Nicholas Caire was born on Guernsey in the Channel Islands in 1837. He arrived in Adelaide with his parents in about 1860. In 1867, following photographic journeys in Gippsland, he opened a studio in Adelaide. From 1870 to 1876 he lived and worked in Talbot in Central Victoria. In 1876 he purchased T. F. Chuck's studios in the Royal Arcade Melbourne. In 1885, following the introduction of dry plate photography, he began a series of landscape series, which were commercially successful. As a photographer, he travelled extensively through Victoria, photographing places few of his contemporaries had previously seen. He died in 1918. Reference: Jack Cato, 'Caire, Nicholas John (1837–1918)', Australian Dictionary of Biography.An original, rare photograph from the series 'Views of Victoria: General Series' by the photographer, Nicholas Caire (1837-1918). The 60 photographs that comprise the series were issued c. 1876 and reinforced a neo-Romantic view of the Australian landscape to which a growing nationalist movement would respond. Nicholas Caire was active as a photographer in Australia from 1858 until his death in 1918. His vision of the Australian bush and pioneer life had a counterpart in the works of Henry Lawson and other nationalist poets, authors and painters.‘Cumberland Creek, near Point Sturt’ : Views of Victoria (General Series) No.59 : Albumen silver photograph | Photo on card with Title and Description on reverse | Mounted 24 x 30 cm; Photo 12 x 17 cm.On Reverse: ‘The Cumberland Creek is so named from the close resemblance it bears to the place bearing that name in the mother country. The present illustration represents the precipices and hills which surround the Cumberland Creek. The soil around the hills is mostly sandstone rubble, hence the only vegetation identical with the spot is the inevitable sword grass and salt scrub, which frequently exist where no other vegetation can be found.’nicholas caire (1837-1918), landscape photography

Sarah Coventry Pty. Ltd. was a North American jewellery company that was established in 1949 by the Stuart family as part of Emmons Jewelry, Inc. It began operations in England and Australia in 1968, and in Australia it moved from Carlton in Melbourne to Wodonga in 1969. The premises were originally on High St. in Wodonga, but a new warehouse was built in Melbourne Rd. later in 1969. It was a direct selling jewellery business using a party-plan model similar to Tupperware and Avon. The sales reps or 'Hostesses' were provided with jewellery samples in demonstration kits, which they displayed at jewellery parties in their homes. The designs for jewellery such as brooches, necklaces, earrings, chokers and bracelets were purchased from freelance designers and jewellery manufacturers rather than in-house designers. In 1979 Sarah Coventry Pty. Ltd. in Wodonga was bought by three Australian businessmen, including Wodonga local Jim Sawyer, and continued to sell jewellery under the name "Sargem Pty. Ltd”, for several more years in the 1980s. As part of the Sarah Coventry collection, the pin has local significance with the decentralised commercial development of regional centres such as Wodonga in NE Victoria, as well as national and international significance from the perspective of social and economic developments for women after World War II. The direct selling party-plan business model Sarah Coventry was based on is also considered the first of its kind for jewellery.Small rectangular gold metal pin with a faceted pink stone inlay on the proper left side and a faceted clear stone on the proper right side. Two raised flower motifs on the proper right side. The 10k stamped on the back surface suggests it is made of 10 karat gold.The abraded areas on the clasp on the back expose underlying silver coloured metal indicating that the clasp is plated."Sarah / SC / 10 YRS / Coventry" raised inscription on the front surface. "® cTo / 10 K" stamped on the lower proper left side of the back surface, indicating 10 karat gold. The ® symbol indicates that the manufacturer's mark is federally registered with the US Patent and Trademark Office. The 'cTo' is the trademark by O. C. Tanner Jewelry Co. in Salt Lake City, U.S.sarah coventry, jewellery, wodonga, costume jewellery, vintage fashion jewellery, pin, jewellery pin

Grade 4: 1987 Back Row L-R: Peter Weaver, Daniel Taylor, Wesley Sullivan, Ben Morgan, Ian Brown 3rd Row: Matthew McDougall, Peter Truong, Robbie Walkeley, Shannon Cagliarini, Kelly Reinhardt, Clint Russell, Phillip Luu, Daniel Hunt 2nd Row: Rebecca Ramsden, Sarah Monk, Erika Rauschenbach, Kerrie-Lee Warren, Rebecca Darlow, Natalie Turner, Joanne McCarthy, Nadia Razack Front Row: Chantal Bawden, Jasmine Ozergin, Sarah THorpe, Rebeccas Salt, Kirsty McLelland, Dana White, Rebecca Doorban, Mandy Milgate, Desiree King Teacher: Mrs C. Jones.

