Showing 751 items matching "cylcons-aborigines"
-
Eltham District Historical Society IncBook, Mick Woiwod, Another view of Kangaroo Ground : its land & its people / Mick Woiwod, 2009
... ...aborigines...wurundjeri social customs place names yarra river environment kangaroo ground culture aborigines Inscribed and signed by Author Paperback; 54 p. : ill. ...Paperback; 54 p. : ill. (some col.), maps, port ; 30 cm.Inscribed and signed by Author wurundjeri, social customs, place names, yarra river, environment, kangaroo ground, culture, aborigines -
Eltham District Historical Society IncBook, Celestina Sagazio, Cemeteries : our heritage / edited by Celestina Sagazio, 1992
... ...aborigines...History of Victorian cemeteries; includes a chapter on Aboriginal mission cemeteries; guide to how to use cemeteries for research and family history and how to conserve cemeteries. social customs cemeteries healesville victoria aborigines st helena greensborough ISBN 0909710856 Paperback; 184 p. : ill., 1 map ; 24 cm. ...History of Victorian cemeteries; includes a chapter on Aboriginal mission cemeteries; guide to how to use cemeteries for research and family history and how to conserve cemeteries.Paperback; 184 p. : ill., 1 map ; 24 cm.ISBN 0909710856social customs, cemeteries, healesville, victoria, aborigines, st helena, greensborough -
Eltham District Historical Society IncBook, Bunjil of the Wurundjeri / Kenneth Eric Eckersall, 2007
... ...aborigines...After the creation Bunjil with his wives and sons went up into the “tharingbeik”, the sky, where he remains today as the star Altair. wurundjeri aborigines bunjil mythology [signed by author on title page] Paperback; v, 58 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. ...Self-published essay by Kenneth Eric Eckersall, Eltham, Victoria, October 2007 For the Wurundjeri people, Bunjil, the Eaglehawk was seen as being the all powerful Being of the Dreamtime, the all-father who created the centre world and its creatures. After the creation Bunjil with his wives and sons went up into the “tharingbeik”, the sky, where he remains today as the star Altair.Paperback; v, 58 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.[signed by author on title page]wurundjeri, aborigines, bunjil, mythology -
Eltham District Historical Society IncBook, Mick Woiwod, The Christmas Hills story : once around the Sugarloaf II / Mick Woiwod, 2010
... ...aborigines...christmas hills sugraloaf reservoir aborigines Inscribed and signed by Author 2010 Paperback; 275 p. : ill., facsims., maps, ports. ; 30 cm. ...Paperback; 275 p. : ill., facsims., maps, ports. ; 30 cm.Inscribed and signed by Author 2010christmas hills, sugraloaf reservoir, aborigines -
Eltham District Historical Society IncDocument - Folder, Barak
... ...aborigines...Includes part of Gilham Folder 93. william barak wurundjeri aborigines indigenous history Barak Document Folder ...Folder of information on William Barak, Wurundjeri Chief. Includes part of Gilham Folder 93.william barak, wurundjeri, aborigines, indigenous history -
Warrnambool RSL Sub BranchBook. Northern Territory. Aborigines, NORFORCE. Modern Warrior, Traditional Values, 2013
... Northern Territory. Aborigines ...Paperback. Full Colour image on cover.Project Managed by Donna Bates (NORFORCE) -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyBook - Bogong High Plains x2, Early History and Discovery of the Bogong High Plains, 1968
... The book is an accurate history of the Bogong High Plains given the available records at the time. bogong high plains. state electricity commission of victoria. kiewa. aborigines. kiewa valley. mullindollingong pastoral run. flora. geology DDTS hand written on front cover "Early History and Discovery / of the / Bogong High Plains" on cover top centre. ...The State Electricity Commission of Victoria constructed the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme in the north east of Victoria. Mr R.M. Duncan prepared the notes. He was a member of the S.E.C. Kiewa Branch from 1949 - 1966. This book was commissioned by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria. It consists of the early history of the Bogong High Plains and the origin of names of places and creeks in the area.This book was researched in 1968 by Mr R.M. Duncan who worked for the S.E.C. on the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme from 1949 to 1966. His sources were the Melbourne Public Library, the Victorian Historical Society, the North Eastern Victorian Historical Society and the Dept. of Crown Lands & Survey, Melbourne. The book is an accurate history of the Bogong High Plains given the available records at the time. Yellow cardboard covered book with black sketches and green print. 