Potassium permanganate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula KMnO4. Formerly known as permanganate of potash or Condy's crystals, it is a strong oxidizing agent. It dissolves in water to give intensely pink or purple solutions, the evaporation of which leaves prismatic purplish-black glistening crystals. c1859 London chemist Henry Bollmann Condy had an interest in disinfectants; he found that fusing pyrolusite with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and dissolving it in water produced a solution with disinfectant properties. He patented this solution, and marketed it as 'Condy's Fluid'. Although effective, the solution was not very stable. This was overcome by using potassium hydroxide (KOH) rather than NaOH. This was more stable, and had the advantage of easy conversion to the equally effective potassium permanganate crystals. This crystalline material was known as 'Condy's crystals' or 'Condy's powder'. Potassium permanganate was comparatively easy to manufacture.A brown glass bottle with a red plastic topped cork stopper for 'Tromax' , 'Purple Crystals' ie Permanganate of Potash , that was used as an antiseptic and disimfectant.TROMAX BRAND / PURPLE CRYSTALS/ or Permanganate of Potash / (Poisonous )/ For Household and Medicinal Uses / 2oz. / TROMAX / A PRODUCT OF/ SIGMA Co.Ltd. / MANF. CHEMISTS / MELBOURNE. Directions for Use are on back of bottlepharmacy, medicines, tromax, purple crystals, permaganate of potash, disinfectants, sigma co.ltd. melbourne, athritis, glassware, bottles, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham

Balance and weights (Swing type Balance) used in preparing stock solutions. Several parts stored on shelf

Appointment card: Dean Moore audiometrist, Complete Hearing Solutions. Appointment card: Stewart Lee, ENT surgeon.main road, eltham, businesses, dean moore, stewart tee, complete hearing solutions

Science is an integral part of the curriculum at Galen Catholic College. These photos show Galen students mixing solutions in a chemistry class. galen catholic college, galen college, science, chemistry, students, 2013

Wooden model of a cyanide plant. A cyanide plant was used for dissolving gold from finely divided ores by means of dilute solutions of sodium or potassium cyanides. The model has five metal bins, there is some rust on the bins and scorch mark on the wooden base.mining, equipment, cyanide plant, gold cyanidation (also known as the cyanide process or the macarthur-forrest process) is a hydrometallurgical technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore by converting the gold to a water-soluble coordination complex. it is the most commonly used leaching process for gold extraction. the ore is comminuted using grinding machinery. depending on the ore, it is sometimes further concentrated by froth flotation or by centrifugal (gravity) concentration. water is added to produce a slurry or pulp. the basic ore slurry can be combined with a solution of sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide, however many operations utilize calcium cyanide, which is more cost effective. to prevent the creation of toxic hydrogen cyanide during processing, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) or soda (sodium hydroxide) is added to the extracting solution to ensure that the acidity during cyanidation is maintained over ph 10.5 - strongly basic. lead nitrate can improve gold leaching speed and quantity recovered, particularly in processing partially oxidized ores.

Mark FELTHAM (1976- ) Born Melbourne, Australia Mark Feltham was a third year student at the University of Ballarat in 1997 when this work was produced. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 1000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007. Artist's Statement: Algorithm, meaning a method for reaching a solution. This piece is about reaching stability in life which is brought about through the attainment of knowledge, having clear aims and goals, being able to express oneself and trying to keep a balance between the good and the bad. art, artwork, mark feltham, sculpture, alumni

Inscribed on attached label, "...used to procure abortion. Using a Lifeboy soap solution. Filled the septic wards of the Royal Women's Hospital in the 1940s."Douche syringe consisting of two lengths of rubber tubing with a central bulb, a nozzle, and valve at each end.irrigation, abortion

Notes for a talk - how can we solve the problem of sprawl? We have to find our own answers, not solutions provided by others.Talk notesHandwritten (pen), quarto, 1 (folded, part of a page) pageMiss. Swinchatt' written in pencil on back of folded pagevon hertzen, reston, elliston, prefabrication, le corbusier, sprawl, robin boyd, manuscript

