Large Wooden Rat Trap made from two pieces of Shaped wood that are pinned together solid construction with large metal spring.No visible markings

This badge represents a period in time when a School Carnival was not only a major School activity but also had a community "spirit" attached to it. It represents the balance between the metal (learning) and the physical (body) development of the student body. This balance of the growing student has been in existence for centuries. Although some students excel in the academic side of schooling others balance this through the sporting/physical side of "school life" This balance is mirrored in the overall Australian society. From the late 1990's the highly lucrative "professional" sports have provided a highly monetary incentive for those excelling in the physical side of society.The Mount Beauty High School has not only provided outstanding academics but also sports professionals. It has and is still producing a cross section of outstanding Australian men and women. Although the local environment (rural) has limited opportunities for further scholastical and professional sporting achievements it is a vital facility in the student's development for the ever changing Australian society. This yellow coloured, round "lapel" badge is made from mild steel (tin). It has a safety pin shaped around a hole and running horizontal it can be pressed into a "U" shaped hole for fastening onto any material (blazer or shirt).On the front of the badge (in smaller green coloured print) and following the round shape of the badge is "MOUNT BEAUTY HIGH SCHOOL". In the middle portion of the badge, and in larger print "CARNIVAL". Below this in smaller print again is "21st MARCH 1970"high school education, metal school badges, school sports

This Favag Timer apparatus was a part of the first electronic control system -(1960's), in Victoria), which worked using telephone stepping selectors to convey a change in voltage providing a regulated pulse from the control centre(Mount Beauty) to the remote Power Stations opening and closing (stop/start) of various devices at the Power Station and a return signal confirmed the action taken. Testing of this unit was carried out using a "dummy" device at the remote Power Station so as not to disrupt the power plant's operation. This timer was one of many electrical apparatus connected to the large SEC Victoria Hydro Scheme's electrical power producing generators. These generators are powered by the hydro force of "stored" water at a higher altitude. The establishment of both the NSW and Victorian Hydro Schemes was achieved from the early 1900's to the 1960's. At this point in time the need for additional power sources to quench both an industrial and domestic demand for electricity was purely an economic and not and environmental (carbon reduction) factor. This hydro scheme was instigated by "the Government of the day" as a bold move and was the major force of the World War II refugee and "technical" workforce,inclusion of skilled and unskilled, migration into the Australian environment. Although this mass "invasion" of workers with families was thought of in some circles as intrusive, the expansion of population post war years and its integration into the Australian rural sector, produced the multi- lingual multi-cultural diversity of later years.This Favag Timer was one of the crucial pieces of equipment that made it possible for the Mount Beauty Terminal Station to control the operations of these Power Stations; McKay, Clover, West Kiewa Power Stations and the Dederang Terminal Station.This aluminium and anodised "FAVAG" (pulse) timer is fastened to a base structure which comes with its own metal cover that is fastened by two metal hooks. From the top of these hooks runs a thick leather "carry" strap.The instrument, itself, a small "micro motor" at one end tape feeding spool on the other. Aluminium metal structures offer a preventative barrier against any electronic spikes from static electricity sources. There are two toggle switches to the bottom right hand side and twelve coloured "pin" connection points.There is a sliding access sleeve which exposes a circuit board.with various leads fastened on each side. In front of one of this slide are two "screw in" fuses, spare fuses are in a small envelope taped above. Circuit diagrams are etched white on black background on the top face of the main structure. At the base of the back section is a two pronged input terminal. There is a fine black rubber layer (cushioning) for the mian top cover.On the cover fastened with two rivets "FAVAG" underneath in small print "Fabrique d'appareils electriques S.A." underneathe "NEUCHATEL-SUISSE". on one end is a "STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA" metal label screwed on.The back label has manufacturers' type and model number.sec vic kiewa hydro scheme, alternate energy supplies, alpine population growth

Cardboard white box with decorated coloured flowery sides which curve over the edge to frame the top of the box. Top of the box has a picture of a smart fashionable lady wearing a broad brimmed black hat with a pink rose and seemingly wearing a white fur shawl. Her body is not shown. The inside of the box is divided into 4 equal compartments - 1 across and 3 in a row lengthwise. 15 metal black hairpins are in 3 of the compartments and 2 brown plastic hairpins in the other. Base if the box - "Finest selected / Hairpins. / Black / Made in England hair pins, make-up, personal item, hairdressing, toiletries, bathroom

