Interpretive sign and 4 photos Central Nell Gwynne Gold Mine, used in display. Central Nell Gwynne was located near the corner of Marong Road and Happy Valley Road. Opened in 1906, ceased operation in December 1949. Total production: 61,884 ounces of Gold. Today's Value: $99,014,400. Photos: a. Colour photo, concrete footings at mine site, April 2012. b. Colour photo, Central Nell Gwynne poppet head, April 2012.Poppet head painted white with red trim. Concrete footings in foreround. c. Central Nell Gwynne mine site 1930's. Poppet head and engine room sheds on LH side, trestle way to primary crusher and crushing battery. Tailing dam in immediate foreground. on RH side. Sand heaps in middle foreground. d. Central Nell Gwynne Mine 1930. Underground view, men holding carbide lamps working at 265 level in mine. Large quartz spur formation visible in foreground.bendigo, mining, central nell gwynne

The Yellow-billed Spoonbill is a waterbird which can be commonly seen wading through shallow waters. This particular variety of Spoonbill is found across Australia, mostly in the northern and well-watered inland areas. It resides in freshwater wetlands, dams, lagoons and swamps. The species feeds on mainly aquatic insects and larvae. The bill has vibration detectors called papillae inside the spoon which enables the bird to feel the vibrations of its prey in murky water. These birds nest in the colonies of other birds like the Ibises and Royal Spoonbills. They live in high forks of trees over water or in reed beds. This specimen is part of a collection of almost 200 animal specimens that were originally acquired as skins from various institutions across Australia, including the Australian Museum in Sydney and the National Museum of Victoria (known as Museums Victoria since 1983), as well as individuals such as amateur anthropologist Reynell Eveleigh Johns between 1860-1880. These skins were then mounted by members of the Burke Museum Committee and put-on display in the formal space of the Museum’s original exhibition hall where they continue to be on display. This display of taxidermy mounts initially served to instruct visitors to the Burke Museum of the natural world around them, today it serves as an insight into the collecting habits of the 19th century.This specimen is part of a significant and rare taxidermy mount collection in the Burke Museum. This collection is scientifically and culturally important for reminding us of how science continues to shape our understanding of the modern world. They demonstrate a capacity to hold evidence of how Australia’s fauna history existed in the past and are potentially important for future environmental research. This collection continues to be on display in the Museum and has become a key part to interpreting the collecting habits of the 19th century.The Yellow-billed Spoonbill specimen is a large taxidermy of mainly white colouring. The bill is a large and unique spoon shape and is yellow. The long gangly legs and the skin on the face are also yellow. The eyes are made from a black and yellow glass and the bird is stylized standing on a square wooden platform. A paper identification tag is tied to the bird's upper left leg.6c. / [illegible] / Spoonbill / taxidermy mount, taxidermy, animalia, burke museum, beechworth, australian museum, skin, reynell eveleigh johns, bird, australian birds, spoonbill, yellow-billed spoonbill, yellow billed spoonbill, waterbird

The people in the photograph were enjoying a day out at a Sunbury race meeting some time in the early 1900s. Races at Sunbury began in 1886 with the establishment of the Sunbury Racecourse that was located along Racecourse Road on a section of the Rupertswood Estate on land consisting of six furlongs and two straights. The site included a patron’s stand, saddling paddock, bookmakers’ enclosure, two bars, a committee room, judges box, stables, toilets, six entrance gates and ticket boxes. Special trains from Melbourne brought patrons and horses to the Sunbury race meetings. A report in the Melbourne Argus newspaper in 1922, stated that city taxi drivers came out to Sunbury to drive patrons to the racecourse, which was located about 3 kms from the Sunbury station. Some time however, between 1886 and 1901, there was a period when the racing club had been inactive. A meeting was called in 1901 to restore the club’s activities. With a substantial loan from Mr. Clarke the committee was able to organise the installation of a turnstile, perimeter fencing and irrigation of the course by a windmill that pumped water from a recently constructed dam that was on the estate. The club continued to function until 1942, during World War 2, and did not resume activities after the end of the war. The land was eventually sold for housing development. The Sunbury Race meetings were popular with the racing fraternity not only in the district but further afield and were deemed sufficiently important to run special trains from Melbourne to Sunbury on Race days.A non-digital sepia photograph with a strong cardboard backing of a crowd of people dressed smartly for a day out at the races. Most of the spectators are seated in a long marquee. Three men on the RHS are looking at a horse that is lying on the ground.On the back of the card there are scribbled notes and numbers which seem to indicate the photograph has been used for a publication at some time.sunbury race meetings, sunbury race course, racecourse road

