Showing 185167 items matching "medicine-military-history-australia"
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National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Booklet, Australian Military Forces, Australian Military Forces: A Guide To The Content Of Standing Operating Procedures For Infantry Battalions 1969, 1969
A mottled blue coloured cover with black information on the front. Top right hand side reads DSM 7610-66-032-5156. Under the Australian Military Forces insignia are the etails of the booklet. Bottom left hand side there is a white label with 356.110 G94614 AUS on it. There are two punch holes down the left hand side and the booklet is coved with a plastic civer.australina military forces, infantry battalions, standing operation procedures -
Koorie Heritage Trust
Journal - Serials, Aboriginal History Incorporated, Aboriginal History - Volume 31. 2007, 2007
A series of articles by leading writers on Aboriginal History. The article on Aboriginal burials discusses the findings of various early explorers; anthropologists and observers on the burials and practices associated with death in south-eastern Australia.iii-vi; 214; 7 articles; notes and docs. .6; reviews 181-188P.A series of articles by leading writers on Aboriginal History. The article on Aboriginal burials discusses the findings of various early explorers; anthropologists and observers on the burials and practices associated with death in south-eastern Australia.aboriginal australians -- periodicals. | ethnology -- australia -- periodicals. | aboriginal burials - south-eastern australia., | grave artifacts - aboriginal burials south-eastern australia., | death rites and practices - aboriginals - south-eastern australia., | treaty - aboriginal australians - history. -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Book, Military Historical Society of Australia, Victorian Branch, Alfred N Festberg: Australian Army Insignia 1903-1966, 3:MMMM, 1967 (exact)
Illustrations of Australian Army Insignia 1903-1966. Compiled by Alfred N Festberg, Photography by Arthur G Genders Published by Military Historical Society of Australia, Victorian Branch, 1967.Inscribed by author: "To the Museum Alfred Festberg 9 Nov 78"australian army, insignia, badges, alfred n festberg, arthur g genders, miltary historical society of australia -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Badgesx7, Military " Australia"
These are Australian Army shoulder badges and appear to date from World War One. The curved AUSTRALIA insignia was frist used in 1902 and was worn by soldiers in both World Wars One and Two.These shoulder badges are an important memento of World war One and the part played in it by Australian soldiers..1. .2 Bronze inverted shallow arch enclosing AUSTRALIA The reverse has a two small rings through which a brass double pronged pin with loop at one end is passed. .3 As for .1 and .2 except that the reverse has two small brass pins inserted into the two rings. .4 Smaller but identical with .1,.2,.3 except that there is only one small brass pin inserted in one ring on the reverse. .5, .6,.7 Identical with .4 except there are no pins on the reverse.AUSTRALIA -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Glass, Medicine H London Chemist, Early 20th century
This is a small medicine measuring glass supplied by the Warrnambool pharmacy of Harry London. Born in England, Harry London, a chemist and dentist, came to Warrnambool in 1891, occupying the Nettleton building at 95 Liebig Street. In 1896 he built new premises at the corner of Liebig and Koroit Streets and in 1905 his was the first shop in Warrnambool to have electric lighting. He was succeeded in the early 1920s by the chemists, Dougall and Easton. This glass is of considerable significance because it came from the pharmacy of Harry London, an important chemist in Warrnambool at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It also shows the custom of the time of chemists supplying to customers small glasses for measuring out medicine. This is a small thick glass tumbler used for measuring medicine. It is etched with the measurements of teaspoon, dessertspoon and tablespoon and the name of the supplier, H. London, a Warrnambool chemist and dentist. It has the initials of the maker on the base. Etched on side in oval shape: ‘H. London, Chemist and Dentist, Warrnambool’ Etched on side: ……. Tea ……. Dessert ……. Table Etched on base: ‘W.T. Co., A J. U.S.A.’ harry london, warrnambool, dougall and easton, chemists -