Grade 2 1987 Back Row L-R: Simon Terzioski, Jeffrey Pearson, Joshua White, Shane Reinhardt, Patrick Marden.-(Anthony Barnett) Travis McIver, Stuart Yendle, Warren Bartholomeusz, Jason Clarke, Marcus Grbac 2nd Row: Lee Skinder, Tim Adams, Anthony Barnett, Matthew Lythow, Tim McCarthy, Daniel Little, Jarrad Page, Chris Harrower, Andrew Cass, Mathhew Monk Front Row: Louise Brown, Philippa Darlow, Mary Katsandonis, Elizabeth Ball, Kelly Thompson, Nicole Betts, Emily Chellew, Stacey Short, Christina TeLindert, Rebecca Salt Teacher: J. Leaney

Copy of a black ans white photo of the 1926 Long Gully Football Club. Photo by Bartlett Bros. Bendigo. Parts of the photo are very dark. Back Row - L to R - C Rowe, J Steele, H Metcalf, T Paynting, W Trewarne, W Boucher, J Hosken, Pat Kelly, Potter. H Salter, T Craig, J Martin, R Rosewarne, A Palmer, A Waterson, R Grenfell, B Whitford, H Beckensall. Front Row - H Boucher, J Casley, B Bodilly, P Wellington, R Rowe. One man is holding a ball with LGFC on the side. Photo is the same as 11010.166.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - long gully football club 1926, c rowe, j steele, h metcalf, t paynting, w trewarne, w boucher, j hosken, pat kelly potter, h salter, t craig, j martin, r rosewarne, a palmer, a waterson, r grenfell, b whitford, h beckensall, h boucher, j casley, b bodilly, p wellington, r rowe, bartlett bros

Saccharin is an artificial sweetener. The basic substance, benzoic sulfilimine, has effectively no food energy and is much sweeter than sucrose, but has a bitter or metallic aftertaste, especially at high concentrations. It is used to sweeten products such as drinks, candies, , medicines, and toothpaste. Saccharin derives its name from the word "saccharine", meaning of, relating to, or resembling sugar. The form used as an artificial sweetener is usually its sodium salt. Saccharin was produced first in 1878 by Constantin Fahlberg, a chemist working on coal tar derivatives in Ira Remsen's laboratory at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland USA. Although saccharin was commercialized not long after its discovery, it was not until sugar shortages during World War I that its use became widespread. A brown glass bottle with a plastic screw top containing 'Saccharin' tabletsFront label ; .... TABLETS / trademark ' R T & C ( entwined)' / Soluble / SACCHARIN / Half Grain / ROCKE TOMSETT & CO. / PTY LTD / MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS / MELBOURNEfahlberg constantin, remsen ira, john hopkins university, maryland, baltimore, america, nasau, south america, central america, sugar cane, pharmacy, medicines, saccharin, glassware, bottles, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, elbe, germany

Penicillin is a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi, including penicillin G, procaine penicillin, benzathine penicillin, and penicillin V. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases, such as syphilis, and infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria have now become resistant. All penicillins are β-lactam antibiotics and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. The development of penicillin for use as a medicine is attributed to the Australian Nobel laureate Howard Walter Florey, together with the German Nobel laureate Ernst Chain and the English biochemist Norman Heatley A clear glass bottle with a metal fixed top in which the central rubber disc has been pierced by a needle .Front: CRYSTALLINE PENICILLIN / ( SODIUM SALT) G / GLAXO / FOR INJECTION / Use only under medical supervision / 1000000 / UNITS PER VIAL. Left side : Refrigeration unnecessary....MANFD. DEC. 1955 / EXPIRY DEC. 1958 / POTENCY 1667 / IU/MG / BATCH 269. Right side :Contains over 90% / penicillin G / Contains no preservatives / GLAXO LABORATORIES / (AUST.) PTY. LTD. / Melbourne Sydneypharmacy, medicines, penicillin, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, manufactured glass, bottles, glaxo laboratories melbourne

Ektachrome slide image. Operating theatre photo of doctors operating on a patient. 4 figures plus patient. Photograph taken by Alan Barry PearceThe two outstanding physical aspects of Vung Tau that one has to adjust to are sand and blood. The sand is like fine salt and it eddies around the huts and covers your clothes, possessions and body, but the blood is a worse curse. The smell of blood is a physical sensation that you not only smell but taste. The cloying sweet smell permeates your skin and can't be scrubbed out. Its memory will last the rest of my life.1st australian field hospital, medical

