Showing 1338 items
matching semi-trailer
-
Melbourne Tram Museum
Negative, Wal Jack, 22/3/1940?
Negative of cable grip car shunting at the Northcote terminus High Street, possibly 22/3/1940, by Wal Jack. Shows the grip car on the terminal track returning for the trailer - . In the background is a F. Turner Chemist, a fishmonger and a milk bar advertising Goodall's ice blocks, Pep-o-mints life savers and Sennett's Icecream. Could be photograph at the same time as Reg Item 5051.trams, tramways, cable trams, northcote, high st, shunting, grip tram -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Newspaper, John Stanley Caddell, "The Last Tram - end of Richmond Cable Service", c1927
Newspaper clippings glued to a sheet of drawing book cardboard sheet comprising: "The Last Tram - end of Richmond Cable Service" - by Normal Campbell, with a photo of trailer No. 1, giving the history of the line, with No. 1 set making the last trip. Good story. Dated in pen - "29-6-27" On the other side is an article about Murrumbeena's new Methodist Church and the Methodist Church at Oakleigh.trams, tramways, cable trams, closure, bridge road, richmond, last tram, tram 1 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Geelong football trams, c1920's
Photograph of Geelong No. 12 towing a trailer with other trams in the background, following a football match, Corio football ground, Ryrie St East, with the Garden St junction in the background. See btm9211 for another print, Dave O'Neil advised 20/7/2009 - Geelong High School to the left and other photos in the series. Laminated A3 size print added 3-08-2014 - to be used for display purposes.Yields information about the form and style of the Geelong tram depot during the Second World War era.Black and white photograph, printed onto card (inkjet printer?) "21 / Geelong Trmys" "Ryrie Street East / Garden Street Jtn in background, / Spectators returning from a Victoria Football League football match, played at Corio Oval, early 1920's" and a "William F Scott" address labels in the bottom right hand corner.trams, tramways, geelong, football, ryrie st, tram 12 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Pall Mall Bendigo Victoria, c1905
Copy print of a postcard, of Charing Cross looking north along the Pall Mall, with three electric trams at the cross and possibly one small trailer. Titled "Pall Mall Bendigo Victoria". Probably made soon after the tramway opened given the street colours. Photograph contained within the Wal Jack Bendigo and Geelong Album, see Reg Item 5003 for more details and loose copy.Black and White copy print and printed card - cigarette card size.trams, tramways, bendigo, esco, charing cross -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Photograph, Cable tram 457 Bourke and Swanston St, 1930s
The photograph shows a cable tram (Spencer St), trailer number 457, in Bourke St about to cross over Swanston St. The grip car or dummy is well loaded. In the background is the Leviathan Clothing Store 1913 - see reference for history details. The motor car ahead of the tram is doing a "Hook" turn into Bourke Street. A young man is skylarking at back of the tram for the photographer. Photo during the 1930s.Yields information about the intersection of Bourke St cable tram services and the corner of Bourke and Swanston Streets.Photograph, black and white, plain backtrams, tramways, cable tram, swanston st, bourke st, the leviathan -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Postcard, Rose Stereograph Co, "Elizabeth Street, Melbourne", c1920
Rose Series postcard No. P 82, titled "Elizabeth Street, Melbourne", looking south from Little Collins Street along Eizabeth Street. Has a Brunswick line cable tram with bogie trailer No.184 southbound, along with three other cable trams, horse drawn vehicles and a number of motor cars. There are building adverts for Norman Bros Stationers, Craigs, Sargents House, Sunlight Soap, Brooks Yields information about Elizabeth St c1915Postcard - printed real photograph with Rose Stereograph Co. name on the rear.Has in pencil on rear "KM-M-077"trams, tramways, cable trams, tram 184, elizabeth st -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Photograph - Set of 4 Black & White Photograph/s, Don Schulz, mid 1920's
Series of four Black and White Photographs cable trams in Melbourne at the Bridge Road terminus or city during the mid 1920's/ .1 - Bridge road terminus with the car house or depot on the left hand side with the destination of Spencer St. .2 - Gripman possibly checking his watch with a depot worker? stepping off the tram. .3 - family stepping off the tram with cable trailer 368 in the view - Elizabeth St, near Flinders St? See Brian Weedon's notes re the photo and the trailer. .4 - As for .1 - with an X marked above the lady and a very large motor car passing. Printed on Kodak Paper. Adam Chandler advised by email 5/8/2020: " note there's a destination box fitted to the grip - from memory, these started to be used from the mid-1920s with the dummy and trailer repaints into the brown colour? That also looks to be either a 1925 or 26 Buick - the "moustache" shape at the top of the front radiator grille and the distinctly angled lower sash of the windscreen are further hints. Given the Richmond line closed in 1927 for conversion I'd say some time between 1924 and 29 June 1927." Also see image i5.pdf for further notes regarding the photographs and the Bridge Road tram depot building - use the original pdf file to read. Image i6, has had the "X" removed - done by Darren Hutchesson.On rear in ink in each print, "Cable car Melbourne" and "286 Anzac Hy/Marion Rd Adelaide SA, collection of late Don Schultz"trams, tramways, cable trams, bridge road, flinders st, richmond depot, hawthorn bridge, tram 368 -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Negative, Wal Larsen, 6/05/1940 12:00:00 AM
