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City of Greater Bendigo - Civic Collection
Souvenir - Pamphlet commemorating the 1946 visit of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester to Bendigo, City of Greater Bendigo, c 1946
Paper pamphlet printed by the COGB and signed by Mayor David W Streader to thank the children who participated in the welcoming tableau for the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester to Bendigo, Thursday, 14th November, 1946. Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, KG, KT, KP, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, PC (Henry William Frederick Albert; 31 March 1900 – 10 June 1974) was the third son and fourth child of King George V and Queen Mary. He served as Governor-General of Australia from 1945 to 1947, the only member of the British royal family to hold the post. Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, GCB, CI, GCVO, GBE (born Alice Christabel Montagu Douglas Scott; 25 December 1901 – 29 October 2004) was the wife of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the third son of King George V and Queen Mary. She was the mother of Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester. The daughter of the 7th Duke of Buccleuch, Scotland's largest landowner, she became by marriage a princess of the United Kingdom, and a sister-in-law to Edward VIII and George VI. She was thus an aunt by marriage to Elizabeth II. Princess Alice was extremely well travelled, both before and after her marriage. At the time of her death at 102, she was the oldest living member of the British royal family. David W. Streader (1887 - 1978) was Mayor of Bendigo from 1946 - 47. He was a JP and belonged to the Loyal Sandhurst Lodge. Paper pamphlet printed in blue, purple and red ink by the COGB and signed by Mayor David W Streader to thank the children who participated in the welcoming tableau for the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester to Bendigo, Thursday, 14th November, 1946. Souvenir / City of Bendigo / To the Children who participated in the TABLEAU / welcoming THEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES, / THE DUKE and THE DUCHESS of CLOUCESTER / BENDIGO, Thursday, 14th November, 1946 / [ decorative line break] / After following with rapt attention the various phases / of the TABLEAU of WELCOME in THEIR honour, HIS ROYAL / HIGHNESS, THE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER, on behalf of the / DUCHESS and HIMSELF, said :- / [italics] "I am deeply moved by this magnificent spectacle. / Will you kindly convey my grateful thanks to all / concerned in the presentation of this beautiful / tableau ?" / in conveying this message to you, may I , as Mayor of / the City, add my personal congratulations and thanks to/ those of THEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES for such a delightful / effort. / [signed] David. W. Streader / Mayor duke and duchess of gloucester, governor-general, city of greater bendigo royal visits, city of greater bendigo tourism, mayor d.w. streader, mayoress streader -
Bendigo Military Museum
Certificate - CERTIFICATE, APPRECIATION BDSC 1996, Bendigo & District Servicemen's Club, C.1996
Jack Colston was a great worker and supporter of the Bendigo & District Servicemen's Club. This certificate was given to Jack in 1996. He was made a Life Member of the Club previously in 1987. With the Bendigo RSL Sub Branch he served on the Committee from1979 - 2000, 20 years, He was involved in Appeals for many years. He served in the RAAF in WW2.Certificate framed, timber black & gold. Certificate is blue background with all text in yellow, at the bottom a depiction of two hands shaking."In Appreciation - Bendigo & District Servicemen's Club and Committee - would like to show their Appreciation to - Mr Jack Colston - For his dedication to the Servicemen's Club over a number of years"brsl, smirsl, bdsc, appreciation -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Audio Tape, Phil Sadler's talk to T & D Historical Society on internment of German/Australian civilians
... internment of German/Australian civilians ...Phil Sadler's talk to T & D Historical Society on internment of German/Australian civilians in 1939 and subsequent war experiences - two sides.Audio tape HG 60Phil Sadler Tatura Historical Societypaul sadler, german australian civilian internments -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - GROUP PHOTOGRAPH, FRAMED, 1912 - 1914
