owned by the company. Despite its age, the van is in excellent condition having been reconditioned in 1987.This Volkswagen Transporter, 2nd generation, is commonly known as a kombi van; named as such after the German word Kombinationskraftwagen, meaning multi-purpose vehicle. This van is believed to have been used by linesmen and for mail collection from 1972 to 1991 in Western Australia, before being donated to the, then, Telstra Collection. Conflicting accounts from John Moynihan, PMG Engineer and author, suggest the van was used by cable jointers from the 1960s. Owing to this unclear use, the van’s historical significance is low though provenance from the Postmaster General’s Department to Telecom, then Telstra, is established. In 1987, the vehicle was extensively reconditioned and some original parts were presumably replaced. It is not, however, in working order or in good condition; the body carries several areas of rust, rubber seals have suffered plasticiser migration, a mirror is missing and there are marks from use. The hand lettered “P.M.G.” inscription is indicative of a Postmaster General fleet vehicle, as is the red colour of the vehicle paint. Though it is in poor condition, the van’s aesthetic style is of some significance. The van is representative of the type of Volkswagen vehicle used by the Postmaster General’s Department and other private businesses and government branches of the era. The vehicle may, therefore, carry social significance for those that lived in this era, where their communication service provider travelled in a Volkswagen van. Indeed, Volkswagen vans were used into the Telecom era, as evidenced by an image (6681153) in the National Archives of Australia collection. While many of these vehicles may exist today, there are few to no examples which survive in museum collections. In 1966, the Post Office (Postmaster General’s Department) had the largest fleet in Australia, totalling nearly 11,000 vehicles (The Canberra Times, 29 September 1966, p. 34). Though in the late 1960s Volkswagen vehicles accounted for just over 500 of these vehicles, with the remainder represented by Ford, General Motors, Chrysler, and others, the multi-purpose nature of the van is significant as a metaphor for the multi-directional services of the Postmaster General’s Department. Archival images show a variety of models and adaptations including roof racks, bull bar and door configurations. Its conflicted history of use may in fact attest to the vehicles variety of application in the duties of the Postmaster General‘s Department.Red Volkswagen Kombi van with stencilled gold lettering on doors. Scratches on bumpers indicate duck-egg blue undercoat. Single sliding door on left side of vehicle body with secondary opening at rear with horizontally divided doors. Mirror missing on right front. Western Australia registration sticker in front windscreen..1: "PMG" .2: "ROYAL" .3-.4 "PMG" .5-.6: "MAIL" .7,.8: "ER" .9: "C OF A / ZEH 622"transport, kombi van, linesman van, postal van, postmaster general’s department

Originally used in the Electrical Engineering Department at the Ballarat College of Advanced Education.Light coloured wood box with hinged lid. Metal brackets for carrying handle strap - missing. Inside, wooden section with sliding knob. This is the sliding contact for metal bars underneath.Diagram on blue paper attache to inside of lid. Stencilled on front "P1 4". On DYMO tape of side of box "USE WITH FREQ METER". Aluminium sticker on lid - "BALLARAT C.A.E." Scratched beneath this "ELEC / ENG DPT" electrical engineering, ballarat college of advanced education, electrical instrument, sliding resistance, scientific instruments

COLOUR PHOTO, MOUNTED ON THICK CARDBOARD, OF AN ARMY TRUCK. The truck has its canvas cover removed. Only a driver can be seen in the truck cabin. Truck Regn 38-533. it has a 3 Div Tac sign. It has a blue and red TAC sign with NR72 stencilled on it. It appears to be a box or ironbark forest.passchendaele barracks trust, unimog truck, army reserve

Yields information primarily about New Zealand tram and bus city systems and what the various NZ Museums were doing at the time.Magazine - Tramway Topics - Vol. 5, No. 5, Oct 1966 - 40 wax cut stencil duplicated pages with printed page of photos and printed covers. Published by Wellington Tramway Museum, Tramway Historical Society - editor J. Wilkinson. Contains articles on Christchurch, Orange Empire, Auckland, Dunedin, Invercargill and Museum News.On inside of front cover in black ink "Ballarat Tramway Preservation society Catalogue No. 110".trams, tramways, christchurch, auckland, dunedin tramways, invercargill

