Garry BISH (1950- ) Born Charlton, Victoria After training as a secondary school art teacher in Melbourne in 1968-69, Gary Bish moved to Bendigo, where he established the Potters Arms Studio in Epsom in 1972 while studying for a Diploma of Art and Design in ceramics at the Bendigo Institute of Technology, graduating in 1974. Establishing an independent studio in Epsom in 1972, Garry Bish has lectured in Ceramics for many years. Bish marks his work with his signature or an impressed 'B' with a stem like a feather.Black ceramic bottle with green dots. ceramics, gary bish

Graham KING (23 February 1915 – 11 October 2008) Known as a master printmaker, Graham King was instrumental in the revival of Australian printmaking in the 1960s. He was the inaugural Secretary of the Print Council of Australia, and was later President. A lecturer in Printmaking at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) from 1966 to 1988, he was awarded an Order of Australia for his services to education in 1991. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Framed lithograph in predominantly blue and black.Signed lower edge " Proof 2/5. 'Nocturne'. Graham King '63."art, artwork, graham king, king, printmaking, edition, available

Deborah KLEIN (1951- ) Born Melbourne Deborah Klein is an established Australian painter and printmaker who completed a Bachelor of Fine Art, Printmaking, Chisholm Institute of Technology, Melbourne from 1982-1984. She undertook a Graduate Diploma from the Gippsland Institute of Advanced Education from 1987 to 1988, and a Master of Arts, (Research), at Monash University, Gippsland Campus from 1995-1997. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Framed drawing. of a torso featuring a red velvet dress. art, artwork, deborah klein, klein, costume, alumni, available

Kenneth JACK AM MBE RWS, (5 October 1924 – 10 June 2006) Australian watercolour artist Kenneth Jack who specialised in painting the images of an almost forgotten outback life; old mine workings, abandoned ghost towns, decaying farm buildings. He became a professional painter at the age of 39 after giving up his job as senior instructor at the Caulfield Institute of Technology. In 1977 he was elected to The Royal Watercolour Society and in 1982 was awarded the MBE, and the Order of Australia (AM) followed in 1987. Framed three block lino print showing the volcanic plains of Victoria around Stony Rises. It is Number 6 in the Volcanic Plains of Victoria series. Donated through the Australian Gifts Programme by Katherine Littlewood.31/40artwork, artist, kenneth jack, printmaking, volcano, mt porndon, mount porndon, linocuts

Kenneth JACK AM MBE RWS, (5 October 1924 – 10 June 2006) Australian watercolour artist Kenneth Jack who specialised in painting the images of an almost forgotten outback life; old mine workings, abandoned ghost towns, decaying farm buildings. He became a professional painter at the age of 39 after giving up his job as senior instructor at the Caulfield Institute of Technology. In 1977 he was elected to The Royal Watercolour Society and in 1982 was awarded the MBE, and the Order of Australia (AM) followed in 1987. Framed three block linocut depicting the Glasshouse Mountains in the Australian State Queensland. Donated through the Australian Gifts Programme by Katherine Littlewood.21/32artwork, artist, kenneth jack, printmaking, glasshouse mountains, queensland, available, linocut