9 one-sided pages held together by 3 staples and taped over the staples. One - has sheets enclosed "The Three Floras of Bogong" and "General Geology of the Kiewa Area". 6 copies including 1 that is a photocopyDDTS hand written on front cover "Early History and Discovery / of the / Bogong High Plains" on cover top centre. "Settlement / of the / Kiewa-Valley" on cover towards the top slightly to the right. "Published by the / State Electricity Commission / of Victoria / July, 1968" on cover bottom left. "TR-K 596-4" on cover bottom left.bogong high plains. state electricity commission of victoria. kiewa. aborigines. kiewa valley. mullindollingong pastoral run. flora. geology -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Document - Various writings by John Ellison
... Australian Aborigines Pastoralist Movement Urban Planning On the cover and on the first page a stamp: L.J. ...Writings on various topics. Some are glued inside a notebook. Two others are on loose pages. The notebook has a view of a lake/river with several small villages on the banks. location unknown. Topics are: "The Australian Aboriginals", ' The Great Pastland Movement", Problem of Urban Planning" and "the Plea of Youth".On the cover and on the first page a stamp: L.J. Ellison A.I.M.A.australian aborigines, pastoralist movement, urban planning -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchPenguin, We were there : Australian soldiers of World War II tell their stories, 1988
... World war 1939 – 1945 – Personal narratives – Australia World war 1939 – 1945 – Campaigns – Australia Aborigines and army service - Australian women's Army - Burma-Thailand railway - Prisoners of war (POW's). ...Aborigines and army service - Australian women's Army - Burma-Thailand railway - Prisoners of war (POW's).Index, ill, p.470.non-fictionAborigines and army service - Australian women's Army - Burma-Thailand railway - Prisoners of war (POW's).world war 1939 – 1945 – personal narratives – australia, world war 1939 – 1945 – campaigns – australia -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Map - PETER ELLIS COLLECTION: MAP AREA AROUND MITIAMO
... MAP Victoria rushworth/whroo Peter Ellis Collection Mitiamo Area Aborigine Water Holes Copy of a hand drawn map of an area near Mitiamo with various plants/trees, features and Aboriginal Water Holes drawn in. ...Copy of a hand drawn map of an area near Mitiamo with various plants/trees, features and Aboriginal Water Holes drawn in. Also a smaller copy of the top part and two smaller copies of the lower half of the map.map, victoria, rushworth/whroo, peter ellis collection, mitiamo area, aborigine water holes -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Photograph - PETER ELLIS COLLECTION: ABORIGINAL MEN
... ... Aborigines...PHOTO Group male Peter Ellis Collection Trans Continental Railway 1945 Aborigines Copy of a black and white photo of three Aboriginal men putting out a camp fire by peeing on it. ...Copy of a black and white photo of three Aboriginal men putting out a camp fire by peeing on it. A boy is watching them. Printing in the bottom right corner reads: Trans Continental Railway - 1945. Blackfellows putting out a fire.photo, group, male, peter ellis collection, trans continental railway 1945, aborigines -
Healesville Sanctuary Heritage CentreNewspaper - Cutting, The Herald, Melbourne, Sanctuary may be extended, 10 May 1954
... 1950s Part of the Coranderrk- the old aborigine station may be used to extend the Sanctuary and subdivided for soldier settlement Photocopy Sanctuary may be extended Newspaper Cutting The Herald, Melbourne ...Part of the Coranderrk- the old aborigine station may be used to extend the Sanctuary and subdivided for soldier settlementPhotocopynon-fictionPart of the Coranderrk- the old aborigine station may be used to extend the Sanctuary and subdivided for soldier settlement1950s -
Healesville Sanctuary Heritage CentreNewspaper - Cutting, None, ? 1954
