An orange clothbound book with blue lettering on then front cover and spine. The book has are 197 pages of text. non-fictionA reference book outlining the different methods used to teach arithmetic to primary school students.arithmetic method, primary schools, teachers

All field units such as 8/13 VMR had need of methods to store equipment. This document provided a template for storage in tropical conditions.Moderate research valueGreen coloured heavy card covered technical manual, screw bound, adhesive fabric spine being Instructions for the Australian Army Ordnance Services Storage in the Tropics 1966.Ink stamp on title page " 8/13VMR Regimental Collection. "

Student course work from 1972 - an insect collection of 13 Orders from Victoria with class notes detailing killing methods of the era.Collected by BHC student Joanne Morris in 1972 from areas in greater Melbourne, Carrum, Cheltenham, Burnley, Eltham, Mildura, Clayton, Malvern and Ormond. Some from Mildura and Flinders. (1) Insects mounted with pins and hand written labels (Order, Family, Collected date and area). Two wooden boxes with slide in glass lids hand made by the student. (2) Folio of instruction notes, "Burnley College of Horticulture Entomology The Insect Collection." Directions on catching/collecting, killing, spreading and mounting the insects. However the catching part is not included.Box 1 contains name of Student JOANNE MORRIS - with each specimen having a handwritten label. ORDER BLATTARIA (3 specimens) ORDER COLEOPTERA (26 specimens) ORDER DERMAPTERA (1 specimen) ORDER DIPTERA (6 specimens) ORDER HEMIPTERA (11 specimens) ORDER HYMENOPTERA (12 specimens) Box 2 contains ORDER LEPIDOPTERA (25 specimens) ORDER MANTIDA (1 specimen) ORDER ORTHOPTERA (6 specimens) ORDER ODONATA (2 specimens) ORDER PLANIPENNIA (1 specimen), PHASMIDA (No Order label) (1 specimen) ORDER THYSANURA (1 specimen) (2) Folio called Entomology: The Insect Collection KILLING, KILLING BOTTLES, SPREADING AND THE SPREADING BOARD, RELAXING, MOUNTING and REARING information as class notes typed and roneoed on 3 x single sided foolscap sheets.insects, joanne morris, student collection, burnley horticultural college, preserved insects

Document undated, most likely SECV, sets out the methods for the resealing of tram tracks in Geelong for either grooved rail or T rail. Demonstrates a document that sets out the procedure for the repair of the road surface in Geelong.Document - typed quarto sheet original.tramways, procedures, track maintenance, geelong, trackwork

This raker/jointer/guage set is a sharpening tool for cross cut logging saws. The logging saws used in the early 1900's for the clearing of forests required constant sharpening of their "cutting teeth". The logging of forested areas during these times was very much a "hands on" method of either one or two men by the use of saw or hand axe. Chain saws, chain and ball(clearing) and bulldozing methods came in the mid 1900's.This particular saw sharpening method was used by surveyors laying down boundaries for the S.E.C. Victoria Hydro Electricity Scheme (1920's). This item was given to a local Kiewa Valley lad who accompanied the initial surveyors. The lad was responsible for the tendering and feeding of the surveyors "pack horses". Surveys during this period and in the dense mountainous terrain of the Victorian Alps was both exhausting and hazardous. Overnight accommodation at various log cabins was not always possible and swag/tent alternative was the "fall back" This raker/jointer saw sharpener was made in the USA (DISSTON) from cast and flat iron. The main body has been painted in orange. It has three adjustment screws on the top horizontal bar and one bolt on(adjusting) leveling platform on the bottom. The small size and weight of this saw sharpener was ideal for the travelling/mobile logger or surveyor(as in this case). The main frame resembles two towers connected by two horizontal bars and the top of the towers has a horizontal bar with adjustment screws. See KVHS 0090 (B) for setting stake wedge adjusting the rake and cutting angle and KVHS 0090 (C) for a small spanner (for adjustments).On one inner supports is stamped "DISSTON" and on the other "U.S.A."hand tool, saw, sharpening method, tree felling.

Pomonal Methodist Church with group of people standing out the front of the building. Photograph taken on the day the church was opened in 1935. Financial aid from the Methodes Church enabled a building to be erected using voluntary labour. The first service was held by the Methodes' on Sunday Dec. 1st. 1935. Conducted by Rev. N. G. Graham of Stawell and the evening service by Rev. G. Fisher of Ararat. This building now used by United Church.Black and white photo of a building with a large group of people kneeling & standing to the right of the building. stawell religion

Straight razors were once the principal method of manual shaving but have been largely overshadowed by the safety razor, which incorporates a disposable blade.Straight razors were once the main method of shaving, This razor with the BENGALL mark was known for its quality on an international scale. During WW11 Cadmans supplied the defence forces with 250,999 razorsCut Throat Razor by 'T R Cadman & Sons Sheffield England'. It has a metal blade, a cream coloured bakelite handle, with a pin hinge for folding to cover blade.Bengall R. Cadman & Sons Sheffield Englandrazor grooming cut-throat-razor

