In the early nineteenth century larger Australian wool producers sent all their wool by sailing ship to London, where colonial auctions were held in November, January, February and March. Wool bales were carried from the farm on drays or wagons pulled by bullocks, horses or camels to port warehouses. In these times, wool transport could take anything from a week to six months. Ships, such as the Lightning, were then loaded and raced each other to get to London ahead of their rivals. The wooden ship 'Lightning' was destroyed by fire while loading wool at Geelong 31 Oct. 1869. Scuttled in Corio Bay and the remains later blown up. Reputed to be one of the fastest sailing ships. Famous in the Australian passenger trade.Model of a clipper ship with hull painted brown and black. Red Ensign flag attached to flag pole.On label - Lightning Black Ball Line 1854-55geelong, transport, model ship, lightning, wool transport

This crate of bottles may have come from a wholesaler, business, stationer or school. The design of the bottles is sometimes called a ‘cottage’ or ‘boat’ shape. Each of the 70 Caldwell’s handmade glass ink bottles was mouth-blown into a two-piece mould, a method often used in the mid-to-late 19th century. The glass blower burst the bottle off the end of his blowpipe with a tool, leaving an uneven mouth and sharp edge on the bottle, which was usually filed. The bottle was then filled with ink and sealed with a cork. More expensive bottles would have a lip added, which was more time-consuming and costly to produce. The capacity for a bottle such as this was about 3 ½ oz (ounces) equal to about 100 ml. Pen and ink have been in use for handwriting since about the seventh century. A quill pen made from a bird’s feather was used up until around the mid-19th century. In the 1850s a steel point nib for the dip pen was invented and could be manufactured on machines in large quantities. The nis only held a small amount of ink so users had to frequently dip the nib into an ink well for more ink. Handwriting left wet ink on the paper, so the blotting paper was carefully used to absorb the excess ink and prevent smudging. Ink could be purchased as a ready-to-use liquid or in powdered form, which needed to be mixed with water. In the 1880s a successful, portable fountain pen gave smooth-flowing ink and was easy to use. In the mid-20th century, the modern ballpoint pen was readily available and inexpensive, so the fountain pen lost its popularity. However, artisans continue to use nib pens to create beautiful calligraphy. Caldwell’s Ink Co. – F.R. Caldwell established Caldwell’s Ink Company in Australia around 1902. In Victoria, he operated from a factory at Victoria Avenue, Albert Park, until about 1911, then from Yarra Bank Road in South Melbourne. Newspaper offices were appointed as agencies to sell his inks, for example, in 1904 the New Zealand Evening Star sold Caldwell’s Flo-Eesi blue black ink in various bottle sizes, and Murchison Advocate (Victoria) stocked Caldwell’s ink in crimson, green, blue black, violet, and blue. Caldwell’s ink was stated to be “non-corrosive and unaffected by steel pens”. A motto used in advertising in 1904-1908 reads ‘Makes Writing a Pleasure’. Stationers stocked Caldwell’s products and hawkers sold Caldwell’s ink stands from door to door in Sydney in the 1910s and 1920s. In 1911 Caldwell promised cash for returned ink bottles and warned of prosecution for anyone found refilling his bottles. Caldwell’s Ink Stands were given as gifts. The company encouraged all forms of writing with their Australian-made Flo-Eesi writing inks and bottles at their impressive booth in the ‘All Australian Exhibition’ in 1913. It advertised its other products, which included Caldwell’s Gum, Caldwell’s Stencil Ink (copy ink) and Caldwell’s Quicksticker as well as Caldwell’s ‘Zac’ Cough Mixture. Caldwell stated in a 1920 article that his inks were made from a formula that was over a century old, and were scientifically tested and quality controlled. The formula included gallic and tannic acids and high-quality dyes to ensure that they did not fade. They were “free from all injurious chemicals”. The permanent quality of the ink was important for legal reasons, particularly to banks, accountants, commerce, municipal councils and lawyers. The Caldwell’s Ink Company also exported crates of its ink bottles and ink stands overseas. Newspaper advertisements can be found for Caldwell’s Ink Company up until 1934 when the company said they were the Best in the business for 40 years.This large collection of similar ink bottles is of particular significance as the bottles have come from the same source, most have their original corks and some retain their original labels, which is rare. The method of manufacture of these bottles is also representative of a 19th-century handcraft industry that is now been largely replaced by mass production. The bottles and their contents are of state significance for being produced by an early Melbourne industry and exported overseas. This case of ink bottles is historically significant as it represents methods of handwritten communication that were still common up until the mid-20th century when fountain pens and modern ballpoint pens became popular and convenient and typewriters were becoming part of standard office equipment.Ink bottles in a wooden crate; 70 rectangular, hand-blown clear glass ink bottles. They have side seams, uneven thickness, especially at the bases, and rough, burst-off mouths. The shoulders on the long sides have horizontal grooves used for pen rests. The bottles vary; some have labels, some contain remnants of blue-black ink, and many have their original corks. The glass has bubbles and imperfections. The remnants of printed labels are on white paper with a swirly border and black text. The bottles contained Caldwell’s blend of blue black ‘Flo-Eesi’ ink.Printed on label; “CALDWELL FLO-EESI BLUE BLACK INK” “ - - - - “ Printed script signature “F.R. Caldwell”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, ink, nib pen, writing ink, writing, copying, banks, lawyers, commerce, student, permanent ink, flo-eesi, blue black ink, stationery, record keeping, handwriting, writing equipment, writing accessory, office supply, cottage bottle, boat bottle, mouth-blown bottle, two-part mould, sheer-lip bottle, burst-lip, cork seal, f r caldwell, caldwell’s ink company, albert park, south melbourne, inkstands, stencil ink, copy ink, quicksticker, zac cough mixture

