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Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Cr. G.F. Pedersen, Mayor [of Kew] 1941-2, 1941
Kew achieved independence from the Boroondara Roads Board in 1860. As a new municipality, its first three leaders were designated as chairmen. On becoming a borough in 1863, its leaders were identified as mayors. The earliest photographs date from ca.1906, when the Town of Kew commissioned the noted local photographer Josiah E Barnes to produce standardised portraits of former mayors to be displayed in the Mayoral Chamber of the Town Hall. The collection also includes photographs by other well-known photographic studios such as Burlington Studios, Melba – Melbourne, Stuart Tompkins, Spencer Shier and Talma & Co. The majority of mounts identify the photographer. Eighty photographs are housed in their original frames.This portrait is one of a series of mounted and framed photographic portraits of mayors and town clerks of the former Borough, Town and City of Kew. The portraits were transferred by the City of Kew to the Kew Historical Society in March 1989. A Significance Assessment in 2018, funded by the National Library of Australia confirmed the historic, and often artistic significance of the series.Framed portrait of Cr. G.F. Pedersen, Mayor of Kew 1941-2. The mounting and framing of the photograph follows a typical layout or style in that each is framed in dark wood, glazed, and laid down on an inscribed board. The inscription identifies the name of the mayor and the year/s that he/she served.Cr. G.F. Pedersen / Mayor 1941-2 H Pullan Cooke Studiosmayors of kew (vic), australian photographers - h pullan cooke studios, kew (vic.) — municipal collection -
Wangaratta RSL Sub Branch
Letter, 2/5 Australian Infantry Battalion Assoc, 2000
Letter lists the service history of Sgt A R WILLS VX 5275 2/5 Infantry Battalion. He enlisted in 1939 embarked on HMT 'Ettrick" on 14/4/1940 after basic training at Puckapunyal. Disembarked in Egypt on 18/5/1940 and saw action at Bardia, Greece and Syria. Spent time in Lebanon and Ceylon before returning to Australia on 4/8/1942. On 13/10/42 disembarked at Milne Bay New Guinea and took part in the battle for Wau securing the airstrip and surrounding area after heavy fighting. Between 6-9 Feb 2/5 Bn C and D companies supported by A company spearheaded the attack engaged and defeated the enemy thus ending the battle of Wau Sgt WILLS was one of 28 men killed in action in the Crystal Creek area on 7/2/1943 and is buried at Lae War Cemetery.Letter consisting of letterhead above black typing on white paperAt top 2/5 Australian Infantry Battalion Association 1939-1945 Dated 27 April 2000 At bottom "Sans regret"a r wills, 2/5th aust. inf. bn, lae, new guinea, battle for wau, kia, crystal creek -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Peter Pidgeon, Local History Centre, the former Police Residence. Weather is not going to stop our walk today, 2 Sep 2017, 2 Sep 2017
Heritage Excursion - An Eltham South Ramble, 2 Sep 2017Born Digitalactivities, eltham district historical society, eltham south, heritage excursion, local history centre -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Newsletter, City of Moorabbin Historical Society No. 2 Vol. 7 March 1967, City of Moorabbin Historical Society Newsletter No.2 Vol. 7 March 1967, 1967
Topic ; Death of J W Allnutt; School tours; G & Bills horse troughs; SE HSA exhibition ; LaTrobe Uni Weston Bates; The Aims of the CMHS are ‘to record the history of the City, and register something of the Australian Atmosphere, which the necessary speed-up in post-world-war two (WW11) immigration has caused to be lost; to produce a magazine at regular intervals, featuring the work of pioneers and the changing Australian scene; to work constantly with a long range view towards building a hall where records and exhibits can be housed’ (1961) The Original Newsletters reflect the history and heritage of the former City of Moorabbin — derived from Mooroobin, ‘a resting place’ in the Bunurrung spoken language. In 1994, the City of Moorabbin was integrated into the Cities of Bayside, Glen Eira, Kingston and Monash. This is Newsletter No. 2 Vol. 7 of the CMHS March 1967 CMHS obtained a Kingston City Council Community Grant 2016 for the digitization and preservation of these Original CMHS Newsletters commenced in 1961 2 x L 26cm x W 21cm page 1 printed both sides CITY OF MOORABBIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY / AFFILIATED WITH THE ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF / VICTORIA AND THE CHELTENHAM ARTS AND CRAFTS SOCIETY/ President Mrs N. Blackman… Secretary Mrs F.Neville..... / VOLUME 7 No.2 NEWSLETTER MARCH 1967 city of moorabbin historical society 1961, sheehy t.a., newsletters -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph, W Edmends, Grade 2, Kew State School, 1915
