A foghorn is a device that uses sound to warn of navigational hazards like rocky coastlines, or boats of the presence of other vessels, in foggy conditions. The term is most often used with marine transport. When visual navigation aids such as lighthouses are obscured, foghorns provide an audible warning of rocky outcrops, shoals, headlands, or other dangers to shipping. An early form of fog signal was to use a bell, gong, explosive signal or firing a cannon to alert shipping. From the early 20th century an improved device called the diaphone was used in place of these other devices, The diaphone horn was based directly on the organ stop of the same name invented by Robert Hope-Jones, creator of the Wurlitzer organ. Hope-Jones' design was based on a piston that was closed only at its bottom end and had slots, perpendicular to its axis, cut through its sides, the slotted piston moved within a similarly slotted cylinder. Outside of the cylinder was a reservoir of high-pressure air. Initially, this air would be admitted behind the piston, pushing it forward. When the slots of the piston aligned with those of the cylinder, air passed into the piston, making a sound and pushing the piston back to its starting position, whence the cycle would be repeated. This method of producing a low audible sound was further developed as a fog signal by John Northey of Toronto and these diaphones were powered by compressed air produced by an electric motor or other mechanical means that admitted extremely powerful low-frequency notes. The example in the Flagstaff collection is an early cased and portable diaphone used on pleasure or sailing craft. By manually turning the crank handle air is produced and fed into valves that direct air across vibrating metal reeds to produce the required sound. in foggy weather, fog horns are used to pinpoint a vessels position and to indicate how the vessel is sailing in foggy conditions. One blast, when sailing on starboard tack and two blasts, when sailing on a port tack and three dots, when with wind is behind the vessel. Since the automation of lighthouses became common in the 1960s and 1970s, most older foghorn marine installations have been removed to avoid the need to run the complex machinery associated with them, and have been replaced with an electrically powered diaphragm or compressed air horns. The example in the collection is significant as it was used in the early 19th century for sailing vessels was important but these portable crank fog horns have also been superseded by modern electric varieties. Therefore the item has a historical connection with sailing and maritime pursuits from our past.English Rotary Norwegian Pattern nautical foghorn within a boxed pine varnished case with exposed corner dovetailing, original leather carrying strap, brass side crank, and original copper trumped horn. Card accessory with Directions for Use in both English and French.Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, foghorn, maritime technology, maritime communication, marine warning signal, portable foghorn, bellows foghorn, crank handle, robert hope-jones, john northey