Historically this item represents women's fashion in the 1920s to 1950s. As the material used in the construction is not of a high monetary value it can be assumed it was a day to day working woman apparel to keep the hat firmly fastened into the hair. It does indicate that fashion of the time was important within the regionThis item is a reflection of both the fashion mode of the 1920s to 1950s when long hair needed to be controlled by hair pins rather than later manufactured hair sprays. It is also an example of society's mores of tidiness and quasi religious beliefs of covering the hair and head when outdoorsThis hat pin is adorned with a flat metal circular head. There are two circles of narrow patterns around the outer edge. The centre is decorated with three shiny black faceted shapes producing a spoke like appearancecostume female head ware accessories, hat pin

This instrument is a folding arm protractor. It is used for measuring angles on the vertical and horizontal planes. The two folding arms have small metal support springs where they are attached to provide support and the other ends have pins with which to mark particular points. A screw mechanism on the rim allows fine tuning of plotting. Chadburn, Brothers were fine instrument makers of Sheffield making optical and nautical instruments during the 19th century. This item was donated by a local resident whose grandfather Carl Spence was a bridge builder who worked on the Warrnambool Breakwater extension c 1919. This item has scientific significance which is possibly linked via the owner to one of Warrnambool's most well known landmarks.Brass, circular instrument with fold out sections which are hinged and a movable section. The circular part is marked in degrees around the circle. Notches on inner rim at 90 degrees intervals. Chadburn ,Brothers Sheffield. Graduated scale measuring 360 degrees.warrnambool, warrnambool breakwater

The Marching girls activity was prominent in the 1960's and 1970's and had participation rate of around 30000. It was a part of activities such as street parades and town celebrations and local shows. However the girls also competed against other clubs . In this case the badges tell the story of competitions around the district to Ararat, Horsham, Ballarat, Beaufort and Warrnambool. These were owned by Lyn Bristol who was a member of the Warrnambool group. Most clubs had teams in various age groups. A tangible link to a local sport and club in the Warrnambool area. With large numbers of girls participating in the sport it has strong social interest .Yellow satin ribbon sewn to make a V shape rounded at the top. There are approximately 60 badges pinned to the ribbon which relate to marching events . They vary from coloured enamel to plain white and yellow metal . Some have bars at the top and they are engraved on the backs of the badges. The engravings list the different categories of marching girls competitions A number of them have the initials L B on them. They relate to the period of the early to mid 1960's.warrnambool, marching girls, marching girls warrnambool

This uniform was worn by Bernie Farley, present secretary of Warrnambool RSL (2019). The uniform was made by Fletcher Jones & Staff, Warrnambool in 1998.Jacket with four pockets each with metal button fasteners. Four front metal button fasteners. One inside pocket . Regimental badges on lapels, Badge over right pocket. Epaulets with metal buttons, a crown and Australia. All metal buttons engraved with army insignia. Front metal button fasteners secured with safety pinsTag inside (left) FLETCHER JONES VICTORIA 1998 Arrow signifying govt. NAME. SERVICE NUMBER. 70% Wool, 30% Polyester, DRY CLEAN ONLY (A) Warm Iron ZC804B AR0003army uniform, military uniform, warrnambool ex service

This jacket is part of a winter mess dress uniform belonging to Bernard Farley during service with the Australian Airforce. Worn in 1978, this jacket style was first developed in the 1950s and continues to be worn as mess uniform in the present day.This item has aesthetic significance and is a representative example of uniform design from the 1950s to present day. This item has clear provenance, having been donated by RSL member and Secretary (2019), Bernard Farley after its use during Bernard’s service in the Airforce. As a former member of the Australian Airforce and member of the Warrnambool ex-service community, Bernard’s uniform has great social significance, telling a broader story of life after service.Dark navy blue dress jacket with long sleeves ending at waist height. Jacket is double breasted with eight metal buttons; two buttons are larger and held on by safety pins. Buttons are gold in colour and marked with a crown and eagle motif. Lapels on jacket are of a lighter, grey-blue. Jacket is adorned with epaulettes on both left and right shoulder, attached with a cotton loop on each shoulder and held in place with a screw-in gold button. Jacket has synthetic lining in cream colour and an interior pocket on the left hand side; lining is detatched on both the left and right sides at the base. Label on interior collar reads “C.G.C.F” Epaulettes bear three lines in gold embroidered stitching and a badge depicting an eagle underneath a crown, also in gold. dress uniform, airforce, commonwealth government clothing factory, uniform, epaulette

