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Ballarat Fire Brigade
Medal, c.1878
this gold chain and medal pendant was presented to W M sansom after he and three other members won the representative race at the demonstration held in Melbourne in 1878. it was stated in the Sansom estate that it be returned to the Ballarat Fire Brigade of which he was a member.Engraved gold medal pendant attached to gold neck chain. Pendant is sheild shaped with 2 points either side of chain attachment at top and one point at centre of base. Won in 1878(engraved on front of medal) "PRESENTED / To / G. Sansom" sansom, gold, medal, pendant, chain, sansom g, 1878, representative race, demonstration melbourne, demonstration, sansom w m, ballarat fire brigade, ballarat, fire brigade -
Royal Brighton Yacht Club
Tray, Rock Bottom Marine Division 3 (Tray)
Rock Bottom Marine Division 3 (Tray) Donor: Rock Bottom Marine Deed of Gift: No Refer Division 1 (above). It is now awarded to the Combined Division winner on PHD handicap. First Winner: Artemis, M. French 1992/93 rock bottom marine, division 3, phd -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Postcard, Valentine & Sons Publishing Co, "Ryrie Street Geelong", c1950
Postcard produced by the Valentine publishing company of Ryrie St Geelong. A tram is westbound. In the view are the Town Hall, the T&G building, M J Hede & Sons store, and Cox Bros. The rear of the card notes it is a genuine photograph. Photo c1950.Yields information about the view of Ryrie St c1950.Black and white Postcard undivided back, unused. Card No. V22.On rear in ink "A couple more for your collection" and an unreadable name.tramways, trams, geelong, ryrie st -
Federation University Historical Collection
Medal - Numismatics, ANZAC Commemorative Medal for R.M. Serjeant, 1967
Robert M. Serjeant was the only son of Theo and Alice Serjeant, and grandson of famed mine manager Robert Malachy Serjeant (1829-1902). Robert Serjeant was a past student of the Ballarat School of Mines (SMB), and at the time of his World War One enlistment he had just finished an electrical course, and was working as a junior member of the SMB Department of Electricity. Robert Serjeant enlisted in December 1914. Corporal Serjeant (2138) of the 8th Battalion, died of wounds received in action at Gallipoli on 28 April 1915, aged 20. He was buried at sea and his name is listed at the Lone Pine Memorial. A brown paper parcel of Robert Serjeant's belongings was returned to his parents. It contained his discs, wrist-watch (damaged), notebook, hymn book and letters. [1] The Ballarat Courier reported: 'He was of quiet disposition, and a great student, devoting himself closely to his work.' Further information on R.M. Serjeant can be found at https://bih.federation.edu.au/index.php/Robert_M._Serjeant_Jnr The following statement on the ANZAC Commemorative Medallion and Badge was made by by Prime Minister Holt in 16 March 1967 when the Minister for Defence announced that it had been decided by the Australian Government, in consultation with the New Zealand Government, to issue a medallion and lapel badge to the veterans of the Gallipoli Campaign. "Last March, the Minister for Defence announced that it had been decided by the Australian Government, in consultation with the New Zealand Government, to issue a medallion and lapel badge to the veterans of the Gallipoli Campaign. I am glad to be able to announce that arrangements have now been completed for the production of the medallion and the badge. The Minister for the Army will be arranging distribution to those wishing to receive them as soon as possible. The Government hopes that production of the medallion and lapel badge will be sufficiently advanced to permit at least some of them to be distributed by ANZAC Day. The medallion (with the name of the recipient inscribed) will be issued to the surviving members of the Australian Defence Force who served on the Gallipoli Peninsula, or in direct support of the operations from close off-shore, at any time during the period from the first ANZAC Day in April, 1915 to the date of final evacuation in January, 1916. Next of kin or other entitled persons will be entitled to receive the medallion on behalf of their relatives, if the relative died on active service or has since died. For surviving members, a lapel badge will also be available for wearing. This will be a replica of the obverse (or front) of the medallion and will be about 1 inch high and 2/3 inch wide - the same size as the RSL badge. The medallion is the work of