One of a series of photo-maps produced for the Department of Crown Lands and Survey (1857-1983). For correlation with a current map, and access to other historical photo maps of Victoria, see the Historic Photo-Maps Index published by the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning at https://services.land.vic.gov.au/DELWPmaps/historical-photomaps/Black and white aerial photographVic 2358 Department of Crown Lands and Survey Victoria,.© Melbourne 1970 Project Run 42E 22.1.70 5,100 ASL 77st kilda, st kilda east, st kilda marina, elwood, elwood canal, elsternwick park, point ormond, balaclava, mc moran reserve, ripponlea, st kilda botanical gardens, peanut farm, 1970

One of a series of photo-maps produced for the Department of Crown Lands and Survey (1857-1983). For correlation with a current map, and access to other historical photo maps of Victoria, see the Historic Photo-Maps Index published by the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning at https://services.land.vic.gov.au/DELWPmaps/historical-photomaps/Black and white aerial photographVic 2358 Department of Crown Lands and Survey Victoria,.© Melbourne 1970 Project Run 43E 22.1.70 5,100 ASL 208elwood, elwood beach, point ormond, elwood park, elwood canal, mc moran reserve, 1970

One of a series of photo-maps produced for the Department of Crown Lands and Survey (1857-1983). For correlation with a current map, and access to other historical photo maps of Victoria, see the Historic Photo-Maps Index published by the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning at https://services.land.vic.gov.au/DELWPmaps/historical-photomaps/Black and white aerial photographCONTROLLED Vic 2358 Department of Crown Lands and Survey Victoria,.© Melbourne 1970 Project Run 41E 22.1.70 5,100 ASL 66st kilda, albert park, st kilda west, catani gardens, st kilda botanical gardens, st kilda pier, st kilda beach, 1970

One of a series of photo-maps produced for the Department of Crown Lands and Survey (1857-1983). For correlation with a current map, and access to other historical photo maps of Victoria, see the Historic Photo-Maps Index published by the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning at https://services.land.vic.gov.au/DELWPmaps/historical-photomaps/Black and white aerial photographVic 2358 Department of Crown Lands and Survey Victoria,.© Melbourne 1970 Project Run 42E 22.1.70 5,100 ASL 75st kilda, st kilda beach, st kilda marina, point ormond, st kilda pier, 1970

One of a series of photo-maps produced for the Department of Crown Lands and Survey (1857-1983). For correlation with a current map, and access to other historical photo maps of Victoria, see the Historic Photo-Maps Index published by the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning at https://services.land.vic.gov.au/DELWPmaps/historical-photomaps/Black and white aerial photographVic 1807 Melbourne 1963 Project Run 16 14.12.1963 Lens 205 152.70 M/M 5.150 177st kilda, st kilda pier, catani gardens, middle park, albert park, st kilda west, st kilda beach, 1963

One of a series of photo-maps produced for the Department of Crown Lands and Survey (1857-1983). For correlation with a current map, and access to other historical photo maps of Victoria, see the Historic Photo-Maps Index published by the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning at https://services.land.vic.gov.au/DELWPmaps/historical-photomaps/Black and white aerial photographVic 2358 Department of Crown Lands and Survey Victoria,.© Melbourne 1970 Project Run 41E 22.1.70 5,100 ASL 64st kilda, st kilda cemetery, balaclava, st kilda east, windsor, caulfield north, alma park, 1970

One of a series of photo-maps produced for the Department of Crown Lands and Survey (1857-1983). For correlation with a current map, and access to other historical photo maps of Victoria, see the Historic Photo-Maps Index published by the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning at https://services.land.vic.gov.au/DELWPmaps/historical-photomaps/Black and white arial photographVic 2345 Department of Crown Lands and Survey Victoria,.© Melbourne 1970 Project Run 40 8.1.70 5,100 ASL 77albert park, fawkner park, south yarra, middle park, prahran, windsor, st kilda, st kilda west, 1970

One of a series of photo-maps produced for the Department of Crown Lands and Survey (1857-1983). For correlation with a current map, and access to other historical photo maps of Victoria, see the Historic Photo-Maps Index published by the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning at https://services.land.vic.gov.au/DELWPmaps/historical-photomaps/Black and white aerial photographVic 2358 Department of Crown Lands and Survey Victoria,.© Melbourne 1970 Project Run 43E 22.1.70 5,100 ASL 206elwood, elsternwick, elsternwick park, 1970

January, 2011. Floodwaters entering Lake Bolac through the Fiery Creek inlet. This shows the accumulation of water behind the barrier dunes and the strength of the flood entering the lake through the narrow debouchment. The aboriginal midden can clearly be seen in the front left to centre of the photograph. Photograph courtesy James Davidson.lake bolac, fiery creek, 2011 flood, midden