The University's mace was carried in procession for the first time during the Graduation ceremonies in May 1996. The mace was presented to the University by former Chief Commissioner of the Ballarat City Council, Vern Robson, at a ceremony on 02 February, following a national competition for its design, sponsored by the Council. (The Flag, Issue 2, July 1996) Nineteen artists responded to the competition which called for a design that would embody a distinctive Australian image reflecting the heritage of the city and in relationship with gold, an Aboriginal element and the history of the University. The winning entry, dominated by a poppet head, was submitted by Central Victorian artist/sculptor Trefor Prest, a sessional lecturer in sculpture at the University.(The Flag, Issue 2, July 1996) The Herald Sun of 03 February 1996 reported 'the new mace shows importance elements of Ballarat's heritage as well as the university's focus on the future. The artist emphasises the egalitarian nature of Australia as embodied in Ballarat's famous slice of history - the Eureka uprising. ... The mace has a poppet head at the top of the shaft - an unusual element for a mace - but it represents Ballarat's mining history and the University's evolution from the Ballarat School of Mines. An opening egg at the top stands for the nurturing of development and learning. The mace's straight shaft is depicted as the tree of knowledge and, incorporating a bark canoe scar, Ballarat's Aboriginal heritage. At the end of the shaft is a surveying device, which represents precision and accuracy ads embodied in the university's academic pursuits.' Bob Morrell of the University organised the national competition to design the mace and said 'It is in keeping with the university's logo, 'proudly flying the flag', which incorporates the Southern Cross.' This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 1000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007. Trefor Prest lectured in Sculpture at the University of Ballarat from 1995-1996.The mace symbolises the office of the Chancellor. The design of the mace is the outcome of a national competition and represents the cultural diversity of Australia. The poppet head on the top of the mace refers to gold mining, which underpinned the development of Ballarat. The protruding spikes recall the Eureka Stockade. The 'egg' shape enfolds and nurtures the development of knowledge and learning. The shaft with the three 'branches' represents the Tree of Knowledge, and includes a bark canoe scar which recognises the integration of black and white Australian traditions. The lower part of the shaft culminates in a device suggestive of scientific or surveying and measuring technology. This represents precision and accuracy embodied in the academic pursuits of Federation University Australia.art, artwork, trefor prest, prest, mace, federation university, university, eureka stockade, aborigines, scarred tree, mining, university mace, ballarat

Robert HANNAFORD (9 November 1944- ) Born Gilbert Valley, Riverton, South Australia From In 1967 to 1968 Robert Hannaford studied in Ballarat. Primarily known as a portrait artist he is also known for his landscapes, still lifes, nudes, and sculptures. Robert Hannaford has commented: "Portraiture is an exploration of character that goes beyond photography. It is an ongoing thing over a long period of time. You get elements of various emotions that can be sensed in the painting." Framed academic portrait of Dr Tom Kennedy who was the Director of the Gippsland Institute of Advanced Education (GIAE) from 1984 to 1989, and the inaugural Chief Executive Officer and Pro Vice-Chancellor of Monash University College Gippsland (MUCG) from 1990 to 1992. (In 2014 the Churchill Campus became part of Federation University Australia). Prior to moving to Gippsland, Professor Kennedy was the Deputy Director of the Chisholm Institute of Technology. He was an Associate Fellow of the Australian Institute of Management and a Fellow of the Royal Institute of Chemistry, Professor Kennedy held a degree in Science, a PhD in Chemistry (Glasgow) and a Diploma of Education. Rom Kennedy died on 04 May 2011. Signed lower right "Hannaford 90"artwork, artist, tom kennedy, gippsland campus, hannaford, robert hannaford

Twelve page, full colour, gloss paper, centre stapled pamphlet titled "Light Rail Yes Ahead" Provides details of the Metropolitan Transport Authority - The Met consulting services, with Foreword by Tom Roper, Minister, information on Light Rail, technology, the Hong Kong, MTCS consultancy, consulting services and contact details. C1987 - 1988. See Also Reg Item 456 for a similar pamphlet - this one seems to be the next edition, as Hong Kong (Tuen Mun) and a contract for Kuala Lumpur. Also has a photo of the St Kilda light rail being built. 2nd copy added 23-10-2016trams, tramways, minister for transport, metropolitan transit authority, hong kong

fictionA satirical illustrated tale of artist Hephzibah Brown who is persuaded by Cedric the Imp of Perversity to follow him to the recently independent Ghana to compose a tourist book he will write and she illustrate. She follows him but changes it to a novel about two tourists, one pragmatic and one an idealistic, a woman, to examine "real life'' being a form of transience.collage, drawing, travelogue, weaving, sexuality, satire, writing

Sweenies Creek Pottery was located at 1507 Strathfieldsaye Rd, Axe Creek. Owned and run by Graham Masters, he specialises in a patented technique of low relief stoneware depicting Australian animals and landscapes. Graham Masters graduated from Bendigo Institute of Technology in 197 with a Diploma of Art and Design in Ceramics. He operated a pottery for a year in Bendigo, before working at Maldon Pottery, Maldon, Victoria, with Neville Wilson and Thomas Metcalf. He left Maldon to set up his own pottery at Sweenies Creek in 1984 and has been there ever since. ceramics, sweenies creek pottery, graham masters, australian studio pottery