Biography of Leonard Keysor. This is the personal story of one of Australia's 9 VC recipients at Gallipoli & the story of his family. Compiled by his great neice, Kiera Quinn Lockyer.Soft cardboard cover, black print on front, spine & back. Mottled beige background with two black & white photos on front. Larger photo is a painting of a soldier in uniform on the battlefield, smaller photo is a half portrait of a soldier in uniform. 302 pages, cut plain paper, illustrated with black & white photos of people, certificates, medals, ships & buildings.Front flyleaf signed in black ink: “Keira Quinn Lockyer”books-military, photography-photographs, keysor, vc

Black and white photos of Grade 11A 1937. Box Hill S.S.2838. Two black and white photosbox hill primary school, schools, students, "those were the days", box hill state school, holt> jack, davey> arthur, whitehead> geoff, betts> denis, graham> jack, baird> bill, slessor> peter, enever> george, bassing> fred, standing> bob, lean> dorothy, king> dorothy, peel> lois, underwood> isobel, smale> thelma, mcdonald> margaret, bennett> mary, king> norma, coutts> graham, carter> lorna, park> dorothy, waters> joyce, barnett> phyllis, crook> carol, rodgerson> margaret, waterson> veronica, petering> marjorie, bolton> barbara, butler> peggy, garrett> geoff, williams> irene, davis> freda, wright> dorothy, murphy> audrey, harris> ruth, mclass> beverley, robinson> keith, aumann> ted

This item was used at St Patrick's Catholic Church, Kirkstall from 1910. Although the item is black, black is no longer a liturgical colour after Vatican II.This is of historical significance to the people of Kirkstall and Koroit. It has potential spiritual significance of the local catholic population. it represents a typical item of a small village church in the late 19th Century.A black robe embroidered with black and silver,The chasuble is Roman style also called sandwich board, Pre- Vatican II style. It is watered silk and it may date from the early 20th C but it may date late 19 Century.There is an embroidered symbol on the front that encompasses the letters J H and S. Symbolic braiding.chasuble, robes, kirkstall, catholic, church, st patrick's kirkstall

This ARSA low vision jumbo quartz unisex watch is black mat aluminium with black face of 34 mm and 12 white figures and black leather strap. Auguste Reymond has now been the leading Swiss manufacturer for forty years in the field of Braille and low vision watches, distributing ARSA timepieces all over the world, in cooperation with all major associations dedicated to the support of the visually impaired. All timepieces are genuine Swiss made watches, assembly by hand in their premises.1 jumbo black and white watchassistive devices, arsa

Black box containing a Matrix Braille writing machine, with a paper spool attached to the feeding mechanism. The front portion of box is hinged and lifts up to reveal keyboard. Top half of box lifts to reveal Braille writer which is bolted to a wooden base that can be lifted out. The base is secured with a metal latch. Machine has black keys and the wooden case has black leather-like covering, hinged lid, metal clasps, and leather handle on the side. "Model G, Matrix, Coventry Gauge & Tool Company, Ltd., No. 792, For The Royal National Institute for the Blind, London W.I." is stamped on the front,Black vinyl-covered case containing black metal writer and paper spool"Model G, Matrix, Coventry Gauge & Tool Company, Ltd., No. 792, For The Royal National Institute for the Blind, London W.I." is stamped on the front.braille equipment, royal national institute for the blind