Negative of a photograph of a cable tram set in Queens Parade Clifton Hill, passing under the railway bridge at Clifton Hill 6-5-1940. The tram has the destination of Northcote. The bridge has an advert for Kraft Cheese. Road lowered in preparation of closure. Photo Wal Larsen In the background is the cabin for turning trams at the Clifton Hill depot or car sheds.on rear of negative in album "Getting ready for the double-decker buses at Clifton Hill. Road has been lowered on either side when cable goes rest of road will be lowered. Trailer 506 is shown. 1145am 6th May 1940 and camera settings. Photo by W. H. Larsen."trams, tramways, cable trams, queens parade, closure, clifton hill, bridges, railways -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, lady's nylon gloves, c1960
Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. These gloves were probably made in Hong Kong then as now a place where fashions can be made cheaply because the cost of labour is inexpensive.The family of Carole Pedersen-Green were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire and their Danish heritage is an example of the many nationalities who lived and worked there.A pair of lady's cream nylon 3/4 length gloves. c1960clothing, gloves, formal wear, craftwork, lace making, dress etiquette, satin, silk, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, fashion, hong kong, rayon, nylon, pedersen-green carole, green carole, denmark -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Tin Egg Preservative, from mid 1800's to mid 1900's
The egg preservation material offered in this tin was during a period in Australia's history (especially in the rural areas) when the "freshness" of produce was not able to be maintained by refrigeration means. Rural towns did rely on the "Ice Works" providing block ice for prolonging "produce shelf life" however semi remote and smaller communities did not have that facility. It was products such as this egg preserving ability that enabled these smaller rural communities to maintain a constant source of healthy "short life" organic produce.This tin which contained egg preservative powder is very significant to a rural region (Kiewa Valley) in the late 1800's to early 1900's. It details the type of food preservative methods that were available to rural areas which lacked proper refrigeration means at their disposal. Basic foodstuff which required "special" preservation means to extend their "shelf" life were sometimes regarded as luxuries by semi remote communities. Kiewa Valley and its regions were typical of these remote communities in the time frame of this egg preservation product. The ability to keep products that deteriorate due to "normal" outdoor temperature (bacterior prone produce) was a factor of rural living.This round "tubular" tin has a indented lid which fits snugly into the top opening. The lid has a rolled out lip which ensures a degree of "air" tightness. The tin is pressed and folded together and has no synthetic inner cover to protect the egg preservative powder from the raw tin surface. This "raw" method was the typical application for all tins containing dry food stuffs in this period(mid 1900's) of goods manufacture. The outer tin surface has a tightly pressed laminated paper label with product and manufacturer's information (promotional, preservation "tips" and usage details - will preserve sixteen dozen eggs). On the "front" side "EGG PRESERVATIVE" underneath "OVO" ,underneath "REGISTERED" and in a double lined enclosed square "AWARDED TWO GOLD MEDALS" underneath is a sketch of a mixing dish containing fourteen visible eggs. The bottom label has within an oval boundary (white print on a blue background) "FOR HOUSEHOLD USE" underneath "OVO" and underneath "PRESERVES EGGS PERFECTLY WITHOUT MESS OR TROUBLE" On the opposite side of the tin is printed "VICKERY'S FIRST & ONLY ORIGINAL EGG PRESERVATIVE - in red print. Underneath this is a "round stamp" with the figurehead(royalty) and these encircling words" TASMANIAN INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION" with a scrolled "GOLD MEDAL HOBART 1895" with another medal like "medallion" showing another female face with a "warrior" headdress and these encircling words "HONOR TO WHOM HONOR IS DUE". Below this within a scrollis printed "GOLD MEDAL BALLARAT 1896" underneath this is printed "MANUFACTURED BY OVO PROPRIETARY LIMITED BALLARAT"egg preservation, rural food storage, kitchen preservation facilities -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle - Castor Oil, Circa 1920's to 1900's