Malachite is a water soluble, crystalline, triphenyl methylene chloride salt. It has a close relationship to copper because it is common for Malachite and copper to come from the same ore. Malachite often has shades of green, making it also known as Malachite Green. As a result of it's colour, it is known for being a dye and has been used in the dye industry, the textile industry and in medical fields. Cobar in New South Wales is well known for it's mining. This is because of the number of important deposits present in the area and include three important mining belts where most of the materials are found. These are the 'Cobar belt', the 'Canbelego belt' and the 'Girilambone belt'. The 'Cobar belt' runs underneath the main town. Copper was first discovered in Cobar in 1869 and since then, many deposits of other materials have been found, including Malachite.This specimen is significant because it comes from Cobar, NSW and represents the many deposits of materials found there. Cobar has a long history of mining and is a source of Australia's copper minerals. Malachite is often found in copper deposits meaning that it is representative of Cobar's copper production. Malachite is known for it's vivid green colour and as a result, has many uses, such as meaning used as a dye. This makes it a valuable material and highly significant. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid hand-sized mineral with shades of brown , white and light green throughout.geological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, malachite, copper, water soluble, cobar, cobar mines, cobar mining, cobar nsw, nsw, new south wales, mining belts, ore, copper ore, malachite green, dye, green, dye industry, textile industry, desposits, canbelego, girilambone, alfred selwyn

Illustration. Taken and cut from a book. View of bridge across Salt Creek. Bridge has the appearance of being timber and features to the left of the bridge a half arch opening through to the other side of the creek. 3 people are on the bridge. Fore ground has part of a fence visible through long grass and some shrubbery. Observatory Hill in background with a large cross structure on the top to the left. A road or path is visible up the side of the hill towards a dwelling with a panel fence and trees. Two people are on the path and what appears to be 3 sheep to the left of them grazing on the hill. Sky appears cloudy with 3 birds flying. Underneath is written THE OLD BRIDGE, PORTLAND.portland victoria

Copy of a black and white Long Gully School 2120 Photo Grades 1 -11 from the 1920's. Children are sitting or standing outside a brick building. Two children in the front row are holding up a blackboard with the name of the school and grades written on it. The known names are written under the photo. They are: MItchell, Connor, M Penno, Boyd, G Harvey, R Crossman, Birchmore, M Saunders, M Ross, S Rowe, Bux, T Eva, R Salter, J Harvey, J Cox, J Betts, M Smart, B Bryar, Thorn, Pithie, F Birchnall, M Field, K Landy and E Bassett. The year and the name Joyce Cox is written on the paper.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - long gully school photo 1920's, mitchell, connor, m penno, boyd, g harvey, r crossman, birchmore, m saunders, m ross, s rowe, bux, t eva, r salter, j harvey, j cox, j betts, m smart, b bryar, thorn, pithie, f birchnall, m field, k landy, e bassett, joyce cox

Coloured Photograph of the Golden Square Primary School Year 5-6/R 1999 class and their teacher. Children are wearing school uniform. Their names are: Back Row, L to R: Joseph Scoble, Nikki Steele, Jedd Fettling, Seb Robins, Jessica Gloster, Justin Broadbent, Joel Clark, Ryan Trickey, Shane Rodda (Teacher). Middle Row, L to R: Tim Sproule, Hayden Salter, Tara Lock, Dearne Rice, Zoe Mcpherson, Sam Woodman, Belinda Caldwell, Skye Pascoe. Front Row, L to R: Josh Boyd, Katie Owen, Meredith O'Neill, Chris Kline, Lachlan Carter, Brittany Hercus, Anna Oakes, Lorne Dunlop, Katrina Stewart.education, primary, golden square laurel st p.s., golden square laurel street p.s. collection - photograph - golden square primary school year 5-6/r 1999, joseph scoble, nikki steele, jedd fettling, seb robins, jessica gloster, justin broadbent, joel clark, ryan trickey, shane rodda (teacher), tim sproule, hayden salter, tara lock, dearne rice, zoe mcpherson, sam woodman, belinda caldwell, skye pascoe, josh boyd, katie owen, meredith o'neill, chris kline, lachlan carter, brittany hercus, anna oakes, lorne dunlop, katrina stewart

Piece of paper with a sketch of a Scalebuoy Unit used in conjunction with water treatment & Plant attached to a wood fired Boiler at the Pyramid Hill Butter Factory. Sketch shows the Scalebuoy Unit. Note at the bottom mentions that he did not see the unit as it was intended for use. The unit had been broken up when he first saw it. Would have been about thirty mercury flasks, each of which was covered in an easily removable film of salt deposit. Interest was sparked after cleaning one of the flasks and seeing the engraving. He regretted not taking the whole of the unit. On the back is written the name - Frank Honeychurch-8 Harley St, Bendigo 1/3/02.sciences, instruments - general, scalebuoy, bill ashman collection - correspondence, pyramid hill scale buoy butter factory, frank honeychurch