City of Greater Bendigo Document ''A Master Plan for Bendigo's View Street Arts Precinct. August 2007. Don Goldsworthy - Architect and Urban Designer, Positive Solutions Arts Facilities and Business Planning, Cardno Grogan Richards Engineering and Traffic Management. Booklet 47 Pages.City of Greater Bendigobendigo, planning, view street arts precinct, http://www.bendigotourism.com/things-to-do/bendigo-arts-culture/view-street-arts-precinct

All mapping produced at this time were produced using Aerial Photography. These booklets contain the adjusted mathematical solution to joining this group of photographs together..1 Blue covered booklet with green tape binding. Block adjusted values for Gordon Downs SE 52-10 1:250 000 map Adjustment number 309 Sep 1991 .2 Blue covered booklet with green tape binding. Block adjusted values for Delamere SD 52-16 1:250 000 map Adjustment number 272 Jan 1988royal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, asr

Empty Brown glass bottle with red screw top and paper label which reads Pease's Pharmacy M.T.Pease & J.G.Lannen 279 Hargreaves Street Bendigo Tel 43 4988. Caution Not to be taken keep out of reach of children. Antiseptic Solution. Chlorhoxidine 0.3% Cetrimide B.P. 3%IS1278 6medicine, pharmacy, bottle

USED IN THE OPERATING THEATRE AT CLUNES HOSPITALCARDBOARD BOX WHICH HAS CONTAINED AMPOULES OF PETHADINE HYDROCHLORIDE INSIDE THE BOX ARE 4 METAL "BLADES"? WITH A SERRATED EDGE ON ONE SIDE'WELLCOME' BRAND INJECTION OF PETHIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE. POISON D 12 AMPOULES. 100MG IN 2 ML. A STERILISED SOLUTION FOR SUBCUTANEOUS INTRAMUSCULAR OR INTRAVENOUS INJECTION. FOR USE UNDER MEDICAL DIRECTION.local history, medicine & surgery, medical

The Nelsons Sixty Fours, an intriguing tale, how a Bendigo archaeological dig recovered an important part of early Victoria's naval heritage when the cannons were discovered on the cascades site. 73 pages with photographs, some in colour, a History Solutions publication in partnership with Fort Queenscliff Museum Assoc Inc.Dr Bob Marmion & Marilyn Townsendhistory, naval, hmvs nelson, history-victoria-naval-bendigo

Text of illustrated talk to BHS (27/5/2005) by Geoff Russell ''Fixing Bendigo's Big Stink'' Three pages covering the drainage and sewerage problems and solutions of Bendigo (and creeks) in the period from the early 1850s through to the 1920s. (Note: no images). Bendigo Sewerage Authority (BSA) inaugurated 1917.document, names of bendigo pioneers, bendigo's sewer scheme, bendigo sewer. s. gordon moore. cr james curnow. william beebe.

Restricted access report containing examination papers, notes on solutions and examiners remarks. Part of the collection of KEVIN JOHN HERDMAN, No. 397661. See Cat. No. 5942P for details of his service record.Soft cover bound report on Army Examinations. Brown soft back textured card cover. Title on front cover in black type with Australian Army Logo. 212 pages with cut edges. Pages glued to spine. Text on pages in black type.reports, promotion, examination, australian army, kevin john herdman

Australian Defence Industries (ADI) - two printed mouse pads; both contain blue ADI symbols and wording central to the mats (ADI limited - Technology Solutions and Services - HMEV) and has three colour photographs of HMEV and Bushmaster vehicles. ADI contact details are listed on the bottom edge of each mat. local history, adi history