Kew Primary School is the oldest school in Kew and was established on November 1, 1870. It predates the commencement of State education with its genesis lying in the year the colony was founded, namely, 1851. Nicholas Fenwick was recognized as the founder of Kew when he purchased an area of 122 acres (Lot 87) on which Kew Primary School now stands.Grade 2, Kew State School, 1915. One student, Ray Watson, front row, sixth from left is identified by an arrow and cross. Inscriptions front: "Kew State School. Grade 2. Year 1915. Ray Watson. Presented to the Kew Historic Society by Ray Watson, Oct 1978." Inscriptions reverse: "KH-229. Kew State School, Melbourne, Victoria. Grade 2 1915. Teacher Miss Thomas. Albert Raymond Watson. Age 7 years. Mrs Ivory's brother."kew state school, kew primary school -- peel street -- kew (vic.), schools -- kew, government schools -- kew (vic.) -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Medical staff viewing an occupant of an infant incubator - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Donated autoclave “If this only sterilizer (used only whenever all drums are filled to save electric power) breaks down, the hospital does not have sterile gauze or towels" - Equipment donated through Ziarah the Gull Force Association 2/21 Bn AIF / Dr John Forbes Fairfield Hospital & Caltex - Photo from Dr John Forbes photo albums - Ambon Hospital
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Medical staff inspecting part of the women's ward of the hospital - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff and Australian contingent in informal discussions & settings inside the Hospital - MacFarlane Burnet to the let with Dr Forbes at the back of photo - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff and Australian contingent in informal discussions & settings inside the Hospital, Dr Forbes on the left - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff and Australian contingent in informal discussions & settings inside the Hospital, MacFarlane Burnet 2nd from left, Dr Forbes 4th from left - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff and Australian contingent in informal discussions & settings inside the Hospital, Dr Forbes 4th from left - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff and Dr Forbes in informal discussions near blackboard - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff, and Dr Forbes with pipe, engaged in informal discussions inside the Hospital, - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff, and Dr Forbes, engaged in informal discussions inside the Hospital, - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff and Australian contingent in informal discussions & settings inside the Hospital, Dr Forbes, with pipe, 3rd from right - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff in informal discussions & settings inside the Hospital - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff in informal discussions & settings inside the Hospital - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff and Australian contingent in informal discussions & settings inside the Hospital - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials, medical staff and Australian contingent applying chalk to the blackboard - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff and Australian contingent in informal discussions & settings inside the Hospital, Dr Forbes on right - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff, and MacFarlane Burnet, on left in informal discussions & settings inside the Hospital, - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Department of Health and Human Services
Photograph, Officials and medical staff and Australian contingent seated in a Hospital corridor - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital - Photo is from Dr John Forbes photo albums - 1971
Department of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDepartment of Health & Human Services - Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - Capturing Topographic Features with a Wild B8, AUTOMAP 2 Systems Operations – Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo, 1990
This is a set of two photographs of Air Survey Squadron technicians - LCPL Peter Murphy and SPR Rachel (Stanford) Scott capturing topographic features with a Wild B8 stereo plotter with AUTOMAP 2 equipment at the Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo, c1990. Refer to item 6185.4P and 6204.8P for detailed information and additional photographs of the Wild B8 stereo plotter. The history of the AUTOMAP 2 system is covered in more detail with additional historic photographs in pages 119, 137-142 and 180 of Valerie Lovejoy’s book 'Mapmakers of Fortuna – A history of the Army Survey Regiment’ ISBN 0-646-4: 2120-4. See items 6087.10P and 6223.23P for additional photographs of the AUTOMAP 2 system.This is a set of two photographs of Air Survey Squadron technicians capturing topographic features with a Wild B8 stereo plotter with AUTOMAP 2 equipment at the Army Survey Regiment at Fortuna, Bendigo, c1990. The photographs are on 35mm negative film. They are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The photographic negatives were scanned at 96 dpi. .1) - Photo, colour, 1990. LCPL Peter Murphy operating a Wild B8 stereo plotter. .2) - Photo, colour, 1990. SPR Rachel (Stanford) Scott operating a Wild B8 stereo plotter..1P to .2P – no annotationsroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna, asr, photogrammetry -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Tray, Apex District 2
