Showing 1016 items
matching australian timber
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Moorabbin Air Museum
Book (collection) - Handbook of Structural Timber Design
Commonwealth of Australia -
Moorabbin Air Museum
Book (collection) - Handbook of Structural Timber Design - Third Edition, Handbook of Structural Timber Design
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Moorabbin Air Museum
Book (collection) - Timber Engineering Design Handbook
F. Lindsley -
Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History
Painting, portrait, Robert Hannaford, 2013
Professor Kate Leslie was ANZCA President from 2010 - 2012. The portrait was commissioned by ANZCA to mark the presidential term of Professor Kate Leslie and was unveiled at the ANZCA staff Christmas event on the 15 November 2013. The artist, Robert Hannaford, is from South Australia and was a political catoonist. He has a long history of painting portraits of politicians and distinguished professionals in the field. Oil on canvas portrait of Professor Kate Leslie wearing the Presidential medal without the Presidential gown. She has her arms casually crossed in front with legs crossed, and is seated in front of a plain brown background. The painting is set in a wide timber frame.[lower RHS] HANNAFORD '13painting, leslie, kate, anzca president, hannaford, robert -
Dutch Australian Heritage Centre Victoria
Small wooden souvenir box (houten souvenirdoosje uit den Bosch)
Light timber square box with hinged lid. Lid: first line of popular song relating to place this box commemorates, viz den Bosch (s’Hertogenbosch) capital of province Brabant. Same line repeated on two sides of box. Illustration on lid shows male and female figures, female with basket. dutch souvenir -
Dutch Australian Heritage Centre Victoria
Official royal commisioning of a Dutch consul in Melbourne 9 May 1924, 1924
Signatories Queen Wilhemina on right, and foreign minister H. A. van Karnebeek on left. Authorised consul Ferdinand Henry Wright. Establishment of a Dutch consulate illustrates strengthening of bonds between Australia and Victoria Timber-framed document behind glass. See photographs consulate of the netherlands -
Dutch Australian Heritage Centre Victoria
Suitcase (Koffer)
Suitcase brought by Dutch immigrant.The fact that the owner reinforced and mended the suitcase suggests the Dutch trait of taking care of things and making them last. The stencilled initials suggest this case was probably stored in the hold.Brown painted suitcase of reinforced oilcloth with metal handle and two metal locks. A small door lock has been added to the lid which has been reinforced on the inside by a timber slat. A plywood slat has been added to the handle side of the case. The rims of lid and case are made of metal, as are the corners. The papered interior of both case and lid shows a small floral pattern in black and beige although, as part of the reinforcement, a coat of brown paint has been added to the inside of the lid and case, but not the bottom. Of the two straps designed to hold down the contents one is still in place, but the other has been replaced by a length of elastic. The original strap is made of cotton, now a dirty white with blue edging, and does up with a small metal buckle. The interior of the case shows a lot of wear and tear with evidence of multiple repairs. A small black metal chain holds up the lid, the corresponding one on the opposite side is missing. On the inside: the timber slat carries the name A.T.A. RIJKEN in black ink and also on a black Dymo label. On the outside: the handle side displays the initials A.T.A.R. and the figure 3 in white stencil. The lid bears evidence of a label in the bottom left hand corner. The lock, added by the owner, is 3cm in diameter and branded ELZETT Made in Hungary.luggage -
Dutch Australian Heritage Centre Victoria
Container - Cabin Trunk (Hutkoffer)
Multiple labels suggest it was used many times for travel to and from Netherlands and Dutch East Indies.Black timber trunk clad with metal, metal strap on edge of lid, wooden slats on lid,, one missing; metal hinges, locks padlock type. Inside lined with with ticking pattern cotton cloth, remains of black strap. Remains of four stickers on lid.Stencilled name in white O. COERPER, repeated in larger letters painted on. On middle wooden slat Buissink, remains of previous name. Lower salt, Melbourne painted in light blue letters. Stickers: left side of lid, white sticker with red ring and red B inside. On lower left side of lid, remains of sticker with Stoomvaart Maatschappij. Sticker on top right hand corner of lid, Black and white square cargo sticker,Javakade. Niet voor de reis, Not wanted; Passiegiersgoed. Name, port of discharge, Melbourne schip possibly Johan van Oldenbarneveld. Final destination. 49, remainder blurred. Remains of sticker central lower lid. Locks with D.R.P. stamped. Coerper painted on front, Remains of white sticker on left side of front. -
