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Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyTester Direct Current, mid 1900's
This tester was used between 1950 and 1980's. As part of the Occupation, Health and Safety requirements, equipment used to monitor the performance of electricity producing generators, regularly, hand held testers were used to check the insulation and the "earth" pin were up the the required operational levels. As the generators and their ancillary monitoring equipment was spread over a large area and cumbersome to service small hand held devices were required. These had to always be safe for the user to operate. A selected range of high quality meters were recalibrated every two years in the Meter and Calibration Laboratory at Yarraville(near Melbourne) This meter is very significant to The Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme because it was an integral part of maintaining the electricity producing water driven generators of the power stations. The reason why this meter was so essential is that provided the safety check on equipment used to monitor each Hydro Generator that they were complying within the grid network parameters. Grid parameters are set so that if there is an electrical fault on the system, that fault can be attended to with a very small change in the output stability of each generator. It is essential that the voltage of the network remain within the set limits. Generators are at Dartmouth, Mackay, Clover, West Kiewa, Yarrawonga, Cain Curran and three Power Stations in the Thornton area.This hand driven current generator produces 500 volts by winding the handle(on funnel curved side) to keep the voltage constant(one minute per test). The whole body is made from caste aluminium. One of the functions of this meter is to test the isolation resistance of any equipment being tested. This is to see if that equipment is safe to handle(no electrical shocks). The second function is to test the earth pin of any portable electrical equipment. The turn key on one side can direct which function is required(marked insulation or continuity). On the top side(enclosed in a glass fronted marked scale) is a continuity scale(top) and an insulation scale(bottom). This is covered , when not in use by "flip up" lid with manufacturer's details and name of the instrument. Opposite the winder are two screw tight knobs. One marked earth(left side) and one marked line(right side). On the top and next to the glass windowed scales in a post manufacture SEC Vic equipment equipment ID number. For carrying purposes there is chromed steel (fold together) handle.The bottom of the unit has two metal "feet" 150mm long by 114mm wideManufacturer's details on top side "MEG" underneath "INSULATION AND CONTINUITY TESTER" below this "constant 500 VOLT pressure" below this "REGISTERED MEG MEGGER TRADE MARK" below this "REG DESIGN NO. 690326" below this "UNITED KINGDOM PATENT Nos. 193746, 197178, 198182, 202062, 202398, 204649, 350715" below this "SUPPLIED BY THE GENERAL ELECTRIC Co. Ltd OF ENGLAND" below this "MAGNET HOUSE, KINGSWAY LONDON W.C.2" 'sec vic kiewa hydro scheme, alternate energy supplies, alpine feasibility studies temperature, rainfall -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyCase leather
This case was used between 1950 and 1980's. As part of the Occupation, Health and Safety requirements, equipment used to monitor the performance of electricity producing generators, regularly, hand held testers were used to check the insulation and the "earth" pin were up the the required operational levels. As the generators and their ancillary monitoring equipment was spread over a large area and cumbersome to service small hand held devices were required. These had to always be safe for the user to operate. A selected range of high quality meters were recalibrated every two years in the Meter and Calibration Laboratory at Yarraville(near Melbourne)This leather case contains a meter which is very significant to The Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme because it was an integral part of maintaining the electricity producing water driven generators of the power stations. The reason why this meter was so essential is that provided the safety check on equipment used to monitor each Hydro Generator that they were complying within the grid network parameters. Grid parameters are set so that if there is an electrical fault on the system, that fault can be attended to with a very small change in the output stability of each generator. It is essential that the voltage of the network remain within the set limits. Generators are at Dartmouth, Mackay, Clover, West Kiewa, Yarrawonga, Cain Curran and three Power Stations in the Thornton area.This carry case is made from leather hide and cloth covered cardboard insert. The front side has a lockable English made suitcase fitting. It has a broken carry strap (leather) travelling from top and through leather strap holders both sides and on the bottom of the case. A State Electricity Commission of Victoria identification tag riveted onto the top lid "ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SECTION No. 1483"sec vic kiewa hydro scheme, alternate energy supplies, alpine located electricity generators, mobile measuring equipment -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyTins - Tobacco (Lucky Hit) x4, Mid to late 1900s Possibly c1910
The British Australasian Tobacco Co. (based in Melbourne and Sydney. The parent company was founded in England, circa 1902). This item "Lucky Hit" was the fore runner of the "Lucky Strike" brand name. The ready rubbed tobacco held within the tin was mainly used by those smokers who rolled their own cigarettes. These smokers would have mainly used their palm and formed a cup then placing their choice of the amount of tobacco to be rolled. This would then be placed on the fine cigarette paper and rolled and sealed (using saliva in the mouth) into the required shape. There were mechanical "roll you own" gadgets on the market but most rural users, especially males used their palms. The quantity of tobacco used to make up the cigarette was up to the individual user. The thinner that the cigarette was rolled the longer and more economical did the supply last. The by -products of this method were nicotine stained fingers and hands. "Chain" smokers were easily identified and could therefore be discriminated against obtaining smoke sensitive employment. The two world wars (1914-18 and1939-45) produced a significant rise in the consumption of cigarette use by men and the eventual overflow to women. Cigarette smoking before the 1900s was seen as rough and uncouth (socially frowned upon), however after the introduction of overseas films (U.K. and U.S.A.) and film stars presenting smoking as socially acceptable the rise of smoking cigarettes, especially roll you own (American western movies) in rural areas was an accepted way of life. Things however started to change in the mid 1900s when medical evidence pointed to the health problems of regular smokers. Governments were now implementing non smoking education material. Restrictions on where and when smoking was permitted and acceptable started to creep into all areas of society whether city or rural. This was the era that highlighted the use of roll your own cigarettes, especially when the costs of "tailor made" cigarettes were taxed at an increasing amount. Roll your own cigarettes also provided an avenue for the consumption of illicit drug use.The significance