Bendigo Easter Fair 1985, April 5-8. Programme Booklet. Friday: Sun Loon Display, Easter Bowling Carnival, Rotary Easter Art Show, Book Bazaar, Model Railroaders Exhibition, Dudley House, Exhibition of Dolls, Embroiderers Guild, Art Gallery. Saturday: Mardi-Gras Street Carnival, Busking, Outdoor Theatre, Arts & Music, Bendigo Theatre Company, Cynthia Holland & Bendigo Talent Club Sun Loong Display, Rotary Art Show, Handcraft Bazaar, Motorcycle Show-Sandhurst Historic Vehicle Club Trams, Central Deborah, Dudley House, Exhibition Dolls, Antique Fair, Model Railroaders, Fire Brigades' Carnival for Children, Horse & Harness Parade, Book Bazaar, Bowling Carnival, Football, Photographic Exhibition, Family Activities, Cinema 180, Exhibition of Paintings silver furniture & porcelain, Embroiders Guild. Sunday: Horse Spectacular, Model Railroaders, Rotary Art Show, Handcraft Bazaar, Antique & Historical Display of Arms Weapons & Military, Antique Fair, Torchlight Procession, Awakening of Dragon, Exhibition of Dolls, Dudley House, Trams, Central Deborah, Book Bazaar, Mardi-Gras Street Carnival, Hargreaves Mall, Motorcycle Show, Photographic Exhibition, Family Activities, Cinema 180, Art Gallery, Embroiderers Guild. Monday: Philatelic Society Exhibition, Rotary Art Show, Handcraft Bazaar, Antique Fair, Model Railroaders, Bendigo District Bowling Assn. Easter Bowling Carnival, Exhibition of Dolls, Dudley House Bendigo Branch Royal Historical Society, Trams, Central Deborah, Motorcycle Show, Antique and Historical Display of Arms Weapons & Militaria, Mardi-Gras Street Carnival, Hargreaves Mall, Gala Street Procession, Carnival For Children, Sun Loong on Display, Photographic Exhibition, Fusion, Cinema 180, Art Gallery, Embroiders Guild. Church Services in Bendigo City Area During Easter (listings for Thursday, Good Friday, Eater Saturday, Easter Day). The Bendigo & District Tourism Association Welcomes you to Victoria's Premier Town. Listing of events over Easter with map to guide all around. Bendigo Easter Fair Incorporated Phone: (054) 43 9191Bendigo Easter Fair Inc. would like to thank the Ministry for the Arts for its continued assistance over the past 11 years. 3 1/2 pages of information on the Bendigo Easter Fair and its rich history dating back to 1871. The first Fair was held to aid 2 charities: Bendigo Base Hospital and the Home and Hospital for the Aged (Benevolent Asylum). Gone are the days of the Fancy Bazaar, Fat Baby Contest and the greasy Pig Chase, many tradition remain the same. Links to the Chinese community date back to when the first settlers arrived seeking gold. This gives the Fair its unique quality and Brings visitors in their thousands each Easter. The Monday Procession has always been the most famous as many old photographs show. Some photos taken before the turn of the century. Many made the journey to Bendigo from Melbourne and outlying districts. Visitors line the route to see floats, bands, and the once a year appearance of the Chinese Dragon, ''Sun Loong'' or ''New Dragon''. The longest Imperial Dragon in the World; 300ft plus in length. His predecessor, ''Long'', is acclaimed as the worlds oldest Imperial Dragon. Easter Saturday Procession has taken form of a Horse and Harness Parade, attracting and immense variety of entrants. The torchlight Procession on Sunday evening includes fireworks, Fire Brigades, Fire Trucks, firemen, marching girls and illuminated floats. The Army has helped with the procession since around the time of Federation. 15th Transport Squadron (15 Tpt. Sqdn.), processions are assembled & dispatched with Army efficiency. Marshalling the Monday Procession this year will be done by the Army as well as our own Easter Fair marshalls with a new communications system.1930 the Popular Girl contest was introduced. The four main streets of Bendigo, Pall Mall, Mitchell Street, Hargreaves Street and Williamson Street (formerly View Street), sponsored their particular girl by means of raffles, street stalls and a variety of fund raising. The winner was the one that raised the most money, and was announced from the balcony of the Shamrock Hotel, by the Mayor of Bendigo on Easter Saturday Night. The Popular girl contest is still held with a lot of the fund raising now done by service clubs and voluntary organizations. 1984 fund raising efforts, in excess of $50,000 was distributed to charities in our area. The combined Bendigo Brigades' record support for the Easter Fair goes back of many years in a variety of ways. Bendigo people are known for their love of sport and the choice in the city is very wide. There will be no Easter Sports Carnival this year but Easter Fair will still be holding functions at the Bendigo Sports Centre in Park Road. Bendigo city centre will be alive with stalls, raffles and rides of every description over the three days of sports, Sat-Sun. Hargreaves Mall will be the focus of relaxation, buskers, community theatre, arts with craft activity & musical entertainment. The Rotary Club of Bendigo and the Easter Fair Society had had independent Arts Shows but in 1981amalgamate their shows. 1981 Rotary Club of Bendigo added the Antique Fair to the Easter Program, held in the RSL Memorial Hall, Pall Mall. Last year some event were cancelled, but last year's Fair was quite a success. With many outdoor activities, the weather plays a vital role. It has been necessary to alter some venues in the past years, with Easter being a week early in April this year we are looking forward to fine conditions. The Chinese and Bendigo Easter Fair, The First Chinese arrived on the goldfields in mid 1850's in teams or groups to work the rich alluvial gold fields of Dai Gum San (Big Gold Mountain). Most were of poorer class from the district of See Yup, an area of four villages near the provincial capital Canton (Kwangchow). By far the largest group came from the village of Toi Shan. The alluvial gold quickly petered out so by the time of the first Bendigo Easter Fair in 1871 most Chinese had either left for richer fields or turned to other pursuits such as stores, market gardens, laundries, herbalists etc.. Many of course had died on the fields from the rigors of mining of diseases not encountered in their homeland. The Benevolent Asylum (Home & Hospital for the age) and Bendigo Base Hospital had become places of rest, help and haven for old, sick and lonely Chinese. SO when the idea was mooted to hold a charity fair to raise money for these worthy establishments, the Chinese were only too happy to join with the Easter Fair Society in this charitable work. It has for over 113 years. Chinese showed their costumes, scenery, and weapons of warfare, but it was not until 1892, that the first of the 5 loongs (dragons) appeared.. . The pageant was marshalled by Mr T Chapman and headed by Mr Moody, attired in habiliments of a most gorgeous character on a gaily caparisoned horse, and his get up as a Chinese grandee was perfect. . . Tom toms , bagpipes. . Wind instrument resembling a clarinet. . Bagpipes,.. The Weekly Advertiser, Friday, April 22,1892. . . Today the Chinese Association, made up of descendants and families of the early Chinese and associate members, carries on the charitable works of their predecessors. A Little Of Dragons, We have all heard of St. George Bendigo dragons (loongs) have none of these characteristics, in fact they have only brought good to Bendigo. There are 3 chief species of Chinese Dragons of which ''The