This item is in a collection of 11 items donated by Stan Hutson. The majority relate to Frederick Arthur William Hutson No 3539 57th Bn AIF. Refer Cat No 922 for his service history. As this photo relates to pre WW1 taken at the Bendigo Race Course it will relate to Fredericks brother, Herbert Spencer Hutson No 3540 57th Bn. Herbert had pre war service in the 67th Militia Bn in Bendigo. Herb enlisted also in the 8th Reo’s 21st Bn and also transferred to the 57th Bn same day as his brother. Pre World War I Militia Unit. Taken at Bendigo Race Course stand. Black and white portrait of irregularly dressed soldier and one white dog. They are both seated and standing. Various head dress. Their rifles are Martini - Henry single shot. There appears to be a Chaplain in the group. Group size approx. 100 soldiers. In the grand stand behind them are various pieces of kit. They are probably Bendigo's 67 Infantry in front of the Bendigo Race Course stand. The frame is varnished timber circa 1912 - 1914.“W.R.Robinson photo Bendigo” The original ticket on the front is wrong as to place of photo taken.photography-photographs/frame accessories, military-army -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Booklet, Foreign Languages Publishing, US People Against U.S. War in South Vietnam, 1965-1978 (Approximate)
Yellowed paper and red. Booklet with 16 pages (including covers). Photo of Demonstration March in Washington - Nov 27 1965. Red print throughout pamphlet(Cover) - US People Against US War in South Vietnam Foreign Languages Publishing South Vietnampropaganda, booklet, pamphlet, sgt. a. moylan, 4 platoon, b coy, 7 rar, 7th battalion, 16063, royal australian infantry corps, arnold george moylan -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
CD, Kaye Watson, Tatura Museum and German War Cemetery, 2005
... Tatura Museum and German War Cemetery ...Photos at the German War Cemetery at Tatura taken during a visit by a European Trade Delegation on 15 November 2005. Photos taken by Kaye Watson.Gold disc, green and black text. Inside a black and clear plastic case.kaye watson, european trade delegation 2005, german war cemetery -
City of Ballarat Libraries
Photograph - Card Box Photographs, Ballarat German Laundry circa 1902
... Ballarat German Laundry circa 1902. ...Proprietors Carl & Caroline Schmidt with employees of the Ballarat German Laundry situated at 821 Howitt Street. This would later become the Ballarat Steam Laundry.ballarat german laundry, carl schmidt, caroline schmidt, commerical, building, howitt street -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, Open Family To Help Young People In Crisis, 1990
Article on placement of children in Community Placement Homes.Article on placement of children in Community Placement Homes to provide secure and stable environments for children between 13 and 17, after family breakdown. Brigitte Hammer of 'Open Family' Organisation said the Programme offers young people a chance to become part of a new family for a short time.Article on placement of children in Community Placement Homes.youth services, open family -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Administrative record - Hansard Extract, "Public Transport at Bendigo and Ballarat"
Illustrates questions in Parliament about the possibility of closure of the Ballarat and Bendigo systemYields information about the mooted closure of the SEC in Parliament, questions and concession fares.Hansard Extract - two sheets - titled "Public Transport at Bendigo and Ballarat", Question in Parliament from Mr Trezise (Geelong North) to the Minister of Transport Mr Wilcox, regarding the possible abolition of public transport in Ballarat on 12/3/1970. Also a second question regarding concession fares which had been removed when Geelong closed.parliament, tramway closure, ballarat, bendigo -
Bendigo Military Museum
Book, Adolf Galland, The First And Last . The German Fighter Force in World War II, 1955
... The First And Last . The German Fighter Force in World War ...Translated by Mervyn Savill. This is a translation of Die Essten Und Die Letzten published in Germany in 1953 by Franz Schneeklnth. First English edition published 4.4.1955.Pale blue buckram cover (hand cover), gold fading print on cover, black & white photo, 392 pages.books, military history, air force, german aircraft -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Video Tape, Abbreviated documentary for German TV on the adventures of Oskar Speck
