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Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Geological specimen - DVD AND DOCS RELATING TO GIANT FOSSIL SPERM DISCOVERY (MIOCOENE ERA OSTRACOD)
DVD & docs relating to Giant Fossil Sperm Discovery (Miocene era Ostracod) John Neil - Hon. Research Associate, La Trobe university, Bendigo; 14th May 2014. Supportive/descriptive printed documents and proceedings related to this discovery. ''World's Oldest Sperm'' etc. The contents of the DVD disc have not been recorded into this computer.giant fossil sperm, john neil -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Newspaper, The Argus, "Combined Crossover installed at Kooyong", 23/01/1925 12:00:00 AM
Photocopy of an article from The Argus, 23/1/1925, page 9 extracted through Trove, titled "Combined Crossover installed at Kooyong" with a photograph of the level crossing, replacement of track leading up to the Tramway or Railway Square. The disc signal for trams has been highlighted in yellow. Item made by Robert Green 18/9/2017trams, tramways, victorian railways, glenferrie road, level crossings, tramway square, trackwork -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Manuscript, Peter J Barry, "Signalling and Operations on the Tramway System in Bendigo", April 1990
Draft of an article with notes/additions by Keith Kiings on the signalling system and tramcar operations in Bendigo. Looks at the basic services, crossing loops, signalling, following movements (Bendigo used a white disc on the tram to indicate a following tram, Ballarat did not use this system), short workings, reversals, observations of actual workings. Includes a map drawn by Keith Kings in 1972. Published in the September 1990 issue of Somersault, by the Signalling Record Society of Victoria.Yields information about the operation of the Bendigo tramway system using the Forest City Signalling system.Six A4 pages of a draft of an article by Peter Barry and correspondence to Keith Kings re "Signalling and Operations on the Tramway System in Bendigo, April 1990.tramways, trams, bendigo, signalling, forest city, operations, crossing loops, srsv -
Bendigo Military Museum
Accessory - IDENTITY DISCS
Dog tags used to identify service personnel specifically if WIA or KIA. Showing name, Service No, Religion and Blood group. Clive Vincent Horan RAAF, enlisted 13.3.1944 age 29 years, mustered as a “Flight Rigger” 15.10.1944, listed as served on Morotai 13.4.1945 to 24.5.1945, Tarakan 25.4.1945 to 14.11.1945, discharged from the RAAF on 13.2.1946.Set of two Identity Discs on back cord. 1.Round dog tag with one hole, silver in colour tied with a black cord. Number, Name, Service and letters R.G. engraved. 2. Octagon shaped dog tag with 2 holes. Silver in colour and tied with black cord. Number, name and Service engraved on one side as is letters R.C.Engraved in both No." 147965", name "HORAN C.V." "RAAF" AND LETTERS "R.C”dog tags, accessory, identity disc -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Barber's Chair
The first factory manufactured chairs date to c1850. With a foot rest in 1878 and with a mechanically raised and lowered chair. Chairs have an adjustable height with foot operated jack or hand operated lever on the side. The chair can also rotate, or lean backwards (for hair washing and shaving) and has a head rest .Old Barber's chairs are made from metal and leather and are heavy. Mt Beauty township had a Barber's business during the construction of the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme and beyond. ""Sam The Barber" was an original Kiewa character. Probably for 45 years cut the hair of thousands of Kiewa workers with his scissors, hand clippers and cut throat razor." Ref. online: "The Mt Beauty & Murray connection"Brown leather padded seat, back rest, headrest and armrest. At the front of the arm rest is a wooden section (maybe for a cuppa?). The chair has a steel frame and foot rest. There is a large white enamel disc under the seat and a white enamel stand with a steel perimeter. A metal lever joins from the back of the footrest to the base enabling the chair to be tilted back.Embossed on foot rest: "Raynor"barber's chair, hair dressing, mt beauty shops, shaving -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Functional object - String Dispenser, mid-19th century