of this ready rubbed tobacco tin to this rural region is, stems from how much influence that the Western novels and overseas films (portraying rural lifestyles) played in shaping the rural social and working mores of the Kiewa Valley. The post war depression (financially) resulted in more smokers turning away from expensive machine (tailor) made cigarettes to the roll your own, using ready rubbed tobacco. This tobacco tin relays a long ago era, when personal contact, and not something that has been written down by some "unknown", was valued as the true appraisal of a member of the community. This was especially relevant in a small regional area such as the Kiewa Valley. Although social networking was not as fast then as the internet provides now, appearances, manners, fashion and etiquette with first impressions high on the order of evaluating someone in the community. Pointer such as the brand of tobacco smoked was part of the rural assessment method. Up until the demise of the Australian Tobacco Industry, circa 2004, the Kiewa Valley and surrounding district was part of a vibrant producer of tobacco leaves. The remnants of this industry still remain today but the drying sheds (for tobacco leaves) are now used to store hay for the valley's dairy and beef cattle industries. Tins 2,3 and 4 were found (in 2009) at Wallace's Hut on the Bogong High Plains. This tobacco tin is constructed from tin plated thin rolled steel. The lid is attached by two pressed and formed (from the main frame) hinges using the nip and tuck construction method. The lid and outside frame have been gold & silver anodised. Tins 2,3 and 4 have the Union Jack on the front lid. One is too rusty to read. The other two have "A blend containing choice selected Australian grown leaf" in white across the bottom on the red border and above the "2oz net weight when packed". In the centre and on the outside of the lid and surrounded by a reproduction of the "Union Jack" is stamped, "Lucky Hit Tobacco" within these words are also stamped "Ready Rubbed". The bottom of the lid is stamped (in smaller script) "2oz NET WEIGHT WHEN PACKED" and underneath this and on the rim of the lid is "THE BRITISH AUSTRALASIAN TOBACCO CO. PTY. LTD. MELBOURNE" on the inside of the lid and stamped in black print on a gold anodised lid is " NOTICE "(underlined) "Every tin of genuine "Lucky Hit has the name of the Manufacturing Company printed on wax paper lining; also on the band or wrapper with which the tin is sealed. THE BRITISH-AUSTRALIAN TOBACCO CO. PTY. LTD., MELBOURNE" and underneath this and underlined is " None genuine without the band or wrapper" On the hinge side of the lid is "LUCKY HIT READY RUBBED TOBACCO" Tins 2,3 and 4 Vary to the above inscription.roll your own, cigarette tins, smoking accessories, personal effects, tobacco containers, tobacco -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyTin Tobacco, Mid to late 1900s
The British Australasian Tobacco Co. (based in Melbourne and Sydney. The parent company was founded in England, circa 1902). This item "HAVELOCK" is one of many ready rubbed tobacco tins produced by the British Australasian Tobacco Company.The ready rubbed tobacco held within the tin was mainly used by those smokers who rolled their own cigarettes. These smokers would have mainly used their palm and formed a cup then placing their choice of the amount of tobacco to be rolled. This would then be placed on the fine cigarette paper and rolled and sealed (using saliva in the mouth) into the required shape. There were mechanical "roll you own" gadgets on the market but most rural users, especially males used their palms. The quantity of tobacco used to make up the cigarette was up to the individual user. The thinner that the cigarette was rolled the longer and more economical did the supply last. The by -products of this method were nicotine stained fingers and hands. "Chain" smokers were easily identified and could therefore be discriminated against obtaining smoke sensitive employment. The two world wars (1914-18 and1939-45) produced a significant rise in the consumption of cigarette use by men and the eventual overflow to women. Cigarette smoking before the 1900s was seen as rough and uncouth (socially frowned upon), however after the introduction of overseas films (U.K. and U.S.A.) and film stars presenting smoking as socially acceptable, the rise of smoking cigarettes, especially roll you own (American western movies) in rural areas was an accepted way of life. Things however started to change in the mid 1900s when medical evidence pointed to the health problems of regular smokers. Governments were now implementing non smoking education material. Restrictions on where and when smoking was permitted and acceptable started to creep into all areas of society whether city or rural. This was the era that highlighted the use of roll your own cigarettes, especially when the costs of "tailor made" cigarettes were taxed at an increasing amount. Roll your own cigarettes also provided an avenue for the consumption of illicit drug use.The significance of this ready rubbed tobacco tin to this rural region is, stems from how much influence that the Western novels and overseas films (portraying rural lifestyles) played in shaping the rural social and working mores of the Kiewa Valley. The post war depression (financially) resulted in more smokers turning away from expensive machine (tailor) made cigarettes to the roll your own, using ready rubbed tobacco. This tobacco tin relays a long ago era, when personal contact, and not something that has been written down by some "unknown", was valued as the true appraisal of a member of the community. This was especially relevant in a small regional area such as the Kiewa Valley. Although social networking was not as fast then as the internet provides now, appearances, manners, fashion and etiquette with first impressions high on the order of evaluating someone in the community. Pointer such as the brand of tobacco smoked was part of the rural assessment method. Up until the demise of the Australian Tobacco Industry, circa 2004, the Kiewa Valley and surrounding district was part of a vibrant producer of tobacco leaves. The remnants of this industry still remain today but the drying sheds (for tobacco leaves) are now used to store hay for the valley's dairy and beef cattle industries.This tobacco tin is constructed from tin plated thin rolled steel. The lid is attached by two pressed and formed (from the main frame) hinges using the nip and tuck construction method.The lid and outside frame have had a green "weave" pattern anodised to the metal.On the outside of the lid and at the top left is stamped, in gold coloured letters "HAVELOCK". The bottom of the lid is stamped (in smaller script) "READY RUBBED TOBACCO" and below this in smaller lettering "2oz NET WEIGHT WHEN PACKED". On the rim of the lid is "THE BRITISH AUSTRALASIAN TOBACCO CO. PTY. LTD." Inside of the lid and stamped in black print on a gold anodised lid is "Every tin of genuine HAVELOCK Ready Rubbed Tobacco has the mane Havelock printed on the paper lining, and also on the band or wrapping sealing the tin. On the hinge side of the lid is "HAVELOCK READY RUBBED"roll your own, cigarette tins, smoking accessories, personal effects, tobacco containers -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyTin Tobacco / Cigarette, Circa 1900s