metal tweezers, 1 Vincents Powder, 2 safety pins

Each badge made in a different year for Wattle Day fund raising and War Chest day fund raising.Box of 12 badges 10 wattle day League 1 War Chest Day 1 metal shield M on K No. 29811 on back. Various sizes each with fastening pin for lapel All in Plastic box

R .Sharp was a well known Ringwood resident and orchardist.Blue and gold metal medal hung from a ribbon of blue with white stripes. Medal fastened by a gold safety pin on the top edge.Presented to Brother R. Sharp for services rendered to the Loyal Ringwood lodge, Manchester Unity, Independent Oddfellows.

A bobby pin (also known as a kirby grip or hair grip in the United Kingdom) is a type of hairpin, usually of metal or plastic, used in coiffure to hold hair in place. It is a small double-pronged hair pin or clip that slides into hair with the prongs open and then the flexible prongs close over the hair to hold it in place. They are typically plain and unobtrusively colored, but some are elaborately decorated or jeweled. Bobby pins became popular in the 1920s to hold the new bobbed hairstyles. (ref. Wikipedia). These items were owned by Marjorie Burton. Marjorie Burton ( nee Whiteman), born 12 June, in Birmingham, England came to Orbost in 1995. In England she did office work – typing, shorthand and secretarial work - in accountants’ offices and also trained as a comptometrist with Burroughs in London. She came from a middle-class, working, church-going family. Her mother was a milliner who mademost of Marjorie’s clothes, hats and outfits. Marjorie married in 1938 to a salesman who later became a mechanic in the R.A.F. during WW11 These items are examples of women's hair accessories commonly used in the mid 20th century.Two packets of hair clips and one unused packet of henna shampoo. 2483.51 is a a set of 17 bobby pins on paper. On the back of the card are directions for a Steiner hair style. 2483.52 is a pack of 3 Dinkie silver metal clips for hair styling on a card. 2483.53 is an unopened sachet of powdered Henna shampoo. It is white with black text and green pictures.2483.51 - Kirbigrip 6d made in England Kirby Beard & Co 2483.52 - Made in England 2483.53 - Societe Francaise de Henne, Paris "Perfect -a -wave"hair-accessories bobby-pins shampoo kirbigrips burton-marjorie

Biscuit dough was put into the forcer/case/cylinder and the wooden pin pressed down to force dough out as a shaped biscuit. This would have been used in use in an Orbost home in the mid 20th century.This item is representative of kitchen utensils in common use in working class kitchens in 20th century prior to the common availability of packaged biscuits.Biscuit paste forcer made up of a metal barrel with a ring for hanging at top and a wooden plunger with a knob handle on top. This is shaped like a rolling pin. Biscuit mix is forced through the end of the tube to create fancy-looking biscuits.domestic kitchen food-technology biscuit- forcer baking appliances

Awarded to: School Children of the Commonwealth of Australia Other Details: Of the commemorative medals issued to mark the end of the First World War, the most common was the so-called 'Peace' or 'Victory' medal issued to every child in Australia aged 0-14 years (and aged up to 16 if parents were in the armed forces). The medal was designed by Charles Douglas Richardson, better known for his work as a sculptor. Time constraints as well as pressure from the production of other victory medals meant that no single manufacturer could make the 1,670,000 medals. Six were therefore selected: Amor, Stokes, Schlank, Parkes, Angus & Coote (who later withdrew) and Platers. The medals were silvered bronze, with silver issues for special presentations. The Defence Department supplied a red, white and blue striped ribbon and pin. Distribution began in March 1919. Victorian school children received their medals on Friday 18 July and on 'Peace Day' on Saturday 19 July.To commemorate the end of World War 1.Round white metal medals issued to mark the end of WW1. On the front "PEACE 1919", and on the reverse, "VICTORY", middle of the medal "THE TRIUMPH OF LIBERTY AND JUSTICE". on the bottom "THE PEACE OF 1919". With a plain edge.Peace with two flying doves on pedestal inscribed, PEACE / 1919 below AUSTRALIA; figure in chains on left and another entangled in bush to right (obverse) Australian sailor and soldier support wreath; above, VICTORY; within, THE / TRIUMPH / OF / LIBERTY / AND / JUSTICE; below on plaque, THE PEACE OF 1919(reverse)world war 1, peace, victory medal australia