Dutch Australian Heritage Centre Victoria
Wooden Plaque
The VOC sent its trading ships to the (then) Dutch East Indies to collect spices and other goods. In the 17th century accurate navigation was not always possible and ships might end up on the wild, unchartered West Australian coastline. Item recalls the fact that the WA coast was unintentionally visited by Dutch ships during the 17th and 18th centuries. Because the coast was so unattractive the Dutch did not try to settle the country.Large rectangular timber plaque with scalloped edges depicting historic shipwrecks of Western Australia.An insert reads: "Historic Shipwrecks of Western Australia (Protected as of 1983). Coastal cities are marked with their names and dots along the coastline indicate wreck sites. Most are named and dated; others marked as unidentified. An inset map deals with the area around Fremantle and shows a large number of wrecks. A separate typed notice attached to the map identifies the five known Dutch wrecks - all ships of the VOC - Vereennigde East Indian Compagnie (Dutch East India Company). Further than that there are a distance scale and a compass. -
Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Museum and Archives
Sculpture - Hygieia, 2004
Hygieia (Ύγεια, lit., “healing”) probably began as an abstraction, which later became personified. She does not appear to be a deity of extremely ancient origin, and there has been much scholarly debate as to exactly where and when worship of her first developed. Her cult most likely arose in the territory of Sikyon, where she was worshipped along with Asklepios, the legendary god of medicine. In later times Hygieia came to be regarded as the daughter of Asklepios, although her cult was not introduced to Epidauros, his principal sanctuary, until at least the 4th century BC. The earliest large-scale devotion to her is found in the aftermath of the Plague of Athens (420BC). The cult of Hygieia was taken to Rome, along with that of Asklepios (Æsculapius), in 293BC, to avert a pestilence. Here she gradually became integrated with the old Italian god Salus. Towards the end of the pagan era both Hygieia and Asklepios lost their specific associations with medicine, and became general protective deities. A beautiful wooden statue representing Hygieia, the Greek goddess of health.The figure is highly polished, which brings out the intricate grain of the timber. In it, the sculptor has endeavoured to combine the qualities of a classical pose with a contemporary yet timeless surreal sensuality. It will stand on a stone pedestal about 90cm high, and be placed in a prominent location in the Melbourne headquarters. The College’s statue is semi-abstract in style, carved from a single piece of jarrah. The piece of timber from which it is fashioned was salvaged from the remains of a century-old shearing shed on Rifle Downs, at Darkan in the south-west of Western Australia. -
St Patrick's College
Wooden plaque, Trophy House Pty Ltd, Palma Merenti, 1990
Representatives from all Edmund Rice Colleges across Australia come together each year at a different College. This plaque was presented to St Patrick's College from a fellow Edmund Rice school, Rostrevor College, Adelaide.A timber plaque with a brass shield, 'Palma Merenti', and below the shield is a brass engraved plate with inscription.Inscription reads: Rostrevor College Adelaide / Presented to / St Patrick's College / 26th April 1990. -
St Patrick's College
Wooden plaque, Ballarat Trophies & Gifts, 1994
Rectangular timber plaque with attached picture of joggers above a brass etched plate.Walkabout Leisurewear / Australian Ekiden / Section Winner 1994 / School Communities / St Patrick's College. -
St Patrick's College
Wooden plaque
... Timber plaque with Australian Red Cross logo and banner...St Patrick's College melbourne Wooden plaque Timber plaque ...Timber plaque with Australian Red Cross logo and banner attached, with small brass etched plate at top of plaque.St Patrick's College / In appreciation of their continuing support for / 'Red Cross Calling' / May 1985 / Australian Red Cross Society / Victorian Division. -
Scouts Victoria
Plaque, Baden-Powell Janaury 1977
Presented to the Boys Scouts of Victoria from the contingent of Boy Scouts of Nippon attending 11th Australian Jamboree at Rosmoyne Park, Dandenong - January 1977A thank you for Victorian/Australian hospitalityFree standing -Timber with metal embosed head of Baden-Powell, plus inscription on front"Baden Powell of Gilwell" - "In appreciation / 11th Australian Jamboree / from / Boy Scouts of Nippon / January,1977"scouts, australian jamboree, baden-powell -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Booklet, The Story of Gulf Station, Yarra Glen, 2002