This particular brand of tobacco (State Express 555) was first made in 1915, and was most popular in Asia and China. The number triple 5 was mooted as a sacred number, and may have contributed to its high level of demand by Asian smokers. This would have been a favourite "smoke" for the Chinese emigrants, and especially those who settled in rural areas of Australia. In the era where 'male' type of activities such as motor racing, were sponsored by tobacco companies, roll your own cigarettes was ingrained as a macho male requirement. It was only in the early 2000s, when cigarette advertising had greater restrictions attached to the product, that the roll your own, and cigarettes in general, became less "cool". This particular cigarette tin would have also been useful for roll your own (ready rub tobacco)The significance of this particular Qantas cigarette tin to this rural region is that it demonstrates that overseas travel by plane was not only for the affluent city dweller but also available, and not impossible to the inhabitants of the Kiewa Valley. This cigarette tin also may hint that the influx of Asian immigrants into this region where able to visit relatives back in Asia without too much effort. The use of a Qantas cigarette tin in the Kiewa Valley also suggests a degree of affluent there or tourists from elsewhere. This tobacco tin relays a long ago era, when personal contact, and not something that has been written down by some "unknown", was valued as the true appraisal of a member of the community. This was especially relevant in a small regional area such as the Kiewa Valley. Although social networking was not as fast then as the internet provides now, appearances, manners, fashion and etiquette with first impressions high on the order of evaluating someone in the community. Pointer such as the brand of tobacco smoked was part of the rural assessment method. Up until the demise of the Australian Tobacco Industry, circa 2004, the Kiewa Valley and surrounding district was part of a vibrant producer of tobacco leaves. The remnants of this industry still remain today but the drying sheds (for tobacco leaves) are now used to store hay for the valley's dairy and beef cattle industries.This tobacco/cigarette tin is constructed from tin plated thin rolled steel. The lid is attached by two pressed and formed (from the main frame) hinges using the nip and tuck construction method.The outside lid and frame has a yellow colour anodised to the metal.On the front of the lid are the following printed: "STATE EXPRESS" ,in yellow print, and below this are two horizontal lines in brown and central to these are the numbers "555" . Below this appears and within a 'royal' crest, in yellow writing on a brown circular background "STATE EXPRESS". Below this, in brown print, "PICCADILLY, LONDON". On each side of the tin are printed in brown colour: front side" ARDATH TOBACCO CO. LTD. PICCADILLY, LONDON" . On the left and right sides are printed in brown colour "20 STATE EXPRESS 555". On the rear side is with smaller print "MANUFACTURED UNDER ARRANGEMENTS WITH THE POPRIETORS". On the inside of the lid printed in red colour, are the following words, the royal crest and sketch of the winged kangaroo(symbol of the QANTAS logo). Within a red elongated square border, are the Royal Crest and in very small red print "BY APPOINTMENT TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN" underneath in slightly larger print "STATE EXPRESS" The print underneath this and in smaller print is "CIGARETTE MANUFACTURERS ARDARTH TOBACCO CO. LTD." Next to the royal crest and in much larger print is "STATE EXPRESS" and underneath this ,the numerals 555 with the words "CIGARETTES" below. The lower half of the inside lid has the following words and the "flying" kangaroo(winged). These words in written (running free hand) style "Specially packed for QANTAS(in red print). Underneath and in smaller print is "AUSTRALIA'S OVERSEAS AIRLINE". On the bottom of this tobacco tin is stamped into the metal surface, the number"704"qantas supplied cigarettes, roll your own, cigarette tins, smoking accessories, personal effects, tobacco containers, tobacco -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyTin Tobacco, early to mid 1900s
This early tobacco tin was manufactured in England and imported to the "colony" Australia at the beginning of the 1900s. This manufacturer had won the Gold Medal at the Liverpool International Exhibition in 1884. This tobacco would have therefore been very expensive to purchase making it a must for the wealthier client of the Kiewa Valley. The Golden Flake Cavendish smells of the man of wealth and position. In this era the type of dress and the brand of tobacco smoked showed everyone at first glance where the man using it was on the social ladder and his pecking order. With the demise of tobacco smoking in the early 2000s clothes themselves do not show the pecking order in that quickly visualised manner, as at the time of manufacture of this tobacco tin. In the 21st century the level that men are in the socio economic field is realized on "the social information" available on the internet.This tobacco tin relays a long ago era, when personal contact, and not something that has been written down by some "unknown", was valued as the true appraisal of a member of the community. This was especially relevant in a small regional area such as the Kiewa Valley. Although social networking was not as fast then as the internet provides now, appearances, manners, fashion and etiquette with first impressions high on the order of evaluating someone in the community. Pointer such as the brand of tobacco smoked was part of the rural assessment method. Up until the demise of the Australian Tobacco Industry, circa 2004, the Kiewa Valley and surrounding district was part of a vibrant producer of tobacco leaves. The remnants of this industry still remain today but the drying sheds (for tobacco leaves) are now used to store hay for the valley's dairy and beef cattle industries.A dark metal tobacco tin covered in a bright metallic gold fleck pattern with a black frame on the lid around a drawing of a woodsman with a musket and axe sitting on a stump overlooking a valley that reads "Pioneer Brand", next to a company seal incorporating a wreath, eagle and shield. The front side reads "Richmond Cavendish Co./ Limited/ Liverpool." and the right and left side "Golden Flake Cavendish". The bottom has the same woodsman feature as the lid. The back side is an elongated diagram featuring tobacco leaves and plant summit. Inside lid surface has a half torn coloured (red, black and green) sketch on paper of the woodsman scene depicted on the top lid.The following inscriptions are displayed on the top and inside lid and on the bottom tobacco tin: "PIONEER BRAND" and to the left of the scene the "SEAL OF THE COMPANY TRADE MARK" Both side of the ens have the following words in large thick print "GOLDEN FLAKE CAVENDISH" and each is contained withih a black boarder.pipe tobacco, cigarette tins, smoking accessories, personal effects, tobacco containers -
Eltham District Historical Society IncBook, Jacky Talbot, The banner habits of the Eltham tribes : Eltham Shire "as we are" Community Banner Project report / by Jacky Talbot, 1987
