List of WWI volunteers from Korumburra South and districtOne of the few remaining historic items from Korumburra South.Honour roll of cardboard mounted photographs with painted text, glazed and in a brown wooden frame. 1914 1918. Honour Roll. In Honour of the Volunteers of Korumburra South and District. A. Brown, C. Dawes, E. Jones, S. Whitworth, F. Hastings, G. Dawes, C. Dawes, L. Dobson, T. Morgan, A. Hastings, H. Wentworth, A. Le Maitre, J. Garrett, G. Dawes, D. Friday, A. Garrett, G. Ramage.korumburra south, wwi, honour roll

Bendigo Advertiser "The way we were" from Monday, October 25, 2004. Hopefuls: the North Bendigo football team prior to playing Harcourt in the Bendigo Football Association's preliminary final in 1955. The side included S. Burns, R. Barkmeyer, V. Flynn, J. Bacon, J. Keil, K. White, C. Clough, J. Collins, W. Bovaird, H. Benbow, M. Foley, T.Martin, G. Thompson, H. Priest. W. Mooney, K. Martyn, F. Thompson, F. Poulter, A. Knight, H. Morgan, D. McIntyre, R. Donaldson, R. Andrea, N. Butler, G. Barmeyer and W. Farrar.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

The Norman Oliver collection. Norman Oliver was three times Mayor of Bendigo - 1950-51, 1964-65, 1970-71. Seven typed pages headed 'The Australian Institute of Management - Melbourne Division. 'Marketing and promotion for the Smaller Business' Lecture Series. Lecture No. 1 - Wednesday 26 August at 8pm.' This was in a 1965 sequence of Mayor's papers. There are summaries of three lectures - 1. Finding out where and what you can sell (Mr P D R Morgan) 2. What methods of selling should be employed (Mr S Cookson) 3. How to increase your sales (Mr A R Dansey).cottage, miners, councillor norman oliver. mayor of bendigo. australian institute of management.

McColl Rankin & Stanistreet, Central Garden Gully Gold Mining Co NL, agreements. All agreements were signed on 16.5.1933. a/ Claims numbered 31850 & 32794. Signed Joseph Samuel Trevan, Alexander Ceresa, Charles Henry Brown, John Jepson Stanistreet in the presence of ?? Leed. Attached to Agreement is and Indenture dated 16.5.1933 between John Jepson Stanistreet, Joseph Samuel Revan, Alexander Ceresa & Charles Henry Brown and Central Garden Gully Gold Mining Co NL discharging John Jepson Stanistreet from all liability in respect of said agreement. Dated 15.3.1933 Signed: J J Stanistreet, E R Grelis, Joseph S Trevan, A Ceresa, C H Brown, ?? Leed, Angus Mackay, // //, ? Stanistreet. b/ Date: 29.3.1933 , application for mining lease No. 9993 Agreement between Albert Oliver Morgan & John Jepson Stanistreet. Signed A O Morgan, J Stanistreet, ?? Leed & G R Grelis. Attached An Indenture dated 16.5.1933 signing over all benefits advantages and burdens thereof and all remedies. Signed J Stanistreet, A O Morgan, E R Grelis, ? Leed, Angus Mackay, J Michelson & Stanistreet. 4 pages. c/ Agreement dated 29.3.1933 is a copy of (b/)organization, business, central garden gully gm co nl, mccoll rankin & stanistreet, central garden gully gold mining co nl, agreements indenture joseph samuel trevan, alexander ceresa, charles henry brown, john j stanistreet, joseph samuel revan, charles henry brown, a o morgan, mining lease no. 9993

The ration card includes printed and numbered rectangles designed to be cut into separate coupons.Yellow coloured card printed in black on both sides. Stamped number 928831. Handwritten name and address of card holder, Morgan, Emma S, 48 Foam Street.wwii, world war ii, rationing