... of the oldest and most intact timber farm complexes in Australia ...Gulf Station is one of the oldest and most intact timber farm complexes in Australia. It also reflects the story of the Bell family who built it and it their home and livelihood for almost one hundred years. The property is now managed by the National Trust of Australia (Victoria)non-fictionGulf Station is one of the oldest and most intact timber farm complexes in Australia. It also reflects the story of the Bell family who built it and it their home and livelihood for almost one hundred years. The property is now managed by the National Trust of Australia (Victoria)gulf station, yarra glen, bell family, farming -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Peter Pidgeon, Grave of William MacMahon Ball and Katrine S. Ball, Eltham Cemetery, Victoria, 5 April 2021
William MacMahon Ball (‘Mac’ Ball) was Professor of Political Science at Melbourne University from 1949 to 1968, having lectured there since 1923. He became known as an ABC commentator on international affairs from the early 1930s to the early 1960s. Between 1940 and 1944 he was Controller of Overseas Broadcasting (which later became Radio Australia). In 1945, he was political consultant to the Australian Delegation at the conference leading to the establishment of the United Nations, and in 1946 was the British Commonwealth Representative on the Allied Council during the post-war occupation of Japan. Mac and his wife Katrine (plus daughter Jenny) came to Eltham in 1942, and in 1945 moved into an old timber cottage at the eastern end of York Street. With help from Alistair Knox, Sonia Skipper, Gordon Ford and John Harcourt, the house was totally renovated to become an early example of Eltham mud-brick. Mac died in 1986 and is buried in Eltham Cemetery with Katrine. Part of their land backing onto Bridge Street was donated to Eltham Shire Council and is now a reserve called MacMahon Ball Paddock. In Loving Memory W. MacMahon Ball A.C. 29. 8. 1901 – 26. 12. 1986 Also Katrine S. Ball 1st Nov. 1899 to 29th Oct. 1991 Loved wife of Mac. Ball Mother of Jenny Grandmother of Bronwyn, David and Michael Much belovedBorn Digitaleltham cemetery, gravestones, katrine s. ball, william mcmahon ball -
Waverley RSL Sub Branch
Desk Set H.M.A.S. Sydney
HMAS Sydney was a Chatham class light cruiser of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Laid down in 1911 and launched in 1912, the cruiser was commissioned into the RAN in 1913. During the early stages of World War I, Sydney was involved in supporting the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force, and escorting the first ANZAC convoy. On 9 November 1914, the cruiser defeated the German cruiser SMS Emden at the Battle of Cocos. During 1915 and 1916, Sydney operated on the North America and West Indies Station, before joining the 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron at Greenock, Scotland in November 1916. On 4 May 1917, the cruiser was involved in an inconclusive action against the German zeppelin L43; neither was damaged. During late 1917, Sydney became the first Australian warship to launch an aircraft, and the first warship to do so from a rotatable platform. After the war's end, Sydney spent a year in reserve before being reactivated to serve as Flagship of the RAN. The cruiser was decommissioned in 1928 and broken up for scrap. Several sections of the ship, including her bow and foremast, have been preserved as monuments, and three of the ship's main guns saw later use in shore fortifications.A number of these desk sets were manufactured and given to the Headmasters of selected schools throughout Australia in recognition of the efforts of school children in assisting the War effort during World War IMade from timber extracted from a companionway or staircase in the battle cruiser H.M.A.S. Sydney 2 x 5 cm.square glass containers are fitted. Blue attachment advising,wood from H.M.A.S. Sydney h.m.a.s. sydney, desk set, r.a.n -
Waverley RSL Sub Branch
Two up pennies & kip
Two up has been played by Australians since 1850's. It was popular during WWI, during which time the soldiers referred to the game as SWY (which came from the German Zwei which is the word for two.) It's popularity continued through WWII and the BCOF constantly ran "SWY" schools. The game is now only legal to be played on Anzac day in Victoria, but in other states also on remembrance day. Pennies must be from before 1938 as "Kangaroo" pennies are not acceptable.A formed piece of light timber with inserts for 2 pennieskip, pennies, swy, two up, swy school -
