This guillotine is a hand operated machine specifically designed to cut through multiple sheets of paper or card. It has a very heavy and sharp single blade knife mounted between vertical guides or runners. The main users of a machine like this is in by the printing and publication binding industry. Book binding companies use a guillotine to evenly trim the pages of a book after it has been bound. The way the guillotine is used is - paper or card is stacked squarely on the flat table and pushed firmly against the back guide - the handle below the table at the front of the machine is wound around, which brings the back guide forward, pushing the paper stack forward and positioning the centre of the stack below the vertical frame - the upper wheel is wound around, which brings the clamp and firmly in position on top of the paper, to hold it very firmly - the large wheel on the side of the machine is turned around to lower the long sharp blade down onto the pages and cut them through. The sharp edge of the blade is protected somewhat from becoming blunt; a block of wood sits in the table under the stack of paper An early model of a guillotine was patented in 1837 by Thirault, who built a model with a fixed blade. Guillotines similar in principal to this one were patented by Guillaume Massiquot in 1844 and 1852. Over the years many improvements have been made and operation has moved from man power to electricity. Oscar Friedheim Ltd. was the importer and wholesaler of a large range of machinery and equipment for the printing and bookbinding industry. He sold most of his equipment under his own name. On this guillotine or paper cutter he refers to the origin of the guillotine’s manufacture only as “German Manufacrure”. A reference book “Commercial Bookbinding: a description of the processes and the various machines used" by Geo. Stephen, 1910, recommends Oscar Friedheim, amongst others, for the supply of “reliable cutting machines for hand or power”. It also recommends Oscar Friedheim’s for a wide range of other printing machinery and processes. OSCAR FRIEDHEIM LIMITED, LONDON Oscar Friedheim Ltd. was established in 1884 and operated from Ludgate in London. The company was an importer and wholesale supplier in the 1880’s, offering machinery and equipment for the printing and packaging industry for the UK and Ireland. The company became incorporated in 1913. An advertisement of 1913 includes a telegraphic code plus two telephone numbers for Oscar Friedheim Ltd and invites readers to call at the Ludgate, London, showrooms to see the machines working. The company later became Friedheim International Ltd. The book titled “Friedheim, A Century of Service 1884-1984 by Roy Brewer, celebrates Oscar Friedheim’s achievements. Friedheim International currently operates from Hemel Hempstead, on the northern outskirts of London UK. It promotes itself as “… the leading supplier of finishing, converting and packaging machinery to the printing, graphic arts, and highly varied packaging industries in the UK and Ireland. The company’s policy is simple – “employ the best people, work with the best equipment manufacturers in the world, and treat our customers as partners!” The company still sells guillotines. The guillotine is significant for its ability to represent aspects of the printing trade in Warrnambool and in a typical port town circa 1850 to 1910. It represents communication methods and processes used in the time before electrically powered equipment became common in industry.Guillotine (or paper cutter), hand operated. Metal framework with vertical guides, stand and metal mechanical parts including wheels and gears. Table with back guide; handle below front of table winds to move the back guide. A wheel at top of machine winds to adjust pressure of the clamp on the work on the table below it. The cutting blade fits between vertical guides; a timber insert in the table below the blade helps minimise the loss of sharpness of the blade. A handle on the side of the machine turns a large spoked wheel, which rotates a large gear, causing the blade to move up and down. Makers details are on a small oval plaque with embossed maker’s details is screwed onto main body. Maker is O Friedheim, London, and the machine is of German manufacture, circa late 1880’s.Maker’s plaque inscribed "O. FRIEDHEIM / London / German Manufacture"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, printing machinery, printer’s guillotine, paper guillotine, paper cutter machine, oscar friedheim ltd london, friedheim international ltd, bookbinding industry, printing industry