R W Vivian, O Lankcaster, J E Phillips, C Lankcaster, F G Dixon, R Cooke, V Kelly, C E Short, A Adkins, C H Davis, L D Kitchen, A Morgan, J E LeGriffon, J F Allen, W Dummett, W Whitehead, W J Toy, H McQuade, H Bunn, G Darling, S Wilson, H Greenwell, J King, H M Knox, J Buckley, J H O Myers, H Mills, J M A Spottoswood, J Vivian, W J Bayley, A A Bayleyblack and white photograph, good conditionOriginal photograph, mounted. R W Vivian, O Lankcaster, J E Phillips, C Lankcaster, F G Dixon, R Cooke, V Kelly, C E Short, A Adkins, C H Davis, L D Kitchen, A Morgan, J E LeGriffon, J F Allen, W Dummett, W Whitehead, W J Toy, H McQuade, H Bunn, G Darling, S Wilson, H Greenwell, J King, H M Knox, J Buckley, J H O Myers, H Mills, J M A Spottoswood, J Vivian, W J Bayley, A A Bayley

black and white photograph, poor conditionOriginal photograph, mounted. From M.Vivian, 1 Blanche st, St Kilda. R W Vivian, O Lankcaster, J E Phillips, C Lankcaster, F G Dixon, R Cooke, V Kelly, C E Short, A Adkins, C H Davis, L D Kitchen, A Morgan, J E LeGriffon, J F Allen, W Dummett, W Whitehead, W J Toy, H McQuade, H Bunn, G Darling, S Wilson, H Greenwell, J King, H M Knox, J Buckley, J H O Myers, H Mills, J M A Spottoswood, J Vivian, W J Bayley, A A Bayley

Woollen boys cap, fully lined, with green woollen lining on underside of peak. Large red button on centre top of cap. Logo has yellow anchor edged in red; 'Hold Fast' in banner underneath anchor. This cap was part of the boys' school uniform at Williamstown High School in the 1940's. This cap was worn by Harrow Morgan in 1948-49."H. Morgan", written in pen on the label insideschool uniform, williamstown high school, cap, 1948, 1949, 1940's

Harrow Morgan's mother's square hat badgefrom the 1920's.Square metal hat badge enameled in red, yellow and black. Holes in each corner so the badge could be sewn to hat band.On back of badge: 223, WWT. Also makkers mark that is too small to read.williamstown high school, hat badge, 1920's, school uniform

Contains excerpts from Horsham papers, concerning Dadwells Bridge from the 1860's to 1985?Black covered folder, Handwritten pages in plastic sleeves. Information is from Horsham Papers.on Spine white labels Dadswells Bridge By Mil Priorstawell

Photo depicts the RSS Mill girls interhouse sports team of 1932.R.S.&S. Woollen Mills, Champions 1932. / Girls Inter-house Sports. / U. Stephenson. I. Conder. C. Lofts. E. Osborne. H. Conder. / M. Morgan (Capt.) R. Ellis / G. Jones. / Presented / to / Mr. C. Lofts. / In Appreciation of Services / Rendered as Coac The / Lockwood Studios / Geelongtextile mills - sporting teams textile mills, returned soldiers and sailors mill, sport, textile mills - sporting teams, textile mills

Photo donated by Margaret Clarke, daughter of Stanley D.Livermore who enlisted in 1915. Roll of Honor used to hang in Mechanics Institute Hall which was on the site now occupied by the Scout Hall, Canterbury Road, Vermont.|Ron Clarke took it home when old hall was pulled down. It was just about falling to pieces but Ron wired it up and photographed it. Has not been located sinceBlack and white photo of Roll of Honor for Vermont Volunteers 1918 War.|PLEASE NOTE - The names on the board are divided into years as follows :-| 1914 -|Bowan to Holbery 1915 - Riley to|Livermore 1916 - Anderson to|White 1917 - Caplin to Mauwar memorial vermont, clarke, margaret, vermont mechanics institute, world war 1914-1918, bowan, w.j, cookesley, w., holberry, r., holbery, riley, j., anderson, a., bromley, ron., bruford, h.r., carter, f.a., w.h., christie, dawe, p.a., embling, s., fankhauser, c.a.a., geal, albert, husband, c.t.m., hall, charles samuel, jay, w.a., j.w., livermore, c.r., s.d., d.c., f.m., beard, boyle, r.g., chafer, j.h.e., collins, a.m., cooke, g., gee, graham, macwhiney, r.c., g.a., harris, p., hughes, kent, l., lloyd, d., mckinley, mcleod, n.l., mock, t., morgan, plumridge, h.e., pye, william r., scammell, c.h., uren, leonard., wallace, c.h.a., white, f.i., caplin, a.a., course, e., dibben, h., matheson, c.e., mau, l.j.