Waverley RSL Sub Branch
Carved Baton, Carved by a native
This baton was carved by a native at ower corner.The Kokoda track in Papua/New Guinea was the scene of fierce fighting during WWII. Australian troops halted the Japanese advance,turning defeat into victory.Mr Vic Geisler was a member of 39 battalion AIF during 1942.This baton was carved for him.A piece of timber carved as a baton. The handle has the name of Sgt.V.J.Geisler carved into it,and a hash type pattern around itSgt.V.J.Geislerkokoda, baton, native, carved -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photo album page, Photo Album; Eltham Christian school, Nyora Road, Eltham, 1993
The Stokes family settled in this area of Eltham in the 1940s and were associated with the Eltham Christian Church. In the 1970s this church had met in temporary premises in Eltham. Lots of the original 1920s subdivision remained south of Nyora Road and a number of these lots were utilized for the Eltham Christian School, which was established by the Eltham Christian Church in 1981. The school operated on this site until 2000. The premises were owned by the Nillumbik Community Church who were in operation till November 2010 when the Eltham Baptist Church commenced a lease arrangement until the site was purchased by them in April 2012. The building is constructed of brick and timber with a balcony on two sides that looks over an expanse of grass. Sources: STOKES ORCHARD – AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY February 28, 2015 http://www.elthamhistory.org.au/ Australian Christian Church Histories - Eltham Baptist Church http://www.churchhistories.net.au/church-catalog/eltham-vic-baptist/ From a magnetic spiral bound photo album featuring a series of photographs (some cropped) with captions relating to the staff, students and activities of the Eltham Christian School which operated as part of the Eltham Christian Church at Nyora Road, Eltham. See also entries for each photograph.Page from spiral bound magnetic photo album with photographs and captionseltham christian school, nyora road -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
photograph, Eltham Christian School, Nyora Road, Eltham, 16 September 1993, 1993
Eltham Christian School, Nyora Road, Eltham, 16 September 1993 - rear of the building The Stokes family settled in this area of Eltham in the 1940s and were associated with the Eltham Christian Church. In the 1970s this church had met in temporary premises in Eltham. Lots of the original 1920s subdivision remained south of Nyora Road and a number of these lots were utilized for the Eltham Christian School, which was established by the Eltham Christian Church in 1981. The school operated on this site until 2000. The premises were owned by the Nillumbik Community Church who were in operation till November 2010 when the Eltham Baptist Church commenced a lease arrangement until the site was purchased by them in April 2012. The building is constructed of brick and timber with a balcony on two sides that looks over an expanse of grass. Sources: STOKES ORCHARD – AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY February 28, 2015 http://www.elthamhistory.org.au/ Australian Christian Church Histories - Eltham Baptist Church http://www.churchhistories.net.au/church-catalog/eltham-vic-baptist/ From a magnetic spiral bound photo album featuring a series of photographs (some cropped) with captions relating to the staff, students and activities of the Eltham Christian School which operated as part of the Eltham Christian Church at Nyora Road, Eltham. See also entries for each photograph.Colour photographeltham christian school, nyora road -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
photograph, Principal Trevor Nollis and Teacher Jean Bellis with visitor Mrs Edith Phillips and the children of Eltham Christian School, 16 Sep 1993, 1993
Principal Trevor Nollis and Teacher Jean Bellis with visitor Mrs Edith Phillips and the children of Eltham Christian School, 16 Sep 1993 -at the rear of the building. The Stokes family settled in this area of Eltham in the 1940s and were associated with the Eltham Christian Church. In the 1970s this church had met in temporary premises in Eltham. Lots of the original 1920s subdivision remained south of Nyora Road and a number of these lots were utilized for the Eltham Christian School, which was established by the Eltham Christian Church in 1981. The school operated on this site until 2000. The premises were owned by the Nillumbik Community Church who were in operation till November 2010 when the Eltham Baptist Church commenced a lease arrangement until the site was purchased by them in April 2012. The