Has a strong association with the formation of the BTPS and the involvement of Melbourne based tramway enthusiasts - first meeting of the BTPS in Melbourne.Single page - quarto size green coloured paper, printed using the Gestetner wax stencil process advertising a public meeting to be held of the BTPS at the VR Institute, Flinders St on 21 June 1971, signed by Paul Nicholson. Second copy from donation of the Tom Murray Estate added 20-11-2016.trams, tramways, btps, meetings

See cat 4799 for dataPostcard with black and white photo. It shows 3 seated british soldiers with peaked hats. In fron of them is a box being used as a table. Stencilled on that box is the name - Jacob & Cos. Biscuits. Dublin. On the ground in front of that box are three bully beef tins with some rock hard army biscuits on top. There are some tents in the background.The letter on the rear is addressed as "Dear Susie...............14 lines of text .........Ending with Fond love Joe.ww1, biscuits, bully beef

A brown paper packet of Capewell horse nails. It is 18 centimetres long nine centimetres wide and six centimetres heigh. Stenciled on in black ink or paint is CAPEWELL HORSE NAILS, Capewell trademark, MADE IN ENGLAND FIRST IN QUALITY, FIRMEST IN HOLING POWER, 5lbs. THE BEST IN THE WORLD, SMALL HEADS. The nails are five and a half centimetres long.numerous small numbers written with pencilhorse shoe nails, capewell horse nails

White Wooden Cross with red knitted poppy with green and black centre. The name Smith, Noel Alan 3797613 is stenciled on in black. An Australian flag has been fixed on the back of the Cross. Rank - Sapper (temporary Corporal) 21 Engineer Support Group Austalian Army. He died inSouth Vietnam on the 28th March 1971cross, smith, noel alan

The NQRs were the standard Medium open goods wagon. Generally the sides and ends were removable thus providing a totally flat truck. Three long drop-down doors formed the sides thus allowing easy loading and unloading. 218 of these goods vehicles were built between 1898 and 1914 ? numbered 1 - 218​. Originally, these wagons carried the code letter R​ as they were built with sides and ends. They later had the R removed. Unlike the Broad Gauge, VR's 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge network never had four-wheeled wagons (aside from a handful of trolleys). Because of this, a single design of open wagon emerged and this was the only type of wagon ever used on these lines. This was the NQR class, a wagon with the same length and loading capacity as a Broad Gauge four-wheeled open wagon to make transferring freight between the gauges easier. The wagons, numbered 1 through 218, were built between 1898 and 1914. The wagons used the same underframe as most other non-locomotives on the VR Narrow Gauge. Letters and numbers were originally painted only on the end bulkheads and doors, both of which could be removed as traffic dictated, and this made wagon identification difficult until the decals were transferred to the underframes of each wagon In the 1910s some NQRs were provided with removable wood and steel frameworks with canvas roof canopies and side curtains, and internal seating to supplement the rest of the passenger stock during busy holiday periods. Puffing Billy has re-created these for emergency capacity. Five more NQRs, numbered 219-223​, were built between 1990 and 1992 initially for passenger use so were fitted with the removable frames In the 1960s the Puffing Billy Railway added grids in the floor of some to enable them to be used to drop ballast on the track where needed. Vehicle Length 25 feet 2 inches ( 7671 mm) Coupled Length 27 feet 4 inches (8330 mm) Width 6 feet 3 inches (1905 mm) Weight 5 tons Capacity 11 tons Built 1898 - 1915 (1992) Number Built 218 (223) In use 14 To be restored 6 103 NQR - Open Medium Truck 16/12/1909 NWS Built new Vehicle Length 25 feet 2 inches ( 7671 mm) Coupled Length 27 feet 4 inches (8330 mm) Width 6 feet 3 inches (1905 mm) Weight 5 tons Capacity 11 tons Built 1898 - 1915 (1992) Number Built 218 (223) In use 14 To be restored 6 VR Service History *NQR 103.VA - 16/12/1909 NWS Built new - / /1926 - To NQ 103.VA - Puffing Billy Service History or Notes Untrafficable at ClematisHistoric - Victorian Railways - Narrow Gauge Rolling Stock - NQR Open Medium TruckA large rectangualr open good wagon, with removable sides and ends creating a flat-bed. There are three long drop-down sides and eight narrow guage wheels. The wagon is 7671mm long and 1905mm wide with steel couplings at either end. The wagon is painted crimson (faded) with the words '103 NQR' stenciled in white at both ends. 103 NQRpuffing billy railway, pbr, rolling stock , 103 nqr - open medium truck, victorian railways, narrow gauge rolling stock, nqr wagon