Sweenies Creek Pottery was located at 1507 Strathfieldsaye Rd, Axe Creek. Owned and run by Graham Masters, he specialises in a patented technique of low relief stoneware depicting Australian animals and landscapes. Graham Masters graduated from Bendigo Institute of Technology in 197 with a Diploma of Art and Design in Ceramics. He operated a pottery for a year in Bendigo, before working at Maldon Pottery, Maldon, Victoria, with Neville Wilson and Thomas Metcalf. He left Maldon to set up his own pottery at Sweenies Creek in 1984 and has been there ever since. Pierced lidded container by Sweeney Creek Potteryceramics, sweenies creek pottery, australian studio pottery

James PASAKOS (13 December 1967- ) Jimmy Pasakos graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts majoring in Printmaking from Caulfield Institute of Technology (1986-1988); Postgraduate studies majoring in Printmaking at CIT (later Monash University) in 1989, and between 1991-93 he pursued a Masters of Fine Arts at Monash University majoring in Printmaking and Drawing. Pasakos is Art Lecturer at the Arts Academy, Federation University Australia. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Framed limited edition etching on paperEditioned, signed and dated in pencil bottom edge '2/36 Docklands Melbourne J Pasakos '15'james pasakos, etching, melbourne, parallel prints, printmaking, docklands

James PASAKOS (13 December 1967- ) Jimmy Pasakos graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts majoring in Printmaking from Caulfield Institute of Technology (1986-1988); Postgraduate studies majoring in Printmaking at CIT (later Monash University) in 1989, and between 1991-93 he pursued a Masters of Fine Arts at Monash University majoring in Printmaking and Drawing. Pasakos is Art Lecturer at the Arts Academy, Federation University Australia. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Framed monoprint art, artwork, james pasakos, printmaking, monoprint, available

Robert ALLAN Born Hopetoun, Victoria Bob Allan graduated from Melbourne Teachers' College in 1967. He obtained an Associateship Diploma in 1973, and a Fellowship Diploma of Art (pottery) in 1976 from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. Since 1968 he taught art and pottery at various Victorian secondary schools, and joined the staff of the Ballarat University College (now Federation University Australia) in 1976. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 1000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Framed photograph of the sea and a red coloured skyart, artwork, bob allan, photo, robert allan, sea, cape otway, available, ballarat university college, federation university australia staff, seascape, photograph

Robert ALLAN Born Hopetoun, Victoria Bob Allan graduated from Melbourne teachers' College in 1967. He obtained an Associateship Diploma in 1973, and a Fellowship Diploma of Art (potter) in 1976 from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. Since 1968 he taught art and pottery at various Victorian secondary schools, and joined the staff of the Ballarat University College (now Federation University Australia) in 1976. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 1000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Colour photograph of a view of the Federation University Arts Academy campus before custom buildings were erected.Rust stain 7 cm long on lower right hand corner of glass. art, artwork, allan, bob allan, available, camp street, photography, staff, ballarat university college

Thornton-Pickard was a British camera manufacturer which was established in 1888 and closed in 1939. The company was based in Altrincham, near Manchester, and was an early pioneer in the development of the camera industry. The Thornton-Pickard company was founded by John Edward Thornton and Edgar Pickard in Manchester,. Also referred to as a Magic Lantern Projector, the Ruby enlarger was used to project images from glass negatives using a variety of light sources and eventually adapted for electricity.. As photography technology developed the size of slides became smaller and the "magic lanterns" were replaced by more compact film and slide projectors.This item is significant as it represents a step in the development of photographic technology and home entertainment in the early 19th century.A large photographic enlarger made primarily of wood, tin plate and glass. The enlarger is fully intact and has the original patent and registration on a badge attached on one side. The enlarger extends when in use but folds up accordion style when not required. Its length at maximum extension is 90 centimetres. It has a slot on one side for glass negatives negatives to be inserted in a wooden holder.Badge attached to side:- 'THORNTON-PACKARD/ RUBY ENLARGER/ ALTRINCHAM" On metal rectangle: "PROTECTED BY / PAT. No. 18478. 08. / REG. No8. 529944 & 580047."thornton-pickard, photographic equipment, ruby enlarger, glass negatives

