Parnell was an Irish nationalist and statesman who led the fight for Irish Home Rule in the 1880s. Charles Stewart Parnell was born on 27 June 1846 in County Wicklow into a family of Anglo-Irish Protestant landowners. He studied at Cambridge University and was elected to parliament in 1875 as a member of the Home Rule League (later re-named by Parnell the Irish Parliamentary Party). His abilities soon became evident. In 1878, Parnell became an active opponent of the Irish land laws, believing their reform should be the first step on the road to Home Rule. In 1879, Parnell was elected president of the newly founded National Land League and the following year he visited the United States to gain both funds and support for land reform. In the 1880 election, he supported the Liberal leader William Gladstone, but when Gladstone's Land Act of 1881 fell short of expectations, he joined the opposition. By now he had become the accepted leader of the Irish nationalist movement. Parnell now encouraged boycott as a means of influencing landlords and land agents, and as a result he was sent to jail and the Land League was suppressed. From Kilmainham prison he called on Irish peasants to stop paying rent. In March 1882, he negotiated an agreement with Gladstone - the Kilmainham Treaty - in which he urged his followers to avoid violence. But this peaceful policy was severely challenged by the murder in May 1882 of two senior British officials in Phoenix Park in Dublin by members of an Irish terrorist group. Parnell condemned the murders. In 1886, Parnell joined with the Liberals to defeat Lord Salisbury's Conservative government. Gladstone became prime minister and introduced the first Irish Home Rule Bill. Parnell believed it was flawed but said he was prepared to vote for it. The Bill split the Liberal Party and was defeated in the House of Commons. Gladstone's government fell soon afterwards.(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/parnell_charles.shtml, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún) was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which sought to help poor tenant farmers. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War. Within decades of the league's foundation, through the efforts of William O'Brien and George Wyndham (a descendant of Lord Edward FitzGerald), the 1902 Land Conference produced the Land (Purchase) Act 1903 which allowed Irish tenant farmers buy out their freeholds with UK government loans over 68 years through the Land Commission (an arrangement that has never been possible in Britain itself). For agricultural labourers, D.D. Sheehan and the Irish Land and Labour Association secured their demands from the Liberal government elected in 1905 to pass the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906, and the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911, which paid County Councils to build over 40,000 new rural cottages, each on an acre of land. By 1914, 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords, mostly under the two Acts. In all, under the pre-UK Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to 15 million acres (61,000 km2) out of a total of 20 million acres (81,000 km2) in the country. Sometimes the holdings were described as "uneconomic", but the overall sense of social justice was undeniable. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League was founded at the Imperial Hotel in Castlebar, the County town of Mayo, on 21 October 1879. At that meeting Charles Stewart Parnell was elected president of the league. Andrew Kettle, Michael Davitt, and Thomas Brennan were appointed as honorary secretaries. This united practically all the different strands of land agitation and tenant rights movements under a single organisation. The two aims of the Land League, as stated in the resolutions adopted in the meeting, were: ...first, to bring out a reduction of rack-rents; second, to facilitate the obtaining of the ownership of the soil by the occupiers. That the object of the League can be best attained by promoting organisation among the tenant-farmers; by defending those who may be threatened with eviction for refusing to pay unjust rents; by facilitating the working of the Bright clauses of the Irish Land Act during the winter; and by obtaining such reforms in the laws relating to land as will enable every tenant to become owner of his holding by paying a fair rent for a limited number of years. Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, and others including Cal Lynn then went to America to raise funds for the League with spectacular results. Branches were also set up in Scotland, where the Crofters Party imitated the League and secured a reforming Act in 1886. The government had introduced the first ineffective Land Act in 1870, then the equally inadequate Acts of 1880 and 1881 followed. These established a Land Commission that started to reduce some rents. Parnell together with all of his party lieutenants, including Father Eugene Sheehy known as "the Land League priest", went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act in Kilmainham Jail for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the No-Rent Manifesto was issued, calling for a national tenant farmer rent strike which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely. Typically a rent strike would be followed by evictions by the police, or those tenants paying rent would be subject to a local boycott by League members. Where cases went to court, witnesses would change their stories, resulting in an unworkable legal system. This in turn led on to stronger criminal laws being passed that were described by the League as "Coercion Acts". The bitterness that developed helped Parnell later in his Home Rule campaign. Davitt's views were much more extreme, seeking to nationalise all land, as seen in his famous slogan: "The land of Ireland for the people of Ireland". Parnell aimed to harness the emotive element, but he and his party preferred for tenant farmers to become freeholders on the land they rented, instead of land being vested in "the people".(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014)Image of bearded man known as Charles Stewart Parnellballarat irish, parnell, charles parnell, home rule

Image of a bearded man known as John P. Sutton.ballarat irish, sutton, john sutton

Image of a bearded man known as Thomas H. Walsh.ballarat irish, walsh, thomas walsh, tom walsh

Image of a moustached man known as Maurice F. Wilhere.ballarat irish, wilhere, maurice wilhere

The "Man With The Donkey" Commemorative Lapel Badge on card with story.ephemera, ww1, army

Colour photo of a man playing possibly an organ in a church.photo, individual, male, peter ellis collection, organ player

Black and white photo a man playing a piano accordion.photo, individual, male, peter ellis collection, man playing a piano accordian

Photograph. Lady and man standing in store,(unnamed) . Elmore.