... Abbreviated documentary for German TV on the adventures of ...Documentary filmed by Czweink's production partly in Camp 1 and the Tatura Museum. The abreviated form used to sell the full documentary, which was shown on German TV. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - Moving in/out at Specimen Cottage, Bendigo Advertiser, 23 April 2024
Bendigo Historical Society occupied Specimen Cottage in Hargreaves Street 2013 - 2020 as a front of House.Members of the Bendigo Historical Society moving into Specimen Cottage. Photo taken 09/04/2013. Barbara Johnson, Kay MacGregor, Phil Wilkin, David Hall.swimming pool, controversy -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Postcard, "Charing Cross and Pall Mall Bendigo", 1908
Printed black and white postcard of Charing Cross Bendigo with three trams in the view and several horse-drawn cabs. Has Town Hall and other buildings in the background. See item 3451 for a similar photograph with a different crop, produced for the visit of The American fleed in 1908. The card was printed in Saxony, Germany.Yields information about Charing Cross Bendigo and ESCo trams.Postcard - black and white, divided back, used as a letter.Hand written letter on rear.tramways, trams, bendigo, charing cross -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book, The King and People of Fiji
WARRNAMBOOL MECHANICS’ INSTITUTE Warrnambool's Mechanics' Institute (or Institution as it was sometimes called) was one of the earliest in Victoria. On 17th October 1853, a meeting was held where it was resolved to request the Lieutenant Governor of the Colony to grant land for the erection of a Mechanics' Institutes building. A committee was formed at the meeting and Richard Osburne chaired the first meeting of this committee. The land on the North West corner of Banyan and Merri Streets was granted but there were no funds to erect the building. The Formal Rights of the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute's encompassed its aims and these were officially adopted in1859; "This Institution has for its object the diffusion of literary, scientific, and other useful knowledge amongst its members, excluding all controversial subjects, religious or political. These objects are sought to be obtained by means of a circulating library, a reading room, the establishment of classes, debates, and the occasional delivery of lectures on natural and experimental philosophy, mechanics, astronomy, chemistry, natural history, literature, and the useful and ornamental arts, particularly those which have a more immediate reference to the colony." The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute opened its first reading room in November 1884 in the National School building at the corner of Banyan and Timor Streets. The Institute was funded by member subscription, payable on a quarterly, half-yearly or yearly basis. Samuel Hannaford, the Manager of the Warrnambool Bank of Australasia, was the first Honorary Secretary of the Mechanics' Institutes, and an early President and Vice-President. He also gave several of the early lectures in the Reading Room. Another early Secretary, Librarian and lecturer was Marmaduke Fisher, the teacher at the National School. Lecture topics included The Poets and Poetry of Ireland', 'The Birth and Development of the Earth', 'The Vertebrae - with Remarks on the pleasures resulting from the study of Natural History' and 'Architecture'. In 1856 the Reading Room was moved to James Hider's shop in Timor Street, and by 1864 it was located in the bookshop of Davies and Read. In the 1860's the Mechanics' Institute struggled as membership waned but in 1866, after a series of fundraising efforts, the committee was able to purchase land in Liebig Street, on a site then called Market Square, between the weighbridge and the fire station. A Mechanics' Institute building was opened at this site in August 1871. The following year four more rooms were added to the main Reading Room and in 1873 the Artisan School of Design was incorporated into the Institute. The same year Joseph Archibald established a Museum; however, it deteriorated when he was transferred to Bendigo in 1877. In 1880, with Archibald's return to Warrnambool, the Museum was re-established, and in 1885 a new building was built at the back of the Institute to accommodate the re-created School of Design, the Art Gallery and the Museum. In 1887 the Museum section was moved to the former courthouse in Timor Street (for some time the walls of the building formed part of the TAFE cafeteria