This wooden cardholder has been made from the wood of the screw steamer S.S. Edina, most probably after she was broken up in 1957, but could have been made after one of several renovations during her lifetime. The slotted design of the cardholder allows a card to stand vertically and the base is made wider to stableise the holder. It could be used for holding items such as place cards, menus, table numbers. ABOUT THE S S EDINA The three masted iron screw steamer SS Edina was built in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1854 by Barclay and Curle. She was adorned with the figurehead of ‘fair maid of Judea’. The many years of service made SS Edina famous worldwide as the longest serving screw steamer. (The term screw steamer comes from being driven by a single propeller, sometimes called a screw, driven by a steam engine.) SS Edina’s interesting history includes English Chanel runs, serving in the Crimean Ware carrying ammunition, horses and stores to the Black Sea, and further service in the American Civil War and later, serving in the western district of Victoria as well as in Queensland and carried gold, currency and gold prospectors Australia to New Zealand. SS Edina had the privilege of being an escort vessel to H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh during his visit to Australia in 1867. In March 1863 SS Edina arrived in Port Phillip Bay, Melbourne, and was bought by Stephen Henty, of Portland fame, to work the cargo and passenger run from Melbourne – Warrnambool – Port Fairy - Portland. After a short time of working the run from Australia to New Zealand, with passengers and cargo that included gold and currency, she returned to her Melbourne - Warrnambool – Port Fairy run, with cargo including bales of wool produced in the western district of Victoria. The Warrnambool Steam Packet Company purchased SS Edina in 1867; she was now commanded by Captain John Thompson and Chief Engineer John Davies. She survived several mishaps at sea, had a complete service and overhaul, and several changes of commanders. In 1870 SS Edina was in Lady Bay, Warrnambool, when a gale sprung up and caused a collision with the iron screw steamer SS Dandenong. SS Edina’s figurehead was broken into pieces and it was not ever replaced. SS Edina was re-fitted in 1870 than was used as a coastal trader in Queensland for a period. She was then brought to Melbourne to carry cargo and passengers between Melbourne and Geelong and performed this service 1880-1938. During this time (1917) she was again refitted with a new mast, funnel, bridge and promenade deck, altering her appearance. In 1938, after more collisions, SS Edina was taken out of service. However she was later renamed Dinah and used as a ‘lighter’ (a vessel without engine or superstructure) to be towed and carry wool and general cargo between Melbourne and Geelong. In 1957, after 104 years, the SS Edina was broken up at Footscray, Melbourne. Remains of SS Edina’s hull can be found in the Maribyrnong River, Port Phillip Bay. [Reference: A Brief Review of Steam Navigation in Victoria; C Dickson Gregory; Centenary Maritime Exhibition catalogue, 1934; published by Shiplovers' Society of Victoria Dandenong, Passengers in History, http://passengersinhistory.sa.gov.au/node/924034 Edina, Victorian Heritage Database VHR S199 http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/shipwrecks/heritage/199 SS Edina, Coastal Trader and Passenger Ship 1853-1938, Museum Victoria Collections, https://collections.museumvictoria.com.au/articles/6227 SS ‘Edina’ – the Longest Serving Screw Steamer in the World, POI Australia, https://poi-australia.com.au/ss-edina-the-longest-serving-steamer-in-the-world/ ]This card holder is made from wood from the SS Edina and is significant for its association with that vessel. The SS Edina is heritage listed on the Victorian Heritage Database VHR S199. She had endeared herself to the people of Port Phillip Bay as a passenger ferry, part of their history and culture. She played a significant role in the Crimean War, the American Civil War and the gold rush in New Zealand. She also served western Victoria for many years in her cargo and passenger runs. The SS Edina is famous for being the longest serving screw steamer in the world. After spending her first nine years overseas she arrived in Melbourne and her work included running the essential service of transporting cargo and passengers between Melbourne and the western Victoria ports of Warrnambool, Port Fairy and Portland. The SS Edina was purchased in the late 1860’s by local Warrnambool business, the Warrnambool Steam Packet Co. and continued trading from there as part of the local business community. The SS Edina’s original ‘fair maid of Judea’ figurehead was broken to pieces in a collision with another vessel (the SS Dandenong) in a gale off Warrnambool, Victoria, in 1870. Card holder, made from the wood from the SS Edina (screw steamer ship). Holder is cylindrical shape, wider turned wood base. Top is divided with a space in the centre tor inserting a card. Rectangular metal plaque, gold coloured, has a printed inscription within black border. Made c. 1854 - 1957.Printed in black lettering on gold coloured plaque "MADE FROM / THE WOOD OF / S.S. EDINA"warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, shipwrecked artefact, barclay & curle, figurehead 'fair maid of judea', centenary maritime exhibition 1934, a brief review of steam navigation in victoria, pleasure steamer edina, trade and travel late 19th and early 20th century, trade melbourne to geelong, screw steamer edina, coastal trader edina, lighter dinah, cargo carrying for cremean war, cargo carrying for american civil war, passenger and trade in western district of victoria, export gold and currency and gold diggers to new zealand, export vessel to h r h the duke of edinburgh, melbourne - warrnambool - port fairy - portland cargo run, warrnambool steam packet company, stephen henty, captain john thompson, chief engineer john davies, lady bay warrnambool, lighter edina, shipping victoria, port phillip bay steamers, steamship great britain, edina, vhr s199 victorian heritage database, card holder, menu holder, table number holder, souvenir of the ss edina