This dispenser was most likely used for holding and dispensing string. It was used in the Cramond and Dickson store, which operated in Warrnambool from 1855 + 1974. John Glass Cramond and James Dickson migrated from Scotland to Melbourne where they opened a Cramond and Dickson store in St Kilda. They were inspired by the growth in Warrnambool after a visit and opened a second store there in 1855. The Cramond and Dickson store, grocers – drapery – ironmongery - chemist, was located on the corner of Liebig and Timor Streets, Warrnambool (now the site of a Mexican restaurant). Both Cramond and Dickson were involved in the business and social aspects of Warrnambool’s community. Cramond and Dickson closed in 1974. An advertisement placed by Cramond and Dickson in The Camperdown Chronicle, Saturday 6th April 1895, states them “showing the latest novelties for the coming winter season” … “import directly from English and Continental manufacturers” … “representatives in London … always in touch with the Newest Continental Fashions” ... “having been established for so many years we know the requirements of the Western District”… “allow 5 percent discount on goods paid for at the time of purchase”. [references: local historian John Lindsay, Warrnambool City Council’s CBD Heritage Trail leaflet, The Camperdown Chronicle, Facebook “Lost Warrnambool” site; WDHS Journal Volume 49 No2 2015] The string dispenser is significant for being used at the local historical Cramond and Dickson department store in Warrnambool It is also of significance as it is an example of office equipment used in many stores for the wrapping and securing of parcels.Dispenser for string; spindle, reel or spool with cylindrical axle in centre, a wooden disc at each end. A length of wire is attached to each end and bend into a 'U' shape, with three loops formed across the base of the 'U'. Item came from Cramond and Dickson store in Warrnambool and was possibly used for dispensing string, with the wire being used as a handle or for mounting.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, dispenser, string dispenser, cramond and dickson, department store, office equipment, commerce, packaging -
Robin Boyd Foundation
Audio - Recording, Phillips
The Boyds purchased their record player and sound system from Thomas’s in Melbourne. Patricia Boyd (later Davies) was very interested in opera and was later appointed to the Board of the Australian Opera.Mozart: Sonaten fur Klavier und Violine, KV 380 und KV 306, Variationen uber, Helas, J'ai perdu mon amant", KV 360. LP 33RPM Vinyl, Catalogue Number: 6500 144, Cardboard packaging, paper sleeve, 1 Vinyl disc, cover notes by Hans Christoph Worbs. Ingrid Haebler, Henryk Szeryng.lp, sound recording -
Tennis Australia
Action game, Circa 1916
'Grasshopper Tennis' game. Contains four bone discs, four painted wooden miniature paddles, a rules pamphlet and a tournament invitation/instruction sheet. Inside of box line with printed felt (as 'court') and miniature net attached to hinge of box. Two metal net braces are missing. Materials: Cardboard, Ink, Wood, Metal, Natural fibre, Felt, Bonetennis -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Photograph - Card with Envelope, Hawthorn Historical Society Inc, "Images of Hawthorn: Card 2", c2000
Card with a with an envelope and contained within a plastic envelope: Photo of a PMTT electric tram in Glenferrie Road, at the railway level crossing. Shows "The Don" department store and the level crossing catch point disc signal on the left hand side. Photo c1913. Has details of the photograph, source and the Hawthorn Historical Society on the rear of the card. One of a series of five cards.trams, tramways, hawthorn, glenferrie rd, level crossings, pmtt -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPHS, 1) 1980’s, .2) c. 1950 - 53
.1) Jack Gerdson and Norm Tupper both served in Korea. .2) Norm Tupper. Norm Tupper, refer Cat No 6860.1) Photo, coloured, taken in an old drill Hall, Mollison Street, Bendigo. Shows 2 men & 1 lady with picture boards on stands behind them. .2) Photo, black & white, waist up portrait taken of an Australian soldier with tilted slouch hat, sleeves rolled up & ID disc partly visible. Korean vintage. .1) Marked on rear: “Jack Gerdsen, Norm Tupper & Mrs Tupper”photography-photographs, passchendaele barracks trust, korea, royal australian survey corps -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Document - Folder, McDonald/Draper
The McDonald and Draper families were pioneers of the Arthur's Creek and Kangaroo Ground areas. Contents Letter from Ross McDonald, 26 May 2010, to Eltham District Historical Society, enclosing copy of booklet prepared for McDonald/Draper family meeting 8 April 2010 at Arthur's Creek Mechanics Institute. Booklet mentions, among others, Harry Gilham, Rob White, Ruby McDonald. Disc and print of Powerpoint presentation to Eltham District Historical Society on McDonald/Draper families. Newspaper clippings, A4 photocopies, etcross mcdonald, mcdonad/draper families, arthur's creek victoria, kangargoo ground victoria, harry gilham, rob white, ruby mcdonald, memorial tower kangaroo ground, charles draper, garden hill kangaroo ground -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - IN SEARCH OF HAMILTON HILL, 9/11/23
