Newspaper cuttings of an article and accompanying photo in "The Herald" December 9, 1931. The photo is of four students carrying pitchforks of oats, with the caption: "Girl harvesters at Burnley Horticultural School see plenty of the practical side of farming. They are carrying the last sheaves of an oats crop stacked yesterday." The accompanying article, "Burnley's Long Career," describes the students activities and the history of the school. It discusses the changes in the girls' uniforms over the years and the types of girls who take the course: those wanting a career as gardeners, those wishing to make 'pin money' from part-time gardening and those who regard gardening as a domestic hobby. Research and writing are also mentioned as potential careers.the herald, students, burnley horticultural college, students working outside, oats, careers, uniforms

Set of 8 photographs taken by Warren Doubleday on 16/4/1999 of moving the ex SEC bike, bicycle, shed to Bungaree. On Kodak paper. 1101.1 - stacking the roofing materials onto a hired trailer. .2 - shed ready to be lifted. .3 - lifted and then placed waiting and waiting for the truck. .4 - Crane and truck with shed arriving Bungaree. .5 - Lifting shed off the truck. .6 - ditto .7 - placing shed into position onto the stumps. .8 - Carolyn and Anita chopping up the in front of the house, that had about two weeks before parted from the main trunk. See also Reg. No. 1094 and 1095 for other photos of the move. btm, sec bike shed, bungaree

BHS CollectionFirst Class Season Greeting Booklet: Small Blue booklet with gold Print. Gold logo with a horse shoe and a train engine with smoke stack, around that is a banner with *Health Wealth and Happiness line* Also printed on the front is *A First Class Season to you*. Inside on white paper and black print is *First Class Season Ticket. Health Wealth & Happiness Line on the Railway to Life. Always available stations all over the world etc. A Joyous Christmas and a bright New Year, with a long and very happy journey through life. No. 369 Issued by…. Maud. On the back printed in gold is Good Luck. Two hands clasped and underneath At All Times and At All Seasons in Box 625Angus Thomas, Publisher London, E.C.personal effects, greeting cards, christmas

Black and white photograph on cream card.Foxing spots throughout. Date approx. 1896 / 1876. View across mining area showing at least 9 poppet heads, 11 chimneys and many buildings associated with the mines. C to L - flume, wood stacks, mullock heaps. Inscriptions in image: 'Duchess Tribute' on weather board building at C. 'N' at TR. Hand printed above image (on earlieir copy of this image of which this is a photograph), 'Devonshire Group on Mines / Snob's Hill and Mungo Mines in Background'. Above image: 'Duchess Tribute', 'South Devonshire', 'West United Devonshire', 'Pheonix', 'Duchess of Edinburgh', 'United Devonshire'. On the back: blue circular stamp 'Royal Historical Society of Victoria, Bendigo Branch' , 'MNG 71'.James Lerk 26/11/1999place, mining site, see also 2000.426.01, 2000.437.01, 2000.438.01, 2000.439.01, 2000.504.01, 2000.508.01, 2000.509.01

Trunk belonged to Godfrey Hirst and was used in his travels between Australian and England. Godfrey Hirst's first trip to Australia was in 1885 and his last trip was in 1916. In this time Hirst was known to travel between Australia and England regularly on the lookout for the latest updates from England that he could bring to his factory in Geelong. The trunk was donated by Susan Wiffen (née Betts), the great granddaughter of Godfrey Hirst. Godfrey Hirst set up a successful woollen textile factory in Geelong in 1888. The factory stayed in operation until 1966. The company still bearing his name has since been purchased by various investment companies but continues to be the largest carpet manufacturer in Australia. Predominately black trunk with two wooden bands around the sides of the trunk and five across the top (lid). The lid is slightly curved and contains white printed lettering GODFREY HIRST. The trunk also contains small wheel underneath locked for pushing the trunk sideways only. The trunk contains two leather handles on either side. Internally, the trunk contains three levels of storage with baskets stackable on top of one another. The baskets are finished in a white and brown striped fabric which has red taped edging for additional strength. The top layer of baskets also has brown leather latches in order to keep the basket lids shut. The layered levels of storage are synonymous of Saratoga style trunk.Printed. Letters: Godfrey Hirstgodfrey hirst

Four photographs framed together to produce a panorama. The four photographs were taken from the slope of the Ballarat School of Mines where the Wesley Church now stands. When joined they gave a panoramic view of one of the world’s richest alluvial goldfields. The town you see had over 50,000 people. Bridge Street on the left is well established. The crude pans and cradles of the early “diggers’ were already giving way to steam power and the deep shafts of the “miners”. Money and machinery were needed to get to the deeper leads, and the smoke stacks of the great company mines can be seen across the photo. The waterloo mines was one of the first deep shafts and was sunk at the foot of the Dana Street hill. Its tailings are seen in the second photo from left. ballarat, ballarat gas works, mount warrenheip, shingle roof, mullock heap, mining

Watercolour and black pen painting of the Bank of New South Wales, Eaglehawk. Written on bottom of art:' Note room with high chimney where gold was melted into ingots to be sent to Melbourne. This bank was closed about 1920 and has been used as a shop since' Artwork signed by Alf Perry 1954. Two punch holes on LH side. Written on back in pencil : Only 3 banks in Victoria had a smelting room with tall chimney. The gold was bought and refined and melted into ingots. The three banks were at Eaglehawk, Castlemaine and Bendigo (from publicity officer Bank of NSW Melbourne). I have established that the Castlemaine Bank NSW definitely did not have a chimney stack as in this picture. My information came from an old member of Castlemaine Bank of NSW staff in 1962.'eaglehawk, commercial, bank of nsw