These were the official Australian team's sunglasses issued to competitors at the Winter Olympic Games at Lillehammer, Norway in 1994. The glasses belonged to Paul and Adrian Costa however they could not wear them because the Costa brothers were sponsored by Oakley at that time. The four Costa brothers - Paul, Adrian, Simon and Tom - all skied for Australia in mogul and freestyle competitions. They attended school at Falls Creek and Mt Beauty and were members of the Falls Creek Race Club. Paul’s first major event at the age of 16 was the Falls Creek Summit Masters, where he finished second in the Open Class. In 1993 he placed fourth at the FIS Freestyle World Championships in Austria. He was selected to represent Australia at the Lillehammer Winter Olympic Games in 1994. After these Games, Paul ended his competitive career and took up coaching junior teams and was a member of the coaching staff for the 2006 Torino Olympics. Adrian is a four-time Olympian, who competed in freestyle skiing at the 1992 Albertville, 1994 Lillehammer, 1998 Nagano and 2002 Salt Lake City Olympic Winter Games. He contested the moguls event at all four Games and his best performance was 14th, making the finals at both the Albertville and Lillehammer Games. At Salt Lake City, Adrian had the honour to carry the Australian Flag in the Opening Ceremony. He competed at the World Championships from 1993 until 2001 and recorded his best place of 9th at the 1993 World Championships. His best World Cup performance was a silver medal in 1998. In total, Adrian Costa made 126 World Cup starts between 1991 and 2003, placing 31 times in the top 10 and seven times in the top five. He also competed in five Freestyle Skiing World Championships.These sunglasses are significant because they belonged to two Winter Olympians from Falls Creek.Ray Ban brand sunglasses decorated with the official Olympic symbols for the Lillehammer Winter Olympics 1994. Pattens on the arms represent skiers in a range of eventsOn corner of one lens: Ray-Ban and Olympic Rings On right arm: Lillehammer 94lillehammer winter games, adrian costa, paul costa

James Dixon & Sons were founded in 1806 in Sheffield and were one of the major British manufacturers of the Industrial Revolution. They were manufacturers of pewter ware, electroplated Britannia metal, silverware, and electroplated nickel silver. Their products included hundreds of items for use in the kitchen (e.g. bowls, cutting tools) and the dining room (e.g. tea services, cocktail shakers, and mixers) as well as items such as candlesticks. They were a world leader in manufacturing shooting accessories through the nineteenth century and exported powder flasks in large quantities to America, They were known as whistle makers, which like most of their products were of outstanding quality. They were located first at Silver Street (1806), Cornish Place (1822) Sheffield. Their registered trademark since 1879 was a Trumpet with a Banner hanging from it. Although registered in 1879, the "Trumpet with Banner" logo was used at times before registration and appears on some of their silver plate pieces. They were one of the foremost names in EPNS and sterling silver tableware including silver tea services and hollowware pieces. They also made silverware serving pieces and had a wide catalogue of patterns. Their tea sets and hollowware pieces produced in silver are now very valuable as antiques. The firm continued to be a family-run enterprise until 1976. The patterns are currently owned by another Sheffield firm that exports products mainly to the Middle East.An item made for domestic use late19th to early 20th century by a renowned maker of pewter and silverware products. These types of products give us a snapshot into domestic and social life during the time it was made.Pewter Cloche or cover for food ornate handle at top. Ring on one end. Number 399 inside lid & Dixon & Sons Sheffield.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, pewter ware, james dixon, silver ware, kitchen cutlery, britannia steel, food cover, cloche

