A hand lance with a long iron shaft and a small oval or leaf-shaped tip was also known as a killing iron. It was designed to dispatch a whale quickly and efficiently, once the mammal came to the water surface for the last time. The hand lance was stabbed repeatedly into a whale’s thick neck arteries. The sharp leaf-shaped tip allowed easy removal for another thrust. Cutting these arteries prevented the whale from deep dives and hastened its bleeding to death. Normally, multiple hand lances were carried aboard a whaleboat, so that if one was lost it could be easily replaced without returning to the mother ship for a spare one. By the late 19th century, guns had replaced most hand-thrown harpoons and lances. They were more efficient, more accurate, and safer, for a whaler could shoot a dart at a greater distance from the dangerous whale than a harpoon could be thrown.An item that gives an insight into 19th century whaling practices that were carried out all along the southern coasts of Australia.Hand Lance or Killing Iron Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, whaling equipment, whaling, killing lance, whaling lance, harpoon

This key is an good example of keys used in 19th century Victorian Goldfield gaols.This key is significant in that many of the original goldfield gaols are now closed to general public and we have objects to remind us of their past.Old Ararat gaol key Metal with dents and scratches from use -gaol, prison, incarceration

The embroidery has been re-mounted and it is mid 19th century style of underskirt.White cotton underskirt with hand worked eyelet embroidery and medallions of Point Lace.Deep lace hem. Drawstring waist with placquet opening. Blue ribbon at waist and threaded through eyelets.underskirts, underwear

This postcard is part of an album of postcards which date from late 19th century to mid 20th century. It depicts Sturt St Ballarat c1890-1900s. The wide boulevard and historic buildings are indicative of the wealth which was brought to Ballarat as a result of the gold rushes in the second half of the 19th century.This postcard is in an album of postcards dating from the late 19th century to mid 20th century. It reflects the popularity of collecting postcards in Australia which reached a height in the early 1900s until around 1920. Postcard of Sturt St, Ballarat - coloured. On front, printed: 'Sturt St Ballarat' On back handwritten: 'My dear Mrs / Brown I write / these few lines ... absent freind [sic friend] / J Drubar'postcard, photography, 1900s, ballarat, "green postcard album"

The hat brush is an example of a domestic object that would have been common to most households in the late 19th and early 20th century.The hat brush is significant in that the inscription connects the brush to a prominent hat maker in the Western district whose business can be dated to the late 19th century. The address of the business was 24 Bridge St Ballarat and was owned by Mr Charles Morris. Curved wooden hat brush constructed from light polished timber. The handle end has a small hole in it and the front end is pointed. The bristles are two tone in a circling pattern and cut to follow the curved shape of the wood. There is a chip out of the wood exposing the bristle holes. The brush is stamped with the suppliers name and address.C. MORRIS, HATTER, (?) BRIDGE STREET, BALLARAT.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, hat brush, wooden hat brush, natural bristles, c.morris hatter, hatter ballarat, c.morris ballarat

This pair of 19th century candleholders were presented to Nazareth House Ballarat by J.A.Chalk one of Ballarat's richest 19th century gold-mining entrepeneurs. J.A.Chalk was a partner in the Madam Berry Mines together with Martin Loughlin and William Bailey and was Manager of the Buninyong Estate Co., the Band and Barton Co., the Sebastopol Plateau Co., and the Prince of Wales and Bonshaw Co. mines in 1887. Chalk was a Quaker and benefactor to many Ballarat institutions. He arranged for the Council Chambers to be made available for meetings of the Society of Friends (Quakers) in the mid 19th century.One of a pair of large 19th century ornamented candle holders for use in the Chapel at Nazareth House Ballarat presented by 19th century Ballarat philanthropist and gold-mining magnate.The candleholders are in two separate sections the heavy lead-filled brass base with demountable seven-branched candleholders surmounting the base. The lower portion or base form a single candlestick when the branched top section is removed. The branches are decorated with styalised rose petals and the tops of each base decorated with rims of neo-gothic coronas.Presented with King Regards By J.A.Chalk Ballarat.candleholders, candlesticks, nazareth house, ballarat. j.a.chalk, madam berry mines, goldmining, entrepenauer, buninyong, sebastopol, prince of wales, bonshaw co, quaker, society of friends.