The College’s spray was one of the first pieces of surgical memorabilia to come into the possession of the College. It had been used in the Listerian wards of the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, and was presented , along with some other artefacts, by James Hogarth Pringle in 1930. Joseph Lister (1827-1912) is known as a father of modern surgery. His methods of preventing infection were controversial in their time, but are today recognized as a major advance in the practice of surgery. Lister’s life and achievements are too well known to be recounted here. The definitive biography was written by his nephew, Sir Rickman Godlee (PRCSE 1911-13), and published in 1917. Douglas Guthrie gives an glimpse of Lister at work: “...He never wore a white gown and frequently did not even remove his coat, but simply rolled back his sleeves and turned up his coat collar to protect his starched collar from the cloud of carbolic spray in which he operated...” From advances in bacteriology, and discoveries by Robert Koch and others, it became increasingly evident that airborne bacteria were not a significant contributor to sepsis in surgical wounds. They also demonstrated that the body had its own defences against invading organisms, which were seriously compromised by the effects of the carbolic spray. Gradually the use of the spray was curtailed, Lister himself finally abandoning it in 1887. Lister performed the first antiseptic operation, the dressing and splintage of a compound fracture of the lower leg, in 1865. At this time he used carbolic solution by application, and dressings soaked in the solution. The spray was developed later, after many different methods, including carbolic and linseed oil putty, had been tried in order to reduce the harmful side-effects of undiluted carbolic acid. The steam spray was developed in 1869, and announced to the medical world in 1871. Lister’s purpose in adopting the spray was to kill airborne bacteria in the vicinity of the operation before they could reach the patient. It came to be used all over the world for many years. However, it had serious disadvantages, which even Lister acknowledged. The principal problem was the inhalation of carbolic vapour by everyone in the vicinity, including the patient and the operator. In addition, if the patient had been anæsthetized using chloroform, the gas lights decomposed the vapour into chlorine gas, making any procedure an ordeal of endurance.The spray consists of a steam boiler heated by a wick, a nozzle for the steam to escape, and a glass jar for the carbolic solution. Fuel for the wick is carried in a tank at the base. Valves regulate the pressure of the steam, and the nozzle is adjustable. The boiler is made of cast iron, the fittings are brass, and the handles are of wood. Empty, the apparatus weighs 8 lbs (3.2 kg). lister, carbolic spray, antiseptic

Practice bombs could be service bombs, inert loaded with sand, water for chalk/lime solution. Standard practice bombs were painted white overall with two light green bands painted around centre of the tail. Inert service bombs painted black and those containing an exploder had a red band around the body.a14

Fifty Two page booklet, centre stapled with colour covers, published by the International Union of Public Transport UITP, titled "It's high time to put an end to traffic congestion" looking at the impact of motor vehicles on traffic congestion, solutions, graphs, photographs of tramways. Includes discussion on Transport Policies. Provides maps, graphs and figures. Two copies held.Both copies have a hand written label with "50c" written on it, positioned in the top left hand corner.trams, tramways, public transport, tramways, europe, usa

TROVE : Cairns Post (Qld. : 1909 - 1954) Wednesday 28 October 1925 p 4 Article Lotol for Australians. The Mercury Chemical Co. Pty. Ltd. manufacturers of Lotol which is keeping so many Australian homes free of insects, advertised on Monday and Tuesday, that they would present £1 to the sender of the first letter opened at 4 p.m. on Tuesday containing the correct solution of certain jumbled words.The correct solution was "Sydney Australia," therefore Lotol is made in Australia for Australians, ' and the £1 offered has been won by Lucy Wilesmith, McLeod-street , Cairns. Mr. L. A. Drewe is the Queensland representative of the manufacturers, and conducted this competition on their behalf.Round clear amber glass bottle for screw top. Embossed text near neck, diamond pattern on side with text near heel of bottle.Near neck ' POISON', 'NOT TO BE TAKEN'. Panel of diamond pattern below text. Near heel at base 'THIS BOTTLE ALWAYS REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF MERCURY CHEMICAL CO. PTY LTD'. On base ' A G M ', '1', 'S100'.amber glass, chemical, poison, vermicide, australian made