... . 1950s Mr Reg Stanley's interest and help he provided to Mr Fleay at the Sanctuary, also a small part regarding the local aborigines Photocopy. None Newspaper Cutting ...Mr Reg Stanley's interest and help he provided to Mr Fleay at the Sanctuary, also a small part regarding the local aboriginesPhotocopy.non-fictionMr Reg Stanley's interest and help he provided to Mr Fleay at the Sanctuary, also a small part regarding the local aborigines1950s -
Victorian Interpretive Projects Inc.Photograph - Colour, Clare Gervasoni, Corenderrk Cemetery, 31/08/2011
... ...aborigines...Corenderrk Wurundjeri Barak aborigines aboriginal cemetery grave Barak Jemima Dunolly Photographs of graves in grass and bushland. ...In 1860 the Wurundjeri Elder, Wonga, petitioned the Victorian Parliament for a piece of land in his people’s own country where he could establish a settlement. The land later named Coranderrk was granted. When Wonga died in 1875 his nephew William Barak, known by settlers as ‘King William, last chief of the Yarra Yarra tribe’, became the leader, the Ngurungaeta. William Barak believed strongly in justice for his people, and time and again made the arduous walk to Melbourne to petition to Parliament and to Queen Victoria for his people. ‘Freedom for our lifetime’, he said. The community at Coranderrk welcomed Aboriginal people displaced from other parts of Victoria; they established an economically self-sufficient settlement by growing and marketing hops. Barak negotiated with the Victorian Government officials as they made promises and broke promises. They finally promised to export the whole of a hop harvest of one year. The people worked around the clock to fill the contract; the Government pocketed the proceeds. The community never recovered. Barak died in 1903— a broken-hearted man. (from http://www.sosj.org.au/_uploads/_cknw/files/Corenderrk.pdf) Artist William Barak is buried in this cemetery.Photographs of graves in grass and bushland. It is the Corenderrk Cemetery, and is associated with the former Corenderrk Aboriginal Reserve.corenderrk, wurundjeri, barak, aborigines, aboriginal, cemetery, grave, barak, jemima dunolly -
Victorian Interpretive Projects Inc.Photograph - colour, Scarred Tree, Mildura
... ...Aborigine...The scar on this tree probably resulted from bark being removed to make a canoe. Aboriginal Aborigine Scarred tree canoe Scarred tree on display in the Mildura Information Centre. ...The scar on this tree probably resulted from bark being removed to make a canoe.Scarred tree on display in the Mildura Information Centre.aboriginal, aborigine, scarred tree, canoe -
Victorian Interpretive Projects Inc.Photograph - colour, Clare Gervasoni, William Buckley's Cave, Point Lonsdale, 2015, 15/03/2015
... ...aborigines...william buckley aborigines wathaurong wada wurrung buckley point lonsdale Six colour photographs of William Buckley's Cave at Point Lonsdale. ...Six colour photographs of William Buckley's Cave at Point Lonsdale.william buckley, aborigines, wathaurong, wada wurrung, buckley, point lonsdale -
Victorian Interpretive Projects Inc.Book, Janice Newton, 'Mullawallah: The Last King Billy of Ballarat' by Janice Newton, 2015
... ...aborigines...Janice has recently taught courses on 'The Anthropology of Indigenous Art' and 'Indigenous History' at Federation University Australia. mullawullah frank wilson king billy aborigines wathauwrung wadawurrung aboriginal ercildoun ercildoune lake learmonth 56 page soft covered booklet outlining the life of Ballarat's Mullawallah (also known as King Billy or Frank Wilson). ...Dr Janice Newton has had a long term interest in Indigenous Studies and Aboriginality, and has published papers linking Aboriginality to the counterculture and to artists and musicians. She has published a paper commenting on Ballarat's response to the death in 1896 of King Billy, the so called 'last of his tribe'. Janice has recently taught courses on 'The Anthropology of Indigenous Art' and 'Indigenous History' at Federation University Australia.56 page soft covered booklet outlining the life of Ballarat's Mullawallah (also known as King Billy or Frank Wilson). Numerous photographs. The book 'Mullawallah: The Last King Billy of Ballarat' is an initiative of Victorian Interpretive Projects. It is available for purchase for $15.00 (additional for postage). Please email [email protected] for further details. Images include: Ercildoun, Lake Burrumbeet, Lal Lal Falls, William Buckley, Warrenheip, King Billy and his Camp in McCree's Paddock, King Billy and His Tribe, Carl Walter King Billy, Mary of Carngham, Rosa of Carngham, King Billy (Bullip Bullip), Queen Mary of Buninyong, Queen Marie of Ballarat, Queen Mary and King Billy and their original mia mia, Football at Ercildoune, Thomas Jerusalem, Samuel Wilson, Frank the last of the Ballarat Tribe, The Burial of King Billy, King Billy's Grave. mullawullah, frank wilson, king billy, aborigines, wathauwrung, wadawurrung, aboriginal, ercildoun, ercildoune, lake learmonth -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Newspaper - LYDIA CHANCELLOR COLLECTION: WONDERS OF THE NORTH. FAMOUS PEOPLE
... ... Aborigines...PLACE Land rural life Lydia Chancellor collection Australia place Aboriginal Australian Aborigines Aborigines Northern Australian Australian flora Australian fauna fauna flora plants Australian plants Australian animals animals Australian lighthouses lighthouses sciences botany tourism famous people male person Wonders of the north 1-100 1938-9 Then and Now 'A small orange Old Gold chocolate box containing 2 newspaper columns. ...'A small orange Old Gold chocolate box containing 2 newspaper columns. (i) Wonders of the North' series 1-100. 1938-1939. (ii). This series of clips contains references to Aboriginal/Indiginous people. 'Then and Now Public Men'. These clips have a young/older photo and the positions they held in their professional life. Both columns from the 'Sun-News Pictorial' newspaper.Wonders of the north 1-100 1938-9 Then and Nowplace, land, rural life, lydia chancellor, collection, australia, place, aboriginal, australian aborigines, aborigines, northern australian, australian flora, australian fauna, fauna, flora, plants, australian plants, australian animals, animals, australian lighthouses, lighthouses, sciences, botany, tourism, famous people, male, person -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Newspaper - LYDIA CHANCELLOR COLLECTION: WONDERS OF THE OUTBACK
... ... Aborigines...SCIENCES General flora and fauna Lydia Chancellor collection Australian outback outback Australian wildlife wildlife Australian Aborigines Aborigines Australian birds birds Australian rock carvings rock carvings Australian deserts deserts Aboriginal place sciences region Australia plants flora fauna Wonders of the outback 1938. 25 + 26 missing. ...A handkerchief box containing newspaper cuttings from 'The Sun-News Pictorial' dated 1938, 'Wonders Of The Outback' on the beauty of and life in the outback. A series numbered 1 to 83. these clips contain photos and descriptions of Aboriginal/Indigenous People, Flora, Fauna, Lizards, Insects, land formations etc.Wonders of the outback 1938. 25 + 26 missing. Up to 83sciences, general, flora and fauna, lydia chancellor, collection, australian outback, outback, australian wildlife, wildlife, australian aborigines, aborigines, australian birds, birds, australian rock carvings, rock carvings, australian deserts, deserts, aboriginal, place, sciences, region, australia, plants, flora, fauna -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Newspaper - LYDIA CHANCELLOR COLLECTION: AUSTRALIAN HISTORY, September 16th
... ...aborigines...HISTORY Australian aborigines Lydia Chancellor collection Australia history Australian history Aborigines Aboriginal contact The Sun A cutting from 'The Sun News-Pictorial Magazine,' titled, 'Speared by Blacks, but Young Man of 70 Still Goes West.' ...A cutting from 'The Sun News-Pictorial Magazine,' titled, 'Speared by Blacks, but Young Man of 70 Still Goes West.' Dated Saturday, September 16, 1939.The Sunhistory, australian, aborigines, lydia chancellor, collection, australia, history, australian history, aborigines, aboriginal contact -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Book - DUCK AND CABBAGE TREE - PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CLOTHES IN AUSTRALIA 1788-1914, 1968