Zippered leather container designed to hold studs used by men in the cuffs of their shirts. Man's leather zipped wallet including shirt studspersonal accessories - men's, cuff links, containers

The Kew Historical Society’s fashion and design collection is comprised of costumes, hats, shoes and personal accessories. Many of these items were purchased or handmade in Victoria; some locally in Kew. The extensive hat collection comprises items dating from the 1860s to the 1970s. While most of the hats in the collection were created by milliners for women, there are a number of early and important men’s hats in the collection. The headwear collection is particularly significant in that it includes the work of notable Australian and international milliners.Man’s top hat created and retailed by Buzolich of Melbourne.Label: Buzolich, Strand Hat Shop, 17 Elizabeth St., between Flinders St., & Flinders Lane, near Stationbuzolich, hats, top hats, men's clothing, australian fashion

Horse drawn wagon with teamster.Blurred B/W photograph of four horses and manstawell rural harvesting

Ernest Lance Young was born 24 March 1915 in Surrey Hills, the son of Ernest Augustus Young and Ruby Nichell Whitty. He married Beryl Mair in 1939 and died on 5 October 1999 at Mont Albert. Electoral rolls list him as a manufacturer. His address after marriage was 11 York Street, Mont Albert. He is buried in Box Hill Cemetery (M-*-0867) along with his father. He served in WW2 (Service Number - VX104733 enlisting at St Kilda) and after returning took over his father's business. Young's Motor Products have manufactured products for the automotive and other related industries, including chemical trades, since 1920. Business history: Young's commenced trading in 1917 when Mr Ernest Augustus Young started selling paint brushes. At this time the company was known as E.A.Young & Co. with business premises in Queen Street Melbourne. Ernest soon expanded into paints and other products for the rapidly growing automotive trade and by 1920 was well recognised as a leading supplier. At this time canvas hoods were the norm and Ernest produced a "Canvas Hood Dressing" which gained acceptance as 'the one to buy'. This product was exported throughout the world. By 1930 Young's range had expanded and the product range included items like distilled water, gasket cement, vulcanising heat patches, rust prevention and many more diverse products. Young's name then, was so well known in Australia and the world, that a letter could be addressed just "Young's Melbourne" and it would reach the company. Young's survived the great depression, but in 1939 the Australian government commandeered the factory with all plant and equipment, thus closing Young's for the duration of the WW2. Ernest continued to make products at home for the war effort. When his son, Lance, returned home from overseas war service in Singapore, the Young's factory was re-established at 405 Canterbury Road, Canterbury near Chatham Station and worked to regain markets lost in the 1940s. By 1980 Lance Young wished to retire, his immediate family didn't want to continue the business and Lance believed Australia would lose a great asset if he just closed the company. He sought to find someone within the motor trade who would uphold the Young's principles of product and service and in 1981 Allan Kennedy & Sons bought the business.Lance Young was retained as an active consultant until his death in October 1999, aged 84. Products: Superseal for radiators, tyre dressing (tyre black), car shampoo, hood dressing, leather and vinyl cleaner. The factory was later elased to B&D Rollerdoors. REF: Personal communication (Laurie Newton, nee Young) and http://youngsmp.com.au/comprof.htm Part of a large collection of material related to the Young, Mair and Deakin families.A sepia studio photo of a young man in a suit and tie.On rear: "Lance Young"; photographer's stamp: "THE GLEN STUDIO / 133 GLENFERRIE RD / GLENFERRIE VIC"ernest lance young, lance young, ernest augustus young, young's motor products, 405 canterbury road, ww2

Painting depicting an old man with pipe painting in the landscape. Signed (L.r) 'Howley 79'. On reverse: Label (L.r) '37 Out painting with Clif Pugh by John Howley'. john howley, painting, portrait, clifton pugh, landscape, dunmoochin

Portrait of an old man wearing glasses with a bouquet of flowers. Signed (L.l) 'Clifton Pugh in Somerset, Bellamy 86'. john bellamy, painting, watercolour, clifton pugh, flower, somerset

Red chalk line drawing of the head of a man with glasses. Inscribed in pencil lower left ' Clif Pugh by Bert Irvin'. Signed and dated in red chalk lower right 'Irvin '83'. bert irvin, drawing, conte, clifton pugh, portrait

Square silicon mould depicting man raising a goblet.Nonematcham skipper, mould, jewellery, male

This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 1000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Framed watercolour and ink work of a man playing a violin.art, artwork, neville bunning, available, music, violin

RBS client Frank Knox navigates his way along Sydney's footpaths with O&M instructor Lori Lerner.B/W photograph of man using a white canePhoto for page No. 11 - 1986 Use this for circle photo's.royal blind society of nsw, white cane day, frank knox, lori lerner

Ron Bruce reading a Braille map of Sydney's railway network.B/W photograph of man reading braille map1/71016 M&O -historicalroyal blind society of nsw, ron bruce, maps

Screen magnifiers allow easier access for those with some sight, who find it difficult to fill in forms. In this example, Allan Bates writes his name and address on to a small form, and watches his placement via a Visual Tek magnifier.1 black and white photograph of man filling in a formassistive devices, allan bates

Charles Bradbury recollects his time in the Royal Navy, whilst relaxing at Elanora.1 b/w photograph of man in floral armchairCharles Bradbury, 75, tells stories of his naval days with the Royal Navy Oct 88 Lighter F2 1/2association for the blind, elanora home (brighton), charles bradbury

Bookplate featuring a man sitting and playing in a pile of bookplates"Ex Libris - Edwin Jewell"

colour photograph of man with musical instruments on back of truck

significant as a work of art by local Pyrenees artist, locally significant to the Central Highlands Region of Victoria as a representation of local landscape and/or culturePortrait of a man local Beaufort farmer Joe LambSigned: M Dannatt '94 (lower right)

A volunteer selling candles at Carols by Candlelight 2007, held at the Sidney Myer Music Bowl.1 digital image of man selling candles at concertcarols by candlelight, vision australia, volunteers

Denis Walter performing on stage at the 2006 Carols by Candlelight, held at the Sidney Myer Music Bowl.1 digital image of man selling candles at concertcarols by candlelight, vision australia, denis walter