Mr. Raymond Ewers, the well-known Australian artist, based on a suggestion by Mr. Eric Garrett, a staff artist with the Department of the Army. It has been endorsed by both the Government of New Zealand and ourselves. It will be approximately 3 inches high and 2 inches wide. The obverse of the medallion depicts Simpson and his donkey carrying a wounded soldier to safety. It will be bordered on the lower half by a laurel wreath above the word ANZAC. The reverse (the back) shows a relief map of Australian and New Zealand superimposed by the Southern Cross. The lower half will be bordered by New Zealand fern leaves. The medallion will be cast in bronze and the lapel badge will be metal of a bronze colour. For the information of the honourable members I present also a brief statement setting out the conditions of eligibility which will apply to the medallion and badge and the manner in which those desiring to receive them should apply."(https://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/anzac/medallion/doc.asp, accessed 26/02/2014) Conditions of eligibility. All members of the Australian Defence Force who served during the Gallipoli Campaign are entitled to receive the ANZAC Commemorative medallion. The campaign lasted from April 25, 1915 to January 8, 1916. The award will be made for service on the Gallipoli Peninsula and service in support of the operations in an area off-shore eastward of a line drawn from Yukyeri Point (lat 39 50' 40'' N long 26 9' 45'' E) through a point in lat 39 53' N long 26 0' E thence to Cape Gremea (lat 40 35' N long 26 6' E). The award will also be available to members of philanthropic organisations and the Press who were accredited to the AIF, and to Australian members of the crews of merchant ships or hospital ships which operated in direct support within the defined area. Note: The boundary line would run just off-shore from the land masses north and south of the Dardanelles, and is estimated to be within about 5 miles from the beach at ANZAC Cove. (https://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/anzac/medallion/doc.asp, accessed 26/02/2014) This Item is significance because is was only issued to members of the Australian and New Zealand Defence Force who served at Gallipoli. This Medallion is significant because of its relationship to Robert M. Serjeant who died on 28 April 2015 at Gallipoli of wounds received in Action. Bronze commemorative medal in black presentation case showing Simpson and his donkey carrying a wounded soldier to safety. A crown is situated on top of the medal, and the word ANZAC beneath the medal. The opposite side depicts Australia, New Zealand and the Southern Cross Constellation. The lower half is bordered with New Zealand Fern leaves. The commemorative medal was presented to the family of Robert M. Serjeant. Gift of David Stevens, 2014.Engraved: "1238 R.M. Serjeant"serjeant, r.m. serjeant, robert m. sergeant, anzac, medal, numismatics -
Running Rabbits Military Museum operated by the Upwey Belgrave RSL Sub Branch
Propeller from HMAS Bayonet, Walkers Ltd
Bayonet was one of 20 Attack class patrol boats built for the Royal Australian Navy between 1967 and 1969 by Walkers Ltd of Maryborough Qld . In the 1960s, Australia became more closely involved in events in the Asia-Pacific region. This led to improved surveillance and control of our enormous coastline, especially the northern approaches. Patrol boats controlled illegal fishing, smuggling and immigration, search and rescue, and occasional inshore survey work. Her hull is steel and the superstructure is aluminium. It is armed for small-scale encounters, with one 40-mm Bofors gun and two 0.5-inch Browning machine guns to fire warning shots across the bow of a suspect vessel. She was 32.6 m long and 6.1 m wide, 150 tons, powered by two paxman diesel engines and capable of about 24 knots. . A sister ship featured in the popular ABC-TV series Patrol Boat. The Bayonet conducted patrol duties around Australian waters until her scuttling by defence maritime services on 21 September 1999 in 82 m of water off Torquay in Victoria. propeller, hmas bayonet -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - CLUB SWINGERS 1903, GROUP OF GIRL GYMNASTS, 1903