This tray was commissioned as a perpetual trophy for the Apex District 2 (south west Victoria) public speaking competition. The names of 27 winners from 1977 to 2003 are inscribed on the tray. Apex Clubs are service clubs that provide people with the opportunity to volunteer within their community. Members are aged between 18 and 45. The first Apex Club was formed in Geelong in 1931 and Warrnambool Apex Club was the fifth club established in 1931. It went into recess in 1941 and was re-established in 1952. The club closed in 2011. This tray is of interest as an example of the awards given by local Apex Clubs and is retained because the Warrnambool Apex Club closed in 2011. This is a rectangular-shaped silver-plated tray with an etched decorative pattern, two handles attached to the base by metal screws and two side railings also attached to the tray by metal screws. The base has a brown board (mock leather?) inserted through the metal screws. The tray has the names of the winners of the trophy inscribed around the edge of the tray. The tray’s silver is slightly rusted. ‘Apex District 2 Perpetual Public Speaking Trophy Donated by Murray Kelson’ warrnambool apex club, history of warrnambool -
NMIT (Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE)
Report - CTS, Education Department, Victoria, CTS Education Reports 1910-1925. 2 Volumes, Early 20th century
These reports outline the advances in education in Victoria each year. Includes comparative statistics on results for each school. An official record of education in Victoria, covering both city and rural schools.Bound copies of "Education Report of the Minister of Public Instruction for the years 1913-1914 [to] 1924-1925". 2 volumes. Black binding with gold lettering on spine.On spine. Vol.1: "C.T.S./ EDUCATION/ REPORT/ 1910-11/1912-13". Vol.2: "C.T.S./ EDUCATION/ REPORT/ 1913-14/1924-25"education, victoria, education reports, collingwood technical school, cts, nmit, -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Book, Department of Supply, Central Drawing Office, User Handbook Truck Cargo 2 1/2 Ton GS with winch Aust No 1 Mk 3, 1965
Manual for vehicle used by the RegimentSoft covered user handbook for the Truck Cargo GS 2 1/2 ton covering all aspects of driver servicing and simple fault finding7610-66-020-3075, Badge of Commonwealth of Australiamanual, driver training, truck 2 1/2 ton -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book, An Exposition of The Old and New Testament Vol 2-2
An Exposition of The Old and New Testament Vol 2-2 - Joshua to 1 Kings Author: Matthew Henry Publisher: James Nisbet and Co Date: 1866Label on spine cover with typed text RH 220.7 HEN warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, book, an exposition of the old and new testament vol 2-2, matthew henry -
Orbost & District Historical Society
Photograph - two black and white photographs, 13th Light Horse Brigade 2 Troop C Squad
These 2 photos are of Orbost men who were part of the 13th Light Horse volunteer regiment. This military training activity continued on after W W I. These photos were taken at the training camp at Seymour, Victoria. The Orbost troop would journey to other areas for training, sometimes to Bombala, and also practice on the Orbost Rifle Range. Although not identified in these photos, George William Wraight was a leader of the Light Horse Troop in Orbost and it is his daughter Dorothy Hepburn who has donated these photos. George W Wraight was the railway-station master at Orbost from 1935. The Troop often met at the Wraight house in Tarra Street, Orbost for training. George had been in W W I in the Middle East with the Light Horse. While at the railway station at Orbost, George had an accident and suffered 2 broken legs which meant that he could no longer work there. During W W II, he worked as a recruiting officer at Sale and Warrnambool. The Troop was disbanded in the c. late 1930s.Shows evidence of military training activities, Orbost district Two sepia photographs onto grey card. Both photos show a line-up of 20 soldiers standing at attention. Size is H-22cm W-34cmIn Line Picket 2 Troop C Squad 13 LH - written on to both photos13th light horse brigade, c squad 2 troop, military training, george w wraight -
Clunes Museum
Book, Royal Historical Society of Victoria, 1 Victorian Historical Journal Vol 78 No 2, Nov 2007 .2 Victorian Historical Journal Vol. 79, Origins of the rotary Hoist, 1/6/2008, June, 2008
ORIGINS OF THE ROTARY HOIST PUBLISHED 2008 AND MUSIC, MIGRATION AND MULTICULTERISM.1 Paperback,, 285 pages, Issue 268 Vol 78 No 2 .2 Paperback, cream cover, 160 pages Issue 269 Vol 79 No 1non-fictionORIGINS OF THE ROTARY HOIST PUBLISHED 2008 AND MUSIC, MIGRATION AND MULTICULTERISMrotary hoist, historical journal, mustic, migration and multiculterism