Demonstrates early BTPS work - membership application form the early days of the BTPS - following closure of the Ballarat SEC system.Single foolscap white paper page, printed using the Gestetner wax stencil process; Membership Application form for membership of the Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society (BTPS), late 1971. Gives details of the organisation, to operate like Puffing Billy and has issues of the Courier following closure for sale. Has a tear off section to be filled in.trams, tramways, btps, membership forms

Set of 12 Australian Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletins for the period January 1947 to December 1947. Each page has been stencil duplicated. Index sheets for the journals at the front of the documents. The sheets have been placed in a heavy flysheet and then placed in "Bramptons Patent Instantaneous Binder" dark red coloured spring back binder. arlhs, arhs, bulletin, railways, tramways, journals, history

Set of 6 Australian Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletins for the period January 1948 to June 1948. Each page has been stencil duplicated. Index sheets for the journals at the front of the documents. The sheets have been placed in a heavy flysheet and then placed in "Bramptons Patent Instantaneous Binder" dark red coloured spring back binder. arhs, railways, arlhs, bulletin, journals, history

Cloth bag - sewn brown canvas with a metal ring and cloth strip attached to one side and stencilled "16" on both sides of the bag. Used by Conductors to pay in their cash at depots following the introduction of ticket machines on the Z class trams. 2nd copy - "19" added 3/7/2019 from donation of Hugh Waldrontrams, tramways, tickets, cash handling, depots, revenue clerks, conductors

Destination roll that was used in Malvern Depot trams, Melbourne, until the late 1960's. Roll on linen, with white letters on black background. Has stencilled words "STOP" on top and bottom of rolls, stencilled miniature destination on rear to assist driver to locate the destination. Letters approx. 140 high. Roll consists of an unpainted section 535 long at top and 360 long unpainted section at base. Painted section approx. 7.2m long. Roll has oil and dirt stains in the middle portion, but the last three destinations are very worn with the black paint in a deteriorated condition. Image information - btm1747i1 to 1747i6 - photos of various sections of roll from top to bottom - shows level of damage and nature of the last three destinations on the roll. For listing of destinations - see images.tram, trams, melbourne, malvern depot, destination roll, mmtb

Demonstrates the last timetable issued for Ballarat Tramways and yields information about tram services.285 - Three page photo copy of the final timetable for tram services in Ballarat for the SECV issued March 1970. Page 1 - Sunday, p2 - Saturday, p3 - weekdays. Gives IN and OUT times for each route and notes if from depot etc. Understood to be SECV photocopy. 285.1 - ditto, but actual wax stencil copy on duplicating paper used by Driver / Conductor J. Everett. Has been folded into 8. This copy used in image files. Item added 2/2/2003. 285.2 - ditto - three copies of SECV copies given to the BTPS at the time of closure. Staple horizontally in top left hand corner and marked in ink - see Inscriptions. Items added 9/3/2004. 285.3 - ditto wax stencil or duplicated copy - unmarked. Item added 22/08/2004. 285.4 - ditto but Saturday timetable sheet marked in red or blue ink to show run numbers? Item added 22/08/2004. Two staples in top left hand corner. 285.5 - ditto wax stencil or duplicated copy - unmarked. Item added 17/05/2006 See pdf documents for good quality scans and history of record for details of source.ballarat, secv, timetables, tram services

Founded in 1891, the Ellams Duplicator Company produced drum and flat duplicators that copied a stenciled sheet and allowed multiple copies to be made. Considered desk top, this rather heavy machine was operated by turning the handle and could turn out 100 copies a minute. This would have been useful for donation request letters or large print newsletters.1 black case holding a black drum and metal platesEllams Rotary Duplicator Self Feeding Ellams Duplicator Co Ltd 12 King Street London E.C. Alfred Street, Brisbane, Australiaoffice equipment, ellams