These templates and logos date from before the introduction of desk-top publishing and are an example of how media publications were assembled by the 'cut and paste' method.A varied collection of college logos from the 1980s, coverig both NMCOT and PCOT.Two folders (one manilla folder, one plastic) containing templates and master copes of logos for use on corporate publications. On cover of manilla folder: 'Gina / Print Room / T&D / Brochures'corporate communications, pcot, nmcot, preston college of tafe, northern melbourne college of tafe, logos, nmit,

Photographs show track laying inside tram car sheds. One of the photos is the Malvern Depot new shed - shows the rail support method.Yields information about depot construction Colour and black and white photographsOne photograph is stamped on rear 'Sutcliffe Pty Ltd Photographers. Cromwell Buildings 306 Bourke St Melbourne'm&mtb, depot, car shed, track laying, east preston depot

The British Australasian Tobacco Co. (based in Melbourne and Sydney. The parent company was founded in England, circa 1902). This item "Lucky Hit" was the fore runner of the "Lucky Strike" brand name. The ready rubbed tobacco held within the tin was mainly used by those smokers who rolled their own cigarettes. These smokers would have mainly used their palm and formed a cup then placing their choice of the amount of tobacco to be rolled. This would then be placed on the fine cigarette paper and rolled and sealed (using saliva in the mouth) into the required shape. There were mechanical "roll you own" gadgets on the market but most rural users, especially males used their palms. The quantity of tobacco used to make up the cigarette was up to the individual user. The thinner that the cigarette was rolled the longer and more economical did the supply last. The by -products of this method were nicotine stained fingers and hands. "Chain" smokers were easily identified and could therefore be discriminated against obtaining smoke sensitive employment. The two world wars (1914-18 and1939-45) produced a significant rise in the consumption of cigarette use by men and the eventual overflow to women. Cigarette smoking before the 1900s was seen as rough and uncouth (socially frowned upon), however after the introduction of overseas films (U.K. and U.S.A.) and film stars presenting smoking as socially acceptable the rise of smoking cigarettes, especially roll you own (American western movies) in rural areas was an accepted way of life. Things however started to change in the mid 1900s when medical evidence pointed to the health problems of regular smokers. Governments were now implementing non smoking education material. Restrictions on where and when smoking was permitted and acceptable started to creep into all areas of society whether city or rural. This was the era that highlighted the use of roll your own cigarettes, especially when the costs of "tailor made" cigarettes were taxed at an increasing amount. Roll your own cigarettes also provided an avenue for the consumption of illicit drug use.The significance of this ready rubbed tobacco tin to this rural region is, stems from how much influence that the Western novels and overseas films (portraying rural lifestyles) played in shaping the rural social and working mores of the Kiewa Valley. The post war depression (financially) resulted in more smokers turning away from expensive machine (tailor) made cigarettes to the roll your own, using ready rubbed tobacco. This tobacco tin relays a long ago era, when personal contact, and not something that has been written down by some "unknown", was valued as the true appraisal of a member of the community. This was especially relevant in a small regional area such as the Kiewa Valley. Although social networking was not as fast then as the internet provides now, appearances, manners, fashion and etiquette with first impressions high on the order of evaluating someone in the community. Pointer such as the brand of tobacco smoked was part of the rural assessment method. Up until the demise of the Australian Tobacco Industry, circa 2004, the Kiewa Valley and surrounding district was part of a vibrant producer of tobacco leaves. The remnants of this industry still remain today but the drying sheds (for tobacco leaves) are now used to store hay for the valley's dairy and beef cattle industries. Tins 2,3 and 4 were found (in 2009) at Wallace's Hut on the Bogong High Plains. This tobacco tin is constructed from tin plated thin rolled steel. The lid is attached by two pressed and formed (from the main frame) hinges using the nip and tuck construction method. The lid and outside frame have been gold & silver anodised. Tins 2,3 and 4 have the Union Jack on the front lid. One is too rusty to read. The other two have "A blend containing choice selected Australian grown leaf" in white across the bottom on the red border and above the "2oz net weight when packed". In the centre and on the outside of the lid and surrounded by a reproduction of the "Union Jack" is stamped, "Lucky Hit Tobacco" within these words are also stamped "Ready Rubbed". The bottom of the lid is stamped (in smaller script) "2oz NET WEIGHT WHEN PACKED" and underneath this and on the rim of the lid is "THE BRITISH AUSTRALASIAN TOBACCO CO. PTY. LTD. MELBOURNE" on the inside of the lid and stamped in black print on a gold anodised lid is " NOTICE "(underlined) "Every tin of genuine "Lucky Hit has the name of the Manufacturing Company printed on wax paper lining; also on the band or wrapper with which the tin is sealed. THE BRITISH-AUSTRALIAN TOBACCO CO. PTY. LTD., MELBOURNE" and underneath this and underlined is " None genuine without the band or wrapper" On the hinge side of the lid is "LUCKY HIT READY RUBBED TOBACCO" Tins 2,3 and 4 Vary to the above inscription.roll your own, cigarette tins, smoking accessories, personal effects, tobacco containers, tobacco