Author Te Manuwir was also known as Albert Edward Davidson. This book is also associated with Edwin J. Cannon whose inscriptions and drawings appear on some pages.Hard cloth covered book of 194 pages. The book tells stories from the 19th century by a man, who, as young migrant in the 1840s, was educated with Maori schoolfellows. Of particular interest in this book are the inscriptions and drawings by former Ballarat School of Mines Student Edwin (Ted) Cannon who was killed during World War One. .2) A New Year card inside the books is from Eileen Doolan of Invermay, Launceston, Tasmania, Christmas 1936.Inside front: 'January 2nd 1908. To Edwin Joseph Cannon 610 Acot St Ballarat Victoria Australia from his dear father.' 'E.J. Cannon Ascot St Ballarat south' E. Cannon (with sketch) 'S.E. Doolan' Stamped 'F. Cannon' Inside back cover: '2nd January 1908 Presented to:- Master Edwin Joseph Cannon by his father.new zealand, maori, te manuwir, albert edward davidson, ted cannon, e.j. cannon, edwin j. cannon

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: Many Chinese took up other occupations; some became successful market gardeners, fishermen, laundrymen, cooks, and sellers of tea and sugar (till near the end of the 19th century, both these commodities came from China). In Melbourne, they made fine cabinet makers; the first successful tobacco growers in Victoria were Chinese in the Ovens Valley. Markings: 12. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Colour transparency (slide) created in June 1976 during a tour by the Junior National Trust, which was led by members of Kew Historical Society. The collection of 21 slides reveals that the tour covered all parts of Kew, but focused understandably on heritage buildings and sites.Image of an historic place in Kew that can be dated to an exact time and place. The images, albeit amateurish in composition, frequently reveal aspects of important buildings and sites that have changed over time.35mm colour transparency of the front portico of Burke Hall (formerly Studley Hall, Waverley) and now Xavier Junior School in Nolan Avenue, Kew. Since its construction in the 19th century, the building has had numerous additions made by subsequent owners. The original render has been painted and sections of the original colonnades glazed in. The facade of Burke Hall faces away from Studley Park Road to take advantage of the views to the south.historic houses -- kew (vic), xavier college -- kew (vic.), burke hall -- kew (vic.), waverley -- kew (vic.), nolan avenue -- kew (vic.), studley hall -- kew (vic.)

A group of people on the Stawell-Halls Gap road on their way to an outing at the turn of the 19th century.access routes, jinker track, transport, horse drawn

An Australian history text describing social conditions in the major Australian cities of the 19th century.Outlines conditions in cities in the 19th century. Compares with "Life in the country".Hard cover. 320 pages, illus. Dust jacket has a detail from S.T. Gill's "General view of Sydney"australia social conditions, australia city life, michael cannon

A Gunter’s Chain, an old land surveying instrument, is named after its inventor, Edmund Gunter (1581-1626), an English mathematician and astronomer. It was first produced in 1620. The tool has 100 links and is 66 feet or one chain long. The links are marked off in groups of ten by metal tags or rings. A quarter chain (25 links) is called a rod or pole and ten chains make a furlong and 80 chains a mile. The traditional cricket pitch is 22 yards or one chain long. This chain is said to have been used by Gilbert Nicol when the Warrnambool to Hamilton Road was constructed in the 19th century. Gilbert Nicol was an early settler in Warrnambool who, with John Craig, established the first hotel (and the first building) in Warrnambool in 1847. Nicol later owned the property ‘Rosehill’ in the Warrnambool area. As the chain was given to the Warrnambool and District Historical Society by the Town Clerk, Keith Arnel, it is likely that the chain was one of the items in the old Warrnambool MuseumThis Gunter’s Chain is of importance because it is an early land measuring device that was used for over 250 years and has great historical and mathematical significance. If it is correct that it was used by Gilbert Nicol when the Warrnambool to Hamilton Road was built then it has considerable local significance and dates back to the 19th century. This is a metal tool which consists of 100 metal pieces or links joined together by loops at each end with two metal loops in between each link. The links joined together form a chain. The two ends of the chain have small metal handles attached. At intervals along the chain there are additional rings or metal pieces attached. The metal is very rusted.gunter’s chain, land measurement tools, history of warrnambool