building is constructed of brick and timber with a balcony on two sides that looks over an expanse of grass. Sources: STOKES ORCHARD – AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY February 28, 2015 http://www.elthamhistory.org.au/ Australian Christian Church Histories - Eltham Baptist Church http://www.churchhistories.net.au/church-catalog/eltham-vic-baptist/ From a magnetic spiral bound photo album featuring a series of photographs (some cropped) with captions relating to the staff, students and activities of the Eltham Christian School which operated as part of the Eltham Christian Church at Nyora Road, Eltham. See also entries for each photograph.Colour photographeltham christian school, nyora road, trevor nollis, jean bellis, edith phillips -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
photograph, Principal Trevor Nollis and Teacher Jean Bellis with visitor Mrs Edith Phillips and the children of Eltham Christian School, 16 Sep 1993, 1993
Principal Trevor Nollis and Teacher Jean Bellis with visitor Mrs Edith Phillips and the children of Eltham Christian School, 16 Sep 1993 - at the rear of the building. The Stokes family settled in this area of Eltham in the 1940s and were associated with the Eltham Christian Church. In the 1970s this church had met in temporary premises in Eltham. Lots of the original 1920s subdivision remained south of Nyora Road and a number of these lots were utilized for the Eltham Christian School, which was established by the Eltham Christian Church in 1981. The school operated on this site until 2000. The premises were owned by the Nillumbik Community Church who were in operation till November 2010 when the Eltham Baptist Church commenced a lease arrangement until the site was purchased by them in April 2012. The building is constructed of brick and timber with a balcony on two sides that looks over an expanse of grass. Sources: STOKES ORCHARD – AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY February 28, 2015 http://www.elthamhistory.org.au/ Australian Christian Church Histories - Eltham Baptist Church http://www.churchhistories.net.au/church-catalog/eltham-vic-baptist/ From a magnetic spiral bound photo album featuring a series of photographs (some cropped) with captions relating to the staff, students and activities of the Eltham Christian School which operated as part of the Eltham Christian Church at Nyora Road, Eltham. See also entries for each photograph.Colour photographeltham christian school, nyora road, trevor nollis, jean bellis, edith phillips -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Tillings timber yard, Bridge Street, Eltham, 1968
Tillings started as a small family owned business in Eltham, in Bridge Street Eltham and is now a major timber supplying business with branches all over Australia specialising in cedar. It operated in Bridge Street in the light industrial area and also stored timber on other blocks within the light industrial area. Digital copy of colour photographfred mitchell collection, 1968, eltham, bridge street, n.j. tillings, tillings timber yard -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Print - Port Melbourne Football Club, Team of the Century, Ausdart Picture Framing, 2003
... listed on side also administration staff. Brown moulded timber ...Colour print number 017 of 500 - Port Melbourne Football Club - Team of the Century. Players and dates listed on side also administration staff. Brown moulded timber frame.sport - australian rules football, port melbourne football club, pmfc, team of the century, gary brice, bill mcgee, bill swan, cyril letts, thomas griffin, jack macfarlane, jack reynolds, john julius sinn, norm goss snr, norm goss jnr, fred cook, peter bedford, tommy lahiff, bob bonnett, carl bowen, joe garbutt, bob kelsey, vic aanensen, reg murray, frank johnson, rob freyer, ted freyer, brian walsh, rob withers, graeme anderson, bill bedford, david holt, david king, stan plumridge, bill findlay -
Parks Victoria - Wilsons Promontory Lightstation
Box
The grey painted heavy wooden, homemade box has a freehand inscription in black on outside, which reads ‘LEVINGS To MAAT IS’. The writing refers to Alan and Marlene Levings, who began their twenty-two year career in lightkeeping with a posting to Tasman Island, off Port Arthur, in the 1960s. After four years they moved to Maatsukyer Island off south-west Tasmania, Australia’s southern-most lightstation, followed by postings to South Bruny, Eddystone Point and Wilsons Promontory. The robust box journeyed with the Levings through their postings to five lightstations and came to rest at Wilsons Promontory when Alan retired. It is not known whether the box was used in an office or domestic context. The movement of people and