"The United Pyrites Company's Works are situated about three quarters of a mile from Spargo Brothers, and are on the northern side of the Marong road, in Pinch-gut Gully. Two processes are followed at these works, viz., the amalgamating process and the treatment by means of chlorine gas. The latter is called the Newbery-Vautin system, and the mode pursued is that laid down by Mr. Cosmo Newbery and Mr Vautin, whose names have been given to the process. Mr. Edwards manages these works. Three reverbatory furnaces are used to roast the pyrites, which is weighed in the truck before being put into the furnaces. At this weighbridge a sample of each lot is kept, and if the yield is not equal to expectation, the works are carefully gone over to see where the fault occurs. Care is taken at the furnace to regulate the heat, otherwise the pyrites might slag instead of roasting evenly right through. An immense revolving furnace (made of boiler iron) was used at these works. It was found to be suitable for treating blanket sand, but was not a success for roasting coarse pyrites. The process of amalgamating by means of Chilian mills is the same in these works as at the Western Works, but the United Works are on a larger scale, and eleven mills are utilised. It is the chlorine gas process which is most interesting here. The gas is made from sulphuric acid, black oxide of manganese, and common salt, and the gas is introduced into huge vats, where it works its way through a filter of pieces of quartz and then through the bed of roasted pyrites lying above. The action of the gas transforms the gold into chloride of gold. This is easily dissolved in water, and in that form is drawn off into huge delf jars, where the use of sulphate of iron precipitates the gold to the bottom. A small battery—eight head of stamps in two boxes—is in use here to crush small consignments of stone sent for trial. Test crushings come from all the Australasian colonies, and even from India. The jars used are manufactured at Epsom, and some of the salt used is also of home manufacture, from the Salt Lakes on the Northern plains. Mr. Edwards took us over a new building in course of erection, and in which the chlorine gas is to be generated in the midst of the pyrites— a still further advancement in the new process. There is some very good machinery in this new building, and the tailings from the ordinary pyrites works will also be treated by this chlorine gas system, which has been found to work well at Mount Morgan, in Queensland. The purest of gold is obtained by this process, the gold passing in solution into a charcoal filter, from which it emerges in the shape of metallic gold. We saw some nice cakes of retorted gold at the works. One of 26oz. was from some New Zealand pyrites (2½ tons), and assayed over 23 carats. There were also cakes of Avoca gold, of silver, and of the tremulous amalgam." (The Argus, 4 February 1887)Two handwritten letters to the Ballarat School of Mines on Bendigo United Pyrites Company Letterhead.bendigo united pyrites company, pyrites, ballarat school of mines, j.j. deeble, joel deeble, joel james deeble, a.m. dean, fred j. martell, martell, s.h. cowan, letterhead

Copy of a black and white photo of the Long Gully Methodist Cricket Team approx 1946. The team are wearing cricket whites. Three men are wearing dark suits. One man in the centre is holding a shield and two others are holding a cricket bat. Written on the back - L - R Back Row. Colin Neyland, Reg Tyrrell, Ken Harding, Stan Meredith, George Thomas, Bill Rowe, Martin Niemann, George Ellis, Noel Evans. Front Row L - R. Max Grenfell, Jack Werry, Jack Davey, Kieth Higman, (Tim) Harold Salter. Long Gully Methodist Cricket Team approx 1946. Donated by Alan Crossley 1985. The page with the photo and a page with the names are stapled together.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - long gully methodist cricket team approx 1946, cloin neyland, reg tyrrell, ken harding, stan meredith, george thomas bill rowe, martin nieman, george ellis, noel evans, max grenfell, jack werry, jack davey, kieth higman, (tim) harold salter, alan crossley

Kaolin is also known as china clay. This specimen came from Dunolly, Victoria and was donated to the Museum in 1868 as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria. This survey helped map and study the geology of Victoria. In Victoria, Kaolin is particularly used as a filler and coating material in paper manufacture. It can also be used in paints, ceramics, rubbers and plastics. There are many kaolin deposits in Victoria but many of these have been mined out and there is not much Kaolin left. Rocks that have a high amount of Kaolinite and it can be formed through the decomposition of other materials. There are two types of Kaolin; hard and soft kaolin. Soft kaolin's are coarse but have a soapy texture. It can also break easily. The hard kaolins have an earthly texture and are finer grained. This means that they are harder to break, unlike the soft kaolin. Hard kaolin's are formed by flocculation in salt water, a process that in basic terms, bonds particles together. Kaolin is a common material in Victoria and that is why it is significant. While this specimen was mined in Dunolly, Victoria Kaolin can also be found Pittong, Pakenham, Bulla, Hallam and Ballarat as well as many other places throughout Victoria. This specimen represents the presence of Kaolin deposits in this region of Australia. It is also significant because Kaolin has many uses and is largely beneficial to many manufacturing processes in Victoria. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.Two pieces of Kaolinite mineral with shades of white and graygeological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, kaolin, china clay, dunolly, geological survey of victoria, kaolinite, victoria, mining, mining deposits, geology of victoria, australia, filler, coating material, paper manufacture, paint, ceramics, rubbers, plastics, decomposition, materials, soft kaolin, hard kaolin, flocculation, particles, salt water

Lightweight cardboard posterThe Grand Finale of the Ringwood Eisteddfod on Friday, Sept. 12th (1969) at 8 p.m., in the Ringwood Town Hall will launch the Ringwood Festival of Arts with Band Recital, Film Festival, Bruce Morrow Ballet, One-Act Play Festival, Victorian Junior Symphony Orchestra. Season tickets available from G. Salter, 870-7850 - Mrs. S. Smart, 870-4351 -Stoney's, Ringwood Mrs. J. Bradley, 870-8472.