Square wooden honour board with gold text, cut corners and a protrusion at the top with a simplified WHS logo and heading.JUNIOR HOUSE CAPTAINS YEAR OVENS KING MERRIWA WAREENA GIRLS BOYS GIRLS BOYS GIRLS BOYS GIRLS BOYS Jnr 1985 L. REID J. DOWLING M. FLYNN B. MARTIN J. FISHER J. BOULTON R. WARREN D. BARHAM Jnr 1986 K. DODSON C. LEWIS A. PLUMRIDGE J. HODSON J. FISHER J. ARCRI R. WARREN D. McDONALD Jnr 1987 S. SCHOLZ C. DERRICK T HEMPEL B. DERRICK M. WILLIAMSON M. DOBROWOLSKI J. BECHAZ S. CLAYTON Jnr 1988 K. McCORMACK A. CLARK M. IMRIE M. GREGORY J. O'FLYNN S. NORMAN M. HERTIC C. GOULD Jnr 1989 K. SOUTHERN L. SCHOLES D. McLAUGHLIN M. MOSCROP A. GREALY O. ROODENBURG H. NOLAN D. ILOTT Jnr 1990 J. SHERIDAN C. CLARK C. NORTON B. MORRIS G. WOODWARD D. PRESTON D. FRASCA A. ROSSER Jnr 1991 K. WELCH D. DEMAJ J. STEPHENS B. MORRIS K. JENKINSON P. FLYNN N. WILLIAMS A. ROSSER Jnr 1992 K. WELCH R. GRAHAM K. GLENISTER A. WISE L. REA D. FURNELL D. BIGGER R. JOHNSON Jnr 1993 R. STEFANIAC T. LEWIS C. HORN A. BARROW R. BARROW M. STAMP A. NOLAN A. WHOLERS Jnr 1994 B. SPASOJEVIC R. ROSSER M. CHILCOTT H. FULTON J. HARRISON S. HIBBERSON L. HILDEBRAND R. WOODWARD Jnr 1995 D. SMITHERAM D. FURSE M. CHILCOTT J. McCORMICK J. HARRISON D. CONSTANTINO S. KNOX A. BROWN Jnr 1996 D. SMITHERAM J. MULLINS K. DOUSSET J. FISHER K. GRAHAM S. CHALLMAN K. BREW D. OATES Jnr 1997 R. CONROY H. STAMP N. EVERITT M. BELL R. HOGARTH D. BREESE C. JONES J. DOODY Jnr 1998 J. MORONEY R. GLOVER L. RITCHENS T. LAMBERT E. BRIGGS J. PORTER M. DEFAZIO J. KIKER Jnr 1999 T. WINZER R. GLOVER K. GOODEY B. SOLIMO A. COOTE D. COOTE D. COLES J. USSHER K. KIKER Jnr 2000 A. POTTER S. GANNON K. WHEELER C. FURZE K. WHITE C. WHITE H. OLIVER A. SHELDRICK Jnr 2000 R. GILBERT R.GOLVER K. GOODEY B. SOLIMO G. JONES D. COLES A. NAISH C. DOUG Inter 2001 K. O'BRIEN S. GANNON K. WILLIAMS M. CONROY V. STEWART J. AMMITZBOLL H. OLIVER C. MANGUBAT Jnr 2002 J. BORDIGNON T. SORRAGHAN N. TAVARE M. ANDERSON B. KERLIN D. GAUT K. SURACE M. GLOVER Inter 2002 A. POTTER S. GANNON S. DAWS T. CHIVERS M. WATKINS D. MORGAN H. OLIVER J. PATRICK Jnr 2003 S. PENNY N. PORTER E. NEWMAN A. ROBERTSON S. McSWINEY B. REVELL K. SURACE B. McMILLAN Inter 2003 R. CLARKSON D. McCULLOUGH S. ANDERSON M. CONROY G. ATKINSON T. CROCKETT H. OLIVER D. SEYMOUR Jnr 2004 C. WESLEY R. STONE E. PANE J. DWYER G. BLANCH M. GATHERCOLE C. BODLER R. LUGG Inter 2004 A. VELJANOSKA D. McCULLOUGH N. TAVARE D. BAKKER E. HARRINGTON J. AMMITZBOLL M. BASSIER M. GLOVER Jnr 2005 E. KEIR J. PARTINGTON A. WESCOMBE J. SIRIANNI A. MARTIN R. ALLEN J. SCHULZ-BAHLEBURS D. SCOTT Inter 2005 J. ROBBINS T. STAFFORD E. PANE J. DWYER K. GRAHAM M. GATHERCOLE K. SURACE M. MACLEISH Jnr 2006 M. BRUCE S. ALDOUS H, PANE L. BRABAZON C. TYLER J. ANDERSON O. HUTCHINGSON B. MORTIMER Inter 2006 L. TINDILL J. DAVENPORT E. PANE D. MORGAN A. FULLER M. GATHERCOLE S. COOTE S. CARUSO DONATED BY P.A.S.T.A. 1988