BHS CollectionHand written list of war restrictions: On paper with blue lines for writing, sheet came from a writing pad. War situation Ordinance Factory Guns. Con on Trams. Guards - Women in Industry - Stacking. Man power regulations. Direction of Labour. Rationing Coupon System. Black Marketing. Black out regulations - Street lighting, Shops and Homes. 100 mile inland. Road Signs. Shovels for road trenches. Petrol rationing. 4 Galls Police Supplies. Women in slacks for Winter. Power restrictions. Air raid wardens. Organise spare ........... Race course was camp. Show grounds was camp also. American troops billeted with us. Volunteer Air observers. Corps. All planes to be accounted for and ......................................................Severe Winters. Radiators banned. Box 625

Mr. Evans is CEO of Royal District Nursing Service (RDNS), and he is sitting in his office at RDNS Headquarters, 452 St. Kilda Road, Melbourne.Mr. Evans was CEO of Royal District Nursing Service for many years and introduced computers to improve the Payroll system and the Records Department. In his years at RDNS the Service expanded into many suburbs with Centres being built, more cars required, more nurses employed and a rise in patient numbers. He was CEO when RDNS underwent its initial 'Accreditation for 3 years' in 1985. A coloured photograph of Mr. Frank Evans, who has receding dark hair, and is wearing a pale blue long sleeve shirt and a brown patterned tie. He is looking at the camera as he sits on a grey chair behind his desk, and has a pen in his right hand poised over a white sheet of paper. Other sheets of white papers cover the desk., To the left rear is a small two shelf table, with papers and a blue cellotape dispenser on the top shelf, and books and cards on the bottom shelf. On the wall above it, part of a large map can be seen. Behind Mr. Evans, and to the right of the table, is a grey multi draw cabinet with some draws partly open, and one fully open with white papers in it. Multi coloured books and folders stand vertically on the top of it, and to there right are two rows of stacked open shelving with files and papers in the individual shelves. royal district nursing service, rdns, rdns ceo, mr frank evans

The first tape based talking book machine from the late 1950s, produced by Clarke & Smith, that allowed the listener to hear up to 20 hours of recordings. Although bulky (each tape cartridge alone weighed over 2 kgs), the MK1 was the first magnetic, multi-track tape produced and considered quite novel for it's time. The cartridge designed to be played on the Clarke & Smith MK1 Talking Book player came in it's own separate container. Each cartridge houses the complete mechanism, track change linkages, replay heads and tape spools, which are stacked on top of each other within the housing. When one track was finished, the user was required to lift the metal cassette, turn it over, and replace it on the turntable. The bulky cartridges were distributed by post or train in strong 'Globite' cases made with reinforced corners and strapped. The costs associated with talking book players were high and individuals/groups/service clubs were asked to sponsor a machine to help those who could not afford to buy or rent one. In this example, a plate attached to the lid indicates who raised the funds: "This talking book/is presented to you/by Tallimba Branch/ of CWA of NSW." Please note: despite images, there are no cartridges with this model.Metal talking book machine housed in a brown wooden carry case. There are two plastic knobs on the front facing right hand side, and an electric cord extending from the back of the case. To the left of the knobs is a speaker grille. Also includes talking book cartridge 'The darling buds of May'.audio equipment, clarke and smith

General use of milk bottles is usually associated with the 20th century , with occasional late 19th century. Initially, milk was delivered in cans stacked upright in a wagon. At each stop, someone, usually the wife of the house, would bring a pitcher or a pail to the wagon, and the milk man would ladle out the desired amount of milk. Needless to say, this practice was hazardous and unhealthy. The New York State Tuberculosis Association condemned the practice of selling “loose milk,” still being conducted in New York City in 1922, as a major cause for the spread of tuberculosis (Glass Container1922:8). It is probable that the delivery of milk in glass containers became universal shortly thereafter. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Spotswood 1880 - 1990. made bottles for various companies. Milk cartons first came to Australia in 1958, when the Model Dairy in Melbourne began packaging milk in 150 ml and 500 ml cartons. At the time, 160,000 new glass bottles were needed in Melbourne alone every week to keep up the delivery of 1.3 million bottles of milk a day. In 1970, the blow-moulded disposable plastic milk bottle was introduced. In 1987, only about 2% of milk was still being sold in glass bottles. Glass milk bottles are now rare After Decimalization 14/2/1966 Metric measure glass bottles were used A clear glass milk bottle ‘Imperial’ half pint. Around centre : IMPERIAL HALF PINT Base: M / 'scar' / 824 ( enclosed in a circle) / 8 / 760melbourne, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, manufactured glass, milk bottles, dairy farmers, dairies

Various images taken of library processes and staff, for the NILS Annual Report. These include: - the Circulation area, where items were returned via post and stacked on trolleys. Cassette books were checked for completeness (as a book could require multiple cassette containers or having missing cassettes) and if they had been rewound, before returning. The computer system either re-circulated the book out to another borrower or put to storage in the Hanging Carousel, which was 1 storey high and housed 1000's of books. Books being sent out again were issued a card with the address label printed on it, and were required to be placed in the address rack on the book, before being shipped out via post. - Computer Access Centre was located in the Browsing Library and consisted of two computers, one with a larger screen for increased font size and a trackball mouse designed for people with limited mobility. - Duplication where blank cassettes are loaded into 'slaves' and a master recording duplicated on to multiple tapes - Browsing Library where a small selection of Braille, audio and large print books are kept and can be viewed. - Braille and Large Print Production, where text is scanned then transformed into the desired format, before proofing and dispatch to the client. - Audio Production studios where text is recorded by single or multiple narrators, and produced. 298 images of NILS staff, clients and volunteersnational information library service, john turner, carl sayo, tim mitchell, marnie rose-smith, ted johnson, craig carey, jamie kelly, alan egerton, alan bates, bernadette jolley, debbie cooke, kelly thong, robert de graauw, karl hughes, justin bates, jean watson