This bottle of castor oil was used during the mid to late 1900's when there was a Hospital in the Kiewa Valley, but regarded as only for serious injuries and near death situation. For this reason many households had a "first aid" box full of items such as this bottle of castor oil. Home based remedies for non life threatening injuries and illnesses were a part of life in a semi remote rural region. True and trusted family "health" remedies were passed from generation to generation.This Castor Oil bottle is very significant to the Kiewa Valley as it demonstrates the self reliance of the early farming and grazing pioneer families. Knowledge of "first aid" was uppermost to the survival of families before the late 1900's. Naturopathic remedies such as connected with the castor oil contained in this bottle, although may not be sanctioned by medical research, does not take into account of the positive "self healing" of the human mind (if you think it is doing you good it creates a positive action). Such preservation techniques were handed down through the generations.Medical Reference material was limited to books available and read and not not from "the internet" in the latter part of the 1900's. The availability of General Practitioners increased because of the boost in the population growth (SEC Vic Hydro Electricity Scheme) in the Kiewa Valley from 1940's onward. This small indigo coloured glass bottle has a narrow neck and a screw on lid.It has an embossed manufacturer's name and contents (Castor Oil) on one side and identification marks embossed on the underside base.medicine bottles, home first aid remedies, indigo glass medicine bottles -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Tool - Spliceing Tool, ca. mid-20th century
This splicing tool is handmade on a forge. It is used for splicing in fibre and wire rope work to form a semi-permanent joint between two ropes, or parts of the same rope or steel cable. The rope is partly untwisted and then the strands are interwoven. Splices can be used to form a stopper at the end of a line, to form a loop or an eye in a rope, or to join two ropes together. Splices are preferred to knotted rope; a knot typically can reduce the strength by 20–40%, but a splice is capable of attaining a rope's full strength. This homemade, handmade splicer is an example of a tool used to splice a cable or rope, a craft that was in much need onboard a sailing ship. Splicing tool; a spike on one end and a flat blade on the other, with goose-neck centre for leverage. Handmade.warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, splicing tool, rope work, rope strands, knot making, netting, net making, sailmaker's tool -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Photocopy, "How Steam Locomotion Came - its Cornish Origin, Bendigo's Early Experiment"
Article features a good reproduction of a Bendigo Steam tram (No. 2) and trailer, lettered "Bendigo Tramways Co. Ltd." Titled, "How Steam Locomotion Came - its Cornish Origin, Bendigo's Early Experiment", the article looks at the development of the steam locomotive, use in Cornwall, its use for steam tram locomotives in Bendigo in a light hearted manner. Written by "LMH" See item 9464 for a glass plate negative of this image.Yields information about Bendigo Steam trams.Photocopy of an article in The Age newspaper, dated 10 July 1943 on A3 size paper. trams, tramways, bendigo, steam trams, steam locomotive -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Photograph - Cable tram 389 Bourke St, late 1930s
Photo of a cable tram set, trailer 389 at the Bourke St terminus shortly after its arrival. Passengers are waiting in the Safety Zone, for the shunting to be completed before returning to Nicholson St. in the background are the Bourke St West Police station, Hudson's Stores, the MTO Co. Head office building and Carlyons Hotel. Under the awning of the MTOC Head office building is Buchanan;s Cafe. Photo late 1930sYields information about the Bourke St cable tram terminus, late 1930sBlack and white print with a plain backtrams, tramways, tram 306, cable trams, bourke st -
Mission to Seafarers Victoria
Container - Medium Wood Drawer
Ipecacuan powder, or Dover's powder, was a common emetic used through the eighteenth and nineteenth century as a sudorific and prescribed for colds, coughs, insomnia, rheumatism, pleurisy, and dysentery. Gum arabic was often used as an additive to promote binding of other ingredients to a liquid medium. Likely gum arabic was not prescribed by itself even though there are some health benefits for doing so, such as slowing the rate of absorption of some drugs within the gut. Camphor was a stimulant, narcotic and sudorific and was administered in pill form which included part ipecacuanha and opium to non acute fevers and remedy chromic rheumatism, as part of a liquid mixture to treat violent headaches as well as rheumatism, or in a solid form stored in a small bag worn around a patient's neck as a preservative against infection. Lint was commonly used for medical dressings.The right one of two marching medium sized wood drawers. Each drawer features four sliding lids on their top face which has a corresponding paper label depending on its contents as well as a small semi-circle notch, these lids slide laterally in pairs for either direction. These drawers are found in the front storage location of the parent item and bellow a row of glass containers.Ipecacuan. Powder. Gum Arabic. Camphor. Lint.volum collection -