... ... aborigines...HISTORY Clothing pictorial 1788 - 1914 clothing convicts settlers goldminers aborigines Cedric Flower Duck & Cabbage Tree : A pictorial history of clothes in Australia 1788-1914. ...Duck & Cabbage Tree : A pictorial history of clothes in Australia 1788-1914. Arranged & annotated by Cedric Flower First published 1968 by Angus and Robertson LTD. Printed by Halstead Press, Sydney. Multi-colour with white background dust cover. Green hard back. Markings – Bendigo Historical Society Inc. stamp front and back. Copy not assigned a part letterCedric Flowerhistory, clothing, pictorial 1788 - 1914, clothing, convicts, settlers, goldminers, aborigines -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Ephemera - HARRY BIGGS COLLECTION: ENVELOPE
... ...Aborigines...PHILATELY Postal stationary Aborigines F. R. Godfrey 'Dunbar' 'Boort Homestead' Jajoweroung S.M. ...Cream coloured envelope with cello tape on the back with some rust marks.. On the front hand written in blue ink by S. M. Deravin writes about the photo's in the envelope. It is entitled 'Aboriginies' Copies of these photographs and a typed copy of the verses have been placed in the original book - F. R. Godfrey's journals in the Australiana Room at the National Library in Melbourne (Latrobe St) where they will remain 'in perpetuity'. With them have been placed copies of the photographs of the Jajoweroung or Loddon tribe of blacks, taken at their camp on 'Boort Station' (now 'Dunbar' homestead block) in 1963 and the stables at the 'Boort' homestead with M. H. Godfrey and his sons, with Prince Charlie of the Jajoweroung and of the poem 'The Jajoweroung' These photos and descriptions are in 2400.419a and 419b, also 2400 420a and 420b.S. M. Deravinphilately, postal stationary, aborigines, f. r. godfrey, 'dunbar', 'boort homestead' jajoweroung, s.m. deravin. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Newspaper - LYDIA CHANCELLOR COLLECTION: TYNTYNDYER HOMESTEAD
... ... Aborigines...HISTORY Australian early farming settlement Lydia Chancellor Collection collection Swan Hill Aboriginal Aboriginal Contact Australia history Australian history homesteads building house houses heritage tourism Aborigines settlers weapons guns pastoralists expedition John Holloway Andrew Beveridge Peter Beveridge Robert O'Hara Burke Narrinyeri Tribe bushrangers relics National Trust advertisement exploration An article from a 'Supplement to Bendigo Advertiser' giving some insights into the history of Tyntyndyer Homestead which is in the Swan Hill district. ...An article from a 'Supplement to Bendigo Advertiser' giving some insights into the history of Tyntyndyer Homestead which is in the Swan Hill district. It gives an insight into the early settlers and their struggles for survival. There is an advertisement within the supplement advertising the 'Historic Tyntyndyer Homestead and Museum.' Coloured and black and white photographs are included in this article which is dated 12/2/1969.history, australian, early farming settlement, lydia chancellor collection, collection, swan hill, aboriginal, aboriginal contact, australia, history, australian history, homesteads, building, house, houses, heritage, tourism, aborigines, settlers, weapons, guns, pastoralists, expedition, john holloway, andrew beveridge, peter beveridge, robert o'hara burke, narrinyeri tribe, bushrangers, relics, national trust, advertisement, exploration -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Book - ALEC H CHISHOLM COLLECTION: BOOK 'NSW ABORIGINAL PLACE NAMES' BY W.W.THORPE
... ... ABORIGINE...BOOKS Collections place names ALEC H CHISHOLM COLLECTION ABORIGINE W.W.THORPE PLACE NAMES W. W. Thorpe Booklet. ...Booklet. ALEC H CHISHOLM COLLECTION. A 16 page booklet (2nd Edition) of NSW aboriginal place names and their meaning. Compiled by W. W. Thorpe (Ethnologist). Set up and printed by the Australian Museum, Sydney in May 1927. Inside are 5 newspaper clippings from an Adelaide paper (no dates) about nomenclature. Catalogue sticker '2155 THO' on front cover together with the signature of A. H. Chisholm.W. W. Thorpebooks, collections, place names, alec h chisholm collection, aborigine, w.w.thorpe, place names -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Photograph - BASIL MILLER COLLECTION: ABORIGINAL MAN AND BOY - TRADITIONAL IMPLEMENTS
... ...Aborigines...basil miller Aborigines Postcards. Postcard of aboriginal man and boy with traditional implements. ...Postcard of aboriginal man and boy with traditional implements. Made in Western Germany in perfect colour for John Englander and Co Pty Ltd, Melbourne. Aboriginal artist at work, Australia.basil miller, aborigines, postcards. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Book - EARLY DAYS IN THE LODDON VALLEY, 1966