This postcard was written by a person referring to themselves as 'Malee Male', possibly living in the Malee area of South West Victoria. It was written after the wreck of the sailing ship Falls of Halladale, wrecked at Peterborough in November 1908, and before the reign of King George V in May 1910, at which time new postage stamps would have been issued to replace those of Queen Victoria. The writer refers to the excitement of the shipwreck and of having a sailor from the ship working for his/her mother (there was no loss of life from the shipwreck). The note is addressed to a single female family member and includes greetings to people they both know. The address of Oakleigh is approximately 20km south east of Melbourne. The writer talks of being tired and weary, inviting the receiver to visit and help with the 'office', also hinting at some matchmaking for his/her Aunt. It would be a long journey for a person to travel from Oakleigh to the South West Victoria areas. This postcard is an example of the style of writing in Victoria in the early 1900's and of social issues and concerns, including shipwrecks.Postcard, black and white photograph of the Falls of Halladale in full sail. Back of card has handwritten, black script. Top right has 2 x Half Penny stamps, green, Queen Victoria's profile. A short note addressed to a family member Miss M. (Maysie) MacLean c/o Mrs Waite, Warragul Rd, Oakleigh and signed of Mallee Male, refers to the photograph on the front and sailors from the ship.Note on card is addressed to Miss M. MacLean c/o Mrs Waite, Warragul Rd, Oakleigh and signed of Mallee Male. Message on card is ."Dear Maysee and all, too busy and tired to write but not to forget you all. This is a view of the ship Falls of Halladale, great excitement, one sailor boy came back to work for Mum and he and one crew ... When are you coming up Maysie, If you haven't any things else on hand. You can come and assist me with office. Aunt is feeling ... Do you know of any nice boys for Aunt anywhere? Dear old chicken, I am so weary so tata. Stacks of love to all and ... Mallee Male." flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, falls of halladale, peterborough, 14/11/1908 shipwreck, queen victoria half penny stamp, maysie maclean warragul rd oakleigh, mrs waite warragul rd oakleigh, post card, postcard, communication early 1900's, mallee male, sailor employment

Bendigo Advertiser '' The way we were'' from Monday, October 28, 2002. Miniatures: in 1960, 15 mini-debutantes, dressed in white frocks and wearing wristlet posies of pink and blue, were presented to the Bishop of Sandhurst, the Most Rev. B. D. Stewart, at St Liborius' annual children's ball in Eaglehawk Town Hall. The debs and their partners were: Patricia Hill (John Leahy), Pauline Hughes (Bradley Penno), Ann Stewart (Philip Munro), Margaret Benbow (Garry Kallismae), Marie Girvan (Norman Hall), Mary Anderson (Colin Hill), Valerie Andrew (Bernard Crameri), Dianne Crawford (Danny Dullard), Jennifer Newman (Michael Cluff), Carmel McQuillan (Robert Hall), Dorothy Wilson (Shane Metcalf), Rhonda Metcalf (Wayne Fitzgerald), Patricia Fitzpatrick (Mark Gladman), Mary Stack (John Keogh), Elizabeth McCann (Joseph Singe). The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

Yields information about the Royal Visit to Ballarat and the tram decorated for its visit along with other arrangements.Set of three eight digital images taken of Queen Elizabeth II to Ballarat 6/3/1954 by W. J. Llewelyn. .1 - Street view of Sturt St looking East at St Patrick's church, with No. 38 in the background and the wooden crowd control barriers stacked by the footpath. .2 - Crowd waiting at the intersection of Sturt and Lydiard St. .3 - Crowd waiting in Sturt St, with soldier's, outside Myers Store .4 - Crowd and guard of honour waiting at the station. .5 - The Queen and Duke in the official car in Sturt St. .6 - ditto with Myer Store in the background. .7 - Scottish unit marching at the intersection of Bridge St and Grenville St with he Bucks Head Hotel in the background. Note the sign on the hotel pointing to the Floral Carpet at the Alfred Hall. .8 - Band at the City Oval. Date obtained from http://wiki.prov.vic.gov.au/index.php/Royal_Visit_1954,_Locations_for_Visiting_Municipalities,_Ballarat (accessed 11-6-2017)trams, tramways, civic functions, royal visit, railway station, lydiard st, sturt st, city oval, myers, tram 38