Hilda Hill Collection.Series of Black & White Photos Hill Family & Friends Total 5 Photos. Clem & Jim out bush, both boys are wearing dark coloured shorts and long socks boy on left has white stripes at top of the socks with braces white shirts bottom right corner shows a piece of barb fence wire. 'Babe' Noonan contemplating hatless and wearing a white dress and dark stockings, Bill Hill (lady) by lake wears round top hat with the front brim turned up white dress highlights on the lapels black belt with a black bag attached columbine pattern on her stockings standing on dam bank background is forested area. Family Group 'The Push' made up of 7 young ladies and 4 boys one of which wears a hat one girl is dressed in black all others are in white on girl is wearing a hat with another on the ground beside her girl front right has a s part black bag hanging around her neck. Hilda Hill on 2 steel wheeled apparatus with long shaft at the front being held by a man dressed in grey suit with white shirt and dark tie another man is standing rear right of the girl also wearing grey suit white shirt and dark tie, Mid left side shows a heavy wheeled cart loaded with full bags at Summer Hill March 8, 1925. rear background has large willow tree, right background shows corner of large shed and haystack Also noted in pencil -At The Pines 1919. There is also a photo of two ladies facing the camera both wearing hats one light and the other dark colours lady on left is wearing dark jacket over a white dress lady on right wearing white dress and long tress forward over her shoulder two other ladies have their backs to the camera both wearing white one has black sash at her waist and head coverings, The venue appears to be a large dam and background shows far shore and bushland.Hilda Hill Personal Collectionaustralia, history, post war life

Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25,000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64,397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. mining, gold, tin, barge, sluicing, gold mining, tin mining, cocks pioneer, el dorado, eldorado

Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25 000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64,397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. gold, tin, mining, sluicing, gold mining, tin mining, cocks pioneer, el dorado, eldorado

Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25,000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64,397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. mines, mining, tin, gold, tin mining, gold mining, sluicing, cocks pioneer, el dorado, eldorado

Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25 000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64,397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. mining, mines, gold, tin, gold mining, tin mining, sluicing, cocks pioneer, el dorado, eldorado

Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25 000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64,397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. Handwritten across photograph: "PIONEER" - ELDORADO / F FOXCROFT PHOTO.mining, mines, gold, tin, gold mining, tin mining, sluicing, cocks pioneer, el dorado, eldorado

The Hedge, aka Thomas Knee's house. Thomas Samuel Knee (born c. 1881in Lilydale) married Jane Maggs c. 1912, Thomas Samuel Knee's father Thomas Knee (married to Sarah Hardidge and who it appears was also an orchardist in Yarra Road) was rated for the land as vacant land at the turn of the century (c. 1900) Thomas Samuel Knee rated as owner of vacant land (CA14B of over 20 acres1911-12 and as a house 1912-13, next year CA 14C added making a total of 39 acres. It appears that Thomas Samuel Knee and his wife Jane lived at the property until 1949 when they moved to Montrose. In 1949 it was purchased by Hubert Victor (Vic) Eggleton after they migrated from Banstead in Surrey England. They had four boys Peter (who did a lot of the farming with Gladys), Brian, Michael and Roger. It was mixed farming: lemons, cherries, eggs, chickens and Gladys bred Spaniel dogs too. They had 2 dairy cows and a draft horse. The farm was larger then and was subdivided at a later date. The big dam was added too. the painting of the house was painted by a cousin of the Lusks. Ownership: Thomas Samuel Knee 1912-1949, Eggletons, 1949 - c.1953, then Timms, c. 1953 - early 1970s then Lusks early 1970s to c. 2012. The Lusks built a new house and after that the old house had various tenants.