This cigarette case belonged to Allan Orr of Addington. In later years Mrs Doris Orr used the tin to store hair roller pins. The cigarette case was donated to the museum by their daughter.This cigarette case is useful as an example of smoking accessories during a time when smoking was common practice.Silver chromed metal rectangular tin with a hinged lid and raised lip at the front for opening the tin.Star (on either side of opening lip)allansford, tobacco, smoking accessories, orr, allan

During the years 1869-1935 there were well over 250 registered bamboo furniture producers in Britain. The earliest recorded firm was Hubert Bill of 14 Little Camden St, London N.W., who claimed to have been established in (1869) while Daniel Jacobs & Sons of Hackney Road, London, were still in business in 1915, after 45 years of production. Design, quality, price and methods of construction were fairly consistent throughout the whole period, but it was the imaginative and often eccentric choice of subject matter that marked differentiation between the various firms. While most produced standard tables, stands and fire-screens, the more adventurous offered for sale items such as corner shelve units, charcoal barbecue grills and musical tea tables. Shelves were often covered with embossed leather paper designs, at first imported from Japan and then later produced in England. Some firms incorporated the knobbly roots of the bamboo stems into their designs, generally to form feet. Occasionally handles to drawers and cupboards were made with these roots although they were more commonly carved as imitations. Handles were mostly of cheap metal or brass. The ends of the bamboo canes were capped with stamped metal or turned bone, ivory or wooden discs. Methods of construction fell into three categories. First and most common is that of pegging. Bamboo stems being hollow, thick dowels can easily be glued into the joints. Some firms farmed out this work of `plugging' the ends of the canes to part-time workers at home. The second method, that of pinning, was far less satisfactory as bamboo tends to split lengthwise and therefore the jointed pieces eventually disintegrated. The most efficient method was that patented in 1888 (patent No 2383) by the firm of W. F. Needham in Birmingham. It consisted of metal shoes and covers for all joints which were made by wrapping a metal strip around the stems and soldering the overlapping ends. Some joints were further strengthened by a small pin or screw. Needham was by far the largest and most successful manufacturer and their individual and superior method of construction undoubtedly gained them their reputation. A. Englander & Searle of 34 Gt Eastern St and 31 Mare St, Hackney, London, were a firm particularly concerned with methods of construction. Although they seem to have entered the bamboo furniture market at a comparatively late date, about 1898, they produced inexpensive' bamboo, aimed particularly at the export trade. Stating in their catalogue that bamboo furniture “can be exported in one piece or it can be exported in pieces and put together again. The fixing up is much facilitated by a system of marking and numbering. Further, no glue is required for putting together as the screw system only is applied”. This method of construction best fits the Etagere and this item in the flagstaff collection and it is believed to have been made by A Englander & Searle, exported in a knock down form to Australia, purchased in kit form from a dealer here and put together by the purchaser. The bamboo plant stand is a significant item as it highlight furniture fashion of the late Victorian era. This item was highly sort after in its time and although mass produced, not many examples remain because the item is so fragile so this example is a valuable addition to the Flagstaff collection. It is believed,the construction method used is by a notable and respected maker in England of bamboo furniture that was aimed specifically at the export market and probably came to Australia in kit form to be assembled by the purchaser.Bamboo plant stand with octagonal top edged with tortoise shell bamboo the top is of wood and supported by four tortoise shell bamboo legs joined at the base by a square cane covered shelf. The tortoise shell appearance is brown lacquer. Item is part of the Giles Collection. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, shipwreck coast, furniture, plant stand, bamboo furniture, etagere, victorian furniture, simulated bamboo, tortise shell, a englander & searle, domestic furniture, giles collection, henry giles, cooramook, mailor’s flat, wangoom, 19th century household goods