Hamilton Hill (Harold Hill 1858- July 1910) was a baritone singer born in Bendigo. In 1897 he was a member of Mr Bracy's Opera Company. In 1899 he left for San Francisco and then onto London in 1910. He began recording on both cylinders and discs in London in 1903 (as such he was the first Australian to make recordings for a mass audience). He toured extensively in Britain and the US, with occasional return tours to Australia. He died of consumption in Los Angeles leaving a widow and one child.A paper detailing the nearly lost history of famous Bendigo singer Hamilton Hill and his tours overseas.hamilton hill, theatre, music -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Gellhorn pessary associated with Dr Frank Forster
This is the 'old' style of Gelhorn pessary, which is similar in appearance to the Matthews-Duncan disc and stem and the Simpson's shelf gutta-percha. "This type of pessary was used in cases of complete procidenture... thus preventing dragging on the posterior wall of the bladder and the associated incontinence of which most patients complained. When wearing a large pessary with a small pessary, the uterus often came down beside the pessary." (Dr. A.J.Helm-Montigue, Down Bros Ltd. Surgical Instruments and Appliances, p. 1038.Black vulcanite pessary . Consists of a rigid short think stem with bulb at the distal end, and a solid flange at the proximal end.intrauterine device, pessary -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
photograph - Set of 3 Black & White - ESCo trams Bendigo - Easter, Peter Duckett, c1947
Set of three photographs of early Bendigo trams photographed by Peter Duckett, Easter Monday 1946 or 1947 1 - Bendigo 18 - note the white disc held by a crew member. View St at Charing Cross. Tram has the destination of City. 2 - Original car No. 9 (in final form) and open bench car, either 17 or 18, probably at Ironbark Gully loop. Tram has destination of Quarry Hill. 3 - Original ESCo cars - Charing Cross.Yields information about Bendigo trams during Easter 1946 or 1947Set of three black and white photographs by Peter Duckett.Details the image on the rear of the print in ink.bendigo, tramcars, esco, bendigo tramways, tram 18, tram 9, charing cross, easter -
Vision Australia
Award - Object, Takeo Iwahashi prize plaque, 1988
Plaque commemorating the awarding of the Takeo Iwahashi Prize to Hugh Jeffrey in 1988. Takeo Iwahashi was the founder of the Nippon Lighhouse for the Blind in Japan. He made an enormous contribution to the lives and progress of blind people around the world, and was a great friend of Helen Keller. The annual Takeo Iwahashi Award was founded in his memory and is awarded to a "worker for the blind whose contribution to work for the blind in the fields of education, training, rehabilitation, placement, prevention and cure of blindness, administration of services for the welfare of the blind or any other program related to the welfare of the blind has been outstanding." The plaque features two roughly rectangular wooden veneer boards, one smaller layered on top of the larger, with the top edges aligning. On the smaller top layer is a round metal disc featuring a raised relief portrait of Takeo Iwahashi. Printed above in gold lettering is the following: The 13th Annual Takeo Iwahashi Prize Mr Harold Hugh Jeffrey" Below the disc is printed "March 16 1988. Nomination Committee Takeo Iwahashi Award. Nippon Lighthouse, Welfare Center for the Blind." On the back of the plaque is a metal plate with a Braille transcription of the text.1 wooden block with metal plaqueThe 13th Annual Takeo Iwahashi Prize Mr Harold Hugh Jeffrey March 16 1988. Nomination Committee Takeo Iwahashi Award. Nippon Lighthouse, Welfare Center for the Blind.hugh jeffrey, awards -
Bendigo Military Museum
Souvenir - MEDALLION, BOER WAR, c.1900
Souvenir token issued to acknowledge the return of Australian troops from the South African (Boer) War in December 1900.Two sided circular copper coloured disc struck as a souvenir to welcome home troops from the South African War. The device has a profile of a woman's head surrounded by flags & a crown. Under the head are words: British Transvaal 1899-1900. The reverse has two hands joined. Surrounded by words. A hole has been drilled in the top to take a chain.Obverse side: “British Transvaal 1899-1900” Reverse side: “Return of troops from South Africa Dec 1900. Welcome home Australians”numismatics - medals - commemorative, metalcraft - copperware, souvenir, boer war -
Federation University Historical Collection