Also titled: Eltham Shire "As We Are"The 'As We Are' Community Banner Project was the first major Community Arts project initiated and co-ordinated through the resources of the Shire of Eltham. It was originally conceived and inspired by a local textile artist, Tracey Naughton, who, together with the Community Services Manager of this local government council, made the idea a very concrete and flourishing reality. As the following report reveals, the project grew from the original fourteen or so intending participant groups to fifty-seven banners; expressions of those diverse groups' interests and identities. As a first major project it was rightly felt by Tracey Naughton, who became the Shire's first Community Arts Officer in March 1985, that it should be fully documented, so that an appraisal of the extensive growth of this community arts development process could be assessed. Given the time and money available to do this the writer, Jacky Talbot, and her advisors, decided it was appropriate to select fifteen or twenty banners for detailed analysis. This was done by taping interviews with members of the chosen groups. The groups were chosen to cover all ages participating, from the toddlers in the Playhouse to our grand elder citizens in their Nursing Horne, and to cover a wide range of different types of groups - schools, scouts, churches, youth issue based, and the numerous women's groups of various combinations, localities and concerns. ·. Some groups who presented their banners for the culminating highlight of this project - the Exhibition, held at the Eltham Community Centre on October 9th, 1986, had no contact with the Shire or project co-ordinator, but heard about the project through the local news' networks or other participants. The extent of community participation was enormous. It involved hundreds and hundreds of people. It changed some people's lives, enlivened others. As a first step on a new road its success is notable. The 'As We Are' Community Banner Project took place in the Shire of Eltham and neighbouring environs for approximately 12 months, from October 1985. Paperback; 68, [10] leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. Two copiesflags, emblems, banners, eltham, shire of eltham, community -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and VillagePhotograph - Historical, maritime, Charles Nettleton, Mid-to-late 19th century
Photograph of Port Melbourne, typical scene of a large port in the 19th century, loading and unloading cargo from tall ships vial cranes and a network of rails and carriages.Photograph, black and white, framed, mounted on Masonite timber, behind glass. Several tall ships docked at a pier, with rails and carriages for cargo. Buildings on pier, small boats in water. Location is Williamstown, Melbourne. Victoria. Photographer is Charles Nettleton. Inscriptions below photograph and on backing board.Under matte at base of photo: "NETTLETON PHOTO" and "(undecipherable)" Handwritten on backing board "WILLIAMSTOWN, MELB., VIC."photograph, photo, flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, williamstown breakwater, breakwater, nettleton, charles nettleton, williamstown pier, 19th century williamstown -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and VillageWeapon - Cannon, mid to late 19th century
The history of the Thunderchild gun is not known. It was presumably manufactured in Torquay in the second half of the 19th century. Such guns were often attached to a ship’s rail through the holes in the swivel base, as in the base of this gun. The guns fired grapeshot and were originally used on ships to repel boarders. They were also used to launch whaling harpoons and were sometimes employed for signalling. The relatively late date makes the latter application most likely. This Thunderchild gun is complete with ramrod and wad remover. It is in good working order and easily assembled. It is used locally for special ceremonies and for Whaleboat Races as a starting gun. (Guns and Cannon, South Wester Victoria, May 2008, ref W/F/03) The small bore cannon is part of a collection of nineteenth century Flagstaff Hill Guns and Cannon, which is classified as being a high level of significance, on State, National and World The nineteenth century artillery pieces are a very rare and representative collection of artillery of this era. The artillery pieces, individually and as a collection, are highly significant for historical, scientific and aesthetic reasons at the state, national and world levels. The artillery pieces are excellent examples of nineteenth century artillery designed for the shore defence of western Victoria in the mid to late 1800s. The collection demonstrates the system of nineteenth century Imperial Defence implemented by Britain and of the recycling of obsolete technology to the colonies by Britain. The collection represents the methods of artillery technology, its advancement and its modifications in order to remain active. It also illustrates the transference of defence technology from Britain to Australia and demonstrates the level of reliance Australia had on British defence equipment. The artillery pieces form prominent elements in their landscapes and, together with the batteries and sites in which they are located, create a strong visual link to the region’s defence history. Importantly the artillery pieces, individually and as a collection, represent a very rare and intact group of nineteenth century artillery. Very few examples of nineteenth century artillery have survived worldwide, the largest collections being sited in Canada. The collection is a rare collection of artillery which demonstrates the advancements made in artillery technology during the nineteenth century, and is one of the largest collections of nineteenth century artillery in Australia. Further, the collection is extremely intact, with most pieces retaining original carriages and many located within their original emplacement. This collection of artillery, with their carriages and in their locations, are of exceptional national significance as they represent the largest intact collection of artillery within a single defensive network, outside of major colonial ports. The collection of nineteenth century carriages and slides are in themselves an extremely rare and important collection, however their significance is enhanced by their placements within batteries and with guns. (Conservation Management Plan for Victorian Guns and Cannon, South Western Victoria, May 2008) Cannon; small 1pdr cast iron, smooth bore muzzle loading swivel gun, painted glass black. 19th century cannon has polished wood handle, two detachable metal stirrups and metal swivel base with cuff, attached to block of wood by four bolts. Accessories are a wood tamper and wood ramrod. Name on gun is Thunder-Child, Torquay, Vic. There are Maker’s Marks on the gun and base, and a number on the cannon.. Marks; Barrel "Thunder/ Child". Base cuff " THUNDER / -CHILD / TORQUAY / VIC ", Trunnion "2825/H"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, cannon, torquay, thunder child cannon, thunderchild cannon, signal cannon, muzzle loading cannon, ordinance, munitions -
Eltham District Historical Society IncPhotograph, First steam train to Hurstbridge
A large group of men of varying ages stand on or beside the first steam train to Hurstbridge. Two hold children on their laps. A small group of seven boys also gather for the photo. The line opened on 2 January 1912 and was officially opened in June.The photo commemorates the culmination of many years of community and political agitation for the extension of the railway line. 100 years later the Hurstbridge railway line remains a vital part of Melbourne's public transport network. This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book, "Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.Digital image Also black and white copy of original mounted photo (broken) printed on glossy photographic paper 30.5 x 40.5 cm; image size approx. 18.5 x 28 cm (One of 36 photos (5 with duplicate prints) from Kevin Patterson of Nillumbik Historical Society, no captions, subjects largely unknown but mostly of Diamond Creek area and people.)sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, hurstbridge, steam train, railroads, group, hurstbridge railway line, steam engine, diamond creek, wattle glen, railway line -