This Kenter type , chain joining link or shackle would commonly be used with anchor chain in the marine industry for applications such as anchors, moorings and ballast. It is a versatile link that can be opened and closed by removing and re-inserting the taper pin and lead plug, allowing for easy joining and detaching lengths of chain, and for repairing damaged links in chain.Chain joining shackle or joining link, Kenter type , used as a marine anchor chain link. The oval shaped loop of thick metal and central metal chock comprises three pieces; two half oval pieces with shaped ends. The pieces are joined by a taper pin diagonally through holes in each piece, then fixed firmly by a lead plug in a hole near the head of the pin. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shackle, chain joining shackle, joining link, anchor chain joining link, marine chain joining link, kenter type chain joining link, marine hardware

A marlinspike is a tool used in marine rope work it is shaped in the form of a polished metal cone tapered to a rounded or flattened point, it is used in such tasks as unlaying rope for splicing or untying knots. For drawing a marline tight and using a marlinspike hitch as well as for joining toggle ropes under tension in a belaying pin splice. Most marlin spikes are 15–30 cm long, but may reach 61 cm and more for working heavy cables and ropes. They are usually made from iron or steel, whereas fids, similar in shape and function, are formed from wood or bone. The marlinspike may be a separate tool or as an item on a pocket knife. Sailors who become proficient at knot tying, splicing, and sewing using the marlinspike are said to have mastered marlinespike seamanship, earning them the right to be known as marlin spikes or marlinspike seamen.A tool still very much in use today wherever a rope or cable requires joining, splicing etc the marlin spike tool design has not changed since first invented centuries ago as a sailors tool to splice and make repairs to ropes and cables on board a ship. This item gives a snapshot into the life sailors have on board sailing vessels past and present. Marlin Spike made of solid steel. Handle is bulbous and spike end is rounded.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, marlin spike

A marking gauge, also known as a scratch gauge, is used in woodworking and metalworking to mark out lines for cutting or other operations. The purpose of the gauge is to scribe a line parallel to a reference edge or surface. It is used in joinery and sheet metal work operations. The gauge consists of a beam, a headstock, and a scribing or marking implement, typically a pin, knife, pen or wheel. The headstock slides along the beam and is locked in place by various means: a locking screw, cam lever, or a wedge. The marking implement is fixed to one end of the beam. These types of gauges have been in use for many centuries and have not changed much in their design.An item that has not changed in use since its inception many hundreds of years ago. These types of marking gauges used by cabinet and joinery makers to mark or scribe their work for cutting are still produced and used today in many sizes by professional cabinet makers and individuals.Cabinet makers marking gauge, wooden, two adjustable staffs secured be a wedge through the block. Each staff has a metal nail in the end.Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