This vaporiser is enclosed in a portable black cylindrical bakelite carry case with moulded handle, woven fabric strap and single steel latch. The item comprises a three-chambered vaporiser, an assortment of attachments including black ribbed rubber tubing, light brown rubber rebreather bag, facemask, black rubber mask harness, Connell pharyngeal airway with connector, an attachment for an endotracheal or nasal tube, as well as spare thermometer and other parts.Stencilled in white paint on the outside top lid is 'THIS SIDE UP / WITH CARE / SEE INSTRUCTIONS / INSIDE LID'. Serial number is inscribed on metal plate inside the lid and printed in white on the inside lid is 'IMPORTANT / The Oxford Vaporiser is a scientific apparatus'vaporiser, oxford, anaesthetic, portable, bakelite, connell pharyngeal airway, heated vapor, endotracheal, nasal, rebreather bag, thermometer, facemask

The fire screen was part of the original furnishings of the Lighthouse Keeper's Quarters in Merri Street, Warrnambool. It was made by Lighthouse Keeper, Thomas Hope. Thomas served two terms as an assistant lighthouse keeper in Warrnambool. His first term was from 1905 to 1907. He later returned from 1910 to 1913, when he was appointed as Keeper five months after the untimely death of his predecessor Peter Quinn. Woodworking was one of Thomas Hope’s hobbies, and the three-panel fire screen he made as a lighthouse keeper is now in the Flagstaff collection and is displayed in the Lighthouse Keeper’s Cottage. Thomas Hope 1857 - 1928 Thomas James Hope was born in Camden, Surrey, England in 1857. His father, also called Thomas, was reputed to be a member of the Royal Family, and Thomas Hope Junior his illegitimate son. Thomas was subsequently brought up on the estate of the Earl of Hopetoun in Somerset and it was thought that Thomas was the Earl’s grandson. Against the wishes of those in charge of Thomas, he joined the navy at an early age, seeing much of the world until he settled in New Zealand at the age of twenty-four. After some years in New Zealand, he came to Australia to live. One of the jobs Thomas Hope had prior to becoming an assistant lighthouse keeper in 1896 was as a cook in the Lunatic Asylum at Sunbury, Victoria. He served as an assistant keeper at Shortlands Bluff, Gabo Island, Split Point and Warrnambool, retiring in 1918. He bought a house in Nicholson St, Warrnambool and died in March 1928. He is buried in the Warrnambool cemetery. Thomas Hope is recorded in family history as being of short stature and, not surprisingly given his alleged aristocratic connections, possessed a beautiful speaking voice. He and his wife Elizabeth nee Waters, whom he married in New Zealand, had six children (Thomas, killed in World War One), Ellen (Nell), Nora (who was married at the Warrnambool lighthouse keepers cottage), William (who died in Warrnambool), Marion and Alan. Joseph Hoover (Dec 29, 1830, to Aug 7, 1913) Joseph Hoover, the printer of the pictures on the screen, was born in Baltimore, of Swiss-German heritage. He was trained as an architectural woodturner. In 1856 Hoover moved to Philadelphia and began producing elaborate wooden frames in his wood-turning and framing business. By 1865 Hoover had started to produce popular prints for publishers and artists, which included noted Philadelphia artist James F. Queen. In the 1880s Hoover set up a complete plant specialising in chromatography, the process of producing colour prints from lithographic plates. The coloured prints he produced were affordable to business and private customers. In 1893 his son Henry L., a trained lithographer, joined the company as overseer and it was called J. Hoover & Son. It became one of the largest in America by the turn of the century. Hoover won a medal for Excellence for his Chromolithographs of James Queen’s works. In 1904 Joseph’s other son, Joseph W, joined the business as a partner and the company was called Jos. Hoover & Sons. Hoover died of a heart attack in 1913. He was survived by his wife and six children: two sons who were also his business partners, and four daughters. The firm continued in production until around 1985. Hoover’s prints included scenes, still life and landscapes of America and other locations. They were sold in America and overseas to countries including Canada, Germany, Mexico and England. The three-panelled screen in the Lighthouse Keeper’s Cottage was made by the Assistant Lighthouse Keeper, Thomas Hope during one of his two terms at the Lighthouse Keepers' Quarters. It is the only object in the collection known to be connected to Hope. The Lighthouse Keeper's Cottage is part of the Lady Bay Lighthouse Complex, which is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register for being of historical, scientific (technological) and architectural significance to the State of Victoria.Fire screen comprising three black wood framed panels hinged together. Each panel contains a glass-encased print depicting a rural landscape. Ornate stencil cut wood edging and quilt-inspired parquetry sits above each panel. The central panel is taller than those either side. Screen is lined in black-painted cardboard.Printed at the base of each of the three prints “COPYRIGHT 1896 BY J. HOOVER & SON, PHILAD’’A.”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, firescreen, thomas hope junior, ellen (nell) hope, nora hope, william hope, marion hope, alan hope, jos. hoover & sons of philadelphia, lighthouse keeper, assistant lighthouse keeper, carved screen, merri street, lighthouse keeper's cottage, lighthouse residence, lighthouse, wood carving, lighthouse complex, lady bay lighthouse, fire screen