Garry BISH (1950- ) Born Charlton, Victoria After training as a secondary school art teacher in Melbourne in 1968-69, Gary Bish moved to Bendigo, where he established the Potters Arms Studio in Epsom in 1972 while studying for a Diploma of Art and Design in ceramics at the Bendigo Institute of Technology, graduating in 1974. Establishing an independent studio in Epsom in 1972, Garry Bish has lectured in Ceramics for many years. Bish marks his work with his signature or an impressed 'B' with a stem like a feather, or in later years the Initial GB in a square. Plate by hand drawn glaze designceramics, gary bish, australian studio pottery

This photograph depicts the Great Southern Mine located in Rutherglen as it was during the 1900. After the initial Gold Rush of 1853-1854, Gold was discovered deeper under the surface of the earth in the 1860 after the discovery of another deep lead system. Due to the discovery of Gold in Rutherglen, Rutherglen developed into a community in its own right, possessing a population of 6600 by December 1860 and developed into a municipality in 1862. The Great Southern Mine depicted in this photograph required the use of a range of modern technologies, including the hydraulic pumps, in order to reach gold. This photo depicts the mining operations as they were undertaken around the turn of the century.The search for gold is ingrained into the history of Victoria and therefore, images like this one which portray a modern mining operation undertaken in the 1860s, can reveal important information for society and technology for the date when the photograph was taken. This image is of important historical significance for its ability to convey information about the methods used to extract gold in 1900. It is significant as most mining operations around the region, particularly earlier on in the period, used different technologies such as water races. This image is important for current research into the history of Rutherglen more generally, a town which developed singlehandedly due to the discovery of minerals and mining, as depicted here in this photograph, thus indicating an element of social significance as well as historic. The Beechworth Burke Museum has additional images relating to mining and Rutherglen which can be analysed and studied alongside images like this one.A black and white rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper.Reverse: $ 3.00 19972503 / a02503 / Great Southern Mine Rutherglen 1900rutherglen mine, rutherglen, great southern mine, beechworth, mine, mining, post goldrush, victoria, gold, 1860s, sluicing, hydrolic sluicing

The Melbourne Olympic games were mainly conducted at the Melbourne Cricket Ground and were one of the most successful in terms of medals for Australia. Among the medal winners were Shirley Strickland, Betty Cuthbert in Athletics and Dawn Fraser and Murray rose in swimming. The games commenced in November 1956. The games were noted for the 19 Hungarian athletes who applied for asylum with their home country undergoing upheaval at the time. The Melbourne games also enjoyed the advent of television with the technology having recently been introduced to the country. These badges note ten of the many athletes who competed for Australia in 1956. These items are of social significance and interest. Among the names listed, Dawn Fraser and Shirley Strickland were two of Australia’s best known athletes.001042.1 Dawn Fraser Swimming 001042.2 Dawn Fraser Swimming 001042.3Gary Chapman Swimming 001042.4Gary Chapman Swimming 001042.5Gary Chapman Swimming 001042.6Jim Bailey Athletics 001042.7 Winsome Cripps Athletics 001042.8 Lionel Cox cycling 001042.9 Hector Hogan Athletics 001042.10 Kevin O’Halloran Swimming 001042.11 Shirley Strickland Athletics 001042.12 Merv Wood Sculling 001042.13 Jon Henricks Swimming Items 001042.1-001042.13 are white background with green wreath , black text on yellow background and have B & W photo of Olympian in centre. 001042.14 Melbourne Olympics Souvenir dark blue text, pale green with wattle 001042.15 Melbourne Olympic Games 1956 with red text Straight pin at the back. Patrick Pty Ltd on edge.1956 olympics, melbourne olympics, souvenir badges, dawn fraser, gary chapman, jim bailey, winsome cripps, lionel cox, kevin o'halloran, hector hogan, shirley strickland, jon hendricks, merv woods, melbourne olympic games