Glen Eira Historical SocietyAlbum - Album page, Balaclava Road Tram Shelter, Circa 1972
This photograph is part of the Caulfield Historical Album 1972. This album was created in approximately 1972 as part of a project by the Caulfield Historical Society to assist in identifying buildings worthy of preservation. The album is related to a Survey the Caulfield Historical Society developed in collaboration with the National Trust of Australia (Victoria) and Caulfield City Council to identify historic buildings within the City of Caulfield that warranted the protection of a National Trust Classification. Principal photographer thought to be Trevor Hart, member of Caulfield Historical Society. Most photographs were taken between 1966-1972 with a small number of photographs being older and from unknown sources. All photographs are black and white except where stated, with 386 photographs over 198 pages. From Victorian Heritage Database citation H0174 TRAM VERANDAH SHELTER CORNER BALACLAVA AND ORRONG ROADS CAULFIELD NORTH - Vic Heritage Register https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/2721 (as at 28/10/2020) The waiting shelter at the corner of Balaclava Road and Orrong Road, Caulfield was constructed in 1916/17 for the Prahran and Malvern Tramways Trust and is one of only three remaining tram shelters in Melbourne designed in the form of a verandah. The shelter has a corrugated iron roof fixed to an angle iron roof frame. The roof, which extends in the form of a skillion over the pavement, is supported on three squared, chamfered timber posts at the rear and three cast iron reeded columns with round bases and Corinthian capitals at the front. (The columns are hollow and function as downpipes, with rainwater discharging from the verandah roof, through the columns and under the ground). The shelter has a rinceau pattern frieze along the road frontage with centrally placed shield motif (which does not contain a coat of arms). The side and rear panels are lined with ripple iron and the upper panel at the rear is lattice work. The shelter has two timber slatted bench seats.From Victorian Heritage Database citation for H0174 TRAM VERANDAH SHELTER CORNER BALACLAVA AND ORRONG ROADS CAULFIELD NORTH - Vic Heritage Register https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/2721 (as at 28/10/2020) How is it significant? The waiting shelter at the corner of Balaclava Road and Orrong Road, Caulfield is of historical and architectural significance to the State of Victoria. Why is it significant? The waiting shelter is of historical significance for its association with the development of the suburban (electric) tram network which assisted the expansion of Melbourne as a suburban metropolis. It is also of historical significance for its connection with the Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust. The Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust (1907-1920) was the first municipal electric tramway in Melbourne, becoming the largest and most successful of all the municipal tramway trusts. Its services played a key role in facilitating suburban expansion and the development of the southern and eastern suburbs. The growth of tramways was one of the greatest municipal developments in Victoria during the first decade of the twentieth century. The waiting shelter is an important remnant of this period of Melbourne's transport history and a tangible reminder of the Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust. The shelter indicates the extent of the Prahran & Malvern tram network. The waiting shelter at corner of Balaclava Road and Orrong Road, Caulfield is one of only three remaining tram shelters in Melbourne designed in the form of a verandah. The waiting shelter is of architectural significance for the distinctive design and construction which is unique to the Prahran & Malvern Tramway Trust tram network. The shelter was designed by notable Melbourne architect Leonard J. Flannagan (1864-1946). Flannagan was responsible for a number of buildings for the Prahran and Malvern Tramways Trust including the early waiting shelter at the junction of Dandenong Road and Hawthorn Road, Caulfield, and sections of the tram depot at Malvern, and also designed a depot for the Hawthorn Tramways Trust. The waiting shelter, a conservative design influenced by Victorian architecture, is based on the Melbourne City Council late 19th century standard cast iron verandah. It is of significance as an intact example of the cast iron type shelter and for its detail, including Corinthian columns and a 'rinceau' pattern cast-iron frieze. The shelter is largely in keeping with the original design and retains its integrity. The cast iron waiting shelter is also of significance as an unusual example of early twentieth century street architecture. Page 155 of Photograph Album with one landscape photograph of a tram shelter on Balaclava Road.Handwritten: BALACLAVA ROAD TRAM SHELTER [top] / 155 [bottom left]trevor hart, verandah, garden, grimwade house, grimwade, orrong road, balaclava road, melbourne grammar, melbourne grammar junior school, mgs, m.g.s, school, tram shelter, waiting shelter, prahran & malvern tramway trust, leonard j. flannagan, cast iron verandah, cast iron type shelter, corinthian columns, 'rinceau' pattern cast-iron frieze, rinceau, cast iron frieze, victorian style, caulfield north, leonard flanagan, cast iron work, prahran and malvern tramways trust, trams -
Glen Eira Historical SocietyDocument - CAULFIELD CITIZENS ADVICE BUREAU
This file contains 2 items: 1/Original copy of 17th Annual Report of city of Caulfield Citizens Advice Bureau September 1987. Report includes Agenda for the Annual General Meeting held at City Hall on Wednesday 30091987, list of office bearers, minutes of the previous AGM, election of Management Committee and presentation of Life memberships plus list of Legal Advice Service solicitors. 2/Original copy of Agenda and 25th Annual Report for Caulfield Citizens Advice Bureau Incorporated presented to the Annual General meeting on 30/08/1995 at Caulfield City Hall. Report includes financial statement F Y E 30/06/1995, details of President’s Report, minutes of previous AGM in 1994.caulfield, citizen’ advice bureau, meetings, caulfield city hall, annual report, grants, edwards mavis, hocking john, green carol, coad thelma, harry carol, hession dorothy, lambert sam, moorrees joyce, ravenscroft jean, rowland dorothy, tyrell audrey, snowball betty, telford nancy, jelleff jenny, kay yvonne, bannister jean, fooks john, allsop doris, bullivant trudy, capek irene, carr fred, cairncross gwen, gorden peg, daniels maurice, davey dulcie, gresham greta, gresham john, hicks margaret, hind lillian, jacombs ken, joseph marion, kinross jo, lukies arthur, lukies noela, mander clive, miles glad, moser ellen, popper irene, poynton ray, splatt betty, stewart may, telford nancy, wray shirley, watson beth, chapman john, felder ilse, helman anne, mccarthy marie, richardson elizabeth, steward derek, williams marcia, blacher rosa, heyman manfred, tanner ted mla, dunstan don. cr, martens veronika