This duffel bag was used during the Vietnam war by National Serviceman Private Wayne Edward Maschette, Army number: 5716538, who served in 8RAR, 1969-70, Long green canvas bag with a large white painted label. Brown stencilled printing of name and number of soldier. Brown, blue and yellow stripes and a picture of kangaroo on left hand side. Base of bag is covered in white paint with a black strip through the middle. Eight corroded metal rivets at the top of the bag where cord to close it would go.Front- 1023 5716538 PTE W.E. Maschette. Back- 8RAR E NOGGERA. His name and 5716538 all marked in texta. duffel bag, 8rar, army issue, bag, maschette, vietnam war, kit bag

White Wooden Cross with red knitted poppy with green and black centre. The name Herbert, Michael Patrick John 044310 is stenciled on in black. An Australian flag has been fixed on the back of the Cross. Rank - Flying Officer No2 Squadron - Royal Australian Airforce. He died in Vietnam Loas border on the 3rd November 1970 aged 24Herbert, Michael Patrick John 044310cross, royal australian airforce, herbert, michael patrick john

White Wooden Cross with red knitted poppy with green and black centre. The name Marks-Chapman, Peter Robert 38801 is stenciled on in black. An Australian flag has been fixed on the back of the Cross. Rank - Lieutenant, 6 Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment. He died from wounds in South Vietnam on the 19th December 1969 - Age 25Marks-Chapman, Peter robert 38801cross, 6th battalion, marks-chapman, peter robert

Has a strong association with the 1981 Melbourne Pageant, the involvement of the BTPS and the way members were organised.BTPS Roster and instructions for the 26/1/1981 Australia Day Cavalcade which used No. 27 in Wellington Parade and Spencer St. Printed on a wax stencilled cut duplicated foolscap sheet of paper. Gives details of the staffing, notes, sales instructions, rosters and arrangements for the day, including instructions regarding tram driving. Images added 31/8/2012trams, tramways, btps, melbourne, australia day

Wooden Box, used for packing horse shoe nails, open top, clear varnish, labelled with manufacturer's details.Capewell Horse Shoe Nails, Trademark, Manufactured in Great Britain by the Capewell Horse Shoe Nail Co Ltd England. No 7 Horse Nails, Over stencilled with black ink or paint: "Net 100 lb, Gross 116 Full (?) Hunter"box, light horse, horse shoe nails, capewell horse shoe nail co, packaging