Miss Wright is Director of Education at Royal District Nursing Service (RDNS). She is sitting at a desk in the Education Department which was in Headquarters, 452 St. Kilda Road, until 1974 when it relocated to larger premises at 448 St. Kilda Road. Education was an integral part of Melbourne District Nursing Society (MDNS) from its inception in 1885, later called Royal District Nursing Service, (RDNS). Only Trained Nurses (Nurses) were employed by the Society, and on visits to patients they taught the necessity of hygiene and cleanliness, as well as the need for a good diet, to bring about good health. Doctor’s lectures were later given at the MDNS home to instruct patients and their families on prevention of disease. Education to patients continued throughout the years regarding health care and the use of equipment in the home. In 1961 Education programs commenced at MDNS with their Trained nurses (Sisters) receiving In-service education. Staff could also apply for scholarships to further their education outside of RDNS. At RDNS many programs were run, including: a Post Basic Course, Cardiac Rehabilitation Nursing, Haematology/Oncology Nursing, Palliative Care program, Diabetic Stabilization Program, Leg Ulcer Management Program, Wound Care Specialist Program, HIV/AIDS Nursing Care, Cystic Fibrosis Home Support, Veterans Home Care Program, Homeless persons Program, Breast Cancer Support Program, Continence Management Program, Stomal Therapy Program, In-Home Lactation Support Program. RDNS staff attended several hospitals to observe and learn special care needed to some clients, e.g. to the Austin Hospital to learn the care required for paraplegic and quadriplegic clients at home and to Mount Royal Hospital to observe the care of clients in the rehabilitation ward.. A Community Nursing Education Program was extended to student nurses from hospitals and to other nursing organizations. These Education programs kept the RDNS Sisters abreast of new techniques, such as changes in technology for e.g. new testing methods in detecting glucose levels in Diabetic patients. Sr. Nan Deakin obtained a Post Basic Certificate in Psychiatric Nursing and included this area in her education lectures. Sr. Daphne Geldard specialized in the area of Alzheimer’s disease and Dementia. These Sisters visited patients in District areas with the regular RDNS Sister when required. Every member of staff, both professional and non professional staff, received regular education in the Education Department. In 1980, a Home Health Aide pilot study, funded by the Federal Government, the Brotherhood of St. Laurence and RDNS, with the program written and taught by Sr. Rowley, was evaluated as successful, and Home Health Aides were employed and worked in RDNS Centres under the supervision of the RDNS Sisters. Black and white photograph of Miss Ora Wright, who has light coloured wavy hair and is wearing a grey long sleeve top with a long string of mixed coloured beads hanging over it. She is sitting behind a dark coloured wooden desk and has a pen in her right hand poised to write on a white sheet of paper. Her left arm is bent with her hand holding the light coloured hand-piece of a telephone to her left ear. There is a large blotter and other sheets of white paper on the desk as well as three thick books standing on the front right hand side of the desk. Behind her to the right is a two drawer filing cabinets and above this is a large board with charts running down it. On the left hand side of the photograph a low table with papers stacked on it. Above this, attached to the wall, is a rectangular board with horizontal and vertical rows marked out and some white cards on it. On the far right of the photograph, part of a wall and open Venetian blinds over a window can be seen.Photographer stamp and Quote No. DR 2royal district nursing service, rdns, rdns education, ora wright,

The equipment items in this photograph are loaned out to Royal District Nursing Service (RDNS) patient's to use in their homes. They are returned to RDNS and sterilized, or cleaned with disinfectant, whichever is appropriate, once they are no longer required. The material items are given to patient's as required. Many of these items are made and donated by RDNS Auxiliary members. From its inception in 1885, the two Trained nurses (Nurses) of the Melbourne District Nursing Society (MDNS) worked in the now CBD, ie from Spencer Street to Spring Street and from Victoria Parade to Flinders Street. At that time they walked the streets and lane ways amid the slums of inner Melbourne carrying their nursing bags containing lotion, ointments, powders, liniment, bandages, dressings, a case of spirits, and the Nurse's own clean apron, soap and small towel. They supplied equipment on loan, such as earthenware hot water bottles, splints, urinals, bed pans, bed cradles, feeding mugs, and air-cushions as well as providing blankets and clean bed linen, and nightdresses and clothes as necessary. The Society was at the forefront of health care and continued to liaise with Doctors as the Society expanded. The Nurses provided high quality nursing care to a range of people, often in destitute situations, some lying on rags on the floor as they had no bed, others with just a bed and maybe a thin blanket, a chair and nothing else. Their ages ranged from babes, children, adults to the elderly. The Nurses gave medications as ordered, dressed wounds e.g. to the injured, and surgical cases, and to those with leg ulcers; attended to patients with ‘surgical ailments’ such as ‘hip disease’; gave care to those with acute illnesses such as bronchitis, pleurisy, pneumonia, measles, and scarlet fever, as well as those with chronic illnesses such as consumption (tuberculosis), heart disease, arthritis, cancer, debility, neuritis and paralysis. They educated their patients, and their Carers, in the curing and prevention of disease; Over the years items were given and equipment was loaned and demonstrated to patients, and if appropriate, to their family members to enable them to care for their loved ones in their homes. The Trained nurses had the rehabilitation of their patients in the forefront of their minds to ensure they were able to live as independently as possible in their own homes. As the years passed the Trained nurses changed from being called 'Nurse' to 'Sister' and the Society changed its name. In the 1970s, now with Royal patronage, and known as Royal District Nursing Service ( RDNS), they contracted a Private and then employed, a Physiotherapist who taught RDNS Sisters the correct transferring techniques, including the use of a hoist when this became available. RDNS Sisters taught and used these techniques in patient’s homes to undertake safe transfer of the patient and to reduce physical strain on RDNS nursing staff and family members. Each RDNS Centre had a room or shed where equipment for loan was kept, and Headquarters also kept additional equipment which could be transported to Centres as required. This black and white photograph shows some of the equipment loaned, along with some to be given, to Royal District Nursing Service (RDNS) patients as required. Rear L-R - a white long nightdress with dark embroidery and buttons on the front and embroidery on the edge of the short sleeves. Next are two wooden bath seats; a square metal commode with lid and with its round legs extended to form handles on the left and right sides. A folded dark and white striped crocheted rug hangs over one of the handles. In the centre L-R, is a metal bed cradle, a metal 4 prong walking stick, bed pans, male urinal, stack of nappies with a white child's knitted jumper hanging over them, and a doona. In the front, L-R is a grey blanket, dark coloured bed socks, a sheepskin with a white smocked baby dress sitting on it, and a white babies nightgown on a clear plastic covered white bundle. A black mat sits under these items and a cream brick wall is in the background. Barry Sutton LS 47royal district nursing service, rdns, rdns equipment, rdns auxiliaries