cr, legge mary, crossley rosemary, malvern citizens’ advice bureau, deal communication centre, child joan mp, macphee ian hon mp, shipton roger mp, mccutcheon andrew mla, campbell jack, mayor, mayoress, campbell mrs., rudzki brian cr, milne sandy, fusion, moyle gwen, westlake margaret, gild anne, herszfeld henry, lee alf, lee rae, peters leanie, pratt lillian, trumble joan, wise john, nicholls harry, grist molly, payne ruth, victorian association of citizens’ advice bureaus, emergency relief funds, community buses, sinisgalli john, aroni beni, chisholm john, erlichster george, folkers herman, jackson ross, kraus michael, lewis ray, oliver michael, romer andrew, simons adrian, smith simon, legal advice services, solicitors, budget advisory service, voluntary workers, sanders kathy, allan bill, bible richard, bilston ron, birch harry, coad laurie, durra frank, glass alf, gild ann, grew doreen, hawker harry, hollow neil, hingert lorna, jack ian, jones alf, mann gordon, mansfield joan, marks yvonne, menzies edna, ohis wil, powell dave, pate gwen, pentland dilys, simmons dianne, ward george, whitehead richard, wills anne, local government, aged people, bullen rose, culkan stephanie, dukes claire, klinger rosa, lambert douglas, sheehan jean, trodd carrie, brady vera, bristow joyce, byrne enid, cornall-reilly patience, cornall-reilly arthur, rowland alan, caulfield city council, hostels, elsternwick, caulfield festival, caulfield park, maple street, st. johns uniting church elsternwick, caulfield contract, regent community for the elderly, caulfield hospital, royal district nursing service, mence wendy, gubieski joanne, preston dennis, ross moya, hall chloe, patience geoff, o’reilly mary, wraight geoff, thompson john, britton cath, thompson laurel, ross erwin, chapman john, carnie elza, coutts fay, goodman dianne, groat shirley, mclean phyllis, may tallilah, o’neil barbara, rosauer tom, shmerling lane, wedgwood amanda, gartside sandy, bucker ille, anderson ian, bonvicin rita, bridges judy, brooks lisa, bull rita, chin simone, ethell margaret, coupe jilie, klinger rosa, hogan tamara, harcourt-king judaline, lipp jonathan, mclver ken, murphy francis, mueller britt, moray debra, pinter sarolta, mctwerrey kay, nicholas norma, rae nicolle, simmons shirley, sumner laurie, bevis phyllis, cader estelle, crerar dorothy, egan hazel, gregoric kerry, glouzman kon, johnston peter, kamer john, lalacona flora, law russ, lipovetsky sergey, moroney dawn, kieth parsonson, pierce lorna, strickland joan, hall michael, mcgregor allan, shalit barbara, symons ian, community information centre, victorian association of community information centres (vacic), st. giles presbyterian church murrumbeena, st. mary’s anglican church caulfield, st. patrick’s catholic church murrumbeena, caulfield-elsternwick ecumenical ministry network, ladies probus club of caulfield, donovan mrs., windley mrs., van der vlies mrs. p., gorden p., gorden g., city of caulfield, barrett james cr, gold nicholas cr, welsh heather cr, boyle barry, barker ann, crean simon m.h.r., oxenbould wenzel, ashton matthew, lawrence mark, holding c. m.h.r., asher l. m.l.c., brideson a. m.l.c., guest j. m.l.c., biggs e. cr, grossbard a. cr, rogers a., terry g., va.c.a.b., coburn d., rodgers j., kelly j., caulfield community care, trevorrow a., trevorrow d., gleeson j., carnegie resource centre, elsternwick library, milne d., lister i., stone marjorie, larkin mary, patience jean, volunteer aid service, monitoring and social support service, community transport service, caulfield citizen advice bureau incorporated, community organisations -
Federation University Historical Collection
Newspaper, The Courier, 06 May 2013, 06/05/2013
Ballarat newspaper with feature articles on the opening of the Museum of Australian Democracy at Eureka.the courier, ballarat courier, museum of australian democracy at eureka, m.a.d.e., ella hancock, ella howard, denic napthine, noah philp, lucy whitford, kirsten phillps, mary-anne gooden, justin gare, eureka flag, eureka flag conservation, shane howard, patrick howard, eureka stockade, nbn, national broadband network, clunes book town, norm hand, crocker -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet - Newsletter, University of Ballarat ISB News, 1996-1998
Six volumes of the University of Ballarat Information Services Branch.unitversity of ballarat, information services branch, computer support, remote connection, electronic copyright, print centre, frank russell, e.j. barker library, computer centre, student residences, email, gerry anderson, bill hitchens, julian callahan, lance duncan, junk email, gary walker, netconnect, cameron mcdonald, innopac, help desk, library catalogue networked, travan greenbank, aaron hill, walter taylor, rupert russell, stuart fraser, benjamin stickland, jacqui macmillan, paul mensch, computer services, digital printer, john stojanovski, electronic newspapers, pam goodfellow, remote access, sovereign hill, virtual museum of gold, heather mays -
Federation University Historical CollectionBook, State Electricity Commission, Serving Victoria. 50 Years of Service. State Electricity Commission of Victoria, 1969
A blue, soft, illustrated covered book.state electricity commission of victoria, anniversary, monash house, w.h. connolly, alexander fitzgerald, t.p. scott, b.j. callinan, yallourn, hazelwood power station, morwell power station, briquettes, morwell briquette works, water power, hydro-electric supply, rocky valley reservoir, electricity network, transmission statins, yallourn "w" power station, eildon reservoir -
Australian Commando Association - VictoriaBook, The Private War of the Spotters: A history of the New Guinea Air Warning Wireless Company, February 1942-April 1945
The history of the New Guinea Air Warning Wireless Company. This reprinted version contains a map of the dispositions of Spotting Stations August 1943, additional MID awards listed and some additions to the nominal roll. The New Guinea Air Warning Wireless Company was formed in Port Moresby in late January 1942 and was granted “Separate Independent Establishment” status in October 1943. The company’s “founding father” was Major Don Small, who had witnessed Japanese air raids on Rabaul and realised that having lacked an effective early-warning system around New Britain meant that the defenders were taken by surprise. At the time, gaps had also appeared in the coast-watching communications network because the territory administration ordered the withdrawal of civilian wireless operators when Japan entered the war. The first influx of men into the company consisted largely of volunteers from the 39th Infantry Battalion, which was stationed at Port Moresby. Initial training was rudimentary, hasty, and was sometimes even carried out on en route to a new station. The first party of company personnel, or “spotters”, left Port Moresby as early as 1 February 1942, bound for the strategically important Samarai area, at the tip of Papua. In the first month of the company’s existence 16 spotter stations were established on the coast of Papua and in the mountains around Port Moresby. At the end of 1942 there were 61 operational stations being run by 180 men. The company’s high-water mark was in late 1944, by which time over 150 stations had been set up in Papua and New Guinea behind enemy lines. On 3 February 1942 the company issued its first air warning in Papua, when spotters at Tufi saw Japanese aircraft about to attack Port Moresby for the first time. The following month the company was