Lung'' (Loong) is the most powerful. It is also the spiritual dragon which produces wind and rain. It has 9 resemblances, the head of a camel, horns of a deer, eyes of a rabbit ears of a cow, neck of a snake, belly of a frog, scales of a carp, claws of a hawk and palm of a tiger. Loong is a vegetarian, favourite food pomelo (ooluk), the father of our modern grapefruit. The abode, according to legend is the sky or water. He is also deaf, thus requiring loud noises to awaken him and to keep him awake. . . Number of claws they have represent rank. Dragons have 2, 3, 4 or 5 claws, the latter being reserved for the Emperor. Loong and Sun Loong have both five claw dragons. Bendigo has had 5 or 6 dragons, the number being confused by the fact each dragon was called 'Loong'. Today Three dragons remain in Bendigo, Loong, Sun Loong, and Yar Loong. Loong is the oldest Imperial Dragon in the world. He continued his walk through the streets of Bendigo til his retirement in 1970. He was created in Fat Shan in the Peoples Republic of China. Built of. . . Sun Loong replaced Loong after the 2 dragon procession of 1970. Created by Mr Law On, . . Yar Loong is a night dragon, came in 1930's. . . Long history of dragons. . The Birth Of A Dragon. . . To awaken A Dragon. . . The Easter Monday Chinese Procession. . . Procession divided into 6 sections,.. The Easter Monday Procession comprises,… over 350 people. Conclusion It is hoped that in the near future a museum can be built to house the priceless regalia gathered together over the last century and a half by the Bendigo Chinese Association. Advertisements; Historic Bendigo Pottery, Mim's Restaurant, Antique Fair (Rotary), The Copper Pot, Sandhurst Town (Develop Victoria Council Tourism Award 1983-1985), Bendigo Motor Co. (Mazda), Diggers, Chaplin's, Bendigo's Dunny Diner, Arakoon, Quin's Bluebird, Allara Motor Lodge, Lakeview Motor Inn, The Armoured Car Company, Gillies, Mardi Gras Street Carnival, Handcraft Bazaar, Art Show (Rotary) Bendigo Model Railroaders (Easter Exhibition), Bendigo Easter Fair Highland Games brought to you by TV8 and Coca-Cola Bottlers. Design and Finished Art By Graphics Group, Bendigo.Graphics Group Bendigoevent, easter fair, bendigo easter fair incorporated, bendigo easter fair 1985, april 5-8. programme. friday: sun loon display, easter bowling carnival, rotary easter art show, book bazaar, model railroaders exhibition, dudley house, exhibition of dolls, embroiderers guild, art gallery. saturday: mardi-gras street carnival, busking, outdoor theatre, arts & music, bendigo theatre company, cynthia holland & bendigo talent club sun loong display, rotary art show, handcraft bazaar, motorcycle show-sandhurst historic vehicle club trams, central deborah, dudley house, exhibition dolls, antique fair, model railroaders, fire brigades' carnival for children, horse & harness parade, book bazaar, bowling carnival, football, photographic exhibition, family activities, cinema 180, exhibition of paintings silver furniture & porcelain, embroiders guild. sunday: horse spectacular, model railroaders, rotary art show, handcraft bazaar, antique & historical display of arms weapons & military, antique fair, torchlight procession, awakening of dragon, exhibition of dolls, dudley house, trams, central deborah, book bazaar, mardi-gras street carnival, hargreaves mall, motorcycle show, photographic exhibition, family activities, cinema 180, art gallery, embroiderers guild. monday: philatelic society exhibition, rotary art show, handcraft bazaar, antique fair, model railroaders, bendigo district bowling assn. easter bowling carnival, exhibition of dolls, dudley house bendigo branch royal historical society, trams, central deborah, motorcycle show, antique and historical display of arms weapons & militaria, mardi-gras street carnival, hargreaves mall, gala street procession, carnival for children, sun loong on display, photographic exhibition, fusion, cinema 180, art gallery, embroiders guild. church services bendigo city easter , eater saturday bendigo & district tourism association victoria's premier town. bendigo easter fair incorporated bendigo easter fair rich history 1871. base hospital and the home and hospital for the aged (benevolent asylum). fancy bazaar, fat baby contest greasy pig chase, many old photographs floats, bands, chinese dragon, ''sun loong'' or ''new dragon''. the longest imperial dragon in the world; 300ft plus in length easter saturday procession horse harness parade. torchlight procession on sunday evening includes fireworks, fire brigades, fire trucks, firemen, marching girls and illuminated floats. army helped federation. 15th transport squadron (15 tpt. sqdn). monday procession by the army 1930 popular girl contest introduced. four main streets, pall mall, mitchell street, hargreaves street williamson street. winner announced shamrock hotel, easter saturday night. popular girl contest fund raising service clubs voluntary organizations. 1984 fund raising efforts, in excess $50, 000 distributed to charities. combined bendigo brigades'. no easter sports carnival holding functions bendigo sports centre in park road. stalls, raffles three days sports, sat-sun. relaxation, buskers, community theatre, arts with craft activity & musical rotary club of bendigo easter fair society independent arts shows in 1981amalgamate antique fair, held last year some event cancelled. with many outdoor activities, weather plays vital role. alter some venues in the past, easter being a week early first chinese arrived goldfields in mid 1850's dai gum san (big gold mountain). see yup, canton (kwangchow). toi shan. first easter fair in 1871 for richer fields other pursuits stores, market gardens, laundries, herbalists etc. benevolent asylum (home & hospital for the age) bendigo base hospital had become places of rest, help and haven for old, chinese. charity fair to raise money, chinese join easter fair society in this charitable work. costumes, scenery, weapons of warfare, 1892, the first of the 5 loongs. marshalled by mr t chapman by mr moody, caparisoned horse, chinese grandee. tom toms, wind instrument. bagpipes, advertiser, april 22, 1892. chinese association, descendants chinese and associate charitable works. st. george ''the lung'' most powerful. spiritual dragon wind rain. 9 resemblances, camel, deer, rabbit cow, snake, frog, carp, hawk tiger. a vegetarian, pomelo (ooluk), the abode, legend is the sky or water. deaf loud noises to keep him awake. claws represent rank. 2, 3, 4 or 5 claws, reserved for emperor. had 5 or 6 dragons called 'loong'. three dragons loong, sun loong, yar loong. loong oldest imperial dragon in the world. retirement 1970. created in fat shan peoples republic of china. built of. sun loong, loong 2 dragon procession 1970. created mr law on, yar loong a night dragon1930's.history dragons. birth of a dragon. awaken a dragon. easter monday chinese procession divided 6 sections 350 people. priceless regalia last century bendigo chinese association. advertisements; historic bendigo pottery, mim's restaurant, antique fair (rotary), the copper pot, sandhurst town (develop victoria council tourism award 1983-1985), bendigo motor co. (mazda), diggers, chaplin's, bendigo's dunny diner, arakoon, quin's bluebird, allara motor lodge, lakeview motor inn, armoured car company, gillies, mardi gras street carnival, handcraft bazaar, art show model railroaders highland games tv8 coca-cola. art by graphics group