This music stand set of shelves is one of many 19th century items of furniture, linen and crockery donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by, Vera and Aurelin Giles. The items are associated with the Giles Family and are known as the “Giles Collection”. Many of the items of furniture, linen and crockery in the Lighthouse Keeper’s Cottage were donated by Vera and Aurelin Giles and mostly came from the simple home of Vera’s parents-in-law, Henry Giles and his wife Mary Jane (nee Freckleton) whose photos are in the parlour. They married in 1880. Henry, born at Tower Hill in 1858, was a labourer on the construction of the Breakwater before leaving in 1895 to build bridges in N.S.W. for about seven years. Mary Jane was born in 1860 at Cooramook. She attended Mailor’s Flat State School where she was also a student teacher before, as family legend has it, she became a governess at “Injemiara” where her grandfather, Francis Freckleton, once owned land. Henry and Mary’s family of six, some of whom were born at Mailor’s Flat and later children at Wangoom, lived with their parents at Wangoom and Purnim west, where Henry died in 1933 and Mary Jane in 1940. THE SHELVES During the years 1869-1935 there were well over 250 registered bamboo furniture producers in Britain. The earliest recorded firm was Hubert Bill of 14 Little Camden St, London N.W., who claimed to have been established in (1869 the first bamboo furniture maker), while Daniel Jacobs & Sons of Hackney Road, London, were still in business in 1915, after 45 years of production. Design, quality, price and methods of construction were fairly consistent throughout the whole period, but it was the imaginative and often eccentric choice of subject matter that marked the differentiation between the various firms. While most produced standard tables, stands and fire-screens, the more adventurous offered for sale items such as Corner shelve units, charcoal barbecue grills and musical tea tables. Shelves were often covered with embossed leather paper designs, at first imported from Japan and then later produced in England. Some firms incorporated the knobbly roots of the bamboo stems into their designs, generally to form feet. Occasionally handles to drawers and cupboards were made with these roots although they were more commonly carved as imitations. Handles were mostly of cheap metal or brass. The ends of the bamboo canes were capped with stamped metal or turned bone, ivory or wooden discs. Methods of construction fell into three categories. First and most common is that of pegging. Bamboo stems being hollow, thick dowels can easily be glued into the joints. Some firms farmed out this work of `plugging' the ends of the canes to part-time workers at home. The second method, that of pinning, was far less satisfactory as bamboo tends to split lengthwise and therefore the jointed pieces eventually disintegrated. The most efficient method was that patented in 1888 (patent No 2383) by the firm of W. F. Needham in Birmingham. It consisted of metal shoes and covers for all joints which were made by wrapping a metal strip around the stems and soldering the overlapping ends. Some joints were further strengthened by a small pin or screw. Needham was by far the largest and most successful manufacturer and their individual and superior method of construction undoubtedly gained them their reputation. A. Englander & Searle of 34 Gt Eastern St and 31 Mare St, Hackney, London, were a firm particularly concerned with methods of construction. Although they seem to have entered the bamboo furniture market at a comparatively late date, about 1898, they produced inexpensive bamboo, aimed particularly at the export trade. The company stated in their catalogue that bamboo furniture “can be exported in one piece or it can be exported in pieces and put together again. The fixing up is much facilitated by a system of marking and numbering. Further, no glue is required for putting together as the screw system only is applied”. This method of construction best fits the Etagere in the Flagstaff collection and it is believed to have been made by A Englander & Searle, exported in a knock down form to Australia, purchased in kit form from a dealer hear and put together by the owner. The Etagere is a significant item as it highlight furniture fashion of the late Victorian era. This item was highly sort after in its time and although mass produced, not many examples remain, so this example is a valuable addition to the Flagstaff collection. It is believed that the construction method used is by a notable and respected maker of bamboo furniture and that its production was aimed at the export market and probably came to Australia in kit form.Bamboo shelves: decorative free standing Etagere comprising three large shelves and one small shelf. Shelves are made of wood used to store either orange or bacon boxes (as there are no knots in the wood, imported from South America and cheap to recycle). Shelves are covered with embossed leather paper. Frame is made from tortoise shell bamboo (brown lacquer applied to simulate tortoise shell appearance). Ends of bamboo canes are covered with metal shoes and fixed with a pin. Other bamboo joints are fixed with round head steel screws. This item is part of the Giles Collection.Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, bamboo shelves, bamboo etagere, victorian furniture, furniture, bamboo furniture, embossed leather paper, simulated bamboo, tortise shell, a englander & searle, giles collection, henry giles, tower hill, cooramook, warrnambool breakwater, mailor’s flat, wangoom, 19th century furniture