responsible for the first Japanese killed in action in Papua by Australian ground forces, when spotters from Gona engaged the crew of a downed Japanese bomber. And in July 1942 the station at Buna signalled Port Moresby with news of the Japanese landings in Papua, marking the beginning of the Kokoda campaign. The dangers involved in the company’s work had also been made clear by this time. In July 1942 a party of spotters attempting to set up a station at Misima Island, off Milne Bay, was intercepted by a Japanese destroyer, resulting in the company’s first operational losses. Anticipating the direction of the campaign as a whole, the company’s focus moved north and north-west over the three years of its existence. In May 1942 a network was set up in the Wau area in association with the activities of Kanga Force. As part of the Wau network, spotter Ross Kirkwood audaciously constructed an observation post overlooking the Japanese airstrip at Salamaua. Kirkwood’s position was photographed by Damian Parer on the understanding that the pictures would not be published. They nevertheless appeared in a Sydney newspaper. The day after the publication of the photographs the observation post was attacked by the Japanese and Kirkwood was lucky to escape. In June 1944 the company’s headquarters were moved to Nadzab. By that time, spotter stations existed behind Japanese lines, as far north as Hollandia, and the company began to train Americans to perform similar work in the Philippines. In early 1945 the company moved to Balcombe, Victoria, where its members were posted to other units of the Australian Corps of Signals.gray plasticnon-fictionThe history of the New Guinea Air Warning Wireless Company. This reprinted version contains a map of the dispositions of Spotting Stations August 1943, additional MID awards listed and some additions to the nominal roll. The New Guinea Air Warning Wireless Company was formed in Port Moresby in late January 1942 and was granted “Separate Independent Establishment” status in October 1943. The company’s “founding father” was Major Don Small, who had witnessed Japanese air raids on Rabaul and realised that having lacked an effective early-warning system around New Britain meant that the defenders were taken by surprise. At the time, gaps had also appeared in the coast-watching communications network because the territory administration ordered the withdrawal of civilian wireless operators when Japan entered the war. The first influx of men into the company consisted largely of volunteers from the 39th Infantry Battalion, which was stationed at Port Moresby. Initial training was rudimentary, hasty, and was sometimes even carried out on en route to a new station. The first party of company personnel, or “spotters”, left Port Moresby as early as 1 February 1942, bound for the strategically important Samarai area, at the tip of Papua. In the first month of the company’s existence 16 spotter stations were established on the coast of Papua and in the mountains around Port Moresby. At the end of 1942 there were 61 operational stations being run by 180 men. The company’s high-water mark was in late 1944, by which time over 150 stations had been set up in Papua and New Guinea behind enemy lines. On 3 February 1942 the company issued its first air warning in Papua, when spotters at Tufi saw Japanese aircraft about to attack Port Moresby for the first time. The following month the company was responsible for the first Japanese killed in action in Papua by Australian ground forces, when spotters from Gona engaged the crew of a downed Japanese bomber. And in July 1942 the station at Buna signalled Port Moresby with news of the Japanese landings in Papua, marking the beginning of the Kokoda campaign. The dangers involved in the company’s work had also been made clear by this time. In July 1942 a party of spotters attempting to set up a station at Misima Island, off Milne Bay, was intercepted by a Japanese destroyer, resulting in the company’s first operational losses. Anticipating the direction of the campaign as a whole, the company’s focus moved north and north-west over the three years of its existence. In May 1942 a network was set up in the Wau area in association with the activities of Kanga Force. As part of the Wau network, spotter Ross Kirkwood audaciously constructed an observation post overlooking the Japanese airstrip at Salamaua. Kirkwood’s position was photographed by Damian Parer on the understanding that the pictures would not be published. They nevertheless appeared in a Sydney newspaper. The day after the publication of the photographs the observation post was attacked by the Japanese and Kirkwood was lucky to escape. In June 1944 the company’s headquarters were moved to Nadzab. By that time, spotter stations existed behind Japanese lines, as far north as Hollandia, and the company began to train Americans to perform similar work in the Philippines. In early 1945 the company moved to Balcombe, Victoria, where its members were posted to other units of the Australian Corps of Signals.world war ii, special operations, new guinea, new guinea air warning wireless company -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Newsletter, CMHS Moorabbin Mirror Vol 7 August 2016, Moorabbin Mirror Vol 7 August 2016, August 2016
This is Vol. 7 of the Moorabbin Mirror produced by CMHS members Fran & Holger Bader , Valma Sharp in August 2016 The Moorabbin Mirror reflects the history and heritage of the former City of Moorabbin — derived from Mooroobin, ‘a resting place’ in the Bunurrung spoken language. In 1994, the City of Moorabbin was integrated into the Cities of Bayside, Glen Eira, Kingston and Monash. In this Issue This is Vol. 7 of the Moorabbin Mirror, Newsletter of CMHS August 2016A4 x 3 paper folded to A5 x 6pp with colour photographs. Moorabbin / Mirror / August 2016 Vol 7moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, open house melbourne 2016, wattle trees, robb andrew hon. mhr., goldstein vida, mckinnon kindergarten, kingston historical societies network, southern metro historical societies network, moorabbin aviation museum, -
Women's Art RegisterBook, Vivienne Binns, Community and the Arts. History. Theory. Practice.Australian Perspectives, 1991
Anthology of articles on the history and theory of community arts in Australia written by artists and artsworkers involved.Booknon-fictionAnthology of articles on the history and theory of community arts in Australia written by artists and artsworkers involved. community arts, collaborative practice, art history, political art, community arts network, aboriginal land rights -
Women's Art RegisterBook, David Humphries et al, The Mural Manual. A guide to community murals in Australia, 1982
An illustrated survey of public mural projects during the 1970's and 1980's in metropolitan and regional communities including feminist, Trade Union, and Indigenous projects.non-fictionAn illustrated survey of public mural projects during the 1970's and 1980's in metropolitan and regional communities including feminist, Trade Union, and Indigenous projects.murals, trade unions, women's murals, indigenous, urban art, political art, community arts, community arts network, eve glen, carol ruff, sarah macnamarra, barbary o'brien, community arts board, geoff hogg, ann newmarch, merilyn fairskye, catriona moore -
Women's Art RegisterBook, Gay Hawkins, From Nimbin to Mardi Gras. Constructing Community Arts, 1993