Common soap was made from mixing animal fat with potash a form of the potassium based alkali present in plant and wood material. Early settlers, made their own soap from the waste fats and ashes they saved from their daily work. They did not then have to rely on waiting for soap to be shipped from England and waste their goods or money in trade for soap. In making soap the first ingredient required was a liquid solution of potash commonly called lye. Animal fat, when removed from the animals during butchering, must be rendered to remove all meat tissues and cooking residue before soap of any satisfactory quality can be made from it. To render, fats and waste cooking grease were placed in a large kettle with an equal amount of water. Then the kettle was placed over the open fire outdoors, because the smell from rendering the fats was too strong to wish in anyone's house. The mixture of fats and water were boiled until all the fats had melted. After a longer period of boiling to insure completion of melting the fats, the fire was stopped and into the kettle was placed another amount of water about equal to the first amount of water. The solution was allowed to cool down and left over night. By the next day the fats had solidified and floated to the top forming a layer of clean fat. All the impurities being not as light as the fat remained in water underneath the fat. In another large kettle or pot the fat was placed with an amount of lye solution ( known by experience ). This mixture was boiled until the soap was formed - 6-8 hours - a thick frothy mass, and a small amount placed on the tongue caused no noticeable "bite". The next day a brown jelly like slippery substance was in the kettle and this was 'soft soap' . To make hard soap, common salt was thrown in at the end of the boiling and a hard cake of soap formed in a layer at the top of the pot. But as salt was expensive most settlers used 'soft soap',. The soap could be scented with oils such as lavender for personal use. These 3 cakes of home-made soap are examples of the self sufficiency of the early settlers as they had to be self reliant ,growing food and making and mending their own farm equipment, tools and clothes while establishing their market gardens in Moorabbin Shire3 cakes of home-made, white hard household soap. 1 cake of soap eaten by a brush tailed possum when he entered the Cottage via the chimney 27/4/2014soap making, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, moorabbin, brighton, dendy's special survey 1841. kitchen equipment, laundry equipment, bentleigh

Max COWARD ( -1991) Born Ballarat Max Coward was training to be an art teacher at the Ballarat Technical Art School from 1937 to 1941. He enlisted in the A.I.F. and was a Naval Trainee at Flinders Naval Depot in 1941. During these years Max Coward was described as a cartoonist and illustrator, and was was attached to the Naval Intelligence Division in 1945, producing stories and drawings for the Navy newspaper Dit. His work was reproduced in the Christmas annual, HMAS Mk IV and the Army educational journal, Salt. He was a foundation staff member at the Burwood Teachers' College art department when it opened at Box Hill in 1954, transferring to the Burwood Campus in 1955. Upon his retirement he moved to Queensland to start a graphic arts consultancy. Coward was active as a printmaker during the 1970s. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 1000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Framed limited edition linocut by Max Coward. 'Hen Party' uses simplified forms reminiscent of the shapes gracing 'moderne' interiors of the 1950s and 1960s. The simplification of form and decorative pattern achieved through repetition shows the influence of Paul Klee's work and imagery. lls 'Hen Party' lower centre edition '8/28' lrs 'Max Coward 64' art, artwork, max coward, printmaking, alumni, hens, linoprint, linocut

The business was specialised in making salt-glazed stoneware articles, including utilitarian or decorative bottles, jugs and jars, much of it intended for inns and pubs. The backbone of the business was a wide range of utilitarian wares, mostly stone wares, including storage jars, tankards and the like, and later extending to pipes for drains, lavatories and other bathroom ceramics. From 1853 to 1902 its wares were marked Doulton & Co., then from 1902, when a royal warrant was given, Royal Doulton. The company always made some more decorative items, initially still mostly stoneware, and from the 1860s the firm made considerable efforts to get a reputation for design, in which it was largely successful, as one of the first British makers of art pottery. Initially, this was done through artistic stoneware's made in Lambeth, but in 1882 the firm bought a Burslem factory, which was mainly intended for making bone china table wares and decorative items. An early utilitarian stoneware item made by a well-known company that specialised in making salt-glazed items that later earned a reputation for making stoneware art objects. brown glazed earthenware bottle, circular grooves at throat of bottle x 3, cylindrical shape, narrow neck, makers stamp on side, large chip at opening, multiple small chips on sides. no stopper. paper label taped to front -Baked clay jar unearthed during demolition of the Edward Wilson Wing 1999 Doulton Lambeth stamp base of front - makers mark. label -paper label taped to front -Baked clay jar unearthed during demolition of the Edward Wilson Wing 1999ahnl, edward wilson wing alfred hospital, baked clay jar