Black and white photograph of thirty one girl gymnasts wearing short white frocks, with sashes and holding wooden clubs. Top of picket fence visible at bottom of image. Low picket fence at back with higher metal? Fence behind it. Mounted on grey board Inscriptions: on back - 'Club Swingers 1903', Winners of Austral Competition, Bendigo. 'Miss Stean's pupils', 'photo No.5' (written on white card, taped to back). ' I Harry, 46 Clyde St., East Kew'. Names from top to bottom? M Kerr, Annie Steane, Olwen Parry, B Robertson, E Saunders, L Bolten, L Lee, J Charles, R Wilson, L Wilson, , E Manning, J Steane, E Herschell, M Sapping / Lapping?, E Charles, I Harry, C Manning, E Stevenson, A Hues, L Mitchell, M Simmons, E Stewart, A Curneson / Curnecon?, R Hanson, D Manning, J McCraw, R Judd, B Whitelock, C Tyek, D Unmack.person, group, sports team -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - GUINEY COLLECTION: INVITATION, 1894
Invitation to a Cocert by the Pupils of Miss J Dais, Temperance Hall, Friday December 14 1894 Issued to Mts and Misses Kane. THE GOVERNORSHIP. Article - The Bendigo Independent (Vic. : 1891 - 1918)Saturday 15 December 1894 - Page 2 Last evening the pupils of Miss J. Dias gave a concert in the Temperance Hall. The hall, which was tastefully decorated, the platform being draped and set off with fairy lamps, was well filled. Mr D. B. Lazarus who was to have presided telegraphed from Melbourne an apology for unavoidable absence. The following pupils contributed:— Piano solos, Misses L. Job, Annie Hunter, Annie Taylor, Maggie McKnowne, M. Pound and Birdie Rickards ; piano duets, Misses M. Heine and M, McKnowne, A. and E. Taylor, Roeder and McCann ; vocal solos, Misses Taylor, Nicholls and Rickards; vocal duet, Misses Rickards and Dias. During the interval Miss Dias gave a pleasing piano solo. The manner in which the pupils performed showed the careful training which they have undergone at the hands of their instructress. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - MAPLE STREET PRIMARY SCHOOL COLLECTION: STAFF AND GRADE PHOTOS 1995
Colour photographs of staff and grades Maple Street Primary School, Golden Square, 1995. a. Grade 2N Teacher M. Nicks; b. staff photo: back row Debbie Kent, Fiona Day, Val Hall, Anne Hocking. Middle row Sandra Lacey, Maylene Rodda, John Waterson, Frank Gargiulo, Bob Elliott, Anita whittle, Front row Marge Gregsion, Marj Stevens, Wendy Neve, Sue Hoile, Meredith Nicks, Lynne Colbert, Annie Clark. C. Grade PH Teacher A. Hocking; Grade 3;/4W Teacher G. Wood; e. Grade 2R Teacher M. Rodda; f. Grade 5/6G Teacher F. Gargiulo, V. Hall; Grade 1D Teacher M. Gregeon, grade 1K Teacher D. Kent; i. Grade 5/6L Teacher S. Lacey. J. Grade 5/6M Teacher S. Hoile, A. Clark (RH side) k. Grade 3/4E Teacher E. Elliott; Grade 3/4D Teacher F. Daybendigo, education, maple street primary school -
Orbost & District Historical Society
black and white photographs, 1939
These are photographs of students who participated in The Orbost High School Swimming Carnival in 1939. 3181.1 is of the winners in the Senior Breast Stroke. Included are R. Russell (3rd place); P. Gall (2nd place) and B. Russell (1st place). 3181.2 is of the winners of the Junior Dive. In the photograph are: Ray Russell (1st); Dot Lynn (2nd). 3181.3 has five girls who were members of Rowe A Team, the winning bteam. The girls are: M. Robinson; Ray Robinson; M. Herbert; P. Gall; Nance Gilbert. 3181.4 is of three place-getters in the Junior Freestyle. They were: Marion Herbert (1st); Annette D, (2nd) and Ray Russell (3rd)Orbost High School / Orbost Secondary College has played a significant part in the education of senior students in the Orbost district . It is the sole senior educational institution. These photographs are representative of its history.Four small black / white photographs of girls wearing swimming costumes. orbost-high-school swimming school-sports recreation-swimming -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Map (item) - Sales Brochure, Plenty Township Estate and Bryn Teg Hill's Estate, Coghill & Haughton, Melbourne, c.1924
Plenty Township Estate "The rapid growth of Greensborough and the great traffic development on the main road between Heidelberg and Eltham augurs well for Plenty Township Estate. Already a Store, Post Office and State School have been started, and the activities of the Local Progress Association will help the district forward considerably. Within walking distance of the Montmorency and Greensborough stations." Bryn Teg Hill's Estate "Better known as "The Old Sand Hill, "within walking distance of the Montmorency and Greensborough railways stations." "Some few years back Mrs Thomas subdivided portion of the Sand Hill Paddocks, and the areas sold have been settled and many converted into charming outer suburban garden homes with cultivation and orchard plots. The