Red cloth large hardcover book. Title is written on the front cover and on spine in gold. Small gold circle pattern on front cover. The book contains 100 coloured plates, 32 b/w plates with images of peasant handicraft. The book includes table of content, index, bibliography and a library due date card inside back cover, it was borrowed by Donald Ferguson(an art lecturer)on 13 May 1957. Page numbers written in roman numerals. embroidery, europe, ceramics, ornaments, peasant art, h th bossert, folk art, embroideries, handicraft, decorative arts, textile fabrics

Sarah Wright was the mother of Frank Wright and was born around 1858 and died in April 1932 aged 74 years. Frank Wright was a renown resident of Smeaton, where he was born. Frank Wright said that his mother had "a voice of purest gold, placidity and graciousness that were characteristic of Melba". The family lived at Laura Villa, and attended Smeaton State School. Frank's father William was a gold miner. Their family won many singing and instrumental awards. Frank was tutored by Percy Code and became the Australian Open Cornet Champion by the age of eighteen. A year later, Frank conducted the City of Ballarat Band, and later the Ballarat Soldiers’ Memorial Band. He formed the Frank Wright Frisco Band and Frank Wright and his Coliseum Orchestra. These bands won many South Street awards, and Frank as conductor won many awards in the Australian Band Championship contest. In 1933 Frank Wright sailed to England to conduct the famous St Hilda’s Band and was later appointed Musical Director of the London County Council, where he organized many amazing concerts in parks, in and around the London district. He was made Professor of Brass and Military Band Scoring and conducted at the Guildhall of Music and Drama. Frank was often invited to adjudicate Brass Band Championships around Europe, in Australia, including South Street and in New Zealand. The Frank Wright Medal at the Royal South Street competition is awarded to an individual recognized as making an outstanding contribution to brass music in Australia.Frank Wright's mother sits at a table in a kitchen (probably her home - Laura Villa, Smeaton)On back - Post Card, Kodak Australiasarah wright, frank wright, brass band, smeaton, laura cottage

The Ballarat Junior Technical School was established in 1913, and was a division of the Ballarat School of Mines. According to 'The Australasian' of 31 July 1915 sixty students of the Ballarat Junior Technical School made all the items depicted in the photograph.Black and white photograph mounted onto a brown card showing the interior of the Ballarat School of Mines Carpentry Building. It shows the war efforts of Sloyd students at the Ballarat Junior Technical School. Numerous foot stools, foot warmers, tables and seats were made by student to send to the front during World War One. Teacher Albert Steane stands on the left (2nd to the left of the Red Cross sign). From the second timber support beam V. Maddison stands 4th to the right and F.N. Ling 6th to the right of the beam. ballarat school of mines, ballarat junior technical school, world war one, world war 1, world war, red cross, albert steane, v. maddison, fn king, war effort, home front, trade, steane, sloyd

Black and white photo of part of a crushing plant and tables. Photo is mounted on pale blue paper which is mounted on light brown card.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - crushers and tables, watts bros

Pale green three fold card with the names, addresses, phone numbers, and goods which can be purchased at the businesses. Businesses named are: Fletchers International Food Store, T. Chamberlin, Northern Terrazzo Co, Suttons Pty. Ltd., Bus Time Table, Ashmans, Reg. V. Brock, Gillies Bros., Miller Bros., The Bendigo Fashion House, Quarry Hill Bus Service, Mamouney's. Printed by Arthur Hocking, Print, Bendigo. Bus Time Table effective March 1960.commerce, advertising, w. babidge collection - where to shop in bendigo and suburbs, fletchers international food store, t. chamberlin, northern terrazzo co, suttons pty. ltd., bus time table, ashmans, reg. v. brock, gillies bros., miller bros., the bendigo fashion house, quarry hill bus service, mamouney's. arthur hocking, print, bendigo, .