but all is now demolished)). In 1911 the Museum was transferred back to the original building and the management of the Mechanics' Institute was handed over to the Warrnambool City Council. The Museum and Art Gallery became one and housed many fine works of art, and the Library continued to grow. The building was well patronised, with records showing that at the beginning of the 20th century there were between 500 and 800 visitors. During World War One the monthly figures were in the thousands, with 3,400 people visiting in January 1915. The Museum was a much-loved Institution in Warrnambool until the contents of the Museum and Art Gallery were removed to make room for the Warrnambool City Council Engineers' Department. The contents were stored but many of the items were scattered or lost. When the original building was demolished the site became occupied by the Civic Centre, which included the new City Library. (The library was temporarily located in the old Palais building in Koroit Street.) In the process of reorganisation the Collection was distributed amongst the community groups: -The new City Library took some of the historical books and some important documents, historic photographs and newspapers. -The Art Gallery kept the 19th Century art collection and some of the artefacts from the museum. -The Historical Society has some items -The State Museum has some items -Some items were destroyed -Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village has old newspapers, Government Gazettes, most of the Mechanics' Institute Library, ledgers and documents connected to the Mechanics' Institute Library, some framed and unframed artworks and some photographs. The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute Library book collection is deemed to be of great importance because it is one of the few collections in an almost intact state, and many of the books are now very rare and of great value. The King and People of Fiji Author: Joseph Waterhouse Publisher: Wesleyan Conference Office Date: 1866 The label on spine with typed text RA 996.11 WAT Inside Front, endpaper has a sticker from Warrnambool Mechanics Institute Inside front, endpaper has a stamp from Warrnambool Public Museum Handwriting on the Flypaper reads " Henty Findon 1866"warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, great ocean road, book, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, warrnambool public library, the king and people of fiji -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, Camp 13, German POWs, Theatre Production
... Camp 13, German POWs, Theatre Production ...Camp 13, German POWs, Theatre Production.|Seven of the band; H.Doehmen; H.Walter (waiter); Hans Waegelein (black skirt). G.A.Pohlig (girl); W.Heyn (haughty lady);photograph, people -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPH, FRAMED
Tobruk panorama. Black plastic frame, glass front, white cardboard backing, black & white photograph with cream border. Photo in 5 sections showing Tobruk township & surrounding landscape of desert & military vehicles. LHS bottom front: Donation info sticker Centre front: Tobruk sticker Blue sticker on backing: Bendigo City Framersphotograpy - photographs, frame accessories, tobruk -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Report, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), "Bendigo Tramways", 10/10/1947
Gives historical notes about the Bendigo trams, battery trams, steam, and then electric trams. Has a note about the early tracks and upgrading by the SEC, track relocation, overhead rehabilitation and rolling stock. Gives notes about acquisition of the trams ex MMTB, the Birneys and max traction trams.Yields a information about the early history of the trams in Bendigo. Gives information about the track, overhead and tramcars - 1947.Two page, typed notes on foolscap paper, titled "Bendigo Tramways", dated 10-10-1947, with initials "TT/DAS" in the top left hand corner. In top right hand corner in black ink "BTPS 406"trams, tramways, bendigo, sec, mmtb, track, overhead, rolling stock -
Bendigo Military Museum
Programme - PROGRAM, ANZAC DAY CEREMONY, Bendigo RSL Sub Branch, C. 1950 - 51
This program is most likely about 1950 - 51 before George Lansell is Knighted. Program, paper one page with ornate edging around, all print in blue. At the Top "Returned Soldiers Sailors Airmen's Imperial League of Australia Bendigo Sub - Branch", followed by "Anzac" - "In Memoriam" - "Day". The program covers, Hymns, Opening Address by the Mayor of Bendigo, Guest Speakers Address, Recessional, Last Post, Reveille, National Anthem."Commemoration Ceremony Upper Reserve April 25th" "Presided over by the President Bendigo Sub Branch Col G.V. Lansell V.D - M.L.C"brsl, smirsl, program -