The Fluotec vaporizer was made to administer only halothane (Fluothane). It was one of the first vaporizers made for use with only one anesthetic, and one of the first to use a bimetallic coil for temperature compensation.The bimetallic coil is part of the valve that controls how much of the carrier gas enters the vapor chamber to vaporize the anesthetic.Modern vaporisers still use this bimetallic coil technology today. Serial No: 5040 Patent No: 814427 A ready reference “calibration card” came attached to these vaporizers. The card was printed with a scale that indicated the concentration of halothane produced at different flow rates and dial settings.This item does not have a reference card with it.This Flotec vaporiser holds historic significance as a very good example of an early model piece of equipment for halothane only administration. Modern vaporisers still use the bimetallic coil technology and therefore this object has scientific and research significance.Small metal stand with 3 rubber feet, Main metal cylinder body housing the bimetallic coil. Inlet valve with a brass attachment and metal outlet valve. Metal dial that controls % Penthrane. Dial notches range from OFF to 1.5. Small silver chain hangs from the top of the dial lever. Small silver metal box held by 4 screws and a round bakelite window with FULL inscribed in white text located on the front of the main cylinder Fluothane Cyprane vaporiser. Fluotec Mark II by Pentec, with stand. Royal Children's HospitalStamped on Inlet and outlet valve: INLET OUTLET Stamped on to a plate on the front of the vaporiser: KEEP UPRIGHT / PENTHRANE / WHEN CHARGEDinhaler, fluotec mark ii

Robin Boyd was involved in creating several television programmes, as author and presenter. 'Design in Australia' was an eight part series for the ABC television series 'University of the Air'. (Items D184-D193 contain all the manuscripts except part six titled 'Communications'.) In Part 1, Boyd discusses the general framework of the series in which the relationship between an Australian identity and a homogenising cultural force reinforced by technology and mass production is explored. Boyd questions the wholesale acceptance of imported ideas and goods, and instead advocates a critical examination of the Australian design culture, a search of an originality that does not fall into the myths of bush values.This is a draft script for the ABC television program 'University of the Air', subtitled 'Design in Australia', broadcast in 1965. Item D191 is the revised version.Typewritten (c copy), foolscap, 12 pagesuniversity of the air, design in australia, robin boyd, australian design, nationality, national style, manuscript

This Edison Ediphone voice recording electronic business machine is manufactured to suit a small office and is light enough to carry between work and home for use outside normal business hours. It is a dictation machine, also called by the competitor’s brand name ‘Dictaphone’, and is used for recording spoken words that would later be transcribed and typewritten. A wax cylinder would be installed onto the machine’s drum and the Reproducer on the machine would be lowered onto the cylinder. The user would speak a message into a microphone and the reproducer would then convert the sounds to scribed marks on the cylinder. Later, the cylinder could be played and the Reproducer would enable the sound to be amplified through an attached speaker. This machine is currently without its power cord, microphone and speaker horn. Thomas A. Edison extended the technology of the telegraph to his phonograph machine, invented in the late 19th century. It could record and play back sounds of music and voice on a manually operated mechanical machine that used wax cylinders to store the sound. He envisaged the way this technology could be an asset in the office, and he was right! However, most of his phonograph machines were used for entertainment, some for playing lessons, and some for-teaching languages. In 1916 Edison introduced the Ediphone, which grew in popularity after the First World War and into the late 1920s until flat round records replaced the wax cylinders. This Edison Ediphone is significant for improving the way business administration was carried out in the early 20th century, freeing up precious time for professionals and administrative personnel. It was the forerunner of audio tapes and digital technology. The Ediphone enabled letters to be dictated when the time and place suited and reduced the time professionals needed to spend with their secretaries. Secretaries were able to type the letters as they played the recording and they could replay the message if necessary.Voice recorder; a dictation machine; desktop model Edison Ediphone. The electronic machine is in a medal case with remnants of the original grey colour. It has a rectangular base with an A4-sized footprint and a domed hood that retracts halfway into the back of the base. The corners of the base have metal reinforcing, and a short metal bar is on the front centre edge of the lid and the base. A long metal drum is mounted inside the machine. A round device called a ‘reproducer’ is mounted above the drum. There is a folding handle on the left front of the machine and an angled stand with paper guides in front of the drum. A rear cover has the maker’s name stamped on it. An electrical socket with eight pins is recessed beside the cover. Made by Edison.In white letters; “EDISON”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, edison, ediphone, dictating machine, office equipment, voice recorder, usa, dictation, communication, office machine, dictaphone, speaking phonograph, thomas edison, ediphone voicewriter, voice writer