south-eastern slope gives the land a grand outlook over the Yarra Valley on to the Dandenoings, and the are is very picturesque and homely." "A number of the blocks contain large deposits of valuable building sand, which should prove good speculation in view of the forecast for further rapid home development along the Eltham Suburban Electric Service." Sand Hills Road (Old Eltham Road) Date estimated as c.1924 - Electricification of railway line to Eltham referenced on map occured April 1923 and Mrs Mary Thomas died August 1925. Her home Bryn Teg became part of the Heidelberg Golf Club in 1927.The establishment of Lower Plenty as a suburban growth area supported by easy commuting facilitated by the elctrification of the Eltham railway linebonds road, bridge, bryn teg hill's estate, coghill & haughton, eltham road, heidelberg golf club hotel, houses, lower plenty, lower plenty bridge, lower plenty road, main road, plenty hotel, plenty river, plenty township estate, real estate agent, sales brochure, sand hills road, the old sand hill, sand hill paddocks, woodfull road, old eltham road, bryn teg, mrs m thomas -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Black and White, School of Mines Ballarat Basketball Team 1940, 1940
Ballarat School of Mines is a predecessor of Federation UniversityBlack and white formal photograph of School of Mines Ballarat Basketball Team 1940. Names P. Martin, L. Halliday, L. Morish, C. Clogan, M. Cartledge, E. Bell, J.Martin, J. Daniel, W. Hender. Two caricatures of June (by Joe W.) and Joyce (by Max Coward)ballarat school of mines students' magazine committee, ballarat school of mines basketball team 1940, school of mines basketball team 1940, j. martin, j. daniel, p. martin, l. halliday, l. morish, c. clogan, m. cartledge, e. bell, w. hender, max coward -
Montmorency–Eltham RSL Sub Branch
Souvenir - Princess Mary 1914 Christmas Gift Tin, Princess Mary’s 1914 Christmas Gift Tin, November/December 1914
In November 1914, an advertisement was placed in the British national press inviting monetary contributions to a 'Sailors and Soldiers Christmas Fund' which had been created by Princess Mary, the 17 year old daughter of King George V and Queen Mary. The purpose was to provide everyone wearing the King's uniform and serving overseas on Christmas Day with a 'gift from the nation'. The response was overwhelming, and it was decided to spend the money on an embossed brass box, based on a design by Messrs Adshead and Ramsay. The contents varied considerably; officers and men on active service afloat or at the front received a box containing a combinationof pipe, lighter, tobacco and 20 cigarettes and wrappers. Non smokers received a bullet pencil and a packet of sweets instead. Indian troops often got sweets and spices, and nurses were given chocolate.This box is on loan from the grandson of the soldier who it was given to.This box is on loan from Terry Phillips. It belonged to his Grandfather who served at Gallipoli.Princess Mary 1914 Christmas Gift tin. Decorative brass with Princess Mary's profile surrounded by a laurel wreath engraved in the the centre of the lid, with the letter 'M' on both sides. The names of the allied nations are engraved in the corners and on the sides. A sword and scabbard decorate the top side. The lower side is decorated with battleships..At the top a decorative cartouche contains the words "Imperium Britannicum" and one on the lower edge contains the words "Christmas 1914". In small roundels on the corners appear the names "Belgium", "Japan", "Montenegro" and "Servia". "France and "Russia" are written on the short sides.world war one, box, brass box, princess mary 1914 christmas gift, decorative box, anzac, 1914, christmas, gift, princess, mary, russia, belgium, japan, montenegro, servia, france -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - H.A. & S.R. WILKINSON COLLECTION: CONDITION OF SALE
Conditions of sale by private contract dated 11th May, 1925 between F. C. Neivandt and M. Hogan for land situate at 343 High Street described in certificate of title volume 3263 folio 652436, together with remains of 4-roomed brick and weatherboard house. Price 75 pounds.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - DEBORAH MINE - QUARRY HILL
Handwritten notes from a report by J. J. Caldwell, District Geologist. Ref. M. & Geological, July 1938. Page 29. Depth of Shaft 30 - 9 - 1937 - including well was 1025 feet as at 3 - 10 - 1932. Water was then making 500 gallons per hour. Baled with tanks.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, deborah mine quarry hill, m & geological, j j caldwell -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - KELLY AND ALLSOP COLLECTION: ENVELOPE, 28/10/1907