It is no secret that copper is currently experiencing a huge upsurge in popularity. This is mainly thanks to its beautiful colour featuring heavily in the ranges of countless homeware retailers. There is, however, far more to this lustrous metal than just its appearance. For example, it has a greater level of thermal conductivity than any other metal (except silver); roughly 60% higher than aluminium and 3000% higher than stainless steel. This means copper is capable of heating up very quickly when compared to other metals. Perhaps a less commonly known property of copper is it being inherently antimicrobial. A wide range of harmful microbes are unable to survive for more than a couple of hours when in contact with a surface made of copper or one of its alloys (brass and bronze). This has led to it often being used for frequently touched surfaces such as door knobs, push plates and taps. A seemingly perfect material for cooking, it is therefore no surprise that it has been used in kitchens for millennia. But exactly when did we learn to utilise copper and its valuable assets? Origins It is hard to pin down an exact date when copper cookware was first introduced. Pieces discovered in regions of the middle east were dated as far back as 9000BC, suggesting cooking with copper began during the Neolithic period (≈10000-2000BC). As civilisations became increasingly capable in metallurgical techniques, metals such as copper became more widely used. It would have been around this time that copper replaced stone as the material used for making tools and cooking vessels. The use of copper is also well documented in Ancient Egypt. Not only was it used to produce water and oil containers, but it was also used to in medical practices. The antimicrobial nature of copper was exploited long before the concept of microorganisms was fully understood. The Smith Papyrus, a medical text written between 2600 and 2200BC records the use of copper in sterilising wounds and drinking water. Tin Lining Although copper is essential to many processes within the human body, it can become toxic if consumed in excess. It was this knowledge that gave rise to lining cookware with tin, a technique used for hundreds of years to prevent copper leaching in to food. These tin linings would eventually wear out and during the 18th and 19th century, it was common for people to send pans away to be re-tinned. This practice is becoming increasingly rare, as are the craftsmen who perform it. Despite this, there are still manufactures producing tin-lined copper cookware who also offer a re-lining service. Perhaps the best known of these is Mauviel, a French manufacturer who have been making this type of cookware since 1830. Tin has now largely been replaced by stainless steel as an interior cooking surface. Not only is it more cost effective, but the high grade of stainless steel used in premium cookware (typically 18/10) is highly resistant to corrosion and more durable than tin.Copper saucepans are still used in many kitchens.Small copper saucepan with long handle and three ridges around the circumference. Extensive corrosion.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, copper, saucepans, kitchen equipment

1 sheave metal block with hinged suspension arm with locking pin. Block easily disassembled.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, block

1 sheave metal block with external strap and link ring. Block has holes in side. Large bolt through middle with split pin.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, metal block, block

This Legacy donor's badge is one of a set of badges collected by Dr W R Angus from the organisations in which he was involved. The badge was made by A.J. Parkes, an Australia-wide firm that has been making badges for over a century. The $10', embossed on the back dates the badge after February 1966, when Australian money changed to decimal currency. A donation of $10 would be recognised by the gift of this badge. The set of badges is now part of Flagstaff Hill’s comprehensive W.R. Angus Collection, donated by the family of Dr W R Angus, surgeon and oculist. The W.R. Angus Collection: - The W.R. Angus Collection includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) and Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. It includes historical medical and surgical equipment and instruments from the doctors Edward and Thomas Ryan of Nhill, Victoria. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1927 at Ballarat, the nearest big city to Nhill where he began as a Medical Assistant. He was also Acting House surgeon at the Nhill hospital where their two daughters were born. During World War II He served as a Military Doctor in the Australian Defence Forces. Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool in 1939, where Dr Angus operated his own medical practice. He later added the part-time Port Medical Officer responsibility and was the last person appointed to that position. Both Dr Angus and his wife were very involved in the local community, including the planning stages of the new Flagstaff Hill and the layout of the gardens there. Dr Angus passed away in March 1970.This badge is significant for connecting Doctor Angus with organisations that he supported. The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The Collection includes historical medical objects that date back to the late 1800s.Legacy appeal badge; a rectangular, shield-shaped metal and enamel badge, blue enamel on gold, with the Legacy symbol of a flaming torch in the centre. It has a vertical stick pin and inscriptions on the back. Made by A.J. Parks, Australia. The badge was given to donors of $10. This badge is part of a set of badges collected by Dr W R Angus. the set represents organisations that he was involved in, and is part of the W.R. Angus Collection.Embossed:“$10”and “A.J. PARKES” “AUST. WIDE” flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, badge, legacy badge, organisation badge, a.j. parkes, $10, ten dollars, donor's badge, legacy appeal, w.r. angus collection