This glass milk bottle was manufactured and used mid to late 1900's (1834 Victorian dairy industry was founded) up to the time that a cheaper container was invented(plastic bottles and polyethylene plastic lined cardboard cartons) and produced. In 1909 the supply of pure bottled milk was required for babies to overcome infant mortality due to unhygienic milk sources (unclean containers and unpasteurized milk). Due to the volume of milk being processed and hand milking could not keep up with demand, dairy farms introduced milking machines in the late 1930's. The great increases in dairy herds from the average of 18 cows per heard in 1950's to 142 cows per herd in 1996 required milk tankers to pick up the regions milk supply. This bottle was so constructed to be easily moved within the milk processing plants from the delivery vats/holding tanks to the final corking/sealing of the bottles for eventual distribution. From 1958 the milk bottle slowly became phased out of production. At this point in time Melbourne was drawing 160,000 bottles per week from the two major glass bottle works companies, e.g. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co. Victoria was the major state supplier of cows milk in the history of Australian milk production from the early 1800's. The Kiewa Valley and its region was a major contributor to meet that demand. Each bottle was "branded" during manufacturing to show the contents (pasteurized milk) and where it originated from (region and supplier). This method of recycling the bottles back to specific dairy farms was a good control method but an uneconomical "on cost" which was replaced by the "throw away" less costly plastic and cardboard containers. Kiewa Valley dairy herds had marked bottles bearing "90/9", "6/18", "6/33", "6/35" and "6/36" This particular one has "7/14".This heavy gauged glass milk bottle has a rim and a distinctive head at the top. This head has been manufactured to facilitate the movement of the bottled along the milk production line. The method of pouring milk into the bottle has been part of the "production line". This bottle has a one Imperial pint capacity and is made from "clear" glass. There are other milk bottles that have a "green" tint in them. Around the bottom side of the bottle and blown into the glass "ONE IMPERIAL PINT". Below these markings and stenciled is "KIEWA" (in freehand style and underlined) underneath is "PASTEURISED FULL CREAM MILK" underneath this ,in freehand stiyle is "USE" next to this in block style "KIEWA BUTTER, CREAM, AND ICE CREAM MIX" to the left of this ,and barely readable is stenciled "THIS BOTTLE ALWAYS REMAINS/ THE PROPERTY OF/ NORTH EASTERN DAIRY Co. Ltd". On the base of the bottle is molded a big "2". with a smaller "m". An identification mark of "7" over "14" is within a circled boundary. Below this is moulded "RM - 15". glass bottles, commercial milk containers, domestic milk bottles, pasteurized milk bottles

This extract from an advertisement in the Sydney Morning Herald newspaper of 1/12/1959 places the era in which this water bag was prolific throughout rural Australia. " ABERDEEN CANVAS GOODS for the man on the land here is Australia's most useful, convenient and hygienic water bag. Its special unbreakable plastic nozzle is fitted with a perforated filter strainer. Made from long flax canvas, its universal handle enables it to be hung on bumper bar, wire fence or on hook or nail" The availability of clean cool drinking water in remote rural locations was essential for survival under the blistering Australian summer sun. This was in a pioneer era when transport, roads and convenience stores were ,in a lot of "outback" Australia, in short supply and survival was dependent upon what could be carried by vehicle or pack horse.When the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme became a reality, the use of the water bag was one of the essential personal items of survival given to each person working in the forests and on and in the high plains environment. Even in an outside stationary work place the availability of cool clean water was a prerequisite. The canvas water bag allowed any wind or airflow to cool down the water, even on very hot days, to provide a refreshing and throat quenching supply of water. These bags could be fastened onto the front of vehicles or hanging from shady tree branches thereby permitting air flow around the bag. During the "wearing in" period the residual taste from the canvas was fairly strong, this became considerably less as time and a half moved on. This "Aberdeen" long flax canvas water bag is held together on two sides and the top by strong heavy cotton stitching. The iron fashioned carrying handle has, protruding from its top elevation ,a very strong hook (well in excess of the bags' weight requirement). At the top, of the bag, and on one side only, is a brown coloured bakelite spout (with an inbuilt filter) protruding upwards. This spout has its matching , screw on, lid complete with attachment chain (not fixed at the handle end)On the front of the bad and stenciled in bold lettering, "ABERDEEN" and directly below "Travellers" and below this "FILTER BAG". Below this are two parallel black lines enclosing an ochre coloured band(12mm wide) running around the bottom section of the bag. Below this band is stenciled the number 14 in black (25mm high) figures. The spout lid has stamped on the top surface and within the outline of Australia, "ABERDEEN FILTER WATER BAG". Above this and close to the edge of the lid is pressed "PAT. No 9149/32 and down at the bottom rim is stamped "RD. No. 9870". canvas, water bag, water container, camping equipment, survival pack