Letter from the Hon. Treasurer of Legacy Club, Melbourne, to the Chairman of the Junior Legacy Club, Melbourne on 20 April 1943 attaching a cheque for one hundred pounds for Holmbush residence.Apart from being an example of the funding given to Holmbush, it is interesting to note that in 1943 there was both a Melbourne Legacy Club and Melbourne Junior Legacy Club.Letter from 1943 about money from Melbourne Legacy being provided to Junior Legacy for Holmbush. Faded white letterhead, blue printing, black typing, two holes punched for filing.Signed for L.B. Wallace in black ink.residences, holmbush, holmbush administration

Pat Grainger (1930-2023) had a distinguished career as a graphic designer. In the 1960s she lived in Brighton and was working with her husband Les Mason in the influential Les Mason Graphic Design studio in South Melbourne. This was one of three Norma Tullo outfits she owned at the time; she believed it would have been around 1967. Pat was a founding member of Port Melbourne Historical and Preservation Society and was active in local history and environmental and social justice causes. Norma Tullo (1936-2019) was an influential Melbourne fashion designer circa 1960s-1980s, part of a new wave of younger designers creating youthful, modern and affordable styles for a young market.Black and white paisley nylon hot pants dress (.1) with collar. Front button fastening with seven fabric covered buttons; short sleeves and accompanied with short red wool scarf (.2).Label, white text on black: "TULLO".pat grainger, paisley, melbourne designers, pat mason, norma tullo, 1960s

A slide image showing the mother, from the group photo of a mother and two children, with the date of Friday September 20 as Badge Day. The image was used in the early 1960s so 20 September was a Friday in 1963. The slides may have been used for a presentation to promote Badge Day which is held during Legacy Week. A second slide shows the Legacy symbol and same date. The slide was professionally prepared by the Central Screen Slide Service. The image is the best as can be taken from the original.A record of promotional material from the 1960s.Black and white slide of a mother from a Legacy Appeal poster possibly for a presentation.Slide is marked LA3 in black ink the bottom right corner.legacy week, badge day, promotion

A slide image showing a boy from the group photo of a mother and two children with the date of Friday September 20 as Badge Day. The image was used in the early 1960s so 20 September was a Friday in 1963. The slides may have been used for a presentation to promote Badge Day which is held during Legacy Week. A second slide shows the Legacy symbol and same date. The slide was professionally prepared by the Central Screen Slide Service. The image is the best as can be taken from the original.A record of promotional material from the 1960s.Black and white slide of a boy from a Legacy Appeal poster possibly for a presentation.Slide is marked LA4 in black ink the bottom right corner.legacy week, badge day, promotion

A slide image showing the girl from a group of a mother and two children, with the date of Friday September 20 as Badge Day. The image was used in the early 1960s so 20 September was a Friday in 1963. The slides may have been used for a presentation to promote Badge Day which is held during Legacy Week. The slide was professionally prepared by the Central Screen Slide Service. The image is the best as can be taken from the original.A record of promotional material from the 1960s.Black and white slide of a girl from a Legacy Appeal poster possibly for a presentation.Slide is marked LA5 in black ink the bottom right corner.legacy week, badge day, promotion

Letter from the Department of Air, Area Finance Office to F.G.Davey advising that his pay books were enclosed for his future reference, no date recorded. Part of the collection re Frederick Gardner Davey DFC No 410533 RAAF. Refer Cat No 3536P for his service details.Proforma letter in black type on cream coloured paper, hand written details in black ink, handwritten signature in black ink, tear of section at the bottom of the letter has been removed.Hand written in black ink,”410533 F/O Davey F.G, 160916 - C335099”military, document, letter