This Legacy badge is one of a set of badges collected by Dr W R Angus from the organisations in which he was involved. The badge was made by A.J. Parkes of Brisbane, an Australia-wide firm that has been making badges for over a century. The $2' and "£1" (one pound) embossed on the back dates the badge dates the badge to the year 1966 when Australian money was in the process of converting from pounds and pence to decimal currency's dollars and cents. It is interesting to note that the dollar sign "$2" has two vertical lines through the 'S', but the Australian currency sign for a dollar has only one vertical line. The badge may have been produced before the date of decimal conversion, which began on February 14th, 1966. A J Parkes may have ordered the badges before the published use of the dollar symbol. The set of badges is now part of Flagstaff Hill’s comprehensive W.R. Angus Collection, donated by the family of Dr W R Angus, surgeon and oculist. The W.R. Angus Collection: - The W.R. Angus Collection includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) and Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. It includes historical medical and surgical equipment and instruments from the doctors Edward and Thomas Ryan of Nhill, Victoria. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1927 at Ballarat, the nearest big city to Nhill where he began as a Medical Assistant. He was also Acting House surgeon at the Nhill hospital where their two daughters were born. During World War II He served as a Military Doctor in the Australian Defence Forces. Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool in 1939, where Dr Angus operated his own medical practice. He later added the part-time Port Medical Officer responsibility and was the last person appointed to that position. Both Dr Angus and his wife were very involved in the local community, including the planning stages of the new Flagstaff Hill and the layout of the gardens there. Dr Angus passed away in March 1970.This badge is significant for connecting Doctor Angus to organisations that he supported. It is also historically significant for representing Australia's conversion to decimal currency. The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The Collection includes historical medical objects that date back to the late 1800s.Legacy Appeal badge; an oval-shaped metal and enamel badge, white enamel on gold, with the Legacy symbol of a flaming torch in the centre. It has a vertical stick pin and inscriptions on the back. It was made by A.J. Parks, Brisbane. The badge was given to a donor of $2 (£1 or one pound) to Legacy. This badge is part of a set of badges collected by Dr W R Angus. the set represents organisations that he was involved in, and is part of the W.R. Angus Collection.Embossed: "PARIVETTE 77-“ "A J PARKES" "BRISBANE" "£1" (one pound) "$2” (2 dollars) flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, badge, legacy badge, organisation badge, a.j. parkes, donor's badge, £1 badge, $2 badge, 14th february 1966, australian decimal conversion, brisbane, legacy appeal, w.r. angus collection

The badge represents the Victoria Division of the Australian Red Cross Society, which was formed on 21st August 1914 at the outbreak of the First World War. Stokes & Sons of Melbourne made the button. It was made by Stokes & Sons Pty. Ltd. in Melbourne. The maker, Thomas Stokes, migrated to Melbourne from Birmingham in 1854 and set up business in Mincer Lane as a die-sinker, producing medals, tokens, buttons and silverware, and offered an engraving service. He moved to Flinders Lane in 1856. After a time, in 1894, the business became Stokes & Sons Pty. Ltd, electroplates and badge makers at Post Office Place in Melbourne. The maker's mark 'Stokes & Sons' continued to be made on badges up until 1962. This badge is one of a set of badges collected by Dr W R Angus from the organisations in which he was involved. The set of badges is now part of Flagstaff Hill’s comprehensive W.R. Angus Collection, donated by the family of Dr W R Angus, surgeon and oculist. The W.R. Angus Collection: - The W.R. Angus Collection includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) and Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. It includes historical medical and surgical equipment and instruments from the doctors Edward and Thomas Ryan of Nhill, Victoria. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1927 at Ballarat, the nearest big city to Nhill where he began as a Medical Assistant. He was also Acting House surgeon at the Nhill hospital where their two daughters were born. During World War II He served as a Military Doctor in the Australian Defence Forces. Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool in 1939, where Dr Angus operated his own medical practice. He later added the part-time Port Medical Officer responsibility and was the last person appointed to that position. Both Dr Angus and his wife were very involved in the local community, including the planning stages of the new Flagstaff Hill and the layout of the gardens there. Dr Angus passed away in March 1970.This badge is significant for connecting Doctor Angus with organisations that he supported. The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The Collection includes historical medical objects that date back to the late 1800s.Badge; a round metal and enamel badge with a blue band around the perimeter and a silver-edged red cross on a white background in the centre. The badge has a vertical pin on the back. It is the badge of the Victorian Division of the Red Cross Society. the maker was Stokes & Sons of Melbourne. This badge is part of a set of badges collected by Dr W R Angus. the set represents organisations that he was involved in, and is part of the W.R. Angus Collection.Printed within the blue band; “RED CROSS SOCIETY” “VICTORIAN DIVISION” Embossed on the reverse; “STOKES & SONS / MELB” flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, w.r. angus, badge, organisation badge, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, australian red cross, victorian division, charity, volunteer organisation, w.r. angus collection