The Dive, in Elgar Road Park was formed when water seeped into the hole from which clay had been quarried for brick-making. In 1905 the Surrey Swimming Club was formed and carnivals were held regularly. This was the venue for training Olympic swimmers prior to the Council constructing an Olympic sized pool.Black and white photo with a grassy foreground beyond which the apex of the roof only of the clubhouse is visible. Beyond this the far bank of the Surrey Dive can be seen with fencing along its perimeter.surrey dive, swimming, sports and recreation, quarries, box hill brick works, elgar road park, surrey swimming club

Thor Lobell won the Bendigo Pacing Cup on the 10 January 1984, followed by The Guest of Honour and Lassken. Thor Lobell owned by TM Hogan, KF Grivec, G Pardo & S Dove, was trained by RV Knight and driven by SD Dove. Thor Lobell raced from 1980 (2yo) through to 1988 (10yo). Career: 36 wins 17 seconds 16 thirds 114 starts.Three colour photographs, two small one large in a brown frame. At the top: Bendigo Harness Racing 10-1-84/ Pacing Cup At the bottom: Left corner: Distance 2300 metres/ Mile rate 2.03-3/5 / Greg Matthews Photo - Stawell Centre: Thor Lobell (Encore Lobell - Coral Thor) / The Guest of Honour 2nd / Lassken 3rd Right corner: Owned by- TM Hogan, KF Grivec, G Pardo & S Dove/ Trained by RV Knight/ Driven by - SD Dovebendigo harness racing club, horses, race, winner, bendigo trotting club, pacing cup, driver, trainer, owner, thor lobell, 1984, rv knight, sd dove, tm hogan, kf grivec, g pardo, s dove, the guest of honour, lassken, bob knight, vj knight, vin knight, stephen dove

Bag Limit won the Bendigo Pacing Cup on the 7 January 1987, followed by Gosh and Game Oro. Bag Limit owned by ML Falls, AM Osborne, P & WM Day, was trained by RV Knight and driven by Vin Knight. Bag Limit raced from 1985 (3yo) through to 1990 (8yo). Career: 35 wins 16 seconds 5 thirds 71 starts.Three colour photographs, two small one large in a brown frame. At the top: Bendigo Harness Racing 7-1-87/ Swan Premium Bendigo Pacing Cup At the bottom: Left corner: Distance 2700 metres/ Mile rate 2.03.1/ Greg Matthews Photos - Stawell Centre: Bag Limit (Tarport Skipper - Royal Blend) / Gosh 2nd / Game Oro 3rd Right corner: Owned by- ML Falls, AM Osborne, P & WM Day/ Trained by RV Knight / Driven by Vin Knightbendigo harness racing club, horses, race, winner, bendigo trotting club, pacing cup, driver, trainer, owner, bag limit, rv knight, vin knight, ml falls, am osborne, p & wm day, 1987, gosh, game oro, vj knight, bob knight

Aim First won the Bendigo Pacing Cup on the 4 January 1991, followed by Carden Court and Jocks Regret. Aim First owned by Mr B Devcic, was trained by B Devcic and driven by Gavin Lang. Aim First raced from 1986 (2yo) through to 1996 (12yo). Career: 38 wins 34 seconds 34 thirds 229 starts.Two colour photographs, one small one large in a brown, black, gold frame. At the top: Bendigo Harness Racing 4-1-91/ National Mutual Bendigo Pacing Cup/ C8 or better At the bottom: Left corner: Distance 2700 metres/ Mile rate 2.05.2 / Greg Matthews Photos - Stawell Centre: Aim First (Young Dancer - Brahn Beauty) / Carden Court 2nd / Jocks Regret 3rd Right corner: Owned by- Mr B Devcic/ Trained by B Devcic / Driven by Gavin Langbendigo harness racing club, horses, race, winner, bendigo trotting club, pacing cup, driver, trainer, owner, 1991, aim first, b devcic, gavin lang, carden court, jocks regret, boris devcic, g lang

Lord Muckalee won the Bendigo Pacing Cup on the 24 January 1992. Awarded First Place after Disqualification of Defoe Lord Muckalee owned by JR & Est GS Monk, was trained and driven by GJ Morgan. Lord Muckalee raced from 1989 (2yo) through to 1995 (8yo). Career: 21 wins 15 seconds 7 thirds 76 starts. Two colour photographs, one small one large in a brown, black, gold frame. At the top: Bendigo Harness Racing 24-1-92/ Bendigo Southern Cross Television Bendigo Pacing Cup At the bottom: Left corner: Distance 2700 metres/ Mile rate 2.03.4 / Greg Matthews Photos - Stawell Centre: Lord Muckalee (Muckalee Strike - Saint Mary Redcliffe) / Awarded First Place after Disqualification of Defoe Right corner: Owned by- JR & Est GS Monk/ Trained and driven by GJ Morganbendigo harness racing club, horses, race, winner, bendigo trotting club, pacing cup, driver, trainer, owner, 1992, lord muckalee, gj morgan, jr & est gs monk, defoe, graeme morgan