"Potassium permanganate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula KMnO4. It is a salt consisting of K+ and MnO−4 ions. Formerly known as permanganate of potash or Condy's crystals, it is a strong oxidizing agent. It dissolves in water to give intensely pink or purple solutions, the evaporation of which leaves prismatic purplish-black glistening crystals. (Which is what in contained in the bottle.) As an oxidant, potassium permanganate can act as an antiseptic. For example, dilute solutions are used to treat canker sores (ulcers), disinfectant for the hands and treatment for mild pompholyx, dermatitis, and fungal infections of the hands or feet. Potassium permanganate is used extensively in the water treatment industry. Historically it was used to disinfect drinking water. (From Wikipedia)" Eight sided, rectangular, clear glass bottle containing grey filings. It is closed with a cork, which is probably broken off. Label indicates Potassium Permanagate manufactured by Felton, Grimwade & Duerdins Ltd. "POTASSI PERMANGANATE."/"POISON"/"Felton Grimwade & Duerdins Ltd." on label on front. There are numbers in the glass on the bottom: "1608 M" and small difficult to read letters. deaf children australia,, chemical, antiseptic, potassium permanganate, water purifier, felton grimwade & duerdins ltd, bottle

(Sir) David Orme Masson was Professor of Chemistry at the University of Melbourne from 1886 to1923. As well as being a distinguished teacher and researcher, he contributed significantly to Australian scientific and public life, being instrumental in the establishment and governance of many important bodies including the CSIRO. Masson supported Antarctic research for 25 years, beginning with Douglas Mawson's expedition of 1911. Born in England and receiving an MA, BSc and DSc from the University of Edinburgh, he was a gifted, elegant and disciplined lecturer and a researcher of substance. His research work included the theory of solutions, from which emerged the term 'critical solution temperature'; the periodic classification of the elements; and the velocity of migration of ions in solutions. Much of his research was done in collaboration with talented students such as David Rivett and his own son Irvine Masson. Masson was knighted in 1923. He is commemorated by the Masson Theatre and Masson Road at the University of Melbourne; a mountain range and island in Antarctica; a portrait painting by William McInnes in the foyer of the School of Chemistry; the Masson lectureship from the Australian National Research Council; and the Masson memorial scholarship from the Royal Australian Chemical Institute.Set of rare gases in a box coming from Irvine Masson to his father.

(Sir) David Orme Masson was Professor of Chemistry at the University of Melbourne from 1886 to1923. As well as being a distinguished teacher and researcher, he contributed significantly to Australian scientific and public life, being instrumental in the establishment and governance of many important bodies including the CSIRO. Masson supported Antarctic research for 25 years, beginning with Douglas Mawson?s expedition of 1911. Born in England and receiving an MA, BSc and DSc from the University of Edinburgh, he was a gifted, elegant and disciplined lecturer and a researcher of substance. His research work included the theory of solutions, from which emerged the term ?critical solution temperature?; the periodic classification of the elements; and the velocity of migration of ions in solutions. Much of his research was done in collaboration with talented students such as David Rivett and his own son Irvine Masson. Masson was knighted in 1923. He is commemorated by the Masson Theatre and Masson Road at the University of Melbourne; a mountain range and island in Antarctica; a portrait painting by William McInnes in the foyer of the School of Chemistry; the Masson lectureship from the Australian National Research Council; and the Masson memorial scholarship from the Royal Australian Chemical Institute.8 samples in bottles of the type used in Masson's work on methyl,etc,sulphides, See152