Bendigo Military Museum
Newspaper - NEWSPAPER, BENDIGO ADVERTISER, Bendigo Advertiser, 1 May 1944
Newspaper contains articles related to the progress of World War Two in 1944. Part of the Kevin John Herdman, No, 397661, collection. See Cat No. 5942P for details of his service record.Four page broadsheet newspaper. Heading in Gothic script. Text in black type. Black and white photographs, black line diagrams and map. Various advertisements for products and services.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, world war two, kevin john herdman -
Bendigo Military Museum
Book - BOOK, THE 38th BATTALION AIF, Eric Fairey, 1920
Refer Cat No 2698.2, Arthur Stedman LOAM. Handwritten notes throughout the book by Arthur Loam.Book - Light cardboard cover, red print, sketch of a soldier, 110 pages."The 38th Battalion AIF" by Eric Fairey.passchendaele barracks trust, book, ww1, 38th battalion -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPH, SOLDIERS MARCHING, Bendigo Advertiser - Photographic Service. Photo order NR. DR143
Refer to service of Harry Burrell "MM". See Cats 290, 297.2P, 298.4Black and white photo showing Australian soldiers marching .303 rifles at "slope arms" position. They have pattern 37 basic webbing. They have different standards of dress. All have slouch hats in brim down position. They are wearing boots, A. B. leather with ankle gaiters.On rear is = Camp site 17, Seymour support Coy. 1st Nat. Service intake time?.aust soldiers, seymour camp, national service -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPHS: Photos of stained glass windows, Rats of Tobruk, c.1950 - 2000
See Dean Cat 4575P1-3 Coloured Photos of window and surrounds in a church. The window depicts Christ giving a blessing. At the top is a white dove, Below that is Rats of Tobruk Badge under which are places of Poland, UK, Australia, Czech. At the bottom are two steel helmeted men looking up at Christ. 4-5 Are newspaper cuttings of the same window. Black and White.The wording at the bottom states:- "In the Glory of God, And to the memory of those who served in the seige of Tobruk. May the Peace and Freedom they defended be reflected in the Light of the World.church windows, rats of tobruk -
Bendigo Military Museum
Literary work - BOOK, Eric Fairey & the 38th Battalion History Committee, the 38th Battalion AIF, 1920
Hughy Pippin 1895 C Coy 38th Batt AIF. This is his copy. Refer 1502 medals, 1513.4 documents.Book, soft cover, greyish colour. title at top with figure of a soldier in centre. Official history of the 38th Btn AIF.military, history, aif -
Bendigo Military Museum
Book, Bendigo Advertiser Pty Ltd and Cambridge Press Printers, The 38th Battalion AIF, 1920
paperback book. History of the 38 Btn by Eric Fairey. Woven cover, several watermarks, cover is repaired and spine is nearly adrift.Signed by the author Eric Fairey for Floyd Hutchinson 1923.books, military history -
Victorian Railway History Library
Book, Bendigo Trust Ltd, Bendigo's talking trams : present, past and future, 1973
A book on the history of Bendigo's trams. Includes a photograph of each tram and a brief history of the line.Ill, p.96.non-fictionA book on the history of Bendigo's trams. Includes a photograph of each tram and a brief history of the line.tramways - bendigo, trams - bendigo - history -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - Royal Australian Survey Corps Formal Dinner, 1966
These photographs were taken at a RASvy Corps Formal Dinner at the Army Survey Regiment in 1966. The formal dinner commemorated the 50th Year Jubilee anniversary of the Royal Australian Survey Corps’ formation. Known personnel in the photographs were Brigadier Don Macdonald AM, Director of the Survey Corps and LTCOL Frank Buckland OBE, who was the CO of the Army Survey Regiment. The 50th year Jubilee Dinner silver bowl often appeared as a centrepiece in Officer’s Mess functions.These six black and white photographs were taken at a RASvy Corps Formal Dinner at the Army Survey Regiment in 1966. The photographs were printed on photographic paper and are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The photographs were scanned at 300 dpi. .1) Photo, black & white, L to R: BRIG Don Macdonald AM, unidentified, LTCOL Frank Buckland OBE .2) Photo, black & white, 50th year Jubilee Dinner Bowl .3) Photo, black & white, L to R: BRIG Don Macdonald AM, unidentified, LTCOL Frank Buckland OBE, unidentified .4) Photo, black & white, L to R: BRIG Don Macdonald AM, unidentified .5) Photo, black & white, L to R: LTCOL Frank Buckland OBE, unidentified .6) Photo, black & white, L to R: LTCOL Frank Buckland OBE, unidentified royal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, asr -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Postcard, "Pall Mall Bendigo", 1910