Greensborough Historical Society
Magazine, Australia & New Zealand Inside History Magazine, Inside history March/April 2012 - (incomplete), 2012_03
Contains articles on a variety of historical topics in Australia and New ZealandColour and black and white illus.australia history, new zealand history, family history -
Federation University Art Collection
Painting, Gloria Petyarre, 'Bush Medicine' by Gloria Petyarre
Gloria PETYARRE (c.1942 - 2021) Born: Mosquito Bore, Utopia, Northern Territory Language Group: Anmatyerre Community: Utopia, Northern Territory Gloria Petyarre's depiction of the Kurrajong bush medicine leaves with her layered, swirling brushstrokes is her iconic motif. In 1999 Gloria Petyarre became the first Indigenous Australian artist to win the 'Wynne Prize for Landscape' at the New South Wales Gallery. She is credited with being the creator of this popular style, which was adopted and adapted by several generations of her family members over Gloria's retirement in 2019. The artistic tradition in Utopia started in the Utopia Women's Silk Batik Group introduced in 1977. Gloria Petyarre and her aunt Emily Karne Kngwarrye were found members of this group. Gloria Petyarre started painting on canvas in 1988 with her brushstrokes and layered paint having foundations in the batik tradition. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Utopian Art Movement‘Bush Medicine Dreaming’ depicts the leaves of a special plant that is used to aid in the healing process. The leaves are collected and then boiled to extract the resin. Following this, the resin is mixed with kangaroo fat collected from the kangaroo’s stomach. This creates a paste that can be stored for up to six months in bush conditions. This medicine is used to heal cuts, wounds, bites, rashes and as an insect repellent. The Dreaming that is the basis for Petyarre’s paintings comes from the important ceremonies and traditions held by the people of Atnwengerrp. art, artwork, gloria petyarre, aboriginal, utopia -
Bendigo Military Museum
Manual - Australian Defence Force - Military Geographic Information Encyclopedia, Information Strategic Concepts Branch of the Australian Defence Force Strategic Command Division, Directorate of Strategic Military Geographic Information, 27 Aug 1998
Military Geographic Information Encyclopedia in 3 Parts- Acronyms, Definitions, Web sitesSoft Film Cover, 3 Parts (Chapters), 77 Pagesroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, asr -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Booklet, Form of Service Authorised to be used at Parades of the Australian Military Forces, c. 1914
World War 1 Form of Service for Church Parade, Australian Armed Forces.Form of Service Prayer Book 23rd November 1914 Australian Military Forces, Authorised by..Printers Hyde and Townsend Limited, London. E.C.W. H. Osbourne , Major, Acting Secretary, Military Board, Melbourne, Victoria 23 November, 1914 Approved by The Chaplains-General, of the Anglican, Presbyterian . and MethodistChurches of the Commonwealth of Australia, and hereby Authorised to be used at all United Church Parades -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Colour Patch Display, Frontier Military History Services, Australian Light Horse Colour Patches of the 1st AIF 1915-1920 & AMF/CMF 1921-1940's, 24/07/2010
Display board of replica cloth colour patches, mounted in glass fronted wooden frame. Colour patches displayed are those of : 1st Cavalry Division HQ (CMF) Desert Mounted Corps HQ 2nd Cavalry Division HQ (CMF) HQ 1st Light Horse Brigade (AIF & CMF) HQ 2nd Light Horse Brigade (AIF & CMF) HQ 3rd Light Horse Brigade (AIF & CMF) HQ 4th Light Horse Brigade (AIF) HQ 5th Light Horse Brigade (AIF & CMF) HQ 4th Light Horse Brigade (CMF) HQ 6th Light Horse Brigade (CMF) 1st Light Horse Regiment / 1st Royal NSW Lancers 5th Light Horse Regiment / 5th Wide Bay & Burnett Light Horse 8th Light Horse Regiment / 8th Indi Light Horse Regiment 4th Light Horse Regiment / 4th Corangamite Light Horse Regiment 14th Light Horse Regiment / 14th West Moreton Light Horse Regiment 18th Adelaide Lancers 4th Light Horse Regiment / 1st Aust Div Mounted Regiment / 2nd ANZAC Mounted Regiment / 22nd Corps Mounted Regiment. 