Brabham won the Bendigo Pacing Cup on the 26 January 1996, followed by Jamyan Prince and Ricky Dean. Brabham owned by Runvs Syndicate, Manager RW Death, was trained and driven by Mark Purdon. Brabham raced from 1994 (3yo) through to 2000 (9yo). Career: 20 wins 19 seconds 9 thirds 79 starts.Two colour photographs, one small one large in a brown, black, gold frame. At the top: Bendigo Harness Racing 26-1-96/ Ten Victoria Bendigo Pacing Cup / C9 or Better At the bottom: Left corner: Distance 2400 metres/ Mile rate 2.00.5 / Greg Matthews Photos - Stawell Centre: Brabham (New York Motoring - Armbro Speed) / Jamyan Prince 2nd / Ricky Dean 3rd Right corner: Owned by- Runvs Syndicate - Manager RW Death/ Trained and driven by Mark Purdonbendigo harness racing club, horses, race, winner, bendigo trotting club, pacing cup, driver, trainer, owner, 1996, brabham, mark purdon, runvs syndicate, jamyan prince, ricky dean, m purdon

Captain Rufus won the Bendigo Pacing Cup on the 23 January 1998, followed by Skipper Trust and Low Bronze. Captain Rufus owned by A Gannell, H Manolitis, KR Hyslop & GJ Carey, was trained and driven by Ted Demmler. Captain Rufus raced from 1996 (3yo) through to 2001 (8yo). Career: 17 wins 13 seconds 18 thirds 85 starts.Two colour photographs, one small one large in a brown, black, gold frame. At the top: Bendigo Harness Racing 23-1-98/ The Sulky Shop Bendigo Pacing Cup At the bottom: Left corner: Distance 2385 metres/ Mile rate 2.00.1 / Greg Matthews Photos - Stawell Centre: Captain Rufus (Sokys Atom - Hurricane Mark) / Skipper Trust 2nd / Low Bronze 3rd Right corner: Owned by- A Gannell, H Manolitis, KR Hyslop & GJ Carey/ Trained and driven by Ted Demmlerbendigo harness racing club, horses, race, winner, bendigo trotting club, pacing cup, driver, trainer, owner, 1998, captain rufus, ted demmler, a gannell, h manolitis, kr hyslop, gj carey, skipper trust, low bronze, te demmler, t demmler

IT IS ON PERMAMENT LOAN FROM HEPBURN SHIRE COUNCILLORS AND OFFICERS ELECTED TO THE BOROUGH OF CLUNES 1896. PHOTOGRAPH ORIGINALLY HUNG IN THE CLUNES TOWN HALL DURING THEIR TERM OF OFFICE.COLLAGE OF COUNCILLORS AND OFFICERS OF THE BOROUGH OF CLUNES 1896.BOROUGH OF CLUNES COUNCILLORS AND OFFICERS. J. BAWDEN PHOTO. H E SANDO - ENGINEER & TOWN CLERK, DR A H GORDON - HEALTH OFFICER, J E EDWARD J. P., J PICKFORD, S COOPER, W T PITCHER J P - MAYOR, F J MILES, W BARKELL, T KING, W RICHARDS, W BLACKBAND, W ARMSTRONG - TOWN INSPECTOR, H J EDWARDS - RATE COLLECTORlocal history, photography, photographs, councillors & officers

Montmorillonite is a type of clay composed of aluminium silicate that forms very small particles that are not well-bonded to one another. This is why it is so soft. When in the presence of water, all types of clay swell. Montmorillonite swells even more than most types of clay, which is why it is often chosen over other types of clay in its practical uses. Montmorillonite has many different practical uses, including in the mining industry, as a soil additive, as a sealant, as a desiccant to draw water out of the air, to clean ponds, to make kitty litter and in cosmetics. Montmorillonite is a common mineral and, despite being named after Montmorillon, France, can be found all over the world, including many deposits in Australia. It is not known where this particular specimen originates from. Montmorillonite is an economically and socially significant material with a wide variety of uses. Having samples of common and important minerals allows collections, like the Burke Museum, to have a more complete view of the land on which they are located, and therefore a more complete view of heritage. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid tennis-ball sized chunk of aluminium silicate clay. It is primarily white, accented with orange and brown.burke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen, clay, montmorillonite