This broderie perse' wall hanging was donated to the Kew Historical Society in 1980 by Mrs Joy Ivory. The hanging had belonged to her mother - Amy Grigg - and was used by the latter to demonstrate skills in darning (the red stitching). Provenance includes a certificate dating from 1889 which records an award to Amy Grigg of Pakington Street (Kew) for skills in needlework, issued by the Kew Floral Industrial & Art Society. Amy Grigg later married Albert Watson, the son of John Watson. The latter was an early pastor of the Kew Methodist Church in Highbury Grove, Kew. Both the Watson and Grigg families were early pioneers of Kew. While the hanging was modified by Amy Grigg in 1889, the original textile dates from an earlier period when 'Broderie Perse' (Persian embroidery) was used to create quilts and wall hangings. It is estimated that the hanging dates from the first half of the 19th century. An exact dating will require a detailed examination of the cotton chintz fabrics used to embroider the hanging. This appliquéd wall hanging is one of the earliest textiles in the Kew Historical Society's fashion & textiles collection. Similar examples are held in major international collections such as the Victoria & Albert Museum. This example of broderie perse is significant for the cross-cultural influence of Indian textiles on European taste, not unusual given the English foothold in India during this period. Additional interest is due to the mixing of Indian and European textiles in the design, while staying true to the derivation of the design. The textile is both well-provenanced and rare. While it is unlikely to be Australian-made, it is probably an example of a textile brought to Australia during the colonial period that indicates a desire to decorate interiors using items created in and for the English home. On another level, the wall hanging is a fine example of 'women's work' in the first half of the nineteenth century.Small wall hanging, comprised of five panels that are each appliquéd by hand in herringbone stitch using a range of decorative figurative motifs including flora and fauna. The design is based on an Indian palimpore representing a tree of life design. The base textile is a cream linen while the appliquéd figures or shapes are cut from cotton chintz. These additions are probably a mix of Indian and European designs. The quality of the herringbone stitching is very fine. Later stitching in red wool was added in the 1890s to demonstrate skill in darning. The main panel is bordered by a narrow green and ecru braid. It has a narrow tan braid at the top and bottom of the two side panels. A surrounding tan braid around the entire textile is missing in some places. textiles, applique, broderie perse, amy grigg, wall hangings, migration

Pince-nez were a style of spectacles that held on to a person's nose by a spring mechanism and was popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in European cultures.The social history objects held in the Burke Museum's collection help to tell the stories of Beechworth's past by showing the social, cultural, and economic aspects of the town's history.A pair of brass pince-nez styled spectacles with a loose brass chain earpieceA01156.2glasses, eyewear, fashion

Pince-nez were a style of spectacles that held on to a person's nose by a spring mechanism and was popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in European cultures.The social history objects held in the Burke Museum's collection help to tell the stories of Beechworth's past by showing the social, cultural, and economic aspects of the town's history.A pair of brass pince-nez styled spectacles.glasses, eyewear, fashion

Ballarat Railway Station opened on 11 April 1862. Most of the 19th century architectural features of the railway station are intact. Its signal boxes and goods sheds are preserved, and it is one of only three stations in Victoria to have had a 19th-century train shed. This photo shows the facade of the south side of the station.Colour photograph of the Ballarat Railway Station.ballarat railway station

Ballarat Railway Station opened on 11 April 1862. Most of the 19th century architectural features of the railway station are intact. Its signal boxes and goods sheds are preserved, and it is one of only three stations in Victoria to have had a 19th-century train shed. This photo shows the facade of the south side of the station.The stairway over the railway line at Ballarat Railway Station. ballarat railway station, stairs, railway platform

Horse bit used on horse tackle during the 19th century manufactured and sold by Holden and FrostUsed on horse tackle 19th and 20th centuries Brass horse bit heavy snaffle, two T-bars joined in the middle with two rings attached on each barbit, equine, brass, snuffle

.1 This is a hard cover book of 372 pages with a blue cover and silver printing on the spine. The dust cover has a white and blue background with a photograph of a 19th century policeman, six colour photographs and one black and white photograph. The printing on the dust cover is in white, blue and black. The book contains six chapters and many sketches, illustrations, photographs and graphs. .2 This is a 1986 newspaper cutting from the Warrnambool Standard featuring an article on the book, The People’s Force. A history of the Victorian Police Force up to the late 20th century.victorian police force, warrnambool

Imported and sold by Holden and Frost during the late 19th century and early 20th century for the purpose of saddlery imported and sold by Holden and Frost on saddlery during the 19th and 20th centuries Sold by Holden and Frost for military agriculture and civilian use c1900Brass buckle used on horse tackleequine, military, agriculture, civilian c1900, buckle