General use of milk bottles is usually associated with the 20th century , with occasional late 19th century. Initially, milk was delivered in cans stacked upright in a wagon. At each stop, someone, usually the wife of the house, would bring a pitcher or a pail to the wagon, and the milk man would ladle out the desired amount of milk. Needless to say, this practice was hazardous and unhealthy. The New York State Tuberculosis Association condemned the practice of selling “loose milk,” still being conducted in New York City in 1922, as a major cause for the spread of tuberculosis (Glass Container1922:8). It is probable that the delivery of milk in glass containers became universal shortly thereafter Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co Pty Ltd (1903 - 1915) Registered in Victoria in 1903 the company amalgamated with the Waterloo Glass Bottle Works Ltd in 1915 to form Australian Glass Manufacturers Company, Limited. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Spotswood 1872- 1915 The Melbourne Glass Bottle Works (former), comprising a complex of buildings constructed between 1880 and 1940, at Booker Street, Douglas Parade, 2-38 Hudson Road, Raleigh Street and Simcock Avenue, Spotswood. The former glassworks was established in 1890 and originally made bottles for pharmacists Felton Grimwade before it was sold to the State Government by US multinational, OI glass manufacturers Australian Consolidated Industries Ltd was formed in 1939 when Australian Glass Manufacturers Co Ltd changed it's name to reflect diversification into building products. 1982 a new holding company was formed and the company's name was changed to A.C.I. International Ltd. Metric Measure was introduced in Australia 14/2/1966 A clear glass, cream bottle 300ml Around Shoulder : NO DEPOSIT NO RETURN 300ML CREAM Around Base: (makers stamp) M 10116 38 melbourne, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, manufactured glass, milk bottles, dairy farmers, dairies, decimalisation in australia 1966, metric measures, melbourne glass bottle works, spotswood, felton grimwade pty ltd, pharmacists,

The origin of the fusee is not known. Many sources credit clockmaker Jacob Zech of Prague with inventing it around 1525. The earliest dated fusee clock was made by Zech in 1525, but the fusee appeared earlier, with the first spring-driven clocks in the 15th century. The idea probably did not originate with clockmakers, since the earliest known example is in a crossbow windlass shown in a 1405 military manuscript. Drawings from the 15th century by Filippo Brunelleschi and Leonardo da Vinci also show fusee mechanisms. The earliest existing clock with a fusee, also the earliest spring-powered clock, is the Burgunderuhr (Burgundy clock), a chamber clock whose iconography suggests that it was made for Phillipe the Good, Duke of Burgundy about 1430. Springs were first employed to power clocks in the 15th century, to make them smaller and portable.[1][5] These early spring-driven clocks were much less accurate than weight-driven clocks. Unlike a weight on a cord, which exerts a constant force to turn the clock's wheels, the force a spring exerts diminishes as the spring unwinds. The primitive verge and foliot timekeeping mechanism, used in all early clocks, was sensitive to changes in drive force. So early spring-driven clocks slowed down over their running period as the mainspring unwound. This problem is called lack of isochronism. Two solutions to this problem appeared with the first spring-driven clocks; the stack freed and the fusee. The stack freed, a crude cam compensator, added a lot of friction and was abandoned after less than a century. The fusee was a much more lasting idea. As the movement ran, the tapering shape of the fusee pulley continuously changed the mechanical advantage of the pull from the mainspring, compensating for the diminishing spring force. Clockmakers empirically discovered the correct shape for the fusee, which is not a simple cone but a hyperboloid. The first fusees were long and slender, but later ones have a squatter compact shape. Fusees became the standard method of getting constant force from a mainspring, used in most spring-wound clocks, and watches when they appeared in the 17th century. Around 1726 John Harrison added the maintaining power spring to the fusee to keep marine chronometers running during winding, and this was generally adopted. The fusee was a good mainspring compensator, but it was also expensive, difficult to adjust, and had other disadvantages: It was bulky and tall and made pocket watches unfashionably thick. If the mainspring broke and had to be replaced, a frequent occurrence with early mainsprings, the fusee had to be readjusted to the new spring. If the fusee chain broke, the force of the mainspring sent the end whipping about the inside of the clock, causing damage. The invention of the pendulum and the balance spring in the mid-17th century made clocks and watches much more isochronous, by making the timekeeping element a harmonic oscillator, with a natural "beat" resistant to change. The pendulum clock with an anchor escapement, invented in 1670, was sufficiently independent of drive force so that only a few had fusees. In pocketwatches, the verge escapement, which required a fusee, was gradually replaced by escapements which were less sensitive to changes in mainspring force: the cylinder and later the lever escapement. In 1760, Jean-Antoine Lépine dispensed with the fusee, inventing a going barrel to power the watch gear train directly. This contained a very long mainspring, of which only a few turns were used to power the watch. Accordingly, only a part of the mainspring's 'torque curve' was used, where the torque was approximately constant. In the 1780s, pursuing thinner watches, French watchmakers adopted the going barrel with the cylinder escapement. By 1850, the Swiss and American watchmaking industries employed the going barrel exclusively, aided by new methods of adjusting the balance spring so that it was isochronous. England continued to make the bulkier full plate fusee watches until about 1900. They were inexpensive models sold to the lower classes and were derisively called "turnips". After this, the only remaining use for the fusee was in marine chronometers, where the highest precision was needed, and bulk was less of a disadvantage until they became obsolete in the 1970s. Item is an example of clock mechanisms used until 1910 for many different styles of clocks and went out of fashion in the 1970s due to improvements in clock and watch making.Brass fusse clock movement, It has very heavy brass plates and wheels, high-count machined pinions, and a fusee. The mounting of the pendulum is missing and It has a recoil escapement. A fusee is a conical pulley driven through a chain by the spring barrel. As the spring runs down, the chain acts at a larger and larger radius on the conical pulley, equalising the driving torque. This keeps the rate of the clock more even over the whole run. It has motion work to drive an hour hand as well as a minute hand and the centre arbor is extended behind the back plate to drive some other mechanism.Inscription scratched on back"AM 40" flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, clock mechanism, fusee mechanism, horology