2nd Light Horse Regiment / 2nd Moreton Light Horse Regiment 6th Light Horse Regiment / 6th NSW Mounted Rifles 9th Light Horse Regiment / 9th Flinders Light Horse Regiment 11th Light Horse Regiment / 11th Darling Downs Light Horse Regiment 15th Light Horse Regiment / 15th Northern River Lancers 21st Riverina Light Horse 13th Light Horse Regiment / 2nd Aust Div Mounted Regiment / 1st ANZAC Mounted Regiment / Aust Corps Mounted Regiment / 13th Gippsland Light Horse Regiment 3rd Light Horse Regiment / 3rd South Australian Mounted Rifles 7th Light Horse Regiment / 7th Australian Horse 10th Light Horse Regiment / 10th Western Australian Mounted Infantry 12th Light Horse Regiment / 12th New England Light Horse Regiment 17th Prince of Wales Light Horse Regiment 22nd Tasmanian Mounted Infantry 11th Light Horse Regiment / 4th Aust Div Mounted Regiment / 24th Gwydir Light Horse Regiment 1st Machine Gun Squadron / 25th Light Horse (MG) 2nd Machine Gun Squadron / 16th Hunter River Lancers 3rd Machine Gun Squadron / 20th Victorian Mounted Rifles 4th Machine Gun Squadron / 26th Light Horse (MG) 5th Machine Gun Squadron / 19th Yarrowee Light Horse 23rd Barossa Light Horse Regiment 12th Light Horse Regiment / 5th Aust Div Mounted Regiment 1st Light Horse Field Ambulance 2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance 3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance 4th Light Horse Field Ambulance 5th Light Horse Field Ambulance 4th Signal Troop / 4th Light Horse brigade 6th Mobile Veterinary Section /1st Light Horse Brigade 7th Mobile Veterinary Section / 2nd Light Horse Brigade 8th Mobile Veterinary Section / 3rd Light Horse Brigade 9th Mobile Veterinary Section / 4th Light Horse brigade 10th Mobile Veterinary Section / 5th Light Horse Brigade 5th Signal Troop / 5th Light Horse Brigade 1st Signal Squadron / NZ & Aust Mounted Div Signal SquadronColour Patch Display No 39. Includes detailed notes about history, usage and design of colour patchesworld war one, ww1, army, aif, insignia, heraldry, light horse, militia, badges, colour patches, cmf -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Framed Picture of Australian Military Aircraft 1954 - 1971, Australian Military Aircraft
Picture of Australian Military Aircraft 1954 to 1971 The sixth and final war chart in the series reproducing the War Memorial mural painted by Harold Freedman. This concludes the 50th anniversary of the australian Airforce. Chart 6Pictorial history of Australian Military aircraft from 1954 to 1971Print in wooden glass frameAustralian Military Aircraft Donated by Pedro Pegan 2015military aircraft australia -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Functional object, Australian Military Forces - Pocket Book, South Vietnam
Part political doctrine, part tourist guide. Thousands of these pocketbooks were issued to Australian and New Zealand military personnel during the Vietnam War.Cover of small soft covered dark green booklet. Australian Military Forces/ Pocketbook/ South Vietnampocket book, vietnam war, army, notebook, australian army training team vietnam (aattv), aattv -
Bendigo Military Museum
Booklet - BOOKLETS VARIOUS, 1) 2014; .2) - .4) ??; .5) 2017
Lightweight cardboard covers, stapled, tape on spines. Black print on front. Facsimile, all cut, plain, white pages. No illustrations. .1) The Empire's Other ANZACS - The Ceylon Planters Rifle Corps. Beige booklet, 20 pages. .2) The Silver War Badge British Issues to Australian Imperial Force Members World War One. Orange booklet, 43 pages. .3) 1st Australian Imperial Force Members Deceased Subsequent to Embarkation Overseas and Prior to Discharge in Australia. White booklet, 7 pages. .4) Australian Prisoners of the Turks 1915 - 1918. White booklet, 4 pages. .5) Debarred Australian Military Force Members Debarred From Active Service World War One. Pink booklet, 25 pages..1) - .5) On title pages in black ink: “Neil Smith”booklets, various -
The 5th/6th Battalion Royal Victoria Regiment Historical Collection
Book, Pictorial History of Australia at War 1939 - 1945 5 Volumes, 1958
Set of 5 volumes bound with green material covers title "Pictorial History - 1939 - 1945 " gold lettering on spine. "Pictorial History - 1939 - 1945 "regimental property, ww2, pictorial history -
Nhill Aviation Heritage Centre