Yields information about the SEC Ballarat tram employees names for 23/4/ 1953. Has a strong association with the list Author. Also demonstrates the administration of a locally based welfare fund.Carbon copy of a hand written list dated 23-4-1953 of 59 people on the front and two on the rear showing payment to the Ballarat Tramway "Welfare Club Payment". Payment appears to total 12 pounds 4 shillings. See also Reg item 6312 for a June 1952 list. Handwritten on ruled paper which has been folded into four. Note: - this list may also include depot employees. List compiled from the .xls file compiled by Peter Waugh. The ones listed as record 6312 only below. Bath Percy Carl Motorman 1949 1971 6312 Birch Harold Reginald Conductor 1949 1963 6312 Black E. 1953 6312 Carter T. 1953 6312 Courtney R. 1953 6312 Davies A. 1953 6312 Diamond Leo Motorman 1953 1954 6312 Donald James Frederick 1949 1963 6312 Dynon J. 1953 6312 Ellis Alfred Lewis Motorman 1942 1968 6312 Hall Keith William Conductor 1953 1954 6312 Harry D. 1953 6312 Hutchins K. 1953 6312 Jolly A. 1953 6312 Jordan R. 1953 6312 Kellett Alfred Joseph Tramway employee 1949 1971 6312 McGann N. 1953 6312 Menzies J. 1953 6312 Mills I. 1953 6312 Morgan Colin George 1953 1963 6312 Morris N. 1953 6312 Oliver R. 1953 6312 Pinkard M. 1953 6312 Spencer M. 1953 6312 Taylor H. 1953 6312 Thompson Arthur Frederick Mark 1953 1954 6312 Vicars A. 1953 6312 Wapshott Herbert William 1953 1954 6312 Weeks John Herbert Motorman 1953 1954 6312 Wellard Graham Charles 1953 1954 6312 Young S. 1953 6312 These people have more than one entry into the data base T. Dunstan H. Grundell G. Hall H. Hawkes A. Jeffreys D. Kellett H. Knight H. Lorensini H. McWilliams A. McWilliams R. Mason A. Mercer R. Nestor H. Preston S. Reynolds H. Smerdon G. Satchell R. Turnbull A. Vicars W. Ward L. Walker L. Wellard S. Young T, Young J. Menzies F. Edmonds S. Edmonds F. Callahan N. Clark L. Godsell N. McLachlan F. Brown J. Myers On rear "Welfare Club Payment"sec, ballarat, personnel, welfare, crews

Has a strong association with an ESCo driver, Bill Morgan - shows him in full ESCo gives uniform details, badges and the way they were worn. Photo taken in a professional studio.Black and White copy photograph of an original studio photograph of ESCo Driver Bill Morgan, c1915? dressed in full ESCo uniform with badges (No 5) standing alongside a chair with a backdrop of plants. See page 47 of The Golden City and its Tramways and for the photo itself.tramways, trams, esco, uniforms, crews, drivers

Has a strong association with the ESCo tram and power station staff, c1920? Published detail provides some names of the men photographed. Shows the style of clothing, the equipment used and details of the power station office building.Black and White copy photograph of some of the ESCo tram depot staff and one uniformed crew member, alongside an ESCo tram. Shows the details of the interior of the tram ceiling. See page 50 of The Golden City and its Tramways and for the photo itself. Gives some names of the people in the photograph. From the photo caption in the book: Extreme left is Bill Morgan, Harry Foy, Sy Barker, Robert Haines.tramways, trams, esco, staff, depot, cross bench tram