15 min black and white 16 mm film, no sound. Begins with shots of trees in the bush and piles of cut logs beside a track before moving to a group of men standing by a car with 'Operation Firewood' on the boot. A road sign indicates 'Nathalia 6 1/2', 'Numurkah 22', 'Picola 3'. 'Katunga' and 'Barmah'. Shots of an empty Austin flat bed truck with 'Legacy Operation Firewood', poster on the drivers door covering the truck company name,and other empty flat bed trucks parked along a country town street which looks unsealed. A shot of a wooden sign saying 'Euroa Please slow down' follows with the Legacy car travelling very slowly past it before we see a large group of men throwing up logs onto a nearly fully loaded truck, and then a partially loaded truck with men on the flat bed stacking the logs. Five trucks are shown fully loaded and a crowd of men are gathered around a table. A circular saw (with no safety guards!) is being used to cut the bigger logs into a manageable size for splitting before being loaded by a lot of men of varying ages. The film then moves to the city where we see three men riding on the back of a moving fully loaded truck, before it stops to deliver the cut but unsplit logs to a delighted widow and her children. The logs are hurled into her front garden as a well dressed man photographs the proceedings. Other deliveries follow to further widows, but it is not clear who is going to split the logs, some of which are extremely large. The film ends showing a line of empty trucks, and a fenced city area with a sign saying 'Melbourne Legacy Firewood' holding further a supply of logs. 15 mins 07 sec. Legatees delivered firewood annually until 1995 to widows to help them through the winters in a project called 'Operation Firewood' . See also Cat. No. 000848.A record of Legacy helping widows with supplying and stacking firewood. When open fires were the main source of heating a load of firewood, and help moving it, would have been very important to the widows.Metal Kodak film cannister, silver coloured, with 'Firewood' label on outer casing.No inscriptions on internal film. operation firewood, widows

According to Lloyd's Shipping Register 1837-1839, the CHILDREN was built in 1825 at Liverpool and operated by owners Gordon & Co, of London. London registered number 123/1837. James Henty then bought her in 1837 as a three-masted barque of 254 tons, with a hull of “part pitch pine, felt sheathed” and “coppered 1837”. Launceston registered number 6/1837. In 1838 the CHILDREN, under her master Captain H. Browne, completed a successful round trip from Launceston to London (carrying wool and whale oil loaded in Portland), returning in late November of that year (carrying a general cargo including the house bricks). On the 11th January 1839, the CHILDREN sailed from Launceston for Adelaide, with 24 passengers, 14 crew, and an awkward mixed cargo, including 1500 sheep, 8 bullocks, 7 horses, and farming implements, and six whaleboats with associated whaling gear. One account states that when the CHILDREN “put out from port she was light and badly ballasted”. The vessel immediately encountered four days of hurricane force storms, eventually clearing on the early morning of the 14th to “west force 10”, but too late to take accurate measurements of the sun or stars to establish their position relative to the coast. The CHILDREN collided with a limestone stack at the entrance of Childers Cove, and the seas smashed her into pieces within half an hour. All the cargo and 16 lives were lost (including 8 children). The Henty’s contributed £150 towards a fund for the 22 survivors at a memorial service held in Launceston later that year. It was a major financial setback for the Henty’s, but one from which they recovered. In a submission to the Governor of New South Wales dated 24 March 1840, the Henty’s summarised their work over the previous six years of settlement: “Six stations have been occupied, one at Portland Bay…three at the open country about 60 miles inland called ‘Merino Downs’…They have erected two houses at Portland Bay and two others at Merino Downs”. The shipwreck of the CHILDREN is of State significance ― Victorian Heritage Register S116Part of terracotta bowl from the wreck of the Children, 2 segments have been glued together.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, children

According to Lloyds Shipping Register 1837-1839, the CHILDREN was built in 1825 at Liverpool and operated by owners Gordon & Co, of London. London registered number 123/1837. James Henty then bought her in 1837 as a three-masted barque of 254 tons, with a hull of “part pitch pine, felt sheathed” and “coppered 1837”. Launceston registered number 6/1837. In 1838 the CHILDREN, under her master Captain H. Browne, completed a successful round trip from Launceston to London (carrying wool and whale oil loaded in Portland), returning in late November of that year (carrying a general cargo including the house bricks). On the 11th January 1839, the CHILDREN sailed from Launceston for Adelaide, with 24 passengers, 14 crew, and an awkward mixed cargo, including 1500 sheep, 8 bullocks, 7 horses, and farming implements, and six whaleboats with associated whaling gear. One account states that when the CHILDREN “put out from port she was light and badly ballasted”. The vessel immediately encountered four days of hurricane force storms, eventually clearing on the early morning of the 14th to “west force 10”, but too late to take accurate measurements of the sun or stars to establish their position relative to the coast. The CHILDREN collided with a limestone stack at the entrance of Childers Cove, and the seas smashed her into pieces within half an hour. All the cargo and 16 lives were lost (including 8 children). The Hentys contributed £150 towards a fund for the 22 survivors at a memorial service held in Launceston later that year. It was a major financial setback for the Henty’s, but one from which they recovered. In a submission to the Governor of New South Wales dated 24 March 1840, the Henty’s summarised their work over the previous six years of settlement: “Six stations have been occupied, one at Portland Bay…three at the open country about 60 miles inland called ‘Merino Downs’…They have erected two houses at Portland Bay and two others at Merino Downs”. The shipwreck of the CHILDREN is of State significance ― Victorian Heritage Register S116Fired brick from the wreck of the Children, flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, children