The 1960 Quadrangle magazine committee were Kelvin Whitford, Bill Heywood, Ken Delayney, Daryl Burt, John Cornish, John McDonald, Ross Gray, and Messrs I. Chisholm and N. Watkins.Salmon coloured soft covered magazine of 46 pages. Contents include: Villiers Internal Combustion Engine, Geelong, School Song, Death of W.J. Paterson, Old Boys Newsletter (Keith Rash), Pine plantation. Robert Champneys, Air Training Corps, Mothers' Club Images include: R. Watson (headmaster), staff, prefects, tennis court, Peter Trezise, Doug Rash, Wong Chik Min, John Gilbert, John McDonald, Ray Bilney, Denis Moy, John Crawley, Roberto Venier, Reijo Karvinen, Cheetham Salt Works; Graeme Cummins, Gerald Kessel, James Colligan, Alan Everett, David Newman, Air Training Corps, Ken Wach, Athletics team, Tunnel Ball Team, Cross Country Team, Basketball Team, Softball Team, Football Team, Swimming team, Cycling Team, Cricket Team, ballarat junior technica school, ballarat school of mines, whitford, watson, paterson, w.j. paterson, george cornell, franklin, tresize, prefects, tennis court, peter trezise, doug rash, wong chik min, john gilbert, john mcdonald, ray bilney, denis moy, john crawley, roberto venier, reijo karvinen, cheetham salt works, graeme cummins, gerald kessel, james colligan, alan everett, david newman, air training corps, ken wach, athletics team, tunnel ball team, cross country team, basketball team, softball team, football team, swimming team, cycling team, cricket team, r. watson, kelvin whitford, bill heywood, ken delayney, daryl burt, john cornish, ross gray, william paterson obituary, ron kirner, keith rash, air training cadets, i. pym, c. antonio, k. woodyatt, b. middleton, a. everett, b. clarke, d. riddiford, i. trembath, j. myers, l. goldsmith, p. chanler, p. edge, s. riddiford, r. cook, j. holt, k. fellows, d. coldicott, douglas rash, g. angow, n. jones, john dellaca, j. angwin, w. scanlon, m. chung, g. holt, r. bilney, w. carey, r. carmichael, b. mckinnon, n. bedggood, r. robinson, c. cunninham, r. grubb, l. skevington, g. cole, w. whiting, ronaldson-tippett, palmer bros, h. dubberley & son, m.b. john and hatersley limited, h.a. davis motor service, alexandria tea rooms

Bendigo Advertiser "The way we were" from Friday, June 25, 2004. Smiling students: Kangaroo Flat school No. 98. First grades 1-2 sit for a class photo in 1941. Back row: Bill Anderson, Harry Smith, Olive Dobbin, Heather Kelsey, Doreen Howard, Melva Hambridge, Florrie Salter, Laraine Lowe, Dennis Styles, Kevin Smith and teacher Glenis Hubble. Third row: Margaret Petherick, Gwen Hartley, Unknown, Beverly Swift, Enid Smith, Joy Pilcher, Shirley Edwards, Elaine Exon. Second row: Mick Kelsey, Ian Beckworth, Ken Bartels, Unknown, Rex Kelsey, Trevor Mathews, Brian Lalor, Bob Dobbin. Front row: Unknown, Alan Mathews, Richie Ellis, ? spark, Jack Lue, Ken Whittle, George Seeber.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