Mission to Seafarers Victoria
Container - Small Wood Drawer
"Sena" is the medieval Latin and archaic spelling of "senna", which is used most often to treat constipation or to clear out a patients bowels before a medical procedure.The left one of two marching small sized wood drawers. Each drawer features one sliding lid on their top face which has a corresponding paper label depending on its contents as well as a small semi-circle notch, these lids slide vertically in one direction. These drawers are found in the front storage location of the parent item and bellow a row of medium sized drawers.Sena.volum collection -
Mission to Seafarers Victoria
Container - Small Wood Drawer
Rochelle salts, or potassium sodium tartrate, are a type of tartaric acid which was used medically as a laxative similar to sena and tartar Emetic.The right one of two marching small sized wood drawers. Each drawer features one sliding lid on their top face which has a corresponding paper label depending on its contents as well as a small semi-circle notch, these lids slide vertically in one direction. These drawers are found in the front storage location of the parent item and bellow a row of medium sized drawers.Rochelle Saltsvolum collection, medicine -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPH OF THE FASTEST TIME IN QUALIFYING FOR BOX DRAW
a. Frank Griffin(trainer) of Sunderland Boywith Semi-final Trophy from Mondaythe 15th of May fastest qualifer, Time 41.35seconds. Draw box 8 for the cup on 22may 1987. b. Photographers Caption with regard to the photo. c. Note to Nathan Dole with regard to Bendigo Cup heat and box winners and box draw for the final to be held on Wednesday17 January 2001. Signed Bob Bibic.clubs and associations, sport, greyhound racing -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Book, Robert W. Green, "The First Electric Road - a history of the Box Hill and Doncaster Tramway", 1989
Book - 84 pages + card covers, perfect bound, printed on semi gloss paper titled "The First Electric Road - a history of the Box Hill and Doncaster Tramway", written by Robert Green. Looks at the history of the development of the tramway, its finance, operations, problems, closure and reopening, the personalities. Includes a detailed list of appendices, references, bibliography, sources and an index. Published by John Mason Press - 1989.trams, tramways, box hill, doncaster, tramways -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Pamphlet, Minister of Transport, "Melbourne's Pollution Free Public Transport", "Modern Trams", 1973
Pamphlet, full colour of semi gloss quarto paper, folded into three, providing an image and details and features of new trams (Z class trams) and new Hitachi Silver trains. Issued by the Ministry of Transport. Printed by the Victorian Railways with the VR Print number of 374-73. Features Tram 1041 and a Silver train with a Show Grounds destination. Second copy added 28/11/2016.trams, tramways, public transport, prototype tramcar, z class, hitachi silver train -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Slide - 35mm slide/s, Eldon Hogan, Sep. 1971
35mm Agfa colour blue and white plastic mount slide - photo of Ballarat No. 42 just after turning into Drummond St south from Skipton St, with the destination of Lydiard St. North. In the background is a sign on a building "The home of Lusky Trailers". Photo taken Sept. 1971. Photos Eldon Hogan. All files transferred from disc to high res files 2/9/2009.tramways, trams, drummond st sth, sebastopol, tram 42 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - List, Wal Jack, M & MTB Rolling stock", mid 1950's
Handwritten list on Lined or ruled foolscap paper, both sides titled "M & MTB Rolling stock", listing class, Cars Nos, Type, seats, HP and Motors and remarks. Remarks give notes such as "class withdrawn", "still running" and conversions. Written in ink and ruled with red colour pencil. Extends to W7 class trams and lists Services cars including Ballast trailers. Document c1956.mmtb, tramcars, melbourne, lists -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newspaper, The Argus, "Country News - Ballarat and District", 15/06/1909 12:00:00 AM
Digital image and transcript of a press cutting from The Argus, Country News section, 15/6/1909 - about the inquest into the death of Mr J H Bates who died while travelling on the footboard of a car, fell off and was dragged under a trailer. Magistrate Mr Murphy, ESCo - Mr H Troup, Thomas Glenn tram conductor, H Bates - deceased, R J Gribble for the relatives.accidents, esco, injuries -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Co. Limited, c1900?