‘The Fading Dream of Australian Home Ownership’ was made by Judy Turner in 1989 for her son Nicholas (then 14 years) after a family discussion about mortgages and rising interest rates (17% at the time), out of concern for his generation. “Perhaps this will keep my son warm when he can’t afford a house”, wrote Judy at the time. As a quilting teacher for over thirty years, Judy was well aware of the ‘wagga’ tradition of making do with what you have and reusing resources to make something useful. The quilt was made using approximately 270 different men’s woollen suiting samples. The fabrics in the quilt were a gift from Micheal Haze who was a travelling men’s ware salesman and friend of the artist’s late husband. The suiting samples were used just as they were, without cutting, and are stacked liked house bricks. The pieces have been machine pieced and tied. The quilt has woollen backing, with no batting. Judy’s son Nicholas, always interested in drawing, and keen to see what his mother was making, helped with the drawing and design of the house. The quilt has been exhibited in Canberra, Armidale and Sydney and featured in publications in Australian and Japan. Judy’s work has been exhibited Nationally and Internationally, including in Japan, Korea, Germany, Switzerland and the United States of America. Judy’s work has featured extensively in publications around the world, and has received many awards. Her work is held in public and private collections across Australia and the USA. As well as a successful career as an artist, Judy spent three decades imparting skills to the next generation as a patient and skilled teacher. ARTIST STATEMENT The medium of my artistic practice is quilt making and my focus is the use of colour and speedy, accurate and efficient methods of making successful quilts. In 1995 I developed an original technique of applying woollen yarn to a woollen background, focusing on the subtle blending of colour to express an idea. Author of Awash With Colour (1997) and co-author with Margaret Rolfe of Successful Scrap Quilts (2002).Folio page depicting three items attached to a black card background. One item is a title written in black ink on white background, another is a photograph of a quilt, the third shows a hand drawn sketch of a house with a verandah.Front: [handwritten] 95 / Judy Turner / The fading dream of / Australian Home Ownership. / Initial sketch while / deciding how to depict / the Fading Dream of / Australian Home Ownership.quilt, wagga, home, house, housing affordability, design

‘The Fading Dream of Australian Home Ownership’ was made by Judy Turner in 1989 for her son Nicholas (then 14 years) after a family discussion about mortgages and rising interest rates (17% at the time), out of concern for his generation. “Perhaps this will keep my son warm when he can’t afford a house”, wrote Judy at the time. As a quilting teacher for over thirty years, Judy was well aware of the ‘wagga’ tradition of making do with what you have and reusing resources to make something useful. The quilt was made using approximately 270 different men’s woollen suiting samples. The fabrics in the quilt were a gift from Micheal Haze who was a travelling men’s ware salesman and friend of the artist’s late husband. The suiting samples were used just as they were, without cutting, and are stacked liked house bricks. The pieces have been machine pieced and tied. The quilt has woollen backing, with no batting. Judy’s son Nicholas, always interested in drawing, and keen to see what his mother was making, helped with the drawing and design of the house. The quilt has been exhibited in Canberra, Armidale and Sydney and featured in publications in Australian and Japan. Judy’s work has been exhibited Nationally and Internationally, including in Japan, Korea, Germany, Switzerland and the United States of America. Judy’s work has featured extensively in publications around the world, and has received many awards. Her work is held in public and private collections across Australia and the USA. As well as a successful career as an artist, Judy spent three decades imparting skills to the next generation as a patient and skilled teacher. ARTIST STATEMENT The medium of my artistic practice is quilt making and my focus is the use of colour and speedy, accurate and efficient methods of making successful quilts. In 1995 I developed an original technique of applying woollen yarn to a woollen background, focusing on the subtle blending of colour to express an idea. Author of Awash With Colour (1997) and co-author with Margaret Rolfe of Successful Scrap Quilts (2002).Quilt featuring block pieces in tones of grey, blue, tan and brown, graduating in light to dark tones from top to bottom. The top third features a house with a verandah.quilt, wagga, home, house, housing affordability, design

‘The Fading Dream of Australian Home Ownership’ was made by Judy Turner in 1989 for her son Nicholas (then 14 years) after a family discussion about mortgages and rising interest rates (17% at the time), out of concern for his generation. “Perhaps this will keep my son warm when he can’t afford a house”, wrote Judy at the time. As a quilting teacher for over thirty years, Judy was well aware of the ‘wagga’ tradition of making do with what you have and reusing resources to make something useful. The quilt was made using approximately 270 different men’s woollen suiting samples. The fabrics in the quilt were a gift from Micheal Haze who was a travelling men’s ware salesman and friend of the artist’s late husband. The suiting samples were used just as they were, without cutting, and are stacked liked house bricks. The pieces have been machine pieced and tied. The quilt has woollen backing, with no batting. Judy’s son Nicholas, always interested in drawing, and keen to see what his mother was making, helped with the drawing and design of the house. The quilt has been exhibited in Canberra, Armidale and Sydney and featured in publications in Australian and Japan. Judy’s work has been exhibited Nationally and Internationally, including in Japan, Korea, Germany, Switzerland and the United States of America. Judy’s work has featured extensively in publications around the world, and has received many awards. Her work is held in public and private collections across Australia and the USA. As well as a successful career as an artist, Judy spent three decades imparting skills to the next generation as a patient and skilled teacher. ARTIST STATEMENT The medium of my artistic practice is quilt making and my focus is the use of colour and speedy, accurate and efficient methods of making successful quilts. In 1995 I developed an original technique of applying woollen yarn to a woollen background, focusing on the subtle blending of colour to express an idea. Author of Awash With Colour (1997) and co-author with Margaret Rolfe of Successful Scrap Quilts (2002).Folio page depicting three items attached to a black card background. One item is a red, blue, black and white textile sample, another is a hand drawn sketch of a house, the third shows hand written text on lined paper in black ink.Front: [handwritten] Final / design / for housequilt, wagga, home, house, housing affordability, design