White envelope addressed to Mr. M. Kelly, Williamson St., Bendigo and post marked Melbourne Oct 28 1907. 'On His Majesty's Service' printed across the top of the envelope and 'Returned Letter' printed across the post marking. 'Dead Letter Office, Melbourne' stamped in the bottom left corner.business, stockbroker, kelly & allsop, kelly and allsop collection - envelope, mr m kelly, dead letter office -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BUSH COLLECTION: AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY ART ENTRY, 1911
Entry into Maffra Agricultural Society (Show) - Class Q Art Section 15 No. 3. A 'Victorian Drawing Book' entered by Merle Bush ( M. I.?. B in pencil on cover) - 12 pages of school drawing. Under 16 years. Agricultural Society entry card is inside front cover.person, individual, bush collection - personal -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - JENNY FOLEY COLLECTION: SAUCY
Bendigo Advertiser "The way we were" from Monday, January 3, 2005. Saucy: employees of the H. M. Leggo and Co take a break outside the factory in 1924. The factory, which manufactured pickles and sauces, was located in High Street, Bendigo, in the area now occupied by McDonalds. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - LYDIA CHANCELLOR COLLECTION; THE FREEDOM OF ENTRY PROGRAMME
A white programme with red and purple print. The front cover contains the words ' City of Bendigo Presents The Freedom of Entry to Army Headquarters Survey Regiment Royal Australian Survey Corps. Queen Elizabeth Oval, Bendigo Sunday, 14th June, 1970. The Mayor of Bendigo Councillor J.C. M. Jeffrey.'program, music, royal australian survey corps, lydia chancellor, collection, program, programme, the freedom of entry, royal australian survey corps., event, entertainment, music, ephemera -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - THE ERA OF THE CAB BY EDITH M LUNN
Typed notes titled 'The Era of the Cab' by Edith M. Lunn. Notes mention the cabs in Bendigo, where the cab ranks were, hansom cabs and their drivers, travel from Eaglehawk to Sandhurst and from Epsom to Kangaroo Flat. Also mentions the coming of the motor car and the effect it had on the cabs and the horses.document, the era of the cab, edith m lunn, mr bruby, camp hotel, mr edmondson, shamrock hotel -
Tennis Australia
Racquet, Circa 1910
A wooden racquet with a convex throat. The crown on obverse features the decal inscription: HARVARD. The throat on obverse features the decal logo, in gold, of a dog above a diamond device. Inscription within device: D & M/TRADE MARK. Materials: Wood, Gut, String, Leather, Glue, Lacquer, Metal, Inktennis -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newspaper, The Courier Ballarat, "Thank group for tramway", 25/01/1996 12:00:00 AM
Letter to the Editor of The Courier, Thursday 25/1/1996 written by N. M. Gower, Dana St. Ballarat noting the involvement of the Brown Hill Progress Association in the founding of the museum tramway 25 years ago, referring to an item in the "In Retrospect 25 years ago" of the Courier, 20/1/1996."Thurs 25/1/96" along the bottom right hand side of the cutting in blue ink.trams, tramways, brown hill progress association, letter to the editor, ballarat city tramway, ballarat revival -
The 5th/6th Battalion Royal Victoria Regiment Historical Collection
Certificate - Framed Certificate, Warrant, 1926
Paper Certificate, Warrant issued to John Stevenson of the Australian Citizen Military Forces with effect 1 July 1915 issued 2 March 1927 signed by Brig-Gen M Birdwood. The printed script appears to be hand written with details typed in and a ink signature. It is framed in a ligh wood frame. Signed By Brig Gen Birdwood, Rear of fram has 1RVR PROP 1980 written in pencilbirdwood, 58th battalion, essendon rifles, ww1, wark vc club -
University of Melbourne, Burnley Campus Archives
Newspaper, The Australasian, Pioneers Gardeners, 2019
john m mcewin, j a mcewin, nurseries, staff, h mcewin, first nuresery in victoria -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - SERAFINO TRIO
The Music Advancement Society of Bendigo presents the First Concert 1965 Series 'Serafino Trio'. Paul McDermott Violin. Peers Coetmore Cello, Mack Jost Piano. City Hall, Bendigo on Wednesday, 31st March 1965 at 8.15 p. m. Programme One Shilling. Boltons Print, Bendigo.event, entertainment, music, serafino trio, the music advancement society of bendigo -