Article - Compact Disc, PMI, 17 Most Wanted, 1996
Separate to the combined Visual Arts exhibition held at the Mt Helen Campus, the third year graphic design exhibition ran from 15 to 24 October 1996 at the ANZ Gothic Bank, Corner Collins and Queen Street, Melbourne. Exhibition opened by invitation on Tuesday 15 October 1996 at 6.00pm. Review of Graphic Design graduate work, 1996. Compact Disc (CD Rom) printed four colour process on front, in clear plastic sleeve. University of Ballarat, Bachelor of Art (Graphic Design) Graduate Exhibition and promotional material, 1996. The interactive/multimedia CD Rom was developed using Macromedia Director 5.0, finalised on 11 September 1996. 67.7Mb of data. university of ballarat, federation university, graphic design, mark molloy, hilario vila pouca, gavin nash, robert connelly, paul lynch, ross morgan, w hewitt, j patella, j jones, r braybrook, t roth, c dorrington, b tiley, k mibus, j rowland, k gration, b marshall -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Medal - Commemorative medal, 1897
This coin was found in the ground at Glenormiston, South West Victoria, in 1940. The medal was commissioned by Mayor W. J. Hickford and issued by the Town of Warrnambool in 1897 to commemorate the 60th jubilee of the reign of H.M. Queen Victoria. The medal is significant for recognising the 60th year of reign of Queen Victoria, after whom our State of Victoria was named. It also has significance in showing the early design of the City of Warrnambool's Coat of Arms, which includes the British Coat of Arms. Commemorative medal, HM Queen Victoria's Jubilee, issued by the Town of Warrnambool in 1897. A round, gilt metal disc with plain edges and a drilled hole in the top. The Obverse shows the Queen's profile, young and old, The Reverse has Warrnambool Town's coat of arms including a sailing ship, a sheave of wheat and a rising sun, with a motto below them. The medal has stamped inscriptions.Obverse "QUEEN VICTORIA'S 60TH YEAR OF REIGN" / 1837 TO 1897". Reverse " TOWN OF WARRNAMBOOL / W J HICKFORD MAYOR" and the motto "BY THESE WE FLOURISH"flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, medal, medallion, numismatics, commemorative medal, jubilee medal, queen victoria, queen victoria’s 60th jubilee, 1837-1897, town of warrnambool, 60th jubilee, young queen victoria, older queen victoria, warrnambool coat of arms, warrnambool symbols, warrnambool mayor, mayor hickford, ad 1837-1897, 50 years reign, glenormiston, w j hickford, by these we flourish, city crest, city coat of arms -
Robin Boyd Foundation
Audio - Recording, Decca (The Decord Record Company Limited)
The Boyds purchased their record player and sound system from Thomas’s in Melbourne. Patricia Boyd (later Davies) was very interested in opera and was later appointed to the Board of the Australian Opera.Scheherazade - Polovtsian Dances. LP 33RPM vinyl, Catalogue Number: SXLA 2268, Paper packaging, plastic sleve, 1 Vinyl disc, cover notes, no author listed, made in Australia, distributed by EMI (Australia) Limited, Sydney. L'orchestre de la Suisse Romande with Choeur Des Jeunes and Choeur De Radio Lausanne, Conductor Ernest Ansermet and Andre Charlet.lp, sound recording -
Tennis Australia
Board game, Circa 1977
'Winning Tennis'' board game. Complete according to Rules pamphlets: contains one 'ball' (flat disc), Server marker (flat square), two score boards, two 'courts' (double sided board), four miniature players, and four dice. Also contains two rules pamphlets and two instructions sheets. Materials: Cardboard, Paper, Ink, Plastic, Glue, Metaltennis -
Montmorency/Eltham RSL Sub Branch
Medal - Medal Group, British War & Victory
Ancestor of Sub Branch memberPte. Dempster was an ancestor of a Montmorency/Eltham sub-branch member.British War Medal Silver disc with a straight clasp suspender without a swivel Ribbon (in clasp) - wide central watered stripe of orange, flanked by two narrow white stripes, which are in turn flanked by two black pin-stripes, further flanked by two outer stripes of blue Obverse ... bare headed effigy of King George V (by Sir Bertram Mackennal) facing left with the legend around circumference Reverse ... St. George on horseback trampling shield of eagle (symbol of "Central Powers"); above is rising sun of victory. Victory Medal Bronze disc with circular loop which is threaded with ribbon Ribbon - a ‘two rainbow’ design, with the violet from each rainbow on the outside edges moving through to a central red stripe where both rainbows meet Obverse ... image of "winged Victory" Reverse ... inscription surrounded by laurel reathBritish War Medal Obverse ... GEORGIVS V BRITT OMN : REX ET IND. IMP. (George V, King of all the British Isles and Emperor of India) Reverse ... 1914 1918 Rim ... Pte J. H. Dempster, 24 BN AIF Victory Medal Obverse ... no inscription Reverse ... THE GREAT WAR FOR CIVILIZATION 1914 - 1919 Rim ... Pte J. H. Dempster, 24 BN AIFwar service medals, ww1 -