Brought to the Ovens Goldfields by Chinese men working in the area in the 19th century. Most likely made in China.Aldo Gios recorded the location of where most pieces in his collection were found. Some maps, drawn by Aldo Gios, also give more detail. This detail is rare as most pieces of broken crockery were discarded and complete items were usually collected with no thought to recording the location where they were found. This object is part of one of the largest collections of Chinese ware found in the Upper Ovens area and the only one recording the location where found.Stoneware, bulb shaped bottle,with flared rim opening.Chinese writing on base.chinese, bottle, glaze, stoneware, alcohol, aldo gios, buckland valley

Brought to the Ovens Goldfields by Chinese men working in the area in the 19th century. Most likely made in China.Aldo Gios recorded the location of where most pieces in his collection were found. Some maps, drawn by Aldo Gios, also give more detail. This detail is rare as most pieces of broken crockery were discarded and complete items were usually collected with no thought to recording the location where they were found. This object is part of one of the largest collections of Chinese ware found in the Upper Ovens area and the only one recording the location where found. Stoneware bulb shaped bottle with flared rim opening. Black / dark brownchinese, bottle, glaze, stoneware, alcohol, buckland valley, aldo gios

Brought to the Ovens Goldfields by Chinese men working in the area in the 19th century. Most likely made in China.Aldo Gios recorded the location of where most pieces in his collection were found. Some maps, drawn by Aldo Gios, also give more detail. This detail is rare as most pieces of broken crockery were discarded and complete items were usually collected with no thought to recording the location where they were found. This object is part of one of the largest collections of Chinese ware found in the Upper Ovens area and the only one recording the location where found.Stoneware bulb shaped bottle with flared rim opening. Brownchinese, bottle, glaze, stoneware, alcohol, buckland valley, aldo gios

Brought to the Ovens Goldfields by Chinese men working in the area in the 19th century. Most likely made in China.Aldo Gios recorded the location of where most pieces in his collection were found. Some maps, drawn by Aldo Gios, also give more detail. This detail is rare as most pieces of broken crockery were discarded and complete items were usually collected with no thought to recording the location where they were found. This object is part of one of the largest collections of Chinese ware found in the Upper Ovens area and the only one recording the location where found.Stoneware bulb shaped bottle with flared rim opening. Brownchinese, bottle, glaze, stoneware, alcohol, aldo gios

Brought to the Ovens Goldfields by Chinese men working in the area in the 19th century. Most likely made in China.Aldo Gios recorded the location of where most pieces in his collection were found. Some maps, drawn by Aldo Gios, also give more detail. This detail is rare as most pieces of broken crockery were discarded and complete items were usually collected with no thought to recording the location where they were found. This object is part of one of the largest collections of Chinese ware found in the Upper Ovens area and the only one recording the location where found.Stoneware bulb shaped bottle with flared rim opening. Black / dark brownchinese, bottle, glaze, stoneware, alcohol, buckland valley, aldo gios

Brought to the Ovens Goldfields by Chinese men working in the area in the 19th century. Most likely made in China.Aldo Gios recorded the location of where most pieces in his collection were found. Some maps, drawn by Aldo Gios, also give more detail. This detail is rare as most pieces of broken crockery were discarded and complete items were usually collected with no thought to recording the location where they were found. This object is part of one of the largest collections of Chinese ware found in the Upper Ovens area and the only one recording the location where found.Stoneware bulb shaped bottle with flared rim opening. Dark brownchinese, bottle, glaze, stoneware, alcohol, aldo gios

Brought to the Ovens Goldfields by Chinese men working in the area in the 19th century. Most likely made in China.Aldo Gios recorded the location of where most pieces in his collection were found. Some maps, drawn by Aldo Gios, also give more detail. This detail is rare as most pieces of broken crockery were discarded and complete items were usually collected with no thought to recording the location where they were found. This object is part of one of the largest collections of Chinese ware found in the Upper Ovens area and the only one recording the location where found.Stoneware bulb shaped bottle with flared rim opening.Chinese writing on base.chinese, bottle, glaze, stoneware, alcohol

Brought to the Ovens Goldfields by Chinese men working in the area in the 19th century. Most likely made in China.Aldo Gios recorded the location of where most pieces in his collection were found. Some maps, drawn by Aldo Gios, also give more detail. This detail is rare as most pieces of broken crockery were discarded and complete items were usually collected with no thought to recording the location where they were found. This object is part of one of the largest collections of Chinese ware found in the Upper Ovens area and the only one recording the location where found.Stoneware bulb shaped bottle with flared rim opening. Brown/ greychinese, bottle, glaze, stoneware, alcohol