"Bunty" Lawrence of Bendigo, standing 3rd from right. (Bunty Lawrence 7 Bn is credited with inventing the dripwater method of time delay firing a rifle>)This is a colour photo of a group of six men. Four standing, 2 sitting. They are in a hall, timber floor, cream, brick wall behind them. On the wall is a black and white portrait of a large group of men, HM The Queen and a poster stating 50 years of Service 1926 - 1976. The photo is mounted in a black cardboard, folding cover. Top centre of the wall is a large Legacy Badge.ww1, legacy, portrait

Frances Rigg was a local business identity in Kew, at one stage managing the local branch of the English, Scottish and Australian (ES&A) Bank at 175 High Street from c. 1920 until the 1940s. After Francis Rigg’s death, the collection of buttons and medallions was inherited by his son, Ken Rigg (1922-2014). The collection was subsequently donated to the Kew Historical Society in 2015 by Francis' grandson, Adrian Rigg, at the time of the Gallipoli & Beyond Commemoration in 2015. The collection covers a period of almost 40 years. The majority of the buttons are patriotic buttons, issued and sold during and immediately after the First World World War (1914-1918) to raise funds for national and overseas causes. The collection also includes a number of locally significant sporting event buttons and sporting club medallions, issued in the 1920s and 1930s.Patriotic and other pressed tin buttons and badges were produced in large numbers in the first decades of the twentieth century. By nature, insubstantial and ephemeral, they have not always survived. The collections of badges, buttons and medallions in the Kew Historical Society collection is homogenous and yet diverse, ranging from buttons sold to raise funds for the war efforts in 1914-18 and 1939-45, to those used at festivals and sporting events. Because of the manufacturing process, many surviving buttons and badges have been affected by inadequate storage, suffering from oxidisation and physical damage. These survivors are now historically and socially significant artefacts, revealing much about the attitudes and values of the period in which they were produced. Their widespread distribution means that they are frequently significant at a local, state, national and international level.A tin buttonhole button from a series of 16 badges issued by Amalgamated Press. George Geary (1893-1981) was an English Cricketer who played in a number of tests against Australia including the 1928-29 tour. The button includes a tab which states ‘Bend Me’ which was a simple method of attaching the badge to a lapel."Geary"george geary, cricket, test cricket

This spanner, part of a raker/jointer/guage set which is a sharpening tool for cross cut logging saws. The logging saws used in the early 1900's for the clearing of forests required constant sharpening of their "cutting teeth". The logging of forested areas during these times was very much a "hands on" method of either one or two men by the use of saw or hand axe. Chain saws, chain and ball(clearing) and bulldozing methods came in the mid 1900's.This particular spanner was part of a crosscut saw sharpening tool and method was used by surveyors laying down boundaries for the S.E.C. Victoria Hydro Electricity Scheme (1920's). This item was given to a local Kiewa Valley lad who accompanied the initial surveyors. The lad was responsible for the tendering and feeding of the surveyors "pack horses". Surveys during this period and in the dense mountainous terrain of the Victorian Alps was both exhausting and hazardous. Overnight accommodation at various log cabins was not always possible and swag/tent alternative was the "fall back"This small spanner is part of the Raker/Jointer Gauge saw set and is made from forged steel. The nut grip is of the two tightening nuts on the main construction frame. See KVHS 0090 (A &B) for the other items making up the sharpening tools.hand tool, saw, sharpening method, tree felling.

The second version of the Versabraille system, which appeared in 1987, reflected the change from cassette to floppy disks and an enhanced method to produce 128 standard ASCII characters. Light brown coloured plastic square object with brown covering box and transformer with cord TSIbraille equipment, assistive devices

Historically this school writing slate pre-dates paper and electronic writing pads. This was used for non permanent written communication within or outside the classroom. It use was mainly as a quick temporary method and could be easily erased by cloth or fingers. As it could be used repeatedly without additional cost and was therefore a very cheap method of teaching and learning outdoors as well as indoors. This was especially relevant to country schools and outdoor excursions. It was fairly robust but could shatter if allowed to fall on the ground.This item evolved from a form of communication, that of primitive engravings on stone. This tablet was a refined writing/drawing pad that did not require any electronic/battery power input. This writing slate was so useful in an era where relative isolation (Kiewa Valley Schools) from electronic and cheap writing pads was the reality and the norm. This was a time when the hand writing and hand drawing was a basic form of non spoken communication. Students used this slate pad to reinforce their skills which would come in handy when they needed to produce temporary notices on slate information boards, e.g. rail/bus-time/route alterations.Writing slate used for Primary School classes. Wooden frame. Has hole in frame and string threaded through to allow it to be hung on a hook or nail.slate pads, chalk boards, school learning utensils