Yields information about a tramway employee and has a strong association with William MorganSeries of letters/e-mails regarding William H Morgan, motorman, depot worker with ESCo 1909 to 1925 and Dianne Bean, Grandfather. Attached papers: - typed extract from ESCo Employee Register - images from the relevant pages - E-Mail correspondence between Warren Doubleday and Dianne Bean - E-Mail correspondence between Alan Bradley and Dianne Bean See Reg Item 4302 for photocopy of Interview notes.trams, tramways, motormen, esco, depot, personnel

A white document titled "Bendigo Teachers' College Graduation Ceremony". Bendigo City Hall, Friday 11th Dec. 1970, at 10.30 A.M. Principal: Mr. K. G. Scarrott. Warden for Men: Mr.F. M. Courtis. Warden for Women: Mrs. H. J. Chatfield. Below this is a list of the staff at the college - Mr. T. J. McCabe, Mr. D. O'Brien, Mr. B. I. Rollins, Mr. R. F. Colbourne, Mr. B. A. Clemson, Mr. L. A. Hall, Mr. B. T. Geary, Mr. K. C. Coles, Mr. K. G. Harrison, Mr. B. R. Reed, Mr. J. A. White, Mr. G. L. Colson, Mr. A. D. Maltby, Mr. K. I. Clements, Mr. L. Jackman, Mr. D. R. Phelan, Mr. J. J. Layther, Mr. J. Brasier, Mr. R. B. Silverback, Mr. W. P. Lomas, Mr. J. P. Furnell, Mr. J. R. Goodrich, Mr. K. A. Ryrie, Mr. A. R. McIntosh, Mr. R. N. Teasdale, Mr. C. J. Barnes, Mr. R. J. Harris, Mr. R. Colliss, Mr. D. A. Jobling, J. R. R. McLeod, Mr. D. J. Watson, Mr. R. N. Bruce, Mrs. N. F. Fawdry, Mrs. H. A. Knox, Mrs. E. L. Perry, Mrs. M. M. Clemson, Mrs. R. M. Briggs, Mrs. M. P. Hibberd and Miss J. C. Burnett . Associate Medical Staff - Dr. S. Morphy and Administrative Staff: Mr. W. D. Kolle, Mrs. E. Morshead, Miss E. Christopher, Miss C. T. Aldridge and Mrs. D. M. Philpott. On the inside page is the "Significance of the Ceremony" and "The College Anthem". On the following page is a list of the students completing the Diploma of Teaching (Primary) 1968 - 1970 - Kaye Anderson, Marike Arro, Alan B. Baker, Avril L. Baker, Helen, J. Barnett, Madeline M. Beischer, Thelma J. Busch, Jenny A. Callender, Julie M. Cocks, Valerie Dealy, Sue J. Dudley, A. James Dunstone, Kath J. Fowler, Judy A. Gibb, James M. Goodall, Helen P. Gorman, Lindy A. Hall, J. Margaret Harkin, Jenny A. Henderson, Heather A. Hockley, Marilyn J. Hope, S. Lynn Humphry, Helen R. Jamieson, Gail E. Jolliff, Susan M. Jones, Mary Clare Kelly, N. Jenny Kennedy, R. John Leschke, Clare P. Lynch, Lois J. McConnell, Kay M. McDonald, Peter A. McManus, Margaret L. Mangan, Lorraine L. Matthews, Lois Monk, Frances M. Morgan, Genevieve M. Mulcair, Gail M. Norton, Helen M. Oliver, Colleen M. Orr, Rosemary F. Punton, Veronica E. Rahill, Peter J. Ryan, Robyn B. Schooling, Carol A. Scott, Richard W. Steele, Bruce W. Taylor, Jeanette M. Wallace, Lesley R. Wallis, Gwendoline M. Williams and Francis J. Wright. The Trained Primary Teacher's Certificate 1969 - 1970 was received by Rosena T. Amitrano, Ann E. Bennett, Jennifer E. Biggs, Philip L. Blackmore, Gayle D. Boase, Suzanne Brown, Paul T. Cairns, Julienne Cairns, Patricia Callanan, Sally Cariddi, Jennifer J. Carr, Helen Childs, Stephen M. Cope, Cheryl R. Coulstock, Carmel M. Doolan, Lynette R. Dowdell, Roseann C. Egan, Linda Ellis, Beverley J. Evans, Jillian Faderson, Judith Field, Anne E. Flynn, Rosemary J. Gardam, Valerie L. Green, J. Lindsay Harvey, Glenda M. Hepburn, Lynette D. Herdman, Helen M. Hodgson, Alyson C. Hyde, Pamela