Book - Military Aircraft book, Military Aircraft of Australia. Author: Stewart Wilson . A comprehensive reference work on the aircraft which have proudly served Australia's armed forces through both war and peace
Blue background with sketches of military aircraft on covernon-fictiona comprehensive reference work on all australian military aircraft -
Bendigo Military Museum
Document - Australian School of Military Survey - Stereotemplets Precis, School of Military Survey, Balcombe, Unknown
A 6 x page foolscap sized precis, two hole punched and stapled produced by the Australian School of Military Survey discusses using Stereo templet triangulation of aerial photography to establish extra supplementary horizontal control positions. Triangulation using Stereo Templates is a method of achieving the horizontal scale solutions required for photogrammetric mapping procedures.A 6 x page foolscap sized precis, two hole punched and stapled. The precis does not have a protective coverNo "61" on the top LH Cornerroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, asr, sms -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Memorabilia - Realia, W.E. Kernot Chemist Stawell Medicine Measuring Glass, c1907
Small Medicine Glass with Table/ Desert/ Tea MeasureEmbossed Print: W.E. Kernot Chemist Stawell Table Dessert Tea (Measure)stawell -
Alfred Hospital Nurses League - Nursing Archive
Book - Illustrated book, Elizabeth Stewart 1964- et al, War wounds: medicine and the trauma of conflict, 2011
... Medicine-military-history-Australia ...War has been an accelerator of the advances in medical treatment and surgery. As modern weaponry became more destructive, medicine developed techniques and procedures to deal with the volume and nature of battlefield casualties. This book is a collection of chapters by historians, medical practitioners and researchers, former and serving military medical officers, surgeons, nurses and veterans, who explore the impact of war, wounds and trauma through the historical record, reported narratives and personal experiences.Illustrated book with dust jacket. Book has a light brown cover with abbreviated title authors' and publisher's names embossed in silver on the spine. Dust jacket has background of shades of brown, off-white and grey. On the front is a photograph 'Australian infantrymen evacuate a wounded soldier on a stretcher to the beach during the landing at Balikpapan, Borneo, July 1945, along with the title printed in brown and navy, and the authors names printed in white. On the spine, the abbreviated title is printed in brown, authors names in black, and publishers name in white. On the back cover is a photograph of a soldier with arm in a sling (in an advanced dressing station on the Menin Road near Ypres, Belgium, 20 September 1917) Also on the back cover is a quote from Graham Edwards (Vietnam veteran, veteran's advocate and former MP) and a list of other contributors to the book. non-fictionWar has been an accelerator of the advances in medical treatment and surgery. As modern weaponry became more destructive, medicine developed techniques and procedures to deal with the volume and nature of battlefield casualties. This book is a collection of chapters by historians, medical practitioners and researchers, former and serving military medical officers, surgeons, nurses and veterans, who explore the impact of war, wounds and trauma through the historical record, reported narratives and personal experiences.war-medical aspects, medicine-military-history-australia, soldiers-wounds and injuries-treatment-australia, alfred nurses -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Book, Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-18 - Volume VIII - Australian Flying Corps Author F.M.Cutlack. 6th edition, 1938
Historical record of the Australian Flying Corps from diaries of airmen and the Australian War Museum. No. 1 Squadron - private diaries of Lt. Colonel R. Williams. No, 2,3,and 4 Squadrons.Record of Australian Air Corps using personal diaries.Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-18 - Volume VIII - Australian Flying Corps. Maps and Illustrations Sixth editionmesopotamia, world war one, squadrons 1,2,3 and 4, private diaries, german offensive, air warfare, turkish retreat, gaza, mezzines ridge, somme, types of fighting aircraft -