objects is a significant and unique theme that runs through the history of Australia’s lightstations. This historical process relates Victoria to the much bigger story of Australia’s network of lightstations. Alan Levings has been described as an extremely interesting character and artist. When Levings was a lightkeeper at Wilson’s Promontory, delivery of goods was by boat, then off the boat by a winch and onto the back of a truck. For this reason, packing boxes in earlier years had to be extremely robust. Today, anything that is not carried into Wilson’s Promontory Lightstation by foot, comes by helicopter, eradicating the need for heavy packing boxes such as Levings’. This humble box has first level contributory significance for its reliable provenance which traces its journey through five lightstations; for its association with a former lightkeeping family; and for contributing to an understanding of the pattern of lightstation life.Wooden box, light blue/grey painted. Made of horizontal pieces of timber with some tin reinforcment on the sides. Writing in black on side of box.On side of box in freehand,"LEVINGS To MAAT IS" -
Tarnagulla History Archive
Smith Letters
John Smith was a carpenter and/or timber merchant who emigrated from England to Australia. He settled in Launceston in 1834-6. In 1836 he married Susannah (of Birmingham, nee Bradney/Bradbury, daughter of a gunsmith). Their first child was born in Launceston in 1837 (records in Wesleyan Church). They set out to try the Californian goldfields but at Tahiti they received such bad news about the Californian goldfields that they changed their minds and returned to Port Phillip. Apparently, John Smith's nephew George died of T.B. less than a year after arriving at Tarnagulla. John Smith, Susannah and two of their 9+ children are buried in St Kilda Cemetery (Wesleyan sector). They were lifelong members of the Wesleyan Church. A John Smith, carpenter was listed as being a business in Wellington St, St Kilda 1856-1860. Donald Clark Collection.Eleven photocopied pages. Four pages are a letter (date circa 1990s) from S.A.S. Smith of England to Lorna Goltz of the Tarnagulla Gold n Rocks Museum. It explains the context of some accompanying photocopied historical letters. All the letters relate to S.A.S. Smith's ancestors who lived in Tarnagulla for a time. The photocopies are of: 1) Letter dated 15th April 1857, written and sent from St Kilda by John Smith 2) Letter dated October 24th, 1866, written and sent from Tarnagulla by John Smith 3) Letter dated October 17, 1866 written and sent from Tarnagulla by George, nephew of John Smith. -
Victorian Railway History Library
Book, Frank Stamford, The McIvor Timber and Firewood Company Tooborac, Victoria, 2014
A history of the company which operated from 1906 to 1927, supplying firewood to Bendigo. Includes details of rolling stock and the line. Includes illustrations. Toobaroc is in the Shire of Mitchell local government area.Index, bib, ill, maps, p.104.non-fictionA history of the company which operated from 1906 to 1927, supplying firewood to Bendigo. Includes details of rolling stock and the line. Includes illustrations. Toobaroc is in the Shire of Mitchell local government area.fuelwood industry -- victoria -- tooborac -- history., logging railroads -- victoria -- tooborac -- history. -
Melbourne Legacy
Certificate - Document, certificate, The Australian National Flag Association, 1984
A framed certificate that acknowledges that Melbourne Legacy was a member of The Australian National Flag Association (ANFA) in 1984. The ANFA is an association that promotes and defends the use of the flag of Australia.A record that the ANFA recognised Legacy's work as a positive contribution to preserving the Australian Flag.Glass, black wooden frame, mottled off white paper, picture wire, white tape and compressed timber backing. Top centre:- The Australian Flag. Centre:- The Australian National Flag Association, Victorian Division This is to certify that The Legacy Club of Melbourne is a Corporate member of The Australian National Flag Association, Victorian Division Bottom:- Date 6th June 1984. signed Bruce Ruxton Chairman. A. Harnel.Hon Secretary australian flag, membership -
Hymettus Cottage & Garden
Chair, Chip carved chair
Chip carving was a popular hobby/pastime from the arts and crafts movement of the 1890s and remained a popular folk art until the 1920s.This is an example of a popular folk art hand-carved chair made in Australia in the early twentieth century.Hand-carved timber chair, by an unknown enthusiast in the Warrnambool area. Made using the 'chip carving' technique, with whorls and star design in relief on the seat. The timber finish has been given an ebonised tone. Chip carvings