When snow hit Gallipoli in November 1915, soldiers turned to the khaki woolen coat, known as the Greatcoat, for protection against the cold and wet climate. This item's provenance is unknown. This iconic piece of clothing often doubled as a soldier's bedding and was his chief protection against the harsh weather conditions. Khaki Army greatcoat with Australian Army buttonsJ FERRIS ...?58019army greatcoat, world war two, ww2, wwii, second world war, australian army, australian army coat, australian uniform

Sunshine High School existed in its own right from 1955 to 1991. During the early years the wearing of 'correct' uniforms was strictly enforced. Girls had to wear hats and boys had to wear caps as part of the uniform when outside the school grounds, or else they risked detention if caught without head wear by a Prefect. The boys therefore always had a rolled up cap in the back pocket to quickly slip on whenever there was danger of being nabbed by a Prefect. The girls had a winter uniform, which included thick beige stockings and a maroon blazer, and a summer frock in which they could be relatively cool during hot days. The boys had to wear their double breasted grey suits all year, with a jumper under the jacket in cold weather. The boys were supposedly being groomed as gentlemen, and so even during hot conditions were not allowed to remove their suit jackets in the class room. On about two very hot afternoons a year, the headmaster removed his jacket and so allowed the boys to do likewise. With single breasted suits becoming fashionable, it became difficult to find double breasted grey suits in the wide range of sizes required by students. In about late 1960 or early 1961 the uniform rules for boys were changed to enable them to wear single breasted grey suits. They still however were not allowed to remove their jackets in class on hot days. Over the years the rules for the wearing of uniforms were relaxed and in the late 1970's students were wearing either uniforms, or parts of uniforms, or their normal clothing. The wearing of uniforms at Sunshine High School eventually died out well before the School vacated the buildings on Ballarat Road, and amalgamated with other local secondary schools to form the Sunshine College.The three items of clothing, although not a complete uniform set, serve as a reminder of the summer and winter uniforms, as well as the colours, that were worn by the girls at Sunshine High School during the early years. The jumper is identical in appearance to that worn by the boys and so it is not difficult to imagine how a male Sunshine High School student would look like with a grey suit and that type of jumper.THREE ITEMS of girls uniform from the no longer existing SUNSHINE HIGH SCHOOL are individually displayed here. The items being: (1) Beige with maroon print cotton summer frock. (2) Maroon polyester/wool winter tunic. (3) Maroon V-necked wool/nylon jumper with light blue and gold coloured stripes around the cuffs and the neck.Ecole brand winter tunic. Buxwear brand summer frock of Style S289. M.G.Magree brand jumper.sunshine high school, uniform, frock, tunic, jumper, girls school uniform, maroon uniform