This "home made" squeegee was manufactured in the mid to late 1900's by an ingenuous dairyman as a solution to the removal of cow "pats" from the concrete floors of his "milking" sheds. The tea tree made squeegee (being made from nature's anti bacterial material) was an excellent hygienic implement to use. This "home made" wooden squeegee is very significant to the Kiewa Valley and its surrounding regions because it highlights the natural ingenuity found in the pioneer farmer, grazier and other rural folk. It demonstrates the "mother of invention and adaptation" is very strong in rural areas where "off the shelf" products were a rare quantity. Part of the natural psyche of the rural Australian inhabitants is the ability to produce inventions that overcome physical restrictive conditions, "the man/woman of all trades" is an apt description of the pioneers of yesteryear and of those to come.The squeegee handle is a long branch made from a tea tree, inserted into the upper flat side of a slab of tea tree wood which is flat on one side and curved on the other, the natural curve of the tree trunk. This squeegee was used on dairies for removing cow manure.timber, dairy, farm, rural, implement

Large dark wooden one fits the dish ordered by D.O.Masson shortly after arrival in Melbourne. (Sir) David Orme Masson was Professor of Chemistry at the University of Melbourne from 1886 to1923. As well as being a distinguished teacher and researcher, he contributed significantly to Australian scientific and public life, being instrumental in the establishment and governance of many important bodies including the CSIRO. Masson supported Antarctic research for 25 years, beginning with Douglas Mawson?s expedition of 1911. Born in England and receiving an MA, BSc and DSc from the University of Edinburgh, he was a gifted, elegant and disciplined lecturer and a researcher of substance. His research work included the theory of solutions, from which emerged the term ?critical solution temperature?; the periodic classification of the elements; and the velocity of migration of ions in solutions. Much of his research was done in collaboration with talented students such as David Rivett and his own son Irvine Masson. Masson was knighted in 1923. He is commemorated by the Masson Theatre and Masson Road at the University of Melbourne; a mountain range and island in Antarctica; a portrait painting by William McInnes in the foyer of the School of Chemistry; the Masson lectureship from the Australian National Research Council; and the Masson memorial scholarship from the Royal Australian Chemical Institute.Wooden containers (formers)

Memorandum - two A4 sheets - titled "Issues concerning and relating to the New Shunt being Constructed in Spencer Street" from Ric Barker, Secretary Kew Tram Depot Committee to Frank Barbuto, Acting Depot Manager - 18-11-1993. Regards issues of the single line shunt in Spencer St, north of Latrobe St, Safety Zones, timing, running times, solutions and options.trams, tramways, spencer st, terminus, la trobe st, safety zone

Thirty page booklet, centre stapled with colour covers, published by the International Union of Public Transport UITP, titled ""There is still time....to prevent traffic from strangling our towns" looking at the impact of motor vehicles on traffic congestion, solutions, graphs, photographs of tramways. Includes discussion on Transport Policies, and traffic planning in Washington DC. Provides maps, graphs and figures. Two copies held.trams, tramways, public transport, tramways, europe, usa, washington dc

Scouring is the process that removes wool wax and other unwanted products from wool. Wool is washed in a hot detergent solution. It moves through a series of scouring bowls and is then rinsed and dried. Careful handling and washing preserves the strength and softness of wool. If the wool contains lots of seeds and other vegetable matter, it must be cabonized. This means it is treated with a solution of sulpheric acid and then baked at high temperature to remove impurities. The disused scouring water left-over from this process was often let drain into rivers and watercourses causing pollution. Many of Geelong's wool scours along the Barwon River were closed due to environmental damage. The race system on this bowl is not the original it has been modified with a variation of the harrow system. Used at E.P. Robinson South Geelong from c.1890-1970.Scouring bowl.J. Dyson & Sons Pty Ltd, Geelongsouring bowl, j dyson & sons, geelong, wool processing, e. p. robinson, textile industry, factory, mill

Report - 152 pages + light card brown covers, bound with plastic pin binding, "Towards the Maximisation of Transport Opportunities in Region 14", dated July 1978, Author Bernard McNamara, looking at transport in the Shire of Eltham, Cities of Heidelberg and Northcote. Looks at factors affecting public transport, existing services, problems, possible solutions, initiatives and recommended actions. Includes a table of contents, maps, appendices.On top front cover "Copy for AETA Victorian Division"trams, tramways, public transport, northcote, minister for transport