A study of the field of Community Arts in Australia and the history of the Community Arts Board.non-fictionA study of the field of Community Arts in Australia and the history of the Community Arts Board.community arts, art and working life, community arts board, community arts network, australia council, trade unions, murals, posters, activism, arts funding -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, Bettina Stagneth et al, Eichmann before Jerusalem: The unexamined life of a mass murderer, 2014
A total re-assessment of the life of Adolf Eichmann that reveals his activities and notoriety amongst a global network of national socialists following the collapse of the third Reich, and that permanently undermines Hannah Arendt's often-cited notion of the 'banality of evil'.Bibliography, index, notes, p.424.non-fictionA total re-assessment of the life of Adolf Eichmann that reveals his activities and notoriety amongst a global network of national socialists following the collapse of the third Reich, and that permanently undermines Hannah Arendt's often-cited notion of the 'banality of evil'. war criminals - germany - biography, world war ii, 1939-1945 - atrocities -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, Time Life Books, The secret war, 1988
Text and photographic essays tell of espionage in World War II: the spies, spy networks, codes, electronic eavesdropping, weapons and hoaxes used by both sides.Index, bibliography, ill, p.208.non-fictionText and photographic essays tell of espionage in World War II: the spies, spy networks, codes, electronic eavesdropping, weapons and hoaxes used by both sides. world war 1939-1945 - secret service, world war 1939-1945 - cryptography -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, The Text Publishing Company, The Pacific, 2010
Historian Hugh Ambrose deepens the experience of the HBO miniseries The Pacific, produced by Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks and broadcast on the Seven Network. These are the true stories of the men who put their lives on the line for their country, who were dispatched to the other side of the world to fight an enemy who preferred suicide to surrender; men who suffered hardship and humiliation in POW camps; men who witnessed casualties among soldier and civilian alike; and men whose medals came at a shocking price. Covering nearly four years of combat, with unprecedented access to military records, letters, journals, memoirs, photographs and interviews, this volume offers a unique historical perspective on the war against Japan-and ultimately the triumphant yet uneasy return home.Ill, map, p.449.non-fictionHistorian Hugh Ambrose deepens the experience of the HBO miniseries The Pacific, produced by Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks and broadcast on the Seven Network. These are the true stories of the men who put their lives on the line for their country, who were dispatched to the other side of the world to fight an enemy who preferred suicide to surrender; men who suffered hardship and humiliation in POW camps; men who witnessed casualties among soldier and civilian alike; and men whose medals came at a shocking price. Covering nearly four years of combat, with unprecedented access to military records, letters, journals, memoirs, photographs and interviews, this volume offers a unique historical perspective on the war against Japan-and ultimately the triumphant yet uneasy return home. world war 1939-1945 - campaigns - pacific area, world war 1939 – 1945 – personal narratives – united states -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Film - Film, DVD, Remembering Vietnam - the Wall at 25
vietnam veterans memorial (washington, d.c.), vietnam war, 1961-1975, united states, vietnam war, 1961-1975 - veterans - united states -
Moorabbin Air MuseumLetter (item) - TAA Network, Trans Australia Airlines Staff Magazine: TAA's look of the 80s
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National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)Book, Mangold, Tom and Penycate, John, The Tunnels of Cu Chi (softcover) (Copy 6)
One of the more remarkable but little known campaigns of the vietnam War was fought inside the 200 miles of secret tunnel networks around Saigon between Viet Cong guerrillas and special American forces known as "Tunnel Rats"One of the more remarkable but little known campaigns of the vietnam War was fought inside the 200 miles of secret tunnel networks around Saigon between Viet Cong guerrillas and special American forces known as "Tunnel Rats" guerrillas - vietnam - cu chi, vietnam war, 1961-1975 - vietnam - cu chi -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)Book, McAulay, Lex, Blue Lanyard, Red Banner: The Capture of a Vietcong Headquarters by 1st Battalion, The Royal Australian Regiment Operation CRIMP 8-14 January 1966. (Copy 3), 2005
In the Vietnam War the 'tunnel rats' became famous. It all began on 'Operation Crimp' in January 1966 when US paratroopers and Australian infantry and engineers captured a Vietcong headquarters, in an extensive network of tunnels, some going down to four or more levels, containing munitions and 100,000 documents.In the Vietnam War the 'tunnel rats' became famous. It all began on 'Operation Crimp' in January 1966 when US paratroopers and Australian infantry and engineers captured a Vietcong headquarters, in an extensive network of tunnels, some going down to four or more levels, containing munitions and 100,000 documents. 1961-1975- regimental histories - australian, operation crimp, vietcong, 1st battalion, the royal australian regiment -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)Book, Mangold, Tom and Penycate, John, The Tunnels of Cu Chi (softcover) (Copy 1)
One of the more remarkable but little known campaigns of the Vietnam War was fought inside the 200 miles of secret tunnel networks around Saigon between Viet Cong guerrillas and special American forces known as "Tunnel Rats".One of the more remarkable but little known campaigns of the Vietnam War was fought inside the 200 miles of secret tunnel networks around Saigon between Viet Cong guerrillas and special American forces known as "Tunnel Rats". guerrillas - vietnam - cu chi, vietnam war, 1961-1975 - vietnam - cu chi, tunnel rats -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)Book, Mangold, Tom and Penycate, John, The Tunnels of Cu Chi (softcover) (Copy 2)
One of the more remarkable but little known campaigns of the Vietnam War was fought inside the 200 miles of secret tunnel networks around Saigon between Viet Cong guerrillas and special American forces known as "Tunnel Rats".One of the more remarkable but little known campaigns of the Vietnam War was fought inside the 200 miles of secret tunnel networks around Saigon between Viet Cong guerrillas and special American forces known as "Tunnel Rats". guerrillas - vietnam - cu chi, vietnam war, 1961-1975 - vietnam - cu chi, tunnel rats -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)Book, Mangold, Tom and Penycate, John, The Tunnels of Cu Chi (softcover) (Copy 5)
One of the more remarkable but little known campaigns of the Vietnam War was fought inside the 200 miles of secret tunnel networks around Saigon between Viet Cong guerrillas and special American forces known as "Tunnel Rats".One of the more remarkable but little known campaigns of the Vietnam War was fought inside the 200 miles of secret tunnel networks around Saigon between Viet Cong guerrillas and special American forces known as "Tunnel Rats".guerrillas - vietnam - cu chi, vietnam war, 1961-1975 - vietnam - cu chi, tunnel rats