VR Commissioner's Special train, steam locomotive D3-639 filling up with water at the coal hopper, Echuca Railway Station, 1962. The tender has been all polished up. THE ECHUCA COALING STAGE. Locomotives would stop alongside to receive coal dropped into their tenders from small overhead rail mounted tipping trays. Water could be obtained from either the elevated tank at one end or the connected standpipe at the opposite end. Locomotive firebox contents could be dumped into pits between the rails from locomotives once they were carefully positioned above them. Such locomotives then could move onto the Engine Shed area for overnight parking. Firebox fires would be re-lit when the locomotive was next needed in a day or so.Digital TIFF file Scan of black and white print enlargement on textured paper (14.5 x 21 cm)coal hopper, d3-639, d3-class steam locomotive, echuca railway station, george coop collection, vr commissioner's special train

Skincare cosmetics used for ageing skin have been a priority for over 3000 years, in ancient times masks were used to cleanse and maintain the moisture of the skin. The Egyptians used anti-wrinkle creams made with the essential oil of frankincense which claimed to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Thick creams use on the face were created to preserve moisture on mature skin. And were formulated from resin, wax, oil, grass, and plant juice, In the 1700s, face toners and scented water were popular. Cold cream made with scented oils, spermaceti, and wax mixed with rose water and ambergris was a common toilette preparation. But it was the 20th century when face cosmetics entered their golden era and mass production made cosmetics available to women of all classes. An item used to store face cream from the 1920s when face creams and other cosmetics started to become available to all classes of women and no longer were these types of preparations only available to women of financial means.Clear glass jar with "hobnail" pattern and brass lid used to hold face cream cosmetics.Lid decorated with a relief design of 5 cherub heads and cloudsflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, glass jar, cosmetics jar, toilet article

Cordite Wagon - 18½-inch (460mm) gauge wagons came from the Commonwealth Explosives factory at Maribyrnong in Melbourne’s western suburbs. Both have gun-metal wheels, as avoiding sparks was understandably a priority in an explosives factory. Both wagons also have water tanks to drip water on the wheels as an added precaution. Cordite, an explosive used in artillery, was manufactured and pressed into thin sheets, which still contained a quantity of acetone solvent from the manufacturing process. The sheets of cordite were laid in racks of perforated trays in the cordite wagons, which were hand-pushed to the cordite drying-house where the trucks were coupled together in rakes and warm air was blown through them. The acetone, being very volatile, was evaporated out of the cordite and recovered to be re-used in the manufacturing process. Historic - Industrial Narrow Gauge Railway - Commonwealth Explosives factory, Maribyrnong, Victoria, AustraliaCordite Wagon - Rectangular yellow wagon made of wood and brass with aluminium traysThe number 77 is on the endspuffing billy, wooden wagon, 18½-inch gauge, explosives, maribyrnong cordite factory, maribyrnong explosives factory, puffing billy museum, industrial narrow gauge railway

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)A number of photographs taken at Tower Hill, including the lakes, volcanic ash layer, and koala.tower hill, ash layer, volcano

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Black and white image of Tower Hill, near Koroit, Victoria.tower hill, volcano, crater

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Panaramic view of Tower Hill, Victoria.tower hill, volcano, crater

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Black and white photograph of Tower Hill devoid of trees.tower hill, crossley, volcano

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Colour photographs of a lake in a volcanic crater at Tower Hill, Victoria. volcano, crater, lake, tower hill

Tower Hill is a volcanic formation believed to have erupted about 32,000 years ago. Its formation is known as a "nested maar" and it is the largest example of its type in Victoria. During formation, molten lava pushed its way up through the Earth’s crust and encountered a layer of water-bearing rock. Violent explosions followed creating a shallow crater which later filled with water to form the lake. Further eruptions occurred in the centre of this crater, creating the islands and cone shaped hills. In 1892 Tower Hill became Victoria’s first National Park. In 1961, Tower Hill became a State Game Reserve under the then Fisheries and Wildlife Department and a major re-vegetation program began. (https://www.towerhill.org.au/index.php/about-reserve/history, accessed 23 December 2019)Panaramic view of Tower Hill, Victoria.tower hill, volcano, crater

Grampians Halls Gap. Part of a collection of Photographs by Mr. O.G. Armstrong as commissioned by the Shire of Stawell for the Inter-colonial and Paris Exhibition in Melbourne in 1866. From about 1860 there was agitation for a water supply, not only for Stawell but for the Wimmer Mallee as well. In 1887 Wartook was adopted as the first reservoir for the Wimmer. Stawells water supply was designed by Mr. John D’Alton. The scheme came from Fyan’s Creek via Wooden Fluming and a Syphon and finally through the mountain in a tunnel, before being piped to a reservoir on Big Hill. The system was completed in December 1881 and although there have been modifications, basically it has not been changed to this day. The Wimmera Mallee stock and domestic system from the Grampians is the largest system of its kind in the world, the latest edition being like Belfield and piping of Wimmera channels. stawell