Sepia? Photograph of 14 men. Three are seated at a small table and the rest are seated in a row behind them. There is a decorative wall and doorway behind them and some palms and other foliage in the photo. Photo is mounted on cream card with two indented borders. Handwritten on the back: Master H? Davies, Clive St., W. Footscray. Photographer's name is stamped on the back in blue.Cyril White, Mundy Street, Bendigophoto, group, male, joseph davies collection, photograph of 14 men, master h davies, cyril white

Small three quarter portrait of a lady seated on a chair beside a table. She has her right elbow resting on the table and her hand up to her face. She is wearing a skirt with rows of gathers and a high neck jacket with buttons down the front and on the sleeves. She has a brooch at her neckline. She is also wearing gloves. Photo mounted on cream card with rounded corners and brown printing front and back.Stewart & Co., 217 & 219 Bourke St. East, Melbournephotograph, portrait, female, portrait of a lady, stewart & co.

Sepia photograph: Group of men dressed in uniform,- six seated around table, six standing. Appears to be a mess hut, coats and clothing hanging on hooks on wall, bedding ( ? ) stacked against walls. 20 signatures on back of card.person, robert denis kelly, world war 1, robert denis kelly collection, world war 1

Card (copy) of signals used in the Central Deborah Gold Mine operations using the cage and winder. Bells, and what they mean, is set out in a table. Levels 1 to 15 bells are described. On back of card the mine, internal and extgernal phone system is described.bendigo, mining, central deborah gold mine

Carte de Visite Photographed by Bent at Batchelder's Centre of Pall Mall Sandhurst. B & W Photograph of a young girl standing beside a table. Name written on the back of the card - HannahBent

Carte de Visite Photographed by Bent at Batchelder's Centre of Pall Mall Sandhurst. B & W Photograph of a young girl standing beside a table. Name written on the back of the card - Mary JaneBent

Whitish card with pale green shaded edges. Near the top is a brown window with green curtains and looking out to a rural scene. In front of the window is a table with a green cloth on it, a green vase of pink blossom and an open book with 'Best Wishes' printed on it in black. At the bottom, printed in brown and gold is a verse by Whittier. Card & insert held together with a greyish ribbon.Raphael Tuck & Sonsperson, greeting cards, malone collection, malone collection, greeting cards

Document. Greeting Cards. Single card with a blue bowl of red, pink & yellow roses on a table. In the background is a house & shrub which can be seen through an open window. Underneath is: 'In quietness and in confidence shall be your strength' Isa. 30.15. Printed in blue, brown & red. Two holes at the top with a pink piece of cord to hang the card.G.0357 Printed in Englandperson, greeting cards, malone collection, malone collection, greeting cards

Postcard with raised 8.5cm x 8.5cm coloured image of Crystal Palace London. Image has printed words 'Patent' and 'Fab Card' either side of a printed coat of arms at the top and letters W.N.S.B. bottom left corner and 'Series V No 51' bottom right corner. Image is attached to printed 14cm x 9cm black and white printed card. The words 'Fab Card' and 'The Art Patchwork Series' appear on the card either side of the image. Printed drawings of a woman seated sewing and standing placing a cloth on a table appear either side of the image. On reverse card is addressed to Miss Dean McKenzie Street Golden Square Victoria Australia. 1 penny stamp attached.W.N. Sharpe Sole Publisher Bradfordpostcard