Newspaper clipping contained within Reg. Item 2488, page 29, from The Courier, Fri. 24 June 1937 1937, titled "Story of Ballarat's Horse Trams", 1887 to 1913. Report of a paper presented to the Ballarat Historical Society by Inspector H. P. James at the Annual meeting of the Society. Comprises four columns of text, pasted into the book titled "Of Other Days". General image of page 27 - see image btm2493i.jpg. Provides introductory remarks, seating accommodation, brakes, weather shields (windscreens), fare boxes, services, Sebastopol trams, operations, fares, wages and conditions, industrial problems and events of interest. Has hand written notes in ink or pencil on the operation of tram 24 (the first air-braked car), bands, showgrounds and the use of conductors from Bendigo at the start of the operations. Note Item Not formally Numbered.Numerous on page, mainly in ink.esco, sebastopol, operations, tramcars

Yields information about the occasional weather conditions that a tramway operation around Lake Wendouree could encounter - flooding.Black and White copy photograph of a newspaper photograph taken by The Courier - 27/5/1963, published 28/5/1963 of No. 14 in water (blocked drain), Wendouree Parade & St Aidans Dve - wading through the floods. Collected by Alan Bradley from the Ballarat Courier early 1980's. See Excel file "Record of Ballarat Courier Photos SEC era" (Archive Documents) for source of details. See Reg Item 5604 for original of newspaper cutting.On rear stamped "Copyright, The Ballarat Courier Proprietary Limited." and in pencil "B.C. Battern".tramways, trams, wendouree parade, flooding, st aidans drive, tram 14

Yields information about the occasional weather conditions that a tramway operation around Lake Wendouree could encounter - flooding.Newspaper clipping from The Courier, 28/5/1963, titled "Water Everywhere", of No. 14 in water (blocked drain), Wendouree Parade & St Aidans Dve - wading through the floods. See Reg Item 3735 for a print of the photograph. Contained originally within Reg Item 5507 at the back of the binder. For items see btm5507 loose items list.pdf "Monday 27-5-63", in ink.wendouree parade, flooding, st aidans drive

Has a strong association with the Ballarat tram crews and yields information about the working conditions, particularly during summer weather., Has a strong association with the Ballarat tram crews and yields information about the working conditions, particularly during summer weather.Typed quarto sheet with SEC letterhead titled "Motormen & Conductors - Uniforms - Dress during Humid and Uncomfortable Summer Weather". Gives the dress code of hot weather - different between conductors and motormen (drivers). Undated, possibly 1950's as four digit telephone number. Signed by L. J. Denmead as acting Departmental Tramways Superintendent.trams, tramways, motormen, uniforms, conductors, weather