... ... Aborigines...HISTORY Australian loddon valley History of Loddon Valley Castlemaine Daylesford Edward Stone Parker Aborigines Aboriginal Stations Edgar Morrison Early days in the Loddon Valley, Memoirs of Edward Stone Parker 1802-1865, 98 Pages, with photographs and maps, Limited Edition of 1000 copies, Book EARLY DAYS IN THE LODDON VALLEY ...Early days in the Loddon Valley, Memoirs of Edward Stone Parker 1802-1865, 98 Pages, with photographs and maps, Limited Edition of 1000 copies,Edgar Morrisonhistory, australian, loddon valley, history of loddon valley, castlemaine, daylesford, edward stone parker, aborigines, aboriginal stations -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Book - DJADJA WURRUNG LANGUAGE OF CENTRAL VICTORIA INCLUDING PLACE NAMES, 1997
... ABORIGINAL Language djadja wurrung Djadja Wurrung aboriginal language Bendigo aborigine John Tully Dadja wurrung language of central victoria 92 pages with photos, illustrations and maps. ...Dadja wurrung language of central victoria 92 pages with photos, illustrations and maps. Published in Maryborough Victoria.John Tullyaboriginal, language, djadja wurrung, djadja wurrung, aboriginal language, bendigo aborigine -
Otway Districts Historical SocietyBook, Year of hope: 1857 in the Colac District, 2006
... The land, the settlers, and the social institutions which found or altered the character of the small settlement of Colac, Victoria, and its district. 1857; dawn peel; land; politics; aborigines; religion; history; social institutions; For Irene - a fellow historian. ...The land, the settlers, and the social institutions which found or altered the character of the small settlement of Colac, Victoria, and its district.Year of hope: 1857 in the Colac district. Dawn Peel. 1st ed. Colac (Vic); Dawn Peel; 2006. x, 212 p.; illus, bibliography. Soft cover. ISBN 0 646 46270 9For Irene - a fellow historian. Dawn Peel. 6/10/06.1857; dawn peel; land; politics; aborigines; religion; history; social institutions; -
Otway Districts Historical SocietyBook, Land Conservation Council, Historic places: special investigation: South-Western Victoria: Final recommendations, January 1997
... Land Conservation Council; Conservation; Historic places; Public land; Aborigines; South West Victoria; Maps in plastic sleeve. ...The Land Conservation Council has carried out an investigation of historic places in public land in South-western Victoria. The report contains the Council's recommendations for the protection, management and future use of more than 700 historic places, out of 2200 places identified during the investigation. The places have been assigned to three categories, A, B and C, representing State, regional and local levels of significance. The report also contains recommendations relating to general historic places management, the processes available in Victoria for the protection of historic places on public land, and Aboriginal historic places.Historic places: Special investigation: South-Western Victoria: Final recommendations. Land Conservation Council. Land Conservation Council; Melbourne (Vic); January 1997. viii, 176 p.; illus.; maps. Soft cover. ISBN 0 7241 9290 5Maps in plastic sleeve.land conservation council; conservation; historic places; public land; aborigines; south west victoria; -
Otway Districts Historical SocietyBook, B. & B. Strange, Ballarat: the formative years, April 1982
... Ballarat; pastoralism; aborigines; gold rush; mining; Eureka; local government; A.W. ...From 1838 early Ballarat was settled by pastoralists in ideal conditions, a peaceful, verdant valley where the hills were clothed in virgin forest and the flats covered with lush pasture. Then gold was discovered to spark off what was Victoria's first great gold rush. This book covers the gold rush after on the aboriginal ownership and early pastoral activities.Ballarat: the formative years. A.W. Strange. B. & B. Strange; Ballarat (Vic); April 1982. viii, 100 p.; illus.; map. Soft cover. ISBN 0 9596802 3 3Signed: "A.W. Strange 10/1/1983" Map inside back cover.ballarat; pastoralism; aborigines; gold rush; mining; eureka; local government; a.w. strange;