"Crossing the line" ceremonies were routinely conducted when a crew member made their first crossing of the equator. This photograph depicts aspects of that ceremony and, as Allan Charles Quinn is the photographer, it is obviously not his first crossing. This photograph was exhibited by the Mission to Seafarers as part of the exhibition "Letters from Abroad" in 2012.This photograph is from the Allan Charles Quinn collection which is a collection of letters and photographs depicting aspects of the life of a young man who went to sea in the period immediately following World War II.Black and white photograph depicting aspect of the "crossing the line" ceremony performed at sea on the Ariston. This ceremony was performed to mark a person's first crossing of the equator.Black ink on reverse: Crossing the equator 10.9.46allan-charles-quinn, crossing-the-line, sweden, central-america, north-west-indies, south-america, equator, ariston, letters-from-abroad

Black and white photograph of Lesley Hills and Geoffrey Butterworth in garden c1942Digital copy of black and white photograph.lesley hooper, geoff butterworth

The Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme (KHES) produced electricity for the people living in the Kiewa Valley and beyond to many parts of Victoria. The people and their families working on the scheme were encouraged by their employer the State Electricity Commission of Victoria to purchase and use electrical appliances. The mix master was popular for mixing food for baking and for making juice drinks. Ron White owned this 1950s vintage Sunbeam model 9 mixer with stand, milk glass bowls and complete juicer. Ron was a senior member of staff during the construction and operation of the KHES.This mix master was owned by Ron White who was appointed Area Operations Engineer Kiewa in June 1956. Ron was later appointed General Superintendent and then in 1974 to principal Hydro Engineer of the recently titled Hydro Division.White electrical food mixer with six parts. 1. Motor upright - white, on black stand horizontal. Black dial at back with speeds numbered and type of mix eg. mash. Front switch on/off. Black electric cord attached. Long black handle on one side. 2 Two beaters, silver 3. Bowls, white one small and one large. The small one has a spout. 4. Squeezer, white - fits on top for juicing. Parts as with orange juicer and with funnel at the front for juice to flow into a bowl.'Sunbeam' (in red) / 'Mix Master' in (black) on gold oblong 'emblem' sunbeam mix master; kitchen appliance; cooking; ron white; kiewa hydro electric scheme; food preparation

Black GobletBlack laquered goblet with picture of two people with tree and temple. Picture is painted in gold and red.goblet

Black and white portrait of male - possible a member of the Chatham family.Black and white portrait in light card framechatham-holmes collection, chatham family

Part of a collection of photographs copied from the late Shirley Fraser (nee Black), also descendant of the McLaughlin family. This photograph shows Evelyn and Duncan Black. The photo was made by Yeoman Co. of Bourke Street Melbourne which operated between 1888 and 1915.Digital copy of black and white studio photograph.shirley fraser, evelyn black, duncan black

A black and white photograph of Murchison Street in Marysville in Victoria.A black and white photograph of Murchison Street in Marysville in Victoria. Murchison Street was named for Roderick Impey Murchison who was one of the most distinguished geologists of the 19th century. His liberality and social position plus the pride he took in his science were of immense value in furthering the cause of learning in Britain.murchison street, marysville, victoria, roderick impey murchison, geology, geologist

A black and white photograph of Murchison Street in Marysville in Victoria.A black and white photograph of Murchison Street in Marysville in Victoria.Brownie (32-317) has a little rest/ after taking us around pretty/ Marysville, Vict,. ROY LIEBIGmurchison street, marysville, victoria

A black and white photograph of Murchison Street in Marysville in Victoria.A black and white photograph of Murchison Street in Marysville in Victoria.Main St.murchison street, marysville, victoria, photograph

An early black and white photograph of the township of Marysville in Victoria.An early black and white photograph of the township of Marysville in Victoria. This photograph of Marysville was taken by Nicholas John Caire in 1883. Nicholas John Caire was born in 1837 in Guernsey. He arrived in Adelaide about 1860 along with his parents who encouraged his early interest in photography. He opened a studio in Adelaide in 1867 after traveling extensively throughout the Gippsland taking photographs. After marrying in 1870 he moved to Talbot in Victoria until 1876 when he opened a studio in the Royal Arcade in Melbourne. After 1885 Nicholas John Caire gave up his city work and made his home in South Yarra and devoted the rest of his life to outdoor photography, specializing in the bush, the gullies, and the mountains of south-eastern Victoria. nicholas john caire, marysville, victoria

A black and white photograph of Murchison Street in Marysville in Victoria.A black and white photograph of Murchison Street in Marysville in Victoria.Main Stmurchison street, marysville, victoria, photograph

A black and white photograph of Murchison Street in Marysville in Victoria.A black and white photograph of Murchison Street in Marysville in Victoria.murchison street, marysville, victoria, photograph