Robin Boyd Foundation
Functional object - Bookends
Boyd designed the exhibition for the opening of the Australian Chancery in Washington DC held in June 1969. He designed six cylindrical clear acrylic display cases. One of these exhibits used an anamorphic optical illusion, using compressed images which had normal proportions when viewed through a lens of the half-cylindrical display cases. These bookends were designed as a small scale model for the Chancery exhibition. Placing the disc (item F158) underneath the adjacent two half-cylindrical bookends demonstrates how the bookends behave as a lens.Two half cylindrical acrylic prismsaustralian chancery, walsh st furnishings, robin boyd, ohm2022, ohm2022_3 -
Bendigo Military Museum
Book - NOTE BOOK, 1918
Full name: Robert Sinclair John Mackay, POB Caithness, Scotland. Training notes: "B" is about bearings - navigation. "G" is for guard duty, "H" is for human frame with drawing and notes - skull to toes - bones. "H" is for hemisphere - finding north in north and south hemispheres. "M" Map reading. "Q" Quarter master rules. "R" Road Railway river recon report. "R" .303 Cartridge design and Ballistics. "R" - duties of an R.S.M. "S" - Stretcher drill. Syphilis, Gonorrhea. "ST" is for stables routine. "W" is for words of command, Ambulance formations. At the very back of the book, is a list of numbers in 3 columns. Mackay enlisted on 8.9.1914 No 907 in the 3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance, embarked for Eygpt 2.2.1915, embark for Gallipoli 25.10.1915, Hospital 21.11.1915 (just said “Disc”) while in Eygpt he is hospitalised again with Bronchial Pneumonia rejoin unit 2.4.1916, hospital 6.11.1916 with Bruised Thigh, promoted Cpl 18.2.1918, hospital 4.8.1918 with Catarrhal Jaundice, rejoin unit 14.9.1918, promoted Sgt in the field 29.1.1919, hospital 26.4.1919 (unclear), hospital 20.6.1919 with Fractured right Disc, embark for England 23.7.1919, RTA 4.1.1920, Discharged from the AIF 22.2.1920. Pocket sized address book which has been used as a Training Exercise book. The cover is made of dark buckram. Inside are sections labelled A - Z, with lined pages or each section. First page has written in pencil: - “CPL ROBERT S. MACKAY, 907 3rd L.H.F.A. 3rd L.H. Brigade, A.M.D. MOASCAR 2 Jnay 1918”.ww1, lighthorse, training notes, 3rd field ambulance -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Functional object - Signalling Lamp, c. 1940
This hand-held signalling lamp could have had a number of uses. It could have been used by groups such as the Boy Scouts or most likely was used by local air raid wardens and other military personnel in World War Two. Its large face and the reflecting mechanism would have made it useful over a long distance.This lamp is of historical interest and is retained for display and research purposes.This is a cylindrical metal lamp with a clear glass front attached to the lantern by metal screws. The lantern has been painted black. There is an electric bulb behind the glass and a reflector disc behind the bulb. A handle, attached to the metal body, has two strands of electrical wiring at its end. The handle includes a finger clip, which, when pressed, produces a signal inside the glass area.signalling lamp, world war two military equipment -
Frankston RSL Sub Branch
Tag, Identification
A pair of serviceman's personal identification tags, Vietnam era, issued to (Private) H (Herman) E (Emil) ERBACHER, who was born in Germany, 12/2/1948 and served with the 4RAR from 12/5/1968 to 30/5/1969. These tags are attached to a jungle green coloured nylon cord, 2mm diameter. One identification tag is a circular disc and the other tag is an octagon shape.39351 (Regimental number - Australian Regular Army - not National Service conscript) HE ERBACHER RC (Religion, Roman Catholic) O POS (Blood group) -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - DISC COLLECTION: GEORGE COOP COLLECTION OF PHOTOS BENDIGO TRAMS 1956 TO 1967, 1956-1978
DVD ( 801 in disc library ) of personal photos of Bendigo Trams taken by George L Coop,of 33 Bass Street, Box Hill. Pictures taken in the period 1956 - 1967. George was a 'fairly frequent visitor to Bendigo or passing through it as I worked in Echuca 1959 - 64. A camera was a handy companion in those days which are fondly remembered' ( letter dated 3 Jan 2018)bendigo, tramways, bendigo trams 1956-78 -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Accessory - Pipe cleaning tools
Donated by Box Hill Historical SocietySmall metal ring with three pipe tools attached there is a hook attached to the ring to attach tools to belt. etc. Tamper used to push the tobacco down into the bowl of the pipe, this has a round disc on end of stem which is hinged. A knife like tool which is used to clean out the bowl of the pipe. A tweezer like tool possibly used to take the tobacco out of the pouchHallmarks on tamper and knifelike toolpersonal effects, smoking accessories -
Robin Boyd Foundation
Audio - Recording, L'oiseau-Lyre
The Boyds purchased their record player and sound system from Thomas’s in Melbourne. Patricia Boyd (later Davies) was very interested in opera and was later appointed to the Board of the Australian Opera.Handel: Harp and Lute Concertos/Concerto Grosso (Alexander's Feast). LP 33RPM vinyl, Catalogue Number: SOL 60013 / OL 50181, Cardboard cover, paper sleeve, 1 Vinyl disc, cover notes by Thurston Dart, printed in England by Robert Stace. Music played by Philomusica of London, Carl Pini (Leader), Thurston Dart (Organ and Harpsichord continuo); Conductor Granville Jones.lp, sound recording -
Robin Boyd Foundation
Photograph - Transparency
Boyd designed the exhibition for the opening of the Australian Chancery in Washington DC held in June 1969. He designed six cylindrical clear acrylic display cases. One of these exhibits used an anamorphic optical illusion, using compressed images which had normal proportions when viewed through a lens of the half-cylindrical display cases. The bookends (item F157) were designed as a small scale model for the Chancery exhibition. Placing the disc (item F158) underneath the adjacent two half-cylindrical bookends (item F157) demonstrates how the bookends behave as a lens.Photocopy of a image on a transparencyaustralian chancery, robin boyd -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Instrument - Scale, Early 20th century
The basic balance scale has been around for thousands of years and its accuracy has improved dramatically over the last several centuries, the principle behind this tool remains unchanged. Its parts include a fulcrum, a beam that balances on it, a pan at the end of the beam to hold the materials to be weighed, and a flat platform at the other for the counter-balancing weights. Balance scales that require equal weights on each side of the fulcrum have been used by everyone from apothecaries and assayers to jewellers and postal workers. Known as an unequal arm balance scale, this variety builds the counterweight into the device. Counter scales used in dry-goods stores and domestic kitchens often featured Japanned or (blackened) cast iron with bronze trims. Made by companies such as Howe and Fairbanks, the footed tin pans of these scales were often oblong, some encircled at one end so bulk items could be easily poured into a bag. Seamless pans were typically stamped from brass and given style names like Snuff (the smallest) and Birmingham (the largest). Some counter scales were designed for measuring spices, others for weighing slices of cake. In the 18th century, spring scales began to appear and would use the resistance of spring to calculate weights, which are read automatically on the scale’s face. The ease of use of spring scales over balance scales. One of the most common types of spring scales was the kitchen scale also known as a family or dial scale. Designed for horizontal surfaces, these vintage kitchen scales used the weight of goods in a pan at the top of the scale to force the spring down rather than the balance system. Such scales were common in early 20th century households and were sold by many companies. Many had flat weighing surfaces but some were topped by shallow pans. Companies such as Salters, Chatillon, and Fairbanks were the most popular brands used. These scales are significant as they identify one of the basic preparation items for the weighing of foodstuff in the family kitchen to prepare everyday meals. This item is significant as it gives a snapshot into domestic life within the average home in Australia around the turn of the twentieth century and is, therefore, an item with social relevance. Black cast iron, medium weighing scales, with a fulcrum which the beam that balances on, there is as scoop at one end for the material to be weighted and a flat circular disc at the other end that holds the weights. Around the cast iron base is an embossed leaf pattern. All the weights have their weight embossed within the casting.There are 5 weights, marked 2 oz, 4 oz,8 oz,1 lb,2 lb, This scale does not have any visual markings on the arms to identify a maker or true balance. It is therefore assumed that these scales were made for domestic use only.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, spring scale, scale