‘The Fading Dream of Australian Home Ownership’ was made by Judy Turner in 1989 for her son Nicholas (then 14 years) after a family discussion about mortgages and rising interest rates (17% at the time), out of concern for his generation. “Perhaps this will keep my son warm when he can’t afford a house”, wrote Judy at the time. As a quilting teacher for over thirty years, Judy was well aware of the ‘wagga’ tradition of making do with what you have and reusing resources to make something useful. The quilt was made using approximately 270 different men’s woollen suiting samples. The fabrics in the quilt were a gift from Micheal Haze who was a travelling men’s ware salesman and friend of the artist’s late husband. The suiting samples were used just as they were, without cutting, and are stacked liked house bricks. The pieces have been machine pieced and tied. The quilt has woollen backing, with no batting. Judy’s son Nicholas, always interested in drawing, and keen to see what his mother was making, helped with the drawing and design of the house. The quilt has been exhibited in Canberra, Armidale and Sydney and featured in publications in Australian and Japan. Judy’s work has been exhibited Nationally and Internationally, including in Japan, Korea, Germany, Switzerland and the United States of America. Judy’s work has featured extensively in publications around the world, and has received many awards. Her work is held in public and private collections across Australia and the USA. As well as a successful career as an artist, Judy spent three decades imparting skills to the next generation as a patient and skilled teacher. ARTIST STATEMENT The medium of my artistic practice is quilt making and my focus is the use of colour and speedy, accurate and efficient methods of making successful quilts. In 1995 I developed an original technique of applying woollen yarn to a woollen background, focusing on the subtle blending of colour to express an idea. Author of Awash With Colour (1997) and co-author with Margaret Rolfe of Successful Scrap Quilts (2002).Two typed letters held together with a staple. The first letter has a grey printed letter head which includes a logo of a person with wings holding a heart.[printed] PATCHWORK QUILT TSUSHINquilt, wagga, home, house, housing affordability, design

Contract, 2 page handwritten, dated 9 March 1895, Written on front Christmas Reef GML Contract for driving 50 feet east @ 152 feet. On inside specification for driving cross-cut for the Christmas Reef Gold Mining Company No Liability ( least no 6486 Sandhurst ) at a depth of 150 feet A numbered list of expectation is given, for example Number 3: ' All Mullock & Co., obtained from the cross-cut shall be brought to the surface and the shaft and cross-cut left perfectly clear on the completion of the contract. Should any quartz be struck it must be brought up and stacked separately or disposed of as the company shall direct On bottom of contract I the undersigned hereby agree to perform the within mentioned work according to ?. Within written specification and to be bound by the terms and conditions therein mentioned for the sum of nine shilling and sixpence per completed foot of driving. Dated this ninth day of March 1895' signed Pat English. Below: My father the above named Pat English having died this morning, I am desirous of completing the above contract and I agree to complete the same according to the within written specification and to be bound by the terms and conditions therein mentioned for the sum of nine shillings and sixpence per completed foot of driving and to clean up the cross-cut to the presend and before starting. Dated this 29th. Day of March, 1895. Signed Patrick English.bendigo, mining, christmas reef gold mining

Ski-Horizon is the official journal of the Federation of Victorian Ski Clubs which began publication in 1949. The were 26 original member clubs which included Albury Ski Club, Bogong Ski Club, Myrtleford Ski Club, Tallangatta and District Ski Club and Wangaratta Ski Club. Two pioneers of Falls Creek, Tom Mitchell, M.L.A., and Martin Romuld were Vice-Presidents of the Federation.This Journal is significant because it documents the early development of skiing in Victoria.The journal features stories and events chronicling developments in Victoria and internationally. Items related to the Falls Creek Area in this issue include:- Page 2 - Fred Griffith, Albury Ski Club's dynamic President should be pleased with the article about his property "Toollanook" in the Leader newspaper and Tom Mitchell celebrated 40 years of skiing with a day spent on the Dargals in the Kosciuszko area. Page 4 - Albury Ski Club appointed a new supervisor, Mr Les Orton formerly catering officer with a British migrant hostel in Sydney. The SEC has also allowed Falls Creek clubs to use timber from the stack at Rocky Valley for firewood. Page 5 - Broadcasting Station 2AY Albury has interviewed some N.E.D.S.A. skiers - Tom Dunlop, Toni St. Elmo, Fred Griffith and Neil Newton. This is a sign of the tremendous interest in skiing in the North East and the publicity it is given. Nissen Ski Tow charges had been set for the season at 8/- per day and 6/- per half day. The novice tow is also ready for a good season. Page 17 - A page of suggested places to ski in Victoria included Bob Hymans' Lodge which was the only commercial concern in the area and the Bogong Ski Club Lodge was available for booking by members of other ski clubs by arrangement with the Secretary. Inside Cover - an advertisement for Fred Griffith's "Toonallook" Romney Stud.fred griffith, bob hymans, tom mitchell, les orton, tom dunlop, toni st. elmo