Black and white photograph of on end of cable saloon trailer No. 1 with the "Richmond" destination prominent and other details of the end of the tramcar. Photo possibly taken after the repainting of the tram. Photo from the Collection of the Department of Infrastructure now with the Public Records Office - image number H552. Note: this photo is now out of copyright and was not an original VR photograph, but one copied from another source and collected as their Heritage series.Has Department of Infrastructure copy right stamp on rear and number "H 552" in ink on rear and "1-6"trams, tramways, cable trams, trailers, paint, tram 1 -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Bowler Hat, Early 20th century
This is a bowler hat, commonly worn by men in the second half of the 19th century for semi-formal and informal wear. The bowler hat was first made by the hatters, Thomas and William Bowler, in 1849 and was said to have been commissioned by the owners of Holkham Hall, England, for use by gamekeepers on horseback to protect their heads from low-hanging branches. In the 19th and early 20th centuries bowler hats were worn mainly by businessmen in Britain, U.S.A and Australia but were also popularized for general use by notable personalities and actors such as Charlie Chaplin. This hat has no known local provenance but is retained for display purposesThis is a black felt hat with a rounded crown and a ribbon around the crown. The rim is slightly turned up. There are breathing holes in the crown.men’s headgear from the past, history of warrnambool -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, Lady's nylon gloves ' BEMBERG', c1970
Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The gloves were made in Hong Kong then as now a place where fashions can be made cheaply because the cost of labour is inexpensive. Bemberg is a brand name of rayon fabric, of the finest quality. The family of Carole Pedersen-Green were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire and their Danish heritage is an example of the many nationalities who lived and worked there.A pair of lady's cream, nylon, mid-length gloves with synthetic fur cuffs C 1970‘BEMBERG’ NYLON made in HONG KONG clothing, gloves, formal wear, craftwork, lace making, dress etiquette, satin, silk, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, fashion, hong kong, simplex material, rayon, bemberg material, synthetic fur, nylon, pedersen-green carole, green carole -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Accessory - Clothing, Lady's cream nylon gloves, c1950
Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The most expensive gloves are custom-made of kid leather. The gloves were probably made in Hong Kong, then as now, a place where fashions can be made cheaply because the cost of labour is inexpensive.The family of Carole Pedersen-Green were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire. Carole was a founding member of CMHSA pair of lady's cream, nylon, wrist length gloves with a frilled edgeclothing, gloves, nylon, hong kong, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, pedersen-green carole, green carole, denmark -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Accessory - Clothing, lady's cream nylon gloves, c1950
Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The most expensive gloves are custom-made of kid leather. These gloves were probably made in Hong Kong, then as now, a place where fashions can be made cheaply because the cost of labour is inexpensiveThe family of Carole Pedersen-Green were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire. Carole was a founding member of CMHSA pair of cream, nylon, lady's wrist length gloves There are 4 cotton flower shapes at centre back of wrist with a tiny pearl in each centreclothing, gloves, nylon, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, early settlers, market gardeners, hong kong, pedersen-green carole, green carole, denmark -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Calendar Desk Perpetual, circa mid 1950s
This item appears to be a calendar which was in use for a multiple clientele office e.g. post office, commercial office or bank, school or educational administration area, small government office or hospital administration in the Kiewa Valley or its region. The time this item was first used, electrical or battery powered desk and office calendars did not exist for semi isolated rural regions. These type of perpetual calendars not only looked impressive but were not affected by power shortages. This was a time when not all of Victoria was adequately supplied by power. This item is quite relevant to the Kiewa Valley as it demonstrates that the time before the Hydro electricity generators where built (Mount Beauty to Falls Creek), power supplies were not keeping up to the ever increasing demand from city and rural customers. This item was in a period before mass produced automated date and time pieces were available and hand operated date and time pieces were both in a social and commercial sphere a necessity.Wooden box (varnished) with three openings (on the front) detailing ,the day(Monday to Sunday), the date (1st to 31st) and the month (January to December). On the right side of the calendar box are two winding screws (RHS 6 steel) for each opening. These permit the scrolling of the information i.e. day, number and month. This ability results in a desk calendar which is perpetual. On the back there is a steel (screwed on) hanger with a slot for wall screw.perpetual calendar, office calendars, desk calendars, desk furniture -
Lauriston Girls’ School (incorporating Lauriston Museum and Gallery)
Painting, Portrait of Mrs Susan St.Leon Headmistress 1973-1982
A portrait in oils or acrylic of Mrs Susan St. Leon, Size 1380mm x 900mm. Janet Dawson trained at the National Gallery School, Melbourne, and won a NGV Travelling Scholarship to study painting, lithography and etching at the Slade School and the Central School in London. Since then she has had numerous exhibitions, and is represented in all major public collections of Australia. She won the Archibald Prize in 1973 for one of her portraits. This portrait is part of the Record Series 74. Permanent/Semi-Permanent Displayed Works.Oil Painting of Mrs Susan St. Leon Headmistress Mrs Susan St.Leon Headmistress 1973-1982