William Withers and Edward Ryan drowned near Point Lonsdale on 19 October 1954 when they tried to enter the Rip at Port Phillip Heads against an ebb tide with a strong south-west wind blowing. They were sailing a large crayfishing boat, the 'Robert John', returning with a load of crayfish from King Island.Photograph shows William (Bill) Withers and Edward Ryan who worked in the local Queenscliff and Victorian fishing industry. The commercial fishing industry developed in Queenscliff from the 1860s, with early fishing developing around the couta boat and barracouta fishing. Crayfishing and shark fishing also became important, especially as the supplies and popularity of barracouta as a commercial species waned. Local Queenscliff fishermen often fished outside Port Phillip into Bass Strait and had to navigate the dangerous entry to Port Phillip, known as 'The Rip', with its turbulent and variable water and weather conditions. This added to the everyday dangers of sailing faced by fishermen in their industry. The local fishermen often had the local knowledge of these waters, but the fishing community in Queenscliff also lived with the threat or fear that the Rip could rob them of one of their own. The entrance to Port Phillip with this Rip is the scene of many shipwrecks,often resulting in tragic loss of life or injuries, including passenger and cargo ships travelling to/from Melbourne and Geelong as well as accidents to local Queenscliff and Port Phillip sailors such as the fishermen or sea pilots. A B/W photograph of two Queenscliff fishermen, William (Bill) Withers and Edward Ryaninformation about photo and donation handwrittten on backfishermen, queenscliff fishermen, withers, william withers, ryan, edward ryan, robert john crayfish boat, shipwreck, port phillip

Schuss was advertised as Victoria’s Official Ski Journal It was issued monthly from 1935 to 1961 except during the war when summer issues covered two months. This continued after the war, but it averaged 10 issues annually over its 25 year life. Schuss was published by the Ski Club of Victoria which had a membership of 38 Ski Clubs and demanded to be recognised as the prime authority on skiing in the state. The other 30 ski clubs with 85% of the members disagreed and the politics of skiing became heated. These clubs formed the Federation of Victorian Ski Clubs with their own journal, Ski Horizon. With the establishment of the Victorian Ski Association, Ski-Horizon published its last issue in Nov - Dec. 1955 and the role of the official journal was fully taken over by “Schuss”. This item is significant because it contains stories, images and information documenting the development of the ski industry in Victoria.The journal features stories and events chronicling developments in Victoria and internationally. Items related to the Falls Creek Area in this issue include:- Page 88 - BOOKINGS AVAILABLE AT SKYLINE LODGE July snow conditions are well-known to experienced skiers for their dry powder surfaces, fast running and reasonable weather generally. The lower mid-winter temperatures are mainly responsible for the crisp skiing atmosphere offered us during that month. It is surprising therefore to find that bookings for July this year are unusually light at all Victorian resorts. Skyline Lodge in particular, with its good transport, easy access, and usually abundant snow cover has everything to offer keen skiers: at present there are vacancies in its booking list through the month. Why ret sample is delightful skiing?schuss journal, the ski club of victoria, skyline

The Kangaroo Hoppet is Australia’s premier long distance cross country ski race, and a member of the Worldloppet series of international cross country ski events. The first race at Falls Creek was held in 1979 under the name of “Australian Birkebeiner”. It was a 21km race with about 80 participants organised by the Birkebeiner Nordic Ski Club of Mount Beauty. The course started and finished at Falls Creek Alpine Resort and took participants out into the Bogong High Plains. After running the event for 10 years, it was decided they should become part of the Worldloppet series of marathon ski races. Representatives from the Birkebeiner Nordic Ski Club and the Australian Ski Federation attended the Worldloppet Annual Meeting in Finland in June 1990 to put the case for the acceptance of an Australian event into the Worldloppet series. Before being admitted, they had to demonstrate that the Birkebeiner Club could run a world class event, so three months later in August 1990 a 42km event named the Australian International Ski Marathon was held at Falls Creek together with a 21km Birkebeiner race and a 7km event called the Birkebeiner Lite. The event was approved by delegates from USA, Norway and Austria, in 1991 Australia became the 12th member of Worldloppet, with the condition that there had to be a name change. After some late night discussion allegedly involving red wine from North East Victoria the main event became the 42km Kangaroo Hoppet, with the minor events being the 21km Australian Birkebeiner, and 7km Joey Hoppet. In the winter of 1991, the first Kangaroo Hoppet was held. It was a great success and has been a regular fixture on the international ski calendar ever since. It features the main 42km event as well as a 21km event and a 7km event. The Hoppet brings the Australian snowfields to an international audience. Unfortunately due to rapidly deteriorating snow conditions on the course, combined with a weather forecast of warm temperatures and rain in the days preceding the event, the Kangaroo Hoppet was cancelled for 2024.This poster is significant because it documents an event which brings international attention to Falls Creek and the surrounding region.A poster featuring a variety of symbols representing the Falls Creek Hoppet within the outline of a kangaroo head. Logos of Worldloppet, AGL, Falls Creek, Alpine Shire Council, the Birkebeiner Nordic Ski Club, Ski Classics and Kangaroo Hoppet are across the bottom of the poster. Text: KANGAROO HOPPET 24th August 2024 Australia's Premier XC Ski Race 7 km 21 km 42 km FALLS CREEK, VIC kangaroo hoppet, worldloppet events, falls creek, mt. beauty