Bendigo Military Museum
Document - Royal Australian Survey Corps - School of Military Survey Precis - Corrections to 1st Order Astronomical Observations 1964, School of Military Survey, Balcombe, 1964
This is a precis produced by the Royal Australian Survey Corps School of Military Survey in 1964. This is a very technical precis that describes the corrections that need to be applied to First Order Astronomical Theodolite Observations. First Order Astronomical positioning is the highest order and the most accurate determination of position using the stars and for that reason small allowances and corrections are needed to maintain/ improve relative accuracy.A 26 x page foolscap sized paper Precis, stapled and two hole punched. The precis does not have a protective cover and pages are discoloured. The precis contains typed text, tables and diagrams.royal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, asr, astronomy -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Book, Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-18 - Volume IX - The Royal Australian Navy Author A.W. Jose, 1937 fifth edition
Historically depicts the operations of the Royal Australian Navy duty occasioning navy vessels in addition to the drudgery of patrol work and the search for enemy vessels. Working in isolation because of being a vessel that is under their own control.This volume of the War Histories is concerned with the doings of an infant navy.Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-18 - Volume IX - The Royal Australian Navy Maps and Illustrationsgerman colonies, samoa, nauru, western pacific, africa, dardenelles, north atlantic, european waters, raiders and minefields, ran brigade, hospital ships, transports and dockyards, radio-telegraphy, suvla bay, sinking of the cumberland, german cruiser squadron, cocos, sydney-emden action, north sea -
Bendigo Military Museum
Booklet - The Chronology of the Royal Australian Survey Corps - Ed2 1985, School of Military Survey, Bonegilla, Vic, 24.06.1985
This is the second Edition of the "Chrology of the Royal Australian Survey Corps" produced in 1985 by the officers at the School of Military Survey (SMS). The First Edition produced in 1979 was also produced at the SMS. Since the first edition was produced, a definitive history of the Corps has been published by Brigadier Fitzgerald in his book "Lebanon to Labuan" in 1980 and is the story of the Corps during WWII. This new edition has been completely revised and updated. In order that amendments for future editions may easily be made, this document has compiled on computer. Signed LTCOL JG Corless Commanding Officer SMS. Future and final editions of the History of the Royal Australian Survey Corps have used this document as part of their research.A5 paper booklet, 56 x pages and stapled. Cover is a printed map with title and printed versions of the initial Australian Survey Corps Badge, the "King's and Queen's Crown" versions of the Royal Australian Survey Corps badges. The booklet contains computer text and poor quality B/W photographs.Compiled and printed by the School of Military Surveyroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, school of military survey -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Book Nuclear handbook part 1, Australian Military Forces - Nuclear Handbook - Part 1, 30th April 1960
Australian Military reference booklet dated 19601960 Australian Military Forces - Nuclear Handbook - Part 1Booklet Australian Military Forces - Nuclear Handbook - Part 1 (1960) two copies on hand. Light Brown cardboard Covers with 159 off white pages.Front Cover One copy pencil notation Copy No. 81. Second copy red pen notation Copy 96 and a blue ink stamp "13 Field Regiment DOD" Inside Front Cover "AMENDMENTS" Amendment no. 1, 2, 2 Supp.australian military forces reference booklet, nuclear handbook part 1 printed 1/4/1960 -
Bendigo Military Museum
Book - BOOK, 8TH DIVISION AAMC, Carl Johnson, "CARRYING ON UNDER FIRE AND IN CAPTIVITY", 2009