This item relates to methods of reproducing photos on all forms of material in an era of physical offset printing.The offset method is being replaced by digital transfer direct to the final product,(paper or other porous and non porous surfaces). Newspapers and other "paper" information publications are still producing "hard copies" but these are slowly being phased out. This item was used Circa 1920s in the peek period of paper based media. From the 1940s radio and then television stepped into the mass media revolution.This book was produced when all printing, Government and private enterprise, was using the "off set" method. This method was used to a great degree in all schools within the Kiewa Valley. It was in an era before "photo-copying machines" were available. This was a period when printing inks for larger printing machines had to be purchased from specialised outlets and printing presses required to be washed after each "run" of printing before the next plate(aluminium) could be fastened onto the "off sett" machinery. Heat infusion now used in large machines and domestic printers has superseded this task. Faded green cloth covered book with green papered front and back sleeve pages.Photos and sketches are throughout the book. Gloss paper used from page 1 one to page 400. Pages 401 to page 432 are not gloss paper. The type of paper varies throughout the book until final advertisement and index pages, from page 833 to page 846, are on gloss paperThe spine cover is badly worn and wording is faded. Front cover has"Commercial Engraving And Printing" Author and publisher details written by Charles W. Hackleman. Published by Commercial Engraving Publishing Company, "A Manual of Practical Instruction and Reference Covering" Commercial Illustrating and Printing by all Processes.technical book, reference for engraving and printing

Typed letter on Frank J. Every's letterhead. Date on pencil 7/12/39. The letter to employees advising about the adoption of a system of "Instruction Bulletins" to be issued to each member periodically. By this method of imparting personal instructions in the art of conduct of business, I am hopeful to attaining a high standard of service and efficiency in every department.business, retail, frank j.every's

Yields information about the start or typed input for the printed instruction book to Inspectors issued in 1951.Typed quarto sheet titled "Instructions for Tramways Traffic Inspectors (Issued 1951)", one of at least two or more sheets, covers behaviour, dress, standards, employees, methods of instructions, discipline, ticket checking and tram driving. Headed SEC Provincial Tramways. Formed the input for "Instructions for Tramway Traffic Inspectors", see Reg Item 611trams, tramways, sec, instructions, inspectors, drivers, conductors, training, management

This was part of a series. Inside on the front page is recorded that this was Vol 2, No 3. The newsletter is a mix of accounts of the activities of the group and more general hints and items of interest. A newsletter in the form of a booklet. The cover is printed on yellow paper and the other pages in cream. They are secured with one staple. It has been duplicated using the gestetner method. The front cover has a masthead with an inverted boomerang and indicates it is published monthly for the First Surrey Hills Scout Group. Cover illustration is of 2 boys in uniform reading the newsletter.Nilfirst surrey hills scout group, newsletters, alan rudd, r dillon, john white, rex thompson, graeme ellis, peter hoard, neil watson, b morgan, scouts

List or check list - laminated sheet, DL size, titled "Fault Finding "B"", listing the method to check and rectify faults on B class trams; including Power Off, Battery light, air conditioning, insulated trams, line breaker, driving from either end, power on, but will not drive, defective doors and damaged pantographs.trams, tramways, b class, faults, lists

Memorandum, Gestetner duplicated on a foolscap sheet, titled "Revenue Sharing scheme for Gripmen and Conductors" detailing the method of sharing the increase in earnings between 30/8 and 26/12 1919 and noting that the new Tramway Board will assume control on 1/11/1919 and that the scheme may not continue. Dated 9/10/1919. two copies held.trams, tramways, tramway board, mmtb, personnel, wages, passengers

Judging from the copying method used, this copy would have been made in the 1960s. It was probably reproduced from a microfilm copy of the Journal held by the State Library of VictoriaYellowed copy of a black and white image, copied from a journal, featuring All Saints vineyard and wineryAt top of page: "86 The Australian Vigneron and Fruit-Growers' Journal, April 1905"all saints winery, wine industry, viticulture

Judging from the copying method used, this copy would have been made in the 1960s. It was probably reproduced from a microfilm copy of the Journal held by the State Library of VictoriaYellowed copy of a black and white image of a page from a journal, featuring All Saints winery and vineyardAt top of page: "April 1905 The Australian Vigneron and Fruit-Growers' Journal 87"all saints winery, wine industry, viticulture