The Hedge, aka Thomas Knee's house. Thomas Samuel Knee (born c. 1881in Lilydale) married Jane Maggs c. 1912, Thomas Samuel Knee's father Thomas Knee (married to Sarah Hardidge and who it appears was also an orchardist in Yarra Road) was rated for the land as vacant land at the turn of the century (c. 1900) Thomas Samuel Knee rated as owner of vacant land (CA14B of over 20 acres1911-12 and as a house 1912-13, next year CA 14C added making a total of 39 acres. It appears that Thomas Samuel Knee and his wife Jane lived at the property until 1949 when they moved to Montrose. In 1949 it was purchased by Hubert Victor (Vic) Eggleton after they migrated from Banstead in Surrey England. They had four boys Peter (who did a lot of the farming with Gladys), Brian, Michael and Roger. It was mixed farming: lemons, cherries, eggs, chickens and Gladys bred Spaniel dogs too. They had 2 dairy cows and a draft horse. The farm was larger then and was subdivided at a later date. The big dam was added too. the painting of the house was painted by a cousin of the Lusks. Ownership: Thomas Samuel Knee 1912-1949, Eggletons, 1949 - c.1953, then Timms, c. 1953 - early 1970s then Lusks early 1970s to c. 2012. The Lusks built a new house and after that the old house had various tenants.

The Hedge, aka Thomas Knee's house. Thomas Samuel Knee (born c. 1881in Lilydale) married Jane Maggs c. 1912, Thomas Samuel Knee's father Thomas Knee (married to Sarah Hardidge and who it appears was also an orchardist in Yarra Road) was rated for the land as vacant land at the turn of the century (c. 1900) Thomas Samuel Knee rated as owner of vacant land (CA14B of over 20 acres1911-12 and as a house 1912-13, next year CA 14C added making a total of 39 acres. It appears that Thomas Samuel Knee and his wife Jane lived at the property until 1949 when they moved to Montrose. In 1949 it was purchased by Hubert Victor (Vic) Eggleton after they migrated from Banstead in Surrey England. They had four boys Peter (who did a lot of the farming with Gladys), Brian, Michael and Roger. It was mixed farming: lemons, cherries, eggs, chickens and Gladys bred Spaniel dogs too. They had 2 dairy cows and a draft horse. The farm was larger then and was subdivided at a later date. The big dam was added too. the painting of the house was painted by a cousin of the Lusks. Ownership: Thomas Samuel Knee 1912-1949, Eggletons, 1949 - c.1953, then Timms, c. 1953 - early 1970s then Lusks early 1970s to c. 2012. The Lusks built a new house and after that the old house had various tenants.

The Hedge, aka Thomas Knee's house. Thomas Samuel Knee (born c. 1881in Lilydale) married Jane Maggs c. 1912, Thomas Samuel Knee's father Thomas Knee (married to Sarah Hardidge and who it appears was also an orchardist in Yarra Road) was rated for the land as vacant land at the turn of the century (c. 1900) Thomas Samuel Knee rated as owner of vacant land (CA14B of over 20 acres1911-12 and as a house 1912-13, next year CA 14C added making a total of 39 acres. It appears that Thomas Samuel Knee and his wife Jane lived at the property until 1949 when they moved to Montrose. In 1949 it was purchased by Hubert Victor (Vic) Eggleton after they migrated from Banstead in Surrey England. They had four boys Peter (who did a lot of the farming with Gladys), Brian, Michael and Roger. It was mixed farming: lemons, cherries, eggs, chickens and Gladys bred Spaniel dogs too. They had 2 dairy cows and a draft horse. The farm was larger then and was subdivided at a later date. The big dam was added too. the painting of the house was painted by a cousin of the Lusks. Ownership: Thomas Samuel Knee 1912-1949, Eggletons, 1949 - c.1953, then Timms, c. 1953 - early 1970s then Lusks early 1970s to c. 2012. The Lusks built a new house and after that the old house had various tenants.