Program for the Kalianna School Debutante Ball held on Friday 3rd August 2007 at the Weerona Secondary College. Program is light grey with a purple sticker on an angle with the name on it. On white paper on the inside is the names of the debutantes and their partners and who they were presented to, Master of Ceremonies & Deb Set Co-ordinator, Chaperones, Compares, Music by Emu Creek Band, Flower Girl and Page Boy. Pasted on the back is a matching grey card thanking businesses and people who helped. Names are: Cr Kevin Gibbons, Debbie Gibbons, Lindy & William Lupo, Alison & Geoff Byron, Leon Scott, Debbie Price, Peter Burch, Cherryl Fyffe, Leon Scott, Emu Creek Band, Rebecca Nelson, Caleb Richardson, Charmaine Scown, Alicia Owen, Jessica Brereton, Nikita Riordan, Laura Semmens, Rebecca Apps, Chloe Gruber, Lauren Hawken, Amanda Anderson, Victoria Jelbart, Rachell Sutherland, Amy Roberts, Sally McMurtrie, Chevonne Strauch, Ben Holmes, Dean Snelson, Zac Flint, Tamati Poindestre, Brandon Kelly, Paul Drinkell, Adrian Brown, Chris Oojges, David Boyce, Josh Rosewall, Michael Semmens, John Wiktorek, Kane Wojcicki, Matthew Mitchell, Hairem Scarem, Grant Rule Menswear, Sean Walsh Photography, Mary Smith (Plant Exhibits), Anne Hastings (Deb Ball Seamstress), Debbie Price, Tracey Wojcicki, Glenys Jelbart, Pam Holmes, Rae Hall, Samantha Wearne, Kylie Salter, Cathy Brew, Judy Richards, Aileen Gilbee, Marie Loch, Noel & Lorna Thomas, Ron & Janette Moss, Tracey & Peter Wojcicki, Val & Neil Cartledge, Warwick Strauch, Kevin Salter, Grant King, Kay Tamblyn and Christine Smith.Weerona Secondary Collegeentertainment, dance, ball, peter ellis collection, kalianna school, weerona secondary college, cr kevin gibbons, debbie gibbons, lindy & william lupo, alison & geoff byron, leon scott, debbie price, peter burch, cherryl fyffe, leon scott, emu creek band, rebecca nelson, caleb richardson, charmaine scown, alicia owen, jessica brereton, nikita riordan, laura semmens, rebecca apps, chloe gruber, lauren hawken, amanda anderson, victoria jelbart, rachell sutherland, amy roberts, sally mcmurtrie, chevonne strauch, ben holmes, dean snelson, zac flint, tamati poindestre, brandon kelly, paul drinkell, adrian brown, chris oojges, david boyce, josh rosewall, michael semmens, john wiktorek, kane wojcicki, matthew mitchell, hairem scarem, grant rule menswear, sean walsh photography, mary smith (plant exhibits), anne hastings (deb ball seamstress), debbie price, tracey wojcicki, glenys jelbart, pam holmes, rae hall, samantha wearne, kylie salter, cathy brew, judy richards, aileen gilbee, marie loch, noel & lorna thomas, ron & janette moss, tracey & peter wojcicki, val & neil cartledge, warwick strauch, kevin salter, grant king, kay tamblyn, christine smith

This folder contains cards listing suppliers for the Warrnambool business, Swintons Pty Ltd. The cards date from the 1930s to the 1980s and contain information on the suppliers for seeds and farm requirements such as poultry pellets, calf food and stock salt. William and Ann Swinton migrated to Australia in 1854 and for a decade William Swinton worked as a builder and carpenter in the Warrnambool area, erecting many buildings, including the Wangoom Presbyterian Church. In 1865 he opened a shop in Timor Street, Warrnambool selling groceries, china, glass and hardware. By 1888 the business was known as William Swinton and Sons. Branch stores were opened in Cudgee, Nullawarre, Wangoom, South Warrnambool and West Warrnambool. After William died his son Robert became the first managing director of Swintons Pty Ltd. In 1934 the business split, with George Swinton and Sons selling furnishings, clothing and glassware and Swintons Pty Ltd selling seeds, hardware and produce. Today the Swinton family still operates a furniture and bedding store in Timor Street. This ledger is of interest as one from the Swinton business in Warrnambool. It gives us an idea of the items sold by Swintons Pty Ltd over a fifty-year period in the 20th century and will be very useful to researchers. The current Swinton business in Timor Street is the oldest family business in Warrnambool and, with the Swinton name associated with businesses in Timor Street, Warrnambool for 152 years, it is among the oldest family businesses in Australia. This is a black Kalamazoo folder made of thick board covered with material (leather?). The material is worn at the edges. The folder has a metal insert affixed with metal studs. The insert has thin metal wires strung across the inside. To these are affixed at the top with metal clips heavy-duty paper cards. There are two green cards with printed black material, one white card with printed blue material and the rest of the cards are yellow. The yellow cards are placed one under the other in a fan design. The yellow cards have printed red lines and printed titles and contain handwritten material, mostly in black ink. The cards, especially the green ones, are stained. ‘Kalamazoo-Acme Visible Card Books’swinton family warrnambool, history of warrnambool

Adrian Costa is the second of four brothers who grew up at Falls Creek, attended school there and at Mt Beauty and were members of the Falls Creek Race Club. He started skiing at the age of three. Costa started competing in moguls around age 16 and ‘specialised’ in this field two years later. In 1991 he entered in the International Youth Championships in Le Sauze, where he finished second. His impressive career included competing in the World Cup from 1992 until 2003, representing Australia in the Winter Olympics in 1992 Albertville, 1994 Lillehammer, 1998 Nagano and in 2002 Salt Lake City where he was given the honour of carrying the Australian Flag in the Opening Ceremony. In total, Adrian Costa made 126 World Cup starts between 1991 and 2003, placing 31 times in the top-10 and seven times in the top-5. After retiring from competitive skiing, he coached another future four time Olympian, Britt Cox.These images are significant because they depict a former Falls Creek skier and Australian Olympic athlete.This item includes two colour photos of Adrian Costa competing at Lillehammer Olympics and carrying the Australian Flag at the Opening Ceremony.australian olympians, adrian costa, mogul skier