Printed postcard of a busy scene at Charing Cross with two ESCo trams in the view. Many people are in the view along with the Alexandra Fountain, the Beehive building, Town Hall, the Shamrock Hotel, and on the left side a mine poppet head. The card was printed in GermanyDemonstrates a Bendigo postcard featuring Charing Cross and Pall Mall.Postcard black and white- divided back - used.in ink - dated 25/12/1910 from Arthur Grofrey wishing the receiver, J H Hooke - Bank of Australasia in Leongatha a Happy New Year.tramways, trams, bendigo, alexandra fountain, charing cross, esco, pall mall -
Bendigo Military Museum
Document - CENOTAPH RESTORATION BENDIGO, City of Bendigo, C.1984
This Document is the first in several plus photos and an article following the restoration of the Bendigo Cenotaph (Replica of the Cenotaph in Whitehall London). The letter is from the City of Bendigo Municipal Offices Lyttleton Terrace Bendigo is dated 13th April 1984 from the Building Surveyor Mr P.W. Phillips to Mr J.K. Barnes Secretary Bendigo RSL Sub Branch P.O.Box 449 Bendigo. Letter states that the Surveyors Report was adopted by Council on 21st November 1983 and would then be considered at Estimates later in the year. The Surveyors Report pages 2/3 gives a background report back to 1976 re its condition by the Building Surveyor at the time Mr R.H. Chellow and that an offer to fund at no cost was offered. Unfortunately this did not proceed. Council had approved funds for Stone work etc in the 1976/77 Estimates. The report is under several headings “Restoration of Cenotaph” being the history to this point. “Nature of Repairs Neccessary” - in brief, Extensive repairs, Granite structure is good, Sandstone needs 90% replacement, brick core in good order. “Estimate of Cost” A price of $30,000 for Budget purposes but could be as low as $25,000. “Recommendation” That Restoration be referred to the 1984/85 Estimates for consideration, copies to Bendigo RSL and State President RSL.Document 3 pages stapled together, front page is A4 and the pages 2/3 is Foolscap.Front page has a top section in blue, on the left is a depiction of a Mine Poppet Head, on the right is a Coat of Arms. The letter section is in black type, signed at the bottom in blue pen. Pages 2/3 are all black print.Page 1 points, Coat of Arms, “City of Bendigo - Progress”. “1968/84” - PWP:LT 32.7.1”. Page 2/3, “Building Surveyors Report - 21st November 1983 - B42/83 - (32.7.1)”brsl, smirsl, cenotaph, restoration -
City of Greater Bendigo - Civic Collection
Album - Photograph, George Lansell, Photographs of FORTUNA Bendigo, c. 1890's
Fortuna Villa is associated with the 180 Mine on the New Chum Reef. Historically ‘Fortuna’ is significant for the record it provides from 1855 to 1871 of Christopher and Theodore Ballerstedt, Australia’s first mining magnates and from 1871 to 1935 of the Lansell family, George Lansell (The Quartz King) being one of Australia’s most successful and adventurous nineteenth century gold mine owners and speculators. The photo album depict the ornamental lake, garden, Roman bath and Pompeii fountain, all features of the house. Bound blue cloth family photo album. Nineteen brown card 'pages' each with photograph adhered to both sides. Total of thirty eight black and white photographs depicting interior and exterior of Fortuna as well as the Lansell family, friends and pets. Photographs of FORTUNA Bendigofortuna villa -
Geelong RSL Sub Branch
Flag, Lombard The Paper People, Late 20th Century
The Australian flag was first unfurled on 3 September 1901, it comprises the Union Jack, below the Union Jack is a large six pointed star and the Federation Star representing the six States within the Commonwealth of Australia, in 1908 the star became a seven pointed star, to represent the Territories, in the fly of the flag, five stars symbolise the Southern Cross.This flag became the Australian Flag became upon Federation.Flag of Australiaflag, australia, federation