Jackson, May R. Jardine, Jennifer A. Jones, Barbara A. Kay, Gerrard A. Keogh, Bernadette Kerlin, Teresa M. Lavery, Judith A. Leneghan, Ann L. Licence, Aileen P. McAlister, Janet G. McCartney, Nola McConnell, Peter McCurry, Jacqueline E. McDonald, Margaret McHugh, Elizabeth A. McInnes, Barbara A. McLean, Lena J. Mariani, Jillian J. Martin, Louisa M. Merlin, Denise M. Miller, Dorothy J. Morshead, Christine A. Moss, Margaret Mulqueen, Penelope A. Murdoch, David Murray, Margaret M. O'Brien, Janice W. Pattison, Bronwyn A. Pease, Ian Perry, Angelika M. E. Petrovic, Beverly A. Pianta, Marianne L. Pollock, Julie C. Seipolt, Una Sims, Beth A. Small, Martin D. Smith, F. Elizabeth Spittal, Helen E. Stephens, Cheryl J. Sumner, Susan E. Tate, Suzanne Tate, Geoffrey L. Taylor, Cheryl Thomas, Jennifer A. Tope, Graham L. Turner, Lynette F. Turner, Margaret Wallis, Maureen T. White, Graham J. Whitlock, Julie A. Wilson, Jennifer A. Wood and Lynette J. Young. Also on this page are the names of students who completed external studies in the Trained Primary Teacher's Certificate - Margaret I. Anderson, Heather M. Collins, Margaret E. Gaskell, Marie A. Row, Sheryl F. Russell and Margaret E. Wilson. Denise J. Johnston completed her Trained Infant Teacher's Certificate externally. On the back cover is the "Order of the Ceremony". Mr. B. A. Clemson welcomed the visitors and the Principal Mr. K. G. Scarrott gave the Principal's message to graduands. Student representatives were presented to Mr. W. F. R. Budge by Mrs. H. Chatfield. Mr. F. M. Courtis presented the 1968-1970 Diploma of Teaching (Primary) to students and Mr. T. J. McCabe presented the 1969-1970 to T.P.T.C. students. Congratulations were offered by City of Bendigo, Cr. R. F. Turner, President of Strathfieldsaye Shire, Cr. R. W. Somerville and Principal of Golden Square State School Mr. R. Cordingley. The Occasional Address was given by Professor P. W. Musgrave and the President of the S.R.C. Mr. Peter McManus gave the Acknowledgement.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college graduatio, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo teachers' college, bendigo, education, teaching, teachers, students, tertiary education, bendigo teachers' college staff, bendigo teachers' college students, graduands, graduation, graduation ceremony

Bendigo Competitions Society in conjunction with Bendigo Bands Group under V.B.L. patronage and rules. Bendigo City Hall, Saturday 16th June 1990, solo and parties sections. Adjudicator: Mr. S. Sokolowski. Strathdale Community Centre, Sunday 17th June, brass band contest. Adjudicators: Mr. D, Trottman, Mr. K. Morgan, Mr. W. Dyason, Mr. S. Sokolowski. Four pages.entertainment, music, bendigo competitions

Ashburton, Vic. : Mono Unlimited, 2006. x, 416 p. : ill., facsims., geneal. tables, maps, ports. ; 24 cm.non-fictionPrologue Context Part 1. Joseph Foy's family and C.W. Walrond 1. Rev. Joseph Foy's family 2. Ann Challenger's family 3. C.W. Walrond Part 2. The eight trustees 1. John S. Denbigh 2. Thomas Johnson 3. Thomas Merritt 4. William Merritt 5. James Dunstan 6. James Venn Morgan 7. John Quick 8. William Derrick.joseph foy, ann challenger, c w walrond, john s denbigh, thomas johnson, thomas merritt, william merritt, james dunstan, james venn morgan, john quick, william derrick, kew baptist church -- history, baptists - victoria - kew - history.