Postcard with raised 8.5cm x 8.5cm coloured image of Royal Exchange London. Image has printed words 'Patent' and 'Fab Card' either side of a printed coat of arms at the top and letters W.N.S.B. bottom left corner and 'Series V No 52' bottom right corner. Image is attached to printed 14cm x 9cm black and white printed card. The words 'Fab Card' and 'The Art Patchwork Series' appear on the card either side of the image. Printed drawings of a woman seated sewing and standing placing a cloth on a table appear either side of the image. On reverse card is addressed to Miss Dean Golden Square Victoria Australia. 1 penny stamp attached and postmarked Johannesburg.W.N. Sharpe Sole Publisher Bradfordpostcard

Postcard with raised 8.5cm x 8.5cm coloured image of Buckingham Palace. Image has printed words 'Patent' and 'Fab Card' either side of a printed coat of arms at the top and letters W.N.S.B. bottom left corner and 'Series V No 43' bottom right corner. Image is attached to printed 14cm x 9cm black and white printed card. The words 'Fab Card' and 'The Art Patchwork Series' appear on the card either side of the image. Printed drawings of a woman seated sewing and standing placing a cloth on a table appear either side of the image. On reverse card is addressed to Miss G Dean Golden Square Victoria Australia. 1 penny stamp attached.W.N. Sharpe Sole Publisher Bradfordpostcard

Photographic postcard depicting Table Mountain Cape Town. The front shows several ships docked in the bay. The post card is unaddressed In pencil on the back "Table Mountain Cape Town" postcard, southafrica, cape town, table mountain

Invitation card. On the front picture of several couples dancing, printing in green and white. Underneath in black: Bendigo Institute of Technology Centenary Graduation Ball; Saturday, June 20, 8pm to 1am. Double. O n the back: table 4 in blue pen and the number 57 printed.event, social, graduation ball

Black and white photograph mounted on cream card with embossed border. Subject is a young lady dressed in a white dress with a black graduation robe with three stripes on the sleeves. On her head is mortarboard with tassel hanging on the left. She is standing with one hand resting on a table and in the other she is holding a book with the word Longfellow on the cover. She has a brooch in the shape of a bar with a cameo suspended from it at her neck.photograph, portrait, female

Wesleyan Methodist Preachers: Orton, Hurst, Tuckfield, Witton, Dredge, Parker, Smith, Wilkinson, Willard, Topp, Stone.Tan coloured card with handwritten title and table which gives the places, dates and Preacher's names in black ink copperplate writing.wesleyan methodist melbourne circuit

The foundation stone of the present church was laid by the Hon James Balfour on 15 June 1875. Mr Charles Webb was the architect, the builder Mr James Bonham . The opening services were held of 2 December 1875.B&W matt photograph mounted on card of the interior of the Brighton Congregational Church hall c.1900. The image shows tables, chairs and flags arranged inside the hall.harvest festival, brighton congregational church hall

The overall objective of this report is to collate information about Aboriginal English in order to inform future staff training and resources for people working in the courts, including solicitors and magistrates. Features Radio National transcript from Lingua Franca program, and content by Diane Eades.tables, sample legal letters, pamphlets, information cardaustralia -- trials, litigation, etc. english language -- dialects -- australia. aboriginal australians -- social life and customs. law -- australia -- language -- handbooks, manuals, etc. aboriginal australians -- criminal justice system.

Rev. William Reuben Lewis (1818-1871) was Chairman of Congregational Church of Victoria, 1865-1866.Sepia toned studio portrait of a seated Rev. William Reuben Lewis who is sitting at table with his legs crossed and holding a book. He is looking at the camera. The photograph is mounted on what is scrap card.Handwritten on the back: "W R Lewis"william reuben lewis, chairman congregational church victoria, congregational minister

Oamaru NZ origin 1923 Essendon (St. John's) from July 1929 admittedSepia studio portrait of Rev S F Hunter mounted on brown card. The Rev Hunter is posed sitting holding a piece of paper with his arm resting on a table. He is dressed in his clerical clothing. The mount has been cut on the left hand side. Handwritten on the back: "Rev. S. F. Hunter MA. D." "July 1923 - 1929" "c/o Mrs S. F. Hunter Brighton St Highgate Hill Sth Brisbane"presbyterian ministers, rev s f hunter, st john's presbyterian church essendon