This specimen was recovered from Mica Schist, Canada. Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide mineral with a chemical composition of CuFeS2. Its name derives from the Greek words for copper (chalco-) and brass (pyrite). It can be found in shades of yellow, green and grey, and, when exposed to acid, it can change to purple, blue, violet and yellow tones. Weathering can cause loss of its metallic luster and its brass-yellow colour. Chalcopyrite forms under various conditions, with the most significant deposits being hydrothermal in their origin. It is known globally as the most important ore of copper for thousands of years, and is thus considered a very important mineral formation. Given its golden appearance, it is often confused for the mineral gold, earning it the popular reputation as 'fool's gold' or 'yellow copper'. However, it can be straightforwardly distinguished from gold; the latter is soft, with higher specific gravity and a yellow streak, whereas chalcopyrite is brittle, easily scratched by a nail, and has a greenish grey streak. Copper was the first metal that was used by people. It was discovered by the Neolithic man about 9,000 years ago and it gradually replaced stone as it was easier to be shaped. In Australia, search for copper began after the European settlement, leading to the discovery of substantial deposits, like the one at the Olympic Dam in South Australia, which is regarded as one of the largest copper deposits in the world. Chalcopyrite has been used for copper since smelting processes began approximately five thousand years ago. Although by no means rare, this the specimen of this mineral can be used to reflect a wider history of industrial uses of copper for a significant portion of human history. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid hand-sized copper iron sulfide mineral of brass yellow, often with an iridescent tarnish, with greenish-black streak and submetallic luster. Chalcopyrite can be formed in several ways, including crystalizing from accessory minerals in igneous rocks, or from magma or within volcano sulfide deposits. Most commonly, chalcopyrite are found in hydrothermal conditions, where it forms in hydrothermal veins. As a member of the tetragonal crystal system, it often takes the shape of tetra-headed crystals, often with striations along the sides of the crystals. #18 Copper pyrites/(chalcopyrite) in/Laurentian Slate/(page 315 of inventory)/page missing from/descriptive catalogue/ Other label: 81 /fool's gold, chalcopyrite, mineral, rock, geology, geological, hydrothermal, neolithic, european settlement, olympic dam, south australia, stone, deposits, specific gravity, greenish grey streak, brittle, mineral gold, metallic luster, cufes2, greek words

Spiral bound booklet, plastic cover, blue binding (copy of original)blue back page cover. Thirty four page report 'assesses ground conditions, mining advance rates and support requirements in the weathered zone of the proposed Bendigo decline'. Summary of contents: Bendigo rock mass; boxcut; portal development; decline development (weathered zone); structural domains; rock property data; rock mass classification; portal excavation and support requirements; decline in the weathered zone; shotcreting and boxcut design. western mining corporation, bendigo, goldmining, williams united, northern boxcut, decline, bendigo mining nl, geotechnical, rock mass, rock classifications, bendigo rock mass, shotcreting, rockbolts

Photograph shows a Dummy or Grip Car with glass windshields at either end of the gripman's compartment and the sides of the side passenger seats in the first year's of M&MTB administration. This proposed weather protection for gripman was not adopted.Yields information about Brunswick Car Shed and Sydney RoadBlack and white newsprint photograph from The Argus, 1 November 1922, page 9. tramcars, tramways, cable trams, dummy, grip car, windshield, gripman working conditions