Clunes Museum
Photograph, C1950'S
CLUNES GOLF CLUB LADIES PLAYERS. Late 1950's at the old Clunes Golf Course in Keirces Road.CLUNES GOLF CLUB LADIES PLAYERS - B. FENTON, M. HARVEY, J. McDONALD, D. VORBACK, Nance Mead, Phyllis PICKFORD, Ida LEISHMAN, Mavis Williams, Allison Coutts, Ivy Loader , E. TOOLE. Late 1950's at the old Clunes Golf Course in Keirces Road.photograph, golf, clunes golf club -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Certificate - Certificate from Berlei School of Corsetry awarded to Ann M. James 16-27 August 1965, 1/05/2025
1965 training courseCertificate from Berlei School of Corsetry, Instruction in the Fitting of Fashion Styles, awarded to Ann M. James for attendance at a Berlei training course from 16-27 August 1965. Folding two-part certificate contained in black a stout cardboard folding cover, marked Berlei in gold on cover. -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, John Sutherland M.A, Euclid Books I to III by John Sutherland, 1901
Red bound hard cover book of 178 pages. Published by Melville and Mullen. Pages 47 - 52 loose. M. M. Kenna handwritten in ink on facing endcover, preface page and back facing endcover. Address 'Central College, Skene Street Geelong' ((but crossed out) and date '24/4/'03' also recorded. Back facing endcover also has calculations handwritten in ink. euclid, mathematics, john sutherland, maurice m. kenna -
Clunes Museum
Award - TROPHY
TIMBER AND GLASS CASE CONTAINING A GOLD COIN PLACED INTO A PIECE OF RED VELVET WHICH IS AFFICED TO A PIECE OF GREEN VELVETON TIMBER ABOVE GLASS CASE IN GOLD LETTERING: C.S.C.C. INDOOR CARPET BOWLS ON TIMBER BELOW GLASS CASE IN GOLD LETTERING: WINNING RINK: M RYAN, L LEASK, L KING, M FREEMAN ON GOLD COIN: VICTORIA 150 GROWING TOGETHER 1964-1965victoria 150, senior citizens, carpet bowls -
8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles Regimental Collection
Photograph
In 1970, 8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles changed roles from tank to cavalry and undertook training to convert crewmen to new equipment.Collection of photographs showing an armoured regiment of the Citizen Forces in the 1960s as it transitioned from wheeled armoured vehicles to tanks to M113 armoured personal carriers.Black and white photograph of five 8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles soldiers in the interior of a M113 Armoured Personnel Carrier." L to R. : Cpl. E. Delphin, Glenroy, Cpl. M. Brindusic, Lavington, Cpl. P. Russell, Bethanga, Sgt. N. Russell, Wodonga,Sgt. M. Hudson, Lavington,are seen receiving instruction on the CES of the M113 from Cpl. Russell, their instructor on the M113 Conversion Course. " -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Geological specimen - Oil shale
This particular specimen is found in Wolgan Valley, New South Wales. It could be linked to the abandoned oil shale mining sites in Wolgan Valley such as Newnes. Newnes was an industrial complex operational in the early 20th century is now partly surrounded by Wollemi National Park. It produced motor spirit, kerosene, and gas oil. Newnes's Torbanite oil shale rock contained around 350 litres of oil shale per tonne. The Torbanite was mined by the Commonwealth Oil Corporation Ltd. Oil shale is a sedimentary rock and also a form of fossil fuel. It is often formed millions of years ago and usually contain fossilised remains of plants and/or animals. Oil shale is rich in kerogen that releases hydrocarbon when heated. These hydrocarbon can be used as an alternative petroleum or natural gas. The oil-shale rock was converted into oil by "destructive distillation"; the rock being heated until it broke down to form an oily vapour and an ash residue. Oil bearing shale is one of Australia's national assets. There are many oil companies established in Australia. It reflects Australia's rich natural resources as well as connection to the Australia's engineering and oil industry. The booming oil shale extraction businesses can be traced as far back as 1920s. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.Piece of dark gray oil bearing shale with shades of light brown and fossilised leavesExisting label: OIL BEARING SHALE with / FOSSILISED LEAVES / Locality: Wongan Valley, NSW / Donor: Miss M. Cambell geological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, oil shale, shale, fossil fuels, alfred selwyn, wolgen valley, 1868 geological survey of victoria, rocks, sedimentary rocks, newnes, torbanite, commonwealth oil corporation ltd