Stories from the 8th Division Australian Army Medical Corps under Malaya Command, WWII. The 39th Australian Infantry Battalion (1941-1943) Association donated four books of Military History: Cat. No. 4474 With the Twenty-Second Cat. No. 4475 Carrying On Under Fire and in Captivity Cat. No. 4476 Mod Revisited Cat. No. 4477 Forward With The FifthHard cover - cardboard with dark blue glossy coloured background. White print on front, spine and back. Front illustrated black and blue toned photograph of 6 Medical Corp Soldiers in uniform. Back, photograph of trestle bridge on Thai-Burma Railway. Front and back figleaf and end papers illustrated with grey/blue and white maps. 559 pages, cut, plain, white. Illustrated black and white photographs, portraits, maps, drawings.Opposite Title Page - printed donation label - "Donated by 39th Australian Infantry Battalion (1941 - 1943) Association Inc, www.39battalion.com” Association Inc. www.39battalion.com"books, military, history, wwii -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Document, Australian Military Forces: guarantee of performance
Certificate issued to Vietnamese women to be signed before having sex with an Australian soldieraustralia - armed forces - social life and customs -
Bendigo Military Museum
Document - DOCUMENT, MILITARY TRADITIONS, Government Works - Military Traditions. "WO Wing/School of Infantry/ Reproduced by/ Trg Wg/ 4 Trg GP", "MILITARY TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS AND HOW THEY BEGAN"
This military Training document produced as a "precis"- to provide a background for instruction." BY - WO Wing, "School of Infantry - Reproduced by OR Trg Wg. 4 Trg Gp."Document - paper, off white, facsimile with paper cover front and book. 79 pages, cut plain paper. Pages fastened in book form with a 2 piece metal fastener.documents, traditions, military -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Service Gear, Military Police Beret. Red, 1976
The Australian Army Provost Corps,was formed on the 3rd April 1916.It is responsible for battle traffic control, security duties, prisoner of war handling,the investigation of service offences,maintaining discipline and the running of military prisions. The red beret is a military beret worn by many Military police,para military,commando, and police forces.Red Beret with black grosgrain binding with the Royal Australian Corps of Military Police Badge at the front.29936 W02 RICH. BERET MNFRS.PTY.LTD.VICTORIA 1976 DSN 8406 66-089-5429 SIZE59.military police beret,berets,hats,lara r.s.l. -
Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History
Painting, Jeannie Petyarre, Medicine Leaves, 2005
An unframed square acrylic-on-canvas painting in tones of green and white forming an abstract botanical pattern that radiates out from the centre. A renowned Anmatyerre artist from Utopia, Northern Territory, Petyarre’s work carries more than pigment—it holds a lineage of care. These sweeping, rhythmic brushstrokes represent Kurrajong leaves and other medicinal plants traditionally gathered and prepared by women healers. Passed from grandmother to granddaughter, these practices are a form of medicine beyond the clinical. They speak of country, ceremony, and community. They evoke breath, movement, and the cyclical nature of wellbeing. Hand painted on reverse. "JEANNIE PETYARRE 60X60" Handwritten on reverse. "(Sister of Gloria Petyarre) / "Medicine Leaves" 2005. / Presented to ANZCA by Prof. Michael Cousins 16/6/06"oil paint, acrylic paint, floral, floral design, botanical design, abstract art, indigenous artists, first nations artists, australian artists, australian art -
Clunes Museum
Book, PETER DONOVAN, SO, YOU WANT TO WRITE HISTORY?, 1992
HISTORY IN THE COMMUNIYT IS THRIVING. UNFORTUNATELY, SOME OF WHAT PASSES FOR POPULAR HISTORY IS ILL-INFORMED, UNCRITICAL AND UNRELECTIVE AT BES, AND SPURIOUS AT IT'S WORSESMALL BOOK BY PETER DONOVAN, TO ASSIST IN WRITING LOCAL HISTORY.HISTORY IN THE COMMUNIYT IS THRIVING. UNFORTUNATELY, SOME OF WHAT PASSES FOR POPULAR HISTORY IS ILL-INFORMED, UNCRITICAL AND UNRELECTIVE AT BES, AND SPURIOUS AT IT'S WORSElocal history, book, reference, history -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Booklet, Australian Army, Australian Military Forces Ceremonial (1958) (Australia) (Provisional) (Copy 1)
A brown colour cover with black details. There is the Australian Military Forces Insignia in the middle of the cover. There are four punch holes down the left hand side. . At the top of the booklet SP is written near the code 7610-060-3675. there is the number 101 is written in black ink on the front.australia - armed forces - service manuals, drill manual, ceremonial