Carole WILSON (1960- ) Born Canberra, Australia Carole Wilson undertook undergraduate studies at the Canberra School of Arts and Phillip Institute of Technology. She completed a Graduate Diploma in Education at the University of Ballarat in 1987, and a Doctor of Philosophy in 2000. She has chosen central motifs in her work, which she incorporates throughout a series. The urn has been a unifying motif in Wilson's map work and testifies to the way in which function drives form across cultures. Carole's work is held in many public collections including the National Gallery of Australia, the Powerhouse Museum, State Library of Victoria and a number of regional Victorian galleries. Her posters are in museum collections in Finland, Moscow and Poland. In 2001 Dr Wilson was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy (Visual Art) from the University of Ballarat (Now Federation University). She graduated with a Graduate Diploma in Education from University of Ballarat in 1987, and a Diploma of Art from the Phillip Institute of Technology (RMIT) in 1984. Carole Wilson lectures at Federation University Australia: 2010- Senior Lecturer in Visual Arts, Honours and Research Degrees Co-ordinator 2009-2011 Lecturer in Studio Practice and Postgraduate Co-ordinator 1999-2008 Lecturer in Visual Arts (Sessional) This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007. Donated through the Australian Government's Cultural Gifts Program by Anne M. Drum, 2011art, artwork, carole wilson, maps, urn, alumni, available, staffmember

Carole WILSON (1960- ) Born Canberra, Australia Carole Wilson undertook undergraduate studies at the Canberra School of Arts and Phillip Institute of Technology. She completed a Graduate Diploma in Education at the University of Ballarat in 1987, and a Doctor of Philosophy in 2000. She has chosen central motifs in her work, which she incorporates throughout a series. The urn has been a unifying motif in Wilson's map work and testifies to the way in which function drives form across cultures. Carole's work is held in many public collections including the National Gallery of Australia, the Powerhouse Museum, State Library of Victoria and a number of regional Victorian galleries. Her posters are in museum collections in Finland, Moscow and Poland. In 2001 Dr Wilson was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy (Visual Art) from the University of Ballarat (Now Federation University). She graduated with a Graduate Diploma in Education from University of Ballarat in 1987, and a Diploma of Art from the Phillip Institute of Technology (RMIT) in 1984. Carole Wilson lectures at Federation University Australia: 2010- Senior Lecturer in Visual Arts, Honours and Research Degrees Co-ordinator 2009-2011 Lecturer in Studio Practice and Postgraduate Co-ordinator 1999-2008 Lecturer in Visual Arts (Sessional) This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007. Carole Wilson lectures at Federation University Australia: Framed collograph by Carole Wilson. art, artwork, wilson, carole wilson, available

After the 1939 bushfires, the Forests Commission Victoria invested heavily in a radically new communications network. After suffering some inevitable delays due to the war, radio VL3AA switched into full operation in October 1945 proudly beaming out 200 watts across the State. But by today’s standards, the technology was primitive and the reception poor unless the user was on a high point somewhere. The radio signal was "line-of-sight" and bounced between fire towers and relay transmitters across the mountains back to the District offices. The advent of solid-state electronics in the 1960s replaced the more delicate valve sets which enabled greater use of vehicle mounted radios. The Commission continued to research, develop and build new radios at its many workshops around Victoria. The network was supported by a large team of skilled radio technicians. The more secure and versatile State Mobile Radio (SMR) digital trunk system came into operation in about 1995. Upgraded Tait Radios were purchased in 2014 after recommendations of the 2009 Bushfires Royal Commission. But it was the convergence of separate technologies such as 5G mobile phones, high-capacity and light-weight lithium batteries, Wi-Fi, the ever-expanding internet, cloud data storage, digital cameras, GPS, personal organisers and hundreds of supporting Apps into powerful smartphones and tablets which revolutionised bushfire communications from the mid-2000s. Radio with handsetSTC - Standard Telephones and Cables Ltdbushfire, radios, forests commission victoria (fcv)