The Hedge, aka Thomas Knee's house. Thomas Samuel Knee (born c. 1881in Lilydale) married Jane Maggs c. 1912, Thomas Samuel Knee's father Thomas Knee (married to Sarah Hardidge and who it appears was also an orchardist in Yarra Road) was rated for the land as vacant land at the turn of the century (c. 1900) Thomas Samuel Knee rated as owner of vacant land (CA14B of over 20 acres1911-12 and as a house 1912-13, next year CA 14C added making a total of 39 acres. It appears that Thomas Samuel Knee and his wife Jane lived at the property until 1949 when they moved to Montrose. In 1949 it was purchased by Hubert Victor (Vic) Eggleton after they migrated from Banstead in Surrey England. They had four boys Peter (who did a lot of the farming with Gladys), Brian, Michael and Roger. It was mixed farming: lemons, cherries, eggs, chickens and Gladys bred Spaniel dogs too. They had 2 dairy cows and a draft horse. The farm was larger then and was subdivided at a later date. The big dam was added too. the painting of the house was painted by a cousin of the Lusks. Ownership: Thomas Samuel Knee 1912-1949, Eggletons, 1949 - c.1953, then Timms, c. 1953 - early 1970s then Lusks early 1970s to c. 2012. The Lusks built a new house and after that the old house had various tenants.

The Hedge, aka Thomas Knee's house. Thomas Samuel Knee (born c. 1881in Lilydale) married Jane Maggs c. 1912, Thomas Samuel Knee's father Thomas Knee (married to Sarah Hardidge and who it appears was also an orchardist in Yarra Road) was rated for the land as vacant land at the turn of the century (c. 1900) Thomas Samuel Knee rated as owner of vacant land (CA14B of over 20 acres1911-12 and as a house 1912-13, next year CA 14C added making a total of 39 acres. It appears that Thomas Samuel Knee and his wife Jane lived at the property until 1949 when they moved to Montrose. In 1949 it was purchased by Hubert Victor (Vic) Eggleton after they migrated from Banstead in Surrey England. They had four boys Peter (who did a lot of the farming with Gladys), Brian, Michael and Roger. It was mixed farming: lemons, cherries, eggs, chickens and Gladys bred Spaniel dogs too. They had 2 dairy cows and a draft horse. The farm was larger then and was subdivided at a later date. The big dam was added too. the painting of the house was painted by a cousin of the Lusks. Ownership: Thomas Samuel Knee 1912-1949, Eggletons, 1949 - c.1953, then Timms, c. 1953 - early 1970s then Lusks early 1970s to c. 2012. The Lusks built a new house and after that the old house had various tenants.

The Hedge, aka Thomas Knee's house. Thomas Samuel Knee (born c. 1881in Lilydale) married Jane Maggs c. 1912, Thomas Samuel Knee's father Thomas Knee (married to Sarah Hardidge and who it appears was also an orchardist in Yarra Road) was rated for the land as vacant land at the turn of the century (c. 1900) Thomas Samuel Knee rated as owner of vacant land (CA14B of over 20 acres1911-12 and as a house 1912-13, next year CA 14C added making a total of 39 acres. It appears that Thomas Samuel Knee and his wife Jane lived at the property until 1949 when they moved to Montrose. In 1949 it was purchased by Hubert Victor (Vic) Eggleton after they migrated from Banstead in Surrey England. They had four boys Peter (who did a lot of the farming with Gladys), Brian, Michael and Roger. It was mixed farming: lemons, cherries, eggs, chickens and Gladys bred Spaniel dogs too. They had 2 dairy cows and a draft horse. The farm was larger then and was subdivided at a later date. The big dam was added too. the painting of the house was painted by a cousin of the Lusks. Ownership: Thomas Samuel Knee 1912-1949, Eggletons, 1949 - c.1953, then Timms, c. 1953 - early 1970s then Lusks early 1970s to c. 2012. The Lusks built a new house and after that the old house had various tenants.

The Hedge, aka Thomas Knee's house. Thomas Samuel Knee (born c. 1881in Lilydale) married Jane Maggs c. 1912, Thomas Samuel Knee's father Thomas Knee (married to Sarah Hardidge and who it appears was also an orchardist in Yarra Road) was rated for the land as vacant land at the turn of the century (c. 1900) Thomas Samuel Knee rated as owner of vacant land (CA14B of over 20 acres1911-12 and as a house 1912-13, next year CA 14C added making a total of 39 acres. It appears that Thomas Samuel Knee and his wife Jane lived at the property until 1949 when they moved to Montrose. In 1949 it was purchased by Hubert Victor (Vic) Eggleton after they migrated from Banstead in Surrey England. They had four boys Peter (who did a lot of the farming with Gladys), Brian, Michael and Roger. It was mixed farming: lemons, cherries, eggs, chickens and Gladys bred Spaniel dogs too. They had 2 dairy cows and a draft horse. The farm was larger then and was subdivided at a later date. The big dam was added too. the painting of the house was painted by a cousin of the Lusks. Ownership: Thomas Samuel Knee 1912-1949, Eggletons, 1949 - c.1953, then Timms, c. 1953 - early 1970s then Lusks early 1970s to c. 2012. The Lusks built a new house and after that the old house had various tenants.

This specimen was recovered from Mica Schist, Canada. Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide mineral with a chemical composition of CuFeS2. Its name derives from the Greek words for copper (chalco-) and brass (pyrite). It can be found in shades of yellow, green and grey, and, when exposed to acid, it can change to purple, blue, violet and yellow tones. Weathering can cause loss of its metallic luster and its brass-yellow colour. Chalcopyrite forms under various conditions, with the most significant deposits being hydrothermal in their origin. It is known globally as the most important ore of copper for thousands of years, and is thus considered a very important mineral formation. Given its golden appearance, it is often confused for the mineral gold, earning it the popular reputation as 'fool's gold' or 'yellow copper'. However, it can be straightforwardly distinguished from gold; the latter is soft, with higher specific gravity and a yellow streak, whereas chalcopyrite is brittle, easily scratched by a nail, and has a greenish grey streak. Copper was the first metal that was used by people. It was discovered by the Neolithic man about 9,000 years ago and it gradually replaced stone as it was easier to be shaped. In Australia, search for copper began after the European settlement, leading to the discovery of substantial deposits, like the one at the Olympic Dam in South Australia, which is regarded as one of the largest copper deposits in the world. Chalcopyrite has been used for copper since smelting processes began approximately five thousand years ago. Although by no means rare, this the specimen of this mineral can be used to reflect a wider history of industrial uses of copper for a significant portion of human history. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid hand-sized copper iron sulfide mineral of brass yellow, often with an iridescent tarnish, with greenish-black streak and submetallic luster. Chalcopyrite can be formed in several ways, including crystalizing from accessory minerals in igneous rocks, or from magma or within volcano sulfide deposits. Most commonly, chalcopyrite are found in hydrothermal conditions, where it forms in hydrothermal veins. As a member of the tetragonal crystal system, it often takes the shape of tetra-headed crystals, often with striations along the sides of the crystals. #18 Copper pyrites/(chalcopyrite) in/Laurentian Slate/(page 315 of inventory)/page missing from/descriptive catalogue/ Other label: 81 /fool's gold, chalcopyrite, mineral, rock, geology, geological, hydrothermal, neolithic, european settlement, olympic dam, south australia, stone, deposits, specific gravity, greenish grey streak, brittle, mineral gold, metallic luster, cufes2, greek words

Altering course of Reedy Creek, El Dorado. Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25 000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64,397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. Handwritten across the front: 'Altering course of creek. Eldorado'mining, gold, tin, sluicing, reedy creek, cocks pioneer, el dorado, eldorado, men, horses

Horse team , Cocks Pioneer Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17 284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25,000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64,397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. mining, gold, tin, sluicing, men, cocks pioneer, el dorado, eldorado, horses, gold mining, tin mining

Cocks Pioneer Mine El Dorado, Power Station No. 2 was established in 1914 and located near junction of Reid's and Clear Creeks, Byawatha. Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25,000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64,397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. Handwritten on front: 'THE POWER STN COCKS, PIONEER MINE, ELDORADO' / 'THELMA STUDIO / [underlined] WANGARATTA'mining, gold, tin, cocks pioneer, power, sluicing, el dorado, eldorado, byawatha, thelma studios, wangaratta, gold mining, tin mining, reid's creek, clear creek

Cocks Pioneer Creek Diversion. Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25,000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64,397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. mining, gold, tin, cocks pioneer, creek, gold mining, tin mining, el dorado, eldorado

Men at Work on the Tail Race, Cocks Pioneer Mine, El Dorado. Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25,000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64,397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. Handwritten across the front: 'Cocks Pioneer Mine Eldorado MEN AT WORK ON THE TAIL RACE' / 'THELMA STUDIO / [underlined] WANGARATTA.mining, gold, tin, gold mining, tin mining, cocks pioneer, men, thelma studios, wangaratta, el dorado, eldorado

Cocks Pioneer Pipes and Open Cut. Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25,000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64 397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. mining, gold, tin, open cut, sluicing, gold mining, tin mining, cocks pioneer, el dorado, eldorado

Cocks Pioneer New Engines, c. 1934. Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25,000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64 397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. mining, gold, tin, engine, electricity, gold mining, tin mining, cocks pioneer, el dorado, eldorado

Cocks Pioneer Ponds, c. 1930s. Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25,000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64 397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. mining, gold, tin, gold mining, tin mining, cocks pioneer, el dorado, eldorado

Cocks Pioneer Ponds from Monument Hill. Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25,000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64,397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. mining, gold, tin, hydraulic, sluicing, gold mining, tin mining, monument hill, cocks pioneer, el dorado, eldorado

Cocks Pioneer Barge. Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25,000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64,397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. mining, gold, tin, barge, sluicing, gold mining, tin mining, cocks pioneer, el dorado, eldorado

Cocks Pioneer, 1907. Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold & Tin Mine Company was formed in 1899. The company's first power station, located at the eastern end of the valley began operating with its 340 Kilowatt steam-powered generator. By 1909, from 2,500,000 cubic yards worked, reported recovery was 17,284 ounces of gold and 224 tons of tin ore. By 1909, Cocks Pioneer’s power plant had become inadequate and uneconomical. The barge was floated downstream about a mile, but lost time caused the operations to cease. Following testing, a new mine was established by diverting Reid's Creek at a cost of £25,000. Settling dams were built, one of which held 1,935,900 cubic feet. Sold earth banks, built against a wall of stringy bark saplings constructed and laced with vertical props, were built. In 1914, the company was reformed as Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL, another power station was constructed at the western end of the township, near the junction of Clear and Reid's Creeks. From 6,800,000 cubic yards of material processed, the returns were 64,397 ounces of gold and 855 ton of tin. Cocks Pioneer mine then moved the barge downs stream and continued sluicing. In 1929 Cocks Pioneer Electric Gold and Tin Mining Company ceased operations due to a drop in values. Cock’s Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL carried on large-scale hydraulic sluicing operations until 1941. Handwritten across front: 'HAROLD S. TEMBY / Photo'; '"COCKS PIONEER" 1907'.mining, gold, tin, open cut